Patent Grant
10402790
Checks typically provide a safe and convenient method for an individual such as a payor to transfer funds to a payee. To use a check, the individual usually opens a checking account, or other similar account, at a financial institution and deposits funds, which are then available for later withdrawal. To transfer funds with a check, the payor usually designates a payee and an amount payable on the check. In addition, the payor often signs the check. Once the check has been signed, it is usually deemed negotiable, meaning the check may be validly transferred to the payee upon delivery. By signing and transferring the check to the payee, the payor authorizes funds to be withdrawn from the payor's account on behalf of the payee.
While a check may provide a payor with a convenient and secure form of payment, receiving a check may put certain burdens on the payee, such as the time and effort required to deposit the check. For example, depositing a check typically involves going to a local bank branch and physically presenting the check to a bank teller. To reduce such burdens for the payee, systems and methods have been developed to enable the remote deposit of checks.
For example, the payee may capture a digital image of a check using a mobile device. The financial institution may then receive from the payee the digital image of the check. The financial institution may then use the digital image to credit funds to the payee. However, such a technique requires the efficient and accurate detection and extraction of the information pertaining to a check in the digital image. Capturing a digital image at a mobile device that allows for detection and extraction of the information from the digital image may be difficult due to focus, resolution, glare and other typical challenges in optical image capture.
In an implementation, a system is provided for depositing a document, such as a negotiable instrument or any other type of document related to a commercial or non-commercial transaction. The system includes a mobile device having a camera and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to capture a plurality of images of the same side of a document with the camera, analyze the plurality of images to identify a plurality of acceptable portions within the plurality of images, wherein the acceptable portions of each image satisfy predetermined image quality criteria, combine the plurality of acceptable portions to generate a composition composite image of the document and transmit the composition composite image of the document from the mobile device to a depository via a communication pathway between the mobile device and the depository.
In another implementation, a system is provided for depositing a document, comprising a mobile device having a camera and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to capture an image of the document with the camera, analyze the image of the document to identify a designated portion of the document to recapture, recapture an image of the identified designated portion of the document, wherein the designated portion fails to satisfy predetermined image quality criteria, replace the designated portion of the document with the recaptured image to generate a composite image of the document, and transmit the composite image of the document from the mobile device to a depository via a communication pathway between the mobile device and the depository.
In another implementation, a system is provided for depositing a document, comprising a server having a processor and memory, wherein the processor is configured to receive a plurality of images of the same side of a document from a mobile device, analyze the plurality of images to identify a plurality of acceptable portions within the plurality of images, wherein the acceptable portions of each image satisfy predetermined image quality criteria, combine the plurality of acceptable portions together to generate a composite image of the document and transmit the composite image of the document from the server to a depository via a communication pathway between the server and the depository.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the embodiments, there are shown in the drawings example constructions of the embodiments; however, the embodiments are not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
In the following detailed description of example embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the example methods, apparatuses, and systems may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be used and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of this description.
As described further below, a system and method is disclosed for enhancing image capture for remote deposit capture of documents, such as negotiable instruments or any other type of documents related to a commercial or non-commercial transaction. With respect to the description herein, a document may be or include an agreement, a contract, a commercial paper, a document of title, money, a negotiable instrument, a security interest, a transaction document, or any logical combination thereof. In an example, a document may be or include a check, a money order, a unit of money, a verification card (such as social security card, a driver's license, or a student identification), or any document with an account number (such as a bill or receipt of payment). The document could also be a loan application (such as a mortgage application), for example.
In one implementation, a mobile device captures multiple pictures of the same side of a check. The pictures are analyzed to identify portions of the pictures that are suitable for processing. The acceptable portions of two or more pictures are combined to generate a composite image of the check for processing.
In another implementation, a mobile device captures a picture of a check. The picture is analyzed to identify a portion of the picture that is not suitable for processing and that will be recaptured at a higher resolution. The recaptured portion is combined with the original picture to generate a composite image of the check for processing.
In an example, a document can include a type of contract that obligates one party to pay a specified sum of money to another party. In an example, a document can be an unconditioned writing that promises or orders payment of a fixed amount of money. In an example, a document is a check. In such an example, the check may be taken by the receiving party and deposited into an account at a financial institution of the receiving party. The receiving party may endorse the check and then present it for deposit at a bank branch, via an automated teller machine (ATM), or by using remote deposit. Some other examples of documents may include money orders, cashier's checks, drafts, bills of exchange, promissory notes, and the like. A money order is a trusted financial instrument that is a payment order for a pre-specified amount of money. A cashier's check (also known as a bank check, official check, teller's check, bank draft or treasurer's check) is a check guaranteed by a bank and may be purchased from a bank.
The user 102 may be an individual or entity who owns account 160 that may be held at financial institution 130. Account 160 may be any type of deposit account for depositing funds, such as a savings account, a checking account, a brokerage account, and the like. The user 102 may deposit a check 108 or another type of document (such as another type of negotiable instrument) in the account 160 either electronically or physically. In such an example, the financial institution 130 may process and/or clear the check 108 or other type of document. The user 102 may communicate with financial institution 130 by way of communications network 120 such as an intranet, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless fidelity (WiFi) network, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular network, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, and the like. The user 102 may communicate with financial institution 130 by phone, email, instant messaging, text messaging, web chat, facsimile, mail, and the like. Financial institutions 130, 140, and 150 also may communicate with each other by way of communications network 120.
In an implementation, the user 102 may receive payment from another individual such as a payor in the form of a check 108 or other type of document that is drawn from account 170 at financial institution 150. The user 102 may endorse the check 108 (e.g., sign the back of the check 108) and indicate an account number on the check 108 for depositing the funds. It is noted that although examples described herein may refer to a check, the techniques and systems described herein are contemplated for, and may be used for, deposit of any document. Similarly, the techniques and systems described herein are contemplated for and may be used with any form or document whose image may be captured with a camera or other imaging device of a mobile device for subsequent storage and/or processing.
As described further herein, a digital image of a check or other document may be provided from a user to a financial institution, and the digital image may be processed and funds associated with the check or document in the digital image may be deposited in a user's bank account. The user 102 may deposit the check 108 into account 160 by making a digital image of the check 108 and sending the image file containing the digital image to financial institution 130. For example, after endorsing the check 108, the user 102 may use a mobile device 106 that comprises a camera to convert the check 108 into a digital image by taking a picture of the front and/or back of the check 108. The mobile device 106 may be a mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone or a cellular phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), or any handheld computing device, for example. Aspects of an example mobile device are described with respect to
To increase the likelihood of capturing a digital image of the check 108 that may be readable and processed such that the check 108 can be cleared, the image is monitored for compliance with one or more monitoring criteria, prior to the image of the check 108 being captured. The monitoring criteria may be directed to proper lighting and/or framing of the check 108 in an image of the check 108 that will be captured and presented for clearing of the check 108. An application may monitor whether the check 108 is sufficiently within the frame of the camera and has a high enough quality for subsequent processing. The monitoring is performed with respect to the image as it appears in the field of view of the camera of the mobile device 106. The field of view is that part of the world that is visible through the camera at a particular position and orientation in space; objects outside the field of view when the image is captured are not recorded in the image. The monitoring criteria may be based on one or more of light contrast on the image, light brightness of the image, positioning of the image, dimensions, tolerances, character spacing, skewing, warping, corner detection, and MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) line detection, as described further herein. The monitoring may be performed by the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution that is in communication with the mobile device 106. Feedback may be provided to the user 102 regarding the image of the check in the field of view. Based on the feedback, the user 102 may reposition the check 108 and/or the camera, for example, or may capture a plurality of images of the check 108. For examples of monitoring criteria and feedback provided to the user, U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/224,944, 14/516,335, 14/516,350, 14/516,364 13/922,686 and 12/545,127 are hereby incorporated by reference.
In an implementation, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, a plurality of images may be automatically taken by the camera of the same side of check 108. A plurality of images of the same side of check 108 is captured to provide a greater probability that the captured images will be sufficient to process an image of check 108 for deposit. By capturing a plurality of image of the same side of check 108, user frustration may be reduced and check processing and deposit may be streamlined by reducing the necessity for the user to recapture additional images of same side of check 108. The plurality of images may be analyzed to identify acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images. The acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images may be identified based on satisfying a predetermined image quality criteria, may be the best quality image portions, may be the first portions found to satisfy a minimum quality threshold, or other like qualifications. Further, the acceptable portions may be identified based on a combination of aforementioned qualifications. The acceptable portions within the captured images may be combined or stitched together by mobile device 106 to generate a composite, composition or composed image (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “composite image”). The composite image may be provided from the mobile device 106 to a financial institution. By generating a composite image from the plurality of captured images, the number of non-conforming images of checks is reduced during presentment of the images to a financial institution for processing and clearing.
In an implementation, the image capture, analysis and/or combining may be performed automatically by the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution as soon as the image of the check 108 is determined to pass the monitoring criteria or after the images captured. Alternatively, the user 102 may manually instruct the camera to perform the image capture (e.g., by pressing a button the camera or the mobile device 106) after the user 102 receives an indication or other feedback that the image passes the monitoring criteria, image analysis (e.g., by interfacing with the camera or the mobile device 106) after the images are captured and/or imaging combining (e.g., by interfacing with the camera or the mobile device 106) after the images are analyzed.
In an implementation, the composite image is further processed by the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or the financial institution to improve clarity of a blurry or otherwise unsatisfactory image.
In an example, a document (such as the check 108), can be scanned by the camera, so that the scan of the document can provide a height and width of the document (or at least a selected part of the document). These measurements can then be used by the the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution to verify a document type (such as whether, the document type is a check, a driver's license, a unit of money, or a deposit notification). The verification can be used as a basis for the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution to automate an electrical or optical analysis on the document. In examples, where the document type is identified, the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution can analyze the document according to standardized and/or common features of the document type. For example, after identifying the document type, the camera, the mobile device 106, and/or a financial institution can be directed to certain relevant information of the document according to standardized or common locations of such information on such a document.
In an implementation, the plurality of images may be sent to the financial institution 130 using the mobile device 106. Any technique for sending a digital image to financial institution 130 may be used, such as providing a digital image to a website associated with financial institution 130 from storage, emailing a digital image to financial institution 130, or sending a digital image in a text message or instant message, for example. The financial institution 130 may generate a composite image from the plurality of images received from the user 102 via the mobile device 106.
In another implementation, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, one or more images of the check 108 are automatically captured by the camera. An image may be analyzed to identify a designated portion of the check 108 within the captured image to be recaptured by the camera. The designated portion within the captured image of check 108 may be identified based on failing a predetermined image quality criteria, may fail to satisfy a minimum quality threshold, may be unintelligible, or may fail to satisfy other like qualifications. Further, the designated portion may be identified based on a combination of aforementioned qualifications. User 102 may be instructed to recapture the designated portion of check 108, preferably at a higher resolution. The designated portion of check 108 may be recaptured to provide a greater probability that the captured images will be sufficient to process an image of check 108 for deposit. By recapturing the designated portion of check 108, user frustration may be reduced and check processing and deposit may be streamlined by reducing the necessity for the user to recapture additional images of the entire check 108. The recaptured image may be combined with the captured image by mobile device 106 to generate a composite image of the check 108. The composite image may be provided from the mobile device 106 to a financial institution.
In an implementation, the designated portion of the check 108 may be identified for recapture by displaying a grid to user 102 indicating the designated portion of check 108 to be recaptured. Alternatively, the designated portion of the check 108 may be identified for recapture by displaying an alignment guide to user 102.
Financial institution 130 may receive one or more digital images representing the check 108 and may use any known image processing software or other application(s) to obtain the relevant data of the check 108 from the digital images. Financial institution 130 may determine whether the financial information associated therewith may be valid. For example, financial institution 130 may include any combination of systems and subsystems such as electronic devices including, but not limited to, computers, servers, databases, or the like. The electronic devices may include any combination of hardware components such as processors, databases, storage drives, registers, cache, random access memory (RAM) chips, data buses, or the like and/or software components such as operating systems, database management applications, or the like. According to an embodiment, the electronic devices may include a network-based server that may process the financial information and may receive the digital images from the user 102.
The electronic devices may receive the digital images and may perform an analysis on the quality of the digital image, the readability of the data contained therein, or the like. For example, the electronic devices may determine whether the account number, amount payable, and the like may be readable such that it may be parsed or otherwise obtained and processed by the financial institution to credit an account 160 associated with the user 102 and debit an account associated with the payor. In an implementation, a representative 135 of financial institution 130 may provide assistance to the user 102 and may provide assistance in determining whether the financial information may be readable and/or of a good enough quality to be processed.
Upon receipt and approval of a digital image, financial institution 130 may credit the funds to account 160. Financial institution 130 may clear the check 108 by presenting a digital image of the check 108 captured from the digital image to an intermediary bank, such as a regional branch of the Federal Reserve, a correspondent bank, and/or a clearinghouse bank. For example, the check 108 may be cleared by presenting the digital image to financial institution 140, which may be a regional branch of the Federal Reserve, along with a request for payment. Financial institutions 130 and 150 may have accounts at the regional branch of the Federal Reserve. Financial institution 130 may create a substitute check using the image provided by the user 102 and present the substitute check to financial institution 140 for further processing. Upon receiving the substitute check, financial institution 140 may identify financial institution 150 as the paying bank (e.g., the bank from which the check 108 is drawn). This may be accomplished using a nine digit routing number located on the bottom left hand corner of the check. A unique routing number is typically assigned to every financial institution in the United States. Financial institution 140 may present the substitute check to financial institution 150 and request that the check be paid. If financial institution 150 verifies the check (i.e., agrees to honor the check), financial institution 140 may then settle the check by debiting funds from financial institution 150 and crediting funds to financial institution 130. Financial institution 150 may then debit funds from account 170.
It will be appreciated that the preceding examples are for purposes of illustration and explanation only, and that an embodiment is not limited to such examples. For example, financial institution 150 may be a correspondent bank (i.e., engaged in a partnership with financial institution 130). Thus, financial institution 130 may bypass the regional branch of the Federal Reserve and clear the check directly with financial institution 150. In addition, account 160 and account 170 may both be held at financial institution 130, in which case the check 108 may be cleared internally.
In an implementation, the mobile device 106 may comprise a video source such as a video camera, a web camera, or a video-enabled phone, for example, to obtain a video of the check 108. A frame of the video may be obtained and monitored with respect to monitoring criteria, as described further herein. The mobile device 106 and/or the institution may obtain the frame and monitor the frame, depending on an implementation. Generation of a live video of a check 108 is not limited to a video camera, a web camera, and a video-enabled phone, and it is contemplated that any device that is capable of generating a live video may be used to make a video of the check 108 which may be monitored in real-time with respect to monitoring criteria. Additional devices that may be used in the generation and/or transmission of a live video include a web-enabled video computing device, a mobile phone, a camcorder, and a computer camera, for example.
In an implementation, the mobile device 106 may comprise a camera 207, such as a digital camera. Such a mobile device may be called a smart phone or camera phone.
In an implementation, prior to camera 207 capturing an image in its field of view, the image may be monitored with respect to monitoring criteria, e.g., using a software application running on the mobile device 106. Feedback based on the monitoring of the image may be provided to the user 102 to assist the user 102 in positioning the check 108 so that the image of the check 108 may be captured in such a manner that it may be more easily processed and cleared during subsequent operations, such as those involving one or more financial institutions.
A depository 204 may include a bank in which the user 102 has a deposit account; however, the present disclosure is not limited to just banks. Alternatively, a third party may act as the depository 204 providing functionality to a plurality of users without regard to the bank at which they have deposit accounts, or whether their individual bank allows for the methods and systems described herein. In an implementation, the depository 204, after receiving the image(s) of the check 108 from the user 102, may use a clearinghouse 210 to perform the check clearing operations. As described with respect to the system 100 of
In an implementation, the user 102 may place the check 108 on a background and generate one or more digital images comprising an image of the check (e.g., a check image) and a portion of the background (e.g., a background image) using the camera 207. Any background may be used, although a dark background or a consistently colored background may provide more optimal results. It is noted that although examples and implementations described herein may refer to a check image and check data, the term “check image” may refer to any foreground image in a digital image (as opposed to the background image) and the term “check data” may refer to any foreground data in a digital image (as opposed to background data). Thus, the “check image” and the “check data” may refer to the foreground image and foreground data in implementations involving any type of document.
In an implementation, the image being monitored in the field of view of the camera 207 comprises check data and background data. The check data pertains to the check image and the background data pertains to the background image (e.g., the background on which the check image is disposed).
The user of the mobile device 106 may introduce distortions in the image via camera 207 due to a perspective problem, specifically an angling of the camera vertically over the check, and the top of the check is smaller than the bottom, or the reverse. Skewing occurs when the check 208 is rotated from the horizontal in the image 230. Warping, as used herein, is meant to denote that the check 108 is tilted forward or back with respect to a plane that is perpendicular to a line drawn from the camera lens to the center of the check 108. Warping, or tilting, of the image may lead to incorrect optical detection of the check 108.
The operator of the camera 207 may also introduce image problems due to the light in the image 230, such as the light contrast and/or light brightness found on the image 230, such as in various regions of the image 230. For example, the light contrast between the check image 247 and the background image 250 may be insufficient to render an acceptable image. As another example, the light brightness on various regions of the image may be inconsistent compared to each other and may prevent the entirety of the image from being properly processed. In yet another example, if the difference between the light brightness of the various regions is to low (e.g., the light brightness does not vary significantly among the regions), it may not be possible to process the image.
In one implementation, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, a plurality of images may be captured by the camera 207. The mobile device 106 may capture the plurality of images from different perspectives, such as close range, long range and by user 102 manually tilting the camera in various directions. Mobile device 106 may also capture the plurality of images utilizing different settings of camera 207 while capturing each image, such as zoom, flash, anti-shake, aperture, f-stop, exposure, shutter speed, balance, effects, balance, contrast etc. The user 102 may maybe instructed to initiate the image capture via feedback indicator 235, by audible feedback, haptic feedback, etc. Alternatively, mobile device 106 may automatically capture the plurality of images without further intervention by user 102. The plurality of images may be taken individually, in a series (e.g., with a specified time delay or a specified sequence of actions between image captures), or in a burst.
Various portions of the captured images of check 108 may not be captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. For example, certain areas of the captured images may be blurry, out of focus, overexposed, washed out, dimensions, contrast, taken in insufficient light, etc. However, other portions of the captured images may have been sufficiently captured for processing and are acceptable. In an implementation, the plurality of captured images may be analyzed to identify the acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images.
In an implementation, the acceptable portions within the plurality of images may be combined or stitched together by mobile device 106 to generate a composite image of type of the document. The composite image may resemble the document as a whole, such as check image 247. Alternatively, the composite image may reflect only the relevant portions of the document to processing, such as the MICR line, routing number, account number, check number, amount, payor name, payee name, signature line, endorsement signature, endorsement account number, etc. Generating a composite image as described herein may eliminate the necessity to recapture additional images of the document for processing.
For example, referring to
In an implementation, the composite image may be further processed by the camera 207, the mobile device 106, and/or the financial institution to improve clarity of a blurry or otherwise unsatisfactory image. Any technique for processing a digital image may be used, such as post-processing image compositing. Post-processing may also include optical character recognition (OCR), or may use any known image processing software or other application(s) to obtain the relevant data of the check 108 from the composite image.
In an example, post-processing can include manipulating the image such that the document is compliant with one or more certain guidelines or standards. Such a manipulation may include enhancing contrast of an image of the document so that features of the document are more visible. The manipulation may also include removing noise, so that features of the document are more identifiable than prior to the manipulation. The manipulation may also include cropping the image to remove a background portion from the image. OCR algorithms for reading features of a document can be used to enhance these example operations of the manipulation in post-processing.
In an implementation, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, one or more images of the check 108 may be captured by the camera 207. Various portions of a captured image of check 108 may not have been captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. For example, a portion of the captured image may be blurry, out of focus, overexposed, washed out, dimensions, contrast, taken in insufficient light, etc. In an implementation, an image of check 108 may be analyzed to identify a designated portion of the check 108 within the captured image that may not have been captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit.
In an implementation, the user 102 may be instructed to recapture the designated portion of the check 108. The designated portion of check 108 may be recaptured utilizing different settings of camera 207, such as zoom, flash, anti-shake, aperture, f-stop, exposure, shutter speed, balance, effects, balance, contrast etc. Preferably, the designated portion of check 108 may be recaptured at a higher resolution. New monitoring criteria and feedback may be utilized during recapture. In another implementation, the designated portion of the check 108 may be automatically recaptured without further intervention by user 102.
In an implementation, a grid or alignment guide may be overlaid on the camera feed of the mobile device 106. The grid or alignment guide may take any shape such as a bounding rectangle or other bounding box or shape, horizontal and/or vertical bars, parallel lines, etc., for example. In an implementation, the image 230 may be divided into portions by a grid, such as the grid shown in
In an implementation, a bounding rectangle, for example, may be used as the alignment guide, aligning the designated portion of check 108, thereby passing the new monitoring criterion, means enclosing the check 108 within the bounding rectangle. If the designated portion of check 108 is outside of the alignment guide in the image 230, feedback may be generated and provided to the user 102 regarding this new monitoring criterion with instructions for moving the check 108 or the camera 207 in order to properly align the designated portion of check 108 in the field of view. In an implementation, an indicated portion 280A2 of the grid shown in
In an implementation, the recaptured image of the designated portion of check 108 may be combined or stitched together with the captured image of check 108 to generate a composite image of the document. The composite image may resemble the document as a whole, such as check image 247. Alternatively, the composite image may reflect only the relevant portions check 108 for processing, such as the MICR line, routing number, account number, check number, amount, payor name, payee name, signature line, endorsement signature, endorsement account number, etc. Generating a composite image as described herein may eliminate the necessity to recapture a series of images of check 108 before processing.
In an implementation, the above embodiments may be combined. For example, in an implementation, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, a plurality of images may be captured by the camera 207. The plurality of captured images may be analyzed to identify the acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images. The acceptable portions within the captured images may be combined or stitched together to generate a composite image of the document. The composite image may be analyzed to identify a designated portion of the check 108 within the captured image that may not have been captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. The designated portion of check 108 may be recaptured by the camera 207. The recaptured image of the designated portion of check 108 may be combined or stitched together with the composite image to generate a new composite image of the document. The new composite image may be further processed to improve clarity of a blurry or otherwise unsatisfactory image. It is contemplated that the elements of a system in above implementations and the steps performed may be performed by any combination of the camera 207, the mobile device 106, and/or the financial institution.
The server 322, in one example, may send instructions 330 to the client 320 that execute an application on the client 320. This may include instructions that cause a software object, which may have been previously downloaded and installed (e.g., pre-installed) on the client 320, to be executed on the client 320. In another implementation, server 322 may transmit a software application, or app, to client 320 for installation. The software application may be made available to client 320 via an online depository, database or application (app) store such as Google Play, iTunes or the like. The software object may analyze the image in the field of view of a digital camera (e.g., the image 230 shown in the field of view of the camera 207 associated with the mobile device 106) with respect to one or more monitoring criteria and may generate and provide feedback to the user regarding the monitoring criteria and/or instructions for capturing one or a plurality of images of the check 108. The software object may automatically capture one or a plurality of images of the check 108 without any further intervention by the user.
In another example, the instructions 330 may include a wholly self-contained application that when delivered to the client 320 will execute and perform one or more operations described herein, such as those directed to analyzing the image in the field of view of the camera 207 with respect to monitoring criteria, providing feedback to the user 102, and capturing one or a plurality of images of the check 108. In either example, the software object may be configured to make one or more software calls 310 to the camera 207. This may be through specific software instructions to the camera 207. In other words, the camera's functionality may not be abstracted through any software library. In such an example, software code may be written and delivered to every different camera-equipped mobile phone.
In an alternate example, the software object may operate through a software abstraction layer, such as an application programming interface (API). The software object developer may only insert code into the software object to call one or more APIs exposed by the software operating the mobile device 106. One example of such software is Windows Mobile by Microsoft Corporation. In the context of a Windows Mobile device, the Windows Mobile operating system (OS) has one or more APIs exposed to application developers that will translate instructions from applications into instructions operable by the camera 207 on the mobile device 106. A mobile operating system, also known as a mobile platform or a handheld operating system, is the operating system that controls a mobile device. Other mobiles OSs include Symbian OS, iPhone OS, Palm OS, BlackBerry OS, and Android.
The software object may cause the camera 207 to analyze an image in the field of view with respect to monitoring criteria, provide feedback, and/or take a picture or capture one or a plurality of images of the check 108 being deposited. These images may be captured sequentially, e.g., pursuant to the user 102 flipping the check 108 over after an image of the front of the check 108 has been captured after passing the monitoring criteria. However, each side of the check 108 may be captured by the camera 207 using similar API calls. The images may be stored in an image file(s) 315.
Once the images of one or both sides of the check 108 pass the monitoring criteria and are captured by the camera 207, the image file(s) 315 may be analyzed by the software object of the client 320. The analysis of image file(s) 315 identifies the acceptable portions within the captured images and/or identifies designated portion(s) of the image file(s) 315 to be recaptured. Once the acceptable portions have been identified and/or the designated portion(s) have been recaptured, the portion(s) of the image files 315 are combined or stitched together to generate composite image file(s).
Once the images file(s) have been combined, the composite image file(s) may be operated on by the software object of the client 320. These operations may include any of the following: deskewing, dewarping, magnetic ink character recognition, cropping (either automatically, or having the user 102 manually identify the corners and/or edges of the check 108 for example), reducing the resolution of the image, number detection, character recognition, and the like.
With respect to number and character recognition, commercial check scanners have used characteristics of the MICR encoding to detect information about the check, such as the bank's routing number and the account number. However, the characteristics that these scanners have used are the magnetic characteristic of the ink itself and these scanners have used methods similar to those of magnetic audio tape readers. In an implementation, a software object of the client 320 may optically recognize the characters on the MICR line, as a consumer mobile device such as the mobile device 106 will lack the magnetic reading ability of a commercial check scanner.
The image may be also down converted into a grayscale or black and white image, such as either in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compliant format or in tabbed image file format (TIFF) for example. In an alternate example, the image may be formatted as a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) image. One of the benefits of an SVG file is a large size advantage over JPEG. In the former example, the image at some point before entry into the clearing system may be converted to TIFF format. This may be performed at the mobile device 106, wherein the camera 207 captures the image in TIFF format. However, the camera 207 of the mobile device 106 may capture the image in JPEG format, which may then be converted into TIFF either at the mobile device 106 or at the server 322. In the latter example, this may use the transmission of the TIFF image across a communications network which may be more advantageous as TIFF images are typically smaller in file size for the same size of picture as a JPEG formatted image.
The software object on the client 320 may operate by performing one or more of the operations described herein and then transmitting an image file 335 (e.g., based on image file 315 that has been processed) to the server 322 after the user 102 confirms that they do wish to deposit the check 108. Alternately, the software object may capture the images of the check 108 and transmit that images to the server 322 that in turn may perform those operations, verifies that the image quality is within acceptable thresholds, and communicates that verification back to the client 320, which can then instruct the user 102 to take pictures of the other side of the check 108. In this example, the images transmitted to the server 322 may be in any format, such as JPEG or TIFF, insofar as the server software has the ability to convert that image into a Check 21 compliant format. Alternately, the bank may output an X9.37 file to the clearing system. The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (or Check 21 Act) is a United States federal law that allows the recipient of a paper check to create a digital version, thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. The Check 21 standard for electronic exchange is defined in the standard DSTU X9.37-2003 (“X9.37”). It is a binary interchange format.
The server 322 may confirm (e.g., using a process confirmation 340) with the user 102 the transmission, reception, and processing of each side of the check 108 separately, or may confirm both sides at the same time. On the server side, more operations may be performed, such as signature verification. Where to perform these operations may be determined by the processing power of the mobile device 106 itself, which is typically limited in computational power. However, the present discussion is not limited in any way by discussion of where certain operations are described as operating. The operations of detecting and verifying information may be performed by the client 320 before the information is transmitted along with the image in the image file 335 to the server 322. Alternately, the software object(s) operating on the mobile device 106 may perform no operation other than capturing images of the front and back of the check 108 after passing the monitoring criteria, receiving confirmation that the user 102 wishes to proceed, and transmitting those images to the server 322, wherein the server 322 performs those operations.
In an implementation, after the image file(s) 335 have been received by the server 322, the server 322 may send a process confirmation 340 to the client 320. The process confirmation 340 may request instructions from the client 320 to continue proceeding with the deposit now that the server 322 has received the image file 335. In response, the client 320 may send a deposit confirmation 345 to the server 322, instructing the server 322 to process the deposit of the check based on the image file 335 that had been received by the server 322.
In an implementation, the check images 458 may be received following a software call from the check processing module 454 to the image monitoring and capture module 456. In such an implementation, the image monitoring and capture module 456 may include the camera 207 contained within the mobile device 106. Alternately, the camera 207 may be detachably coupled to the mobile device 106 such as through a secure digital (SD) slot or over any suitable communications bus, such as USB (universal serial bus).
In an implementation, the image monitoring and capture module 456 may obtain one or a plurality of images to be analyzed by the check processing module 454. Check processing module 454 may identify the acceptable portions within the captured images and/or identify designated portion(s) of the image(s) to be recaptured. If check processing module 454 identifies designated portion(s) of the images to be recaptured, the check processing module 454 may provide a software call to the image monitoring and capture module 456 with instructions to recapture the designated portion(s) of the image(s). Once the acceptable portions have been identified and/or the designated portion(s) have been recaptured by the image and capture module 456, the portion(s) of the image files 315 are combined or stitched together by check processing module 454 to generate composite image file(s). Check processing module 454 may send the composite image to a financial institution (e.g., financial institution 130, the server 322, the server apparatus 570, etc.) for processing.
In an implementation, the client apparatus 450 may comprise a browser such as a web browser, for accessing a website on the Internet or other network associated with a financial institution. The user may access the website and select a “monitor and capture image” link or similar icon, button or link, for example, displayed on the browser. Such a selection may call the image monitoring and capture module 456 on the client apparatus 450.
The communications module 452 may be configured, in one example, to receive and send data signals over a suitable communications network. This may include, without limitation, GSM/GPR3, HSDPA, CDMA, TDMA, 802.11, 802.16 and the like. While the bandwidth available to the mobile device 106 may be an implementation concern such discussion is outside the scope of the present discussion and any suitable wireless communications network is considered to be within the scope of the present discussion. With respect to the present discussion, the communications module 452 may receive one or more processed check images 460 from the check processing module 454 and may transmit them over the suitable communications network to the depository 204, as described herein.
The check processing module 454 may be configured, in one example, to cause the image monitoring and capture module 456 to monitor an image of at least one side of a check provided in a field of view of the camera 207 and then capture the images after it passes monitoring criteria. Compliance with the monitoring criteria is intended to ensure that the image of the check is suitable for one or more processing tasks. For instance, if the check is rotated 45 degrees clockwise when captured, the check processing module 454 or a software object operated on the server 322 described above may be unable to optically detect information on the check. The check processing module 454 may also be configured, in one example, to cause the image monitoring and capture module 456 to recapture a designated portion of the image of a check. For instance, if an area of the check containing information necessary for processing was not captured in a manner that would allow the check processing module 454 to process the image, the check processing module 454 may cause the image monitoring and capture module 456 to recapture that portion of the check, preferably at a higher resolution or with different settings for camera 207.
The check processing module 454 may perform one or more cleaning or processing operations on the captured image of the check. Such cleaning or processing may include dewarping and/or deskewing (if not part of the monitoring criteria, in an implementation), for example. Cleaning or processing may include down-converting the image received from the image capture module to a suitable size, such as 200 dots per inch (DPI) resolution or in a resolution range such as 200 DPI to 400 DPI, 300 DPI to 500 DPI, etc., and/or converting the image to grayscale or black and white. Such operation(s) may reduce the file size of the check image. Alternatively, the check processing module 454 may send instructions to the image monitoring and capture module 456 to cause the image monitoring and capture module 456 to capture an image of the check at a suitable resolution. The check processing module 454 may additionally perform any of the following operations, in further examples: convert from JPEG to TIFF, detect check information, perform signature detection on the image of the check, and the like. The check processing module 454 may, alternatively, send the captured check image to the server described herein for such processing, and receive confirmation that the operations were completed before further operations can proceed.
The size of the file sent between the mobile device and the server may be small. This runs counter with respect to automatic check detection against a background. If captured in color, the contrast between check and background becomes easier. However, the processed image sent over the communications network may need to be smaller, and if the detection operation is performed by the server, it may be advantageous to convert the captured image to grayscale, or even black and white, before transmission to the server. Grayscale images are compliant with the Check 21 Act.
While “flat” is a fairly well known term to users, each user's appreciation of flat with respect to the camera lens of the camera 207 associated with the mobile device 106 may result in a problem with needing to align the check image programmatically or risk rejecting a large number of check images. As the image captured is a set of pixels, a tilted image will result in a jagged polygon rather than a perfect rectangle. Using convex hull algorithms, the check processing modules may create a smooth polygon around the boundary and remove the concavity of the check image. Alternatively, a rotating calipers algorithm may be used to determine the tightest fitting rectangle around the check boundary, which can then be used to determine the angle of it, with that angle being used to align the check properly.
The server apparatus 570 may include one or more software objects operating on a server operated by the depository 204. Aspects of an example server apparatus are described with respect to
The communications module 572 may be configured to receive a wireless communication from the mobile device 106 over any suitable communications network, such as those described above. The communications module 572 may additionally receive a communication over a different communications network than the mobile device 106 communicated on, such as receiving the communication over a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) connection from the user's communication provider.
The check processing module 574 may be configured, in one example, to perform one or more check processing operations on the processed image(s) 460 that are received. In an implementation, these operations may include any of the operations described herein with respect to the check processing module 454. The operation of signature verification may be performed by the check processing module 574 of the server apparatus 570 as the server apparatus 570 may interface with other systems of the depository 204 that may maintain previously verified signature samples of the user 102. Performing signature verification at the client apparatus 450 may be computationally unfeasible; additionally, there may be a security risk if the signature sample is stored on the user's own device.
A cropped grayscale image may be sent to the server apparatus 570. The server apparatus 570 may extract information via a TIFF conversion and determine the DPI and re-scale to the proper DPI (e.g., convert to TIFF and detect the DPI that was used in the grayscale image). In an implementation, DPI detection may run on the client apparatus 450.
The check clearance module 576 may be configured, in one example, to receive a file from the check processing module 574 and may communicate with a check clearinghouse such that a Check 21 compliant file may be delivered to the check clearinghouse and funds may be received by the depository 204. The availability of the funds to the user 102 may be delayed by this operation such that the user 102 only has access to those funds when the depository 204 receives confirmation that the check has cleared.
At 802, the image in the field of view of the camera may be monitored with respect to one or more monitoring criteria, such as those described above. The monitoring may be performed by the camera 207, the mobile device 106, and/or a computing device associated with the depository, for example. The monitoring may be performed pursuant to instructions received at the camera or mobile device from the deposit system operated by a depository, the server 322, or the server apparatus 570, for example. In an implementation, the results of the monitoring may indicate that the camera 207 and/or the check 108 should be repositioned and/or the light source should be adjusted prior to an image capture in order to capture an image of the check that may be processed properly, e.g., to have the data from the check obtained without error from the image, so that that check can be cleared.
At 804, when the image in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria as determined at 802, a plurality of images of the field of view may be captured by the camera. This may be accomplished through the software object accessing a camera associated with the mobile device (e.g., either comprised within the mobile device or separate from the mobile device). This may be done through an API exposed by the OS of the mobile device, or may be through software code customized for a specific phone and specific camera. With respect to the former, a developer of the software object may write code to the camera API(s), which may be specific to the OS and without regard to the camera on the device. The user may initiate the capture of the images (e.g., by pressing a button on the camera or the mobile device) or the images may be captured automatically, without user intervention, as soon as the image in the field of view is determined to have passed the monitoring criteria.
At 806, the plurality of captured images of the check may be analyzed to identify the acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images. Various portions of the captured images of the check may not be captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. For example, certain areas of the captured images may be blurry, out of focus, overexposed, washed out, dimensions, contrast, taken in insufficient light, etc. However, other portions of the captured images may have been sufficiently captured for processing and are therefore acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images.
At 808, the acceptable portions within the plurality of images may be combined or stitched together to generate a composite image of the document. The composite image may resemble the document as a whole, such as check image 247. Alternatively, the composite image may reflect only the relevant portions of the document to processing, such as the MICR line, routing number, account number, check number, amount, payor name, payee name, signature line, endorsement signature, endorsement account number, etc. In this manner, the occurrence of non-conforming images downstream (e.g., at a depository or financial institution) is reduced, and there is a high confidence that the composite image will be properly processed downstream.
At 810, the composite image may be further processed to improve clarity of a blurry or otherwise unsatisfactory image. Any technique for processing a digital image may be used, such as post-processing image composting. Post-processing may also utilize any known image processing software or other application(s) to obtain the relevant data from the composite image.
At 812, the composite image may be transmitted to a depository, e.g. as a digital image file. At 814, the depository may receive the composite image of the check (along with financial information pertaining to the account for depositing funds, for example) and may process the composite image at step 816. Processing of the digital image file may include retrieving financial information regarding the check. The financial information may comprise the MICR number, the routing number, an amount, etc. Any known image processing technology may be used, such as edge detection, filtering to remove imagery except the check image or check data in the received digital image file, image sharpening, and technologies to distinguish between the front and the back sides of the check. The depository may identify and/or remove at least a portion of data that is extraneous to the check, such as background data.
After retrieving the financial information from the check in an electronic data representation form, the depository may determine whether the financial information such as the amount payable to the user, the account associated with the user to deposit funds, an account associated with a payor to debit funds, and an institution associated with the payor, etc., may be valid. For example, the depository may include electronic devices such as computers, servers, databases, or the like that may be in communication with each other. The electronic devices may receive an electronic data representation and may perform an analysis on the quality of the data representation, the readability of the data representation, or the like. For example, the electronic devices may determine whether the account number, amount payable, or the like may be readable such that they may be parsed and processed by the depository to credit an account associated with the user.
At 818, if the financial information is determined to be valid, the electronic data representation may be processed by the depository, thereby processing the document. At 820, the funds represented by the document are deposited in the user's account. At 822, the depository may notify the user of the deposit. If the financial information is determined to be invalid, then the user may be advised. For example, the depository may transmit an email, a web message, an instant message, or the like to the user indicating that the deposit was successful, or alternatively that the financial information associated with the electronic data representation may be invalid. The user may determine how to proceed by selecting an option on the web message, replying to the email, or the like.
Thus, in an implementation, instructions on how the user would like to proceed may be requested from the user, such as whether the user would like to try the deposit again (e.g., make another image of the check that pass the monitoring criteria and send it to the depository) or whether the user would like assistance from a representative, for example. The user may indicate how they would like to proceed. If the user would like assistance, the financial information may be transferred to a representative for further review. The representative may review the financial information associated with the electronic data representation to determine whether to allow the electronic data representation to be processed by the depository. If so, the electronic data representation of the financial information may be processed by the depository, thereby depositing the check in the user's account. The depository may send a notice to the user via email, facsimile, instant message, or mail, for example, that the check has been deposited into the selected account.
At 930, the user may send a request to deposit the check and may select an account in which to deposit the check. In an implementation, the user may select a “deposit check” option provided on the website, and may enter details such as check amount, date, the account the check funds should be deposited in, comments, etc.
At 940, a plurality of images in the field of view of the camera may be provided to and received by the institution, via the communication pathway. Still images may be provided or a video may be provided, such as a video stream generated by the camera.
At 950, the institution may analyze the plurality images or frames of the video stream to identify the acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images or frames. Various portions of the captured images of the check may not be captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. For example, certain areas of the captured images may be blurry, out of focus, overexposed, washed out, dimensions, contrast, taken in insufficient light, etc. However, other portions of the captured images may have been sufficiently captured for processing and are therefore acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images.
At 960, the institution may combine or stitch together the acceptable portions to generate a composite image of the document. The composite image may resemble the document as a whole, such as check image 247. Alternatively, the composite image may reflect only the relevant portions of the document to processing, such as the MICR line, routing number, account number, check number, amount, payor name, payee name, signature line, endorsement signature, endorsement account number, etc. In this manner, the occurrence of non-conforming images downstream (e.g., at a depository or financial institution) is reduced, and there is a high confidence that the composite image will be properly processed downstream.
At 970, the institution may be further process the composite image to improve clarity of a blurry or otherwise unsatisfactory image. Any technique for processing a digital image may be used, such as post-processing image composting. Post-processing may also utilize any known image processing software or other application(s) to obtain the relevant data from the composite image.
At 980, the institution may process the digital images to obtain an image of the check to obtain check data. At 990, the institution processes the check data and deposits the funds of the check in the user's account, as described herein. It is contemplated that processing such as grayscale conversion, image cropping, image compression, edge and/or corner detection, etc. may be implemented in the method 900. Such operations may be performed on one or more digital images created by the camera and may be performed on the image(s) by the mobile device and/or by the institution, as described further above.
Although the examples described herein may refer to uploading of images of checks to an institution, it is contemplated that any type of document or image (e.g., vehicle accident pictures provided to an insurance company) may be processed and/or transmitted using the techniques described herein. Additionally, one or more of the techniques described herein may be performed by the institution instead of the mobile device of the user.
At 1010, the image in the field of view of the camera may be monitored with respect to one or more monitoring criteria, such as those described above. The monitoring may be performed by the camera 207, the mobile device 106, and/or a computing device associated with the depository, for example. The monitoring may be performed pursuant to instructions received at the camera or mobile device from the deposit system operated by a depository, the server 322, or the server apparatus 570, for example. In an implementation, the results of the monitoring may indicate that the camera 207 and/or the check 108 should be repositioned and/or the light source should be adjusted prior to an image capture in order to capture an image of the check that may be processed properly, e.g., to have the data from the check obtained without error from the image, so that that check can be cleared.
At 1020, when the image in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria as determined at 1010, one or more images of the field of view may be captured by the camera. This may be accomplished through the software object accessing a camera associated with the mobile device (e.g., either comprised within the mobile device or separate from the mobile device). This may be done through an API exposed by the OS of the mobile device, or may be through software code customized for a specific phone and specific camera. With respect to the former, a developer of the software object may write code to the camera API(s), which may be specific to the OS and without regard to the camera on the device. The user may initiate the capture of the images (e.g., by pressing a button on the camera or the mobile device) or the images may be captured automatically, without user intervention, as soon as the image in the field of view is determined to have passed the monitoring criteria.
At 1030, a captured image of the check may be analyzed to identify a designated portion within the captured image to be recaptured. The designated portion of the captured image of the check may not have been captured in a manner that can be processed for deposit. For example, designated portion of the captured image may be blurry, out of focus, overexposed, washed out, dimensions, contrast, taken in insufficient light, etc.
At 1040, the designated portion within the captured image is recaptured by the camera. This may be accomplished through the software object accessing a camera associated with the mobile device (e.g., either comprised within the mobile device or separate from the mobile device). This may be done through an API exposed by the OS of the mobile device, or may be through software code customized for a specific phone and specific camera. With respect to the former, a developer of the software object may write code to the camera API(s), which may be specific to the OS and without regard to the camera on the device. The user may initiate the recapture (e.g., by pressing a button on the camera or the mobile device) or the designated portion may be recaptured automatically, without user intervention, as soon as the image in the field of view is determined to have passed a new monitoring criteria.
At 1050, the captured image and the recaptured image of the designated portion may be combined or stitched together to generate a composite image of the document. The composite image may resemble the document as a whole, such as check image 247. Alternatively, the composite image may reflect only the relevant portions of the document to processing, such as the MICR line, routing number, account number, check number, amount, payor name, payee name, signature line, endorsement signature, endorsement account number, etc. In this manner, the occurrence of non-conforming images downstream (e.g., at a depository or financial institution) is reduced, and there is a high confidence that the composite image will be properly processed downstream.
At 1060, the composite image may be transmitted to a depository, e.g. as a digital image file. As described herein, at 1070, the depository may receive the image of the check (along with financial information pertaining to the account for depositing funds, for example) and may process the image. Processing of the digital image file may include retrieving financial information regarding the check. The financial information may comprise the MICR number, the routing number, an amount, etc. Any known image processing technology may be used, such as edge detection, filtering to remove imagery except the check image or check data in the received digital image file, image sharpening, and technologies to distinguish between the front and the back sides of the check. The depository may identify and/or remove at least a portion of data that is extraneous to the check, such as background data.
After retrieving the financial information from the check in an electronic data representation form, the depository may determine whether the financial information such as the amount payable to the user, the account associated with the user to deposit funds, an account associated with a payor to debit funds, and an institution associated with the payor, etc., may be valid. For example, the depository may include electronic devices such as computers, servers, databases, or the like that may be in communication with each other. The electronic devices may receive an electronic data representation and may perform an analysis on the quality of the data representation, the readability of the data representation, or the like. For example, the electronic devices may determine whether the account number, amount payable, or the like may be readable such that they may be parsed and processed by the depository to credit an account associated with the user.
If the financial information is determined to be valid, the electronic data representation may be processed by the depository, thereby depositing the money in the user's account. If the financial information is determined to be invalid, then the user may be advised. For example, the depository may transmit an email, a web message, an instant message, or the like to the user indicating that the financial information associated with the electronic data representation may be invalid. The user may determine how to proceed by selecting an option on the web message, replying to the email, or the like.
Thus, in an implementation, instructions on how the user would like to proceed may be requested from the user, such as whether the user would like to try the deposit again (e.g., make another image of the check that pass the monitoring criteria and send it to the depository) or whether the user would like assistance from a representative, for example. The user may indicate how they would like to proceed. If the user would like assistance, the financial information may be transferred to a representative for further review. The representative may review the financial information associated with the electronic data representation to determine whether to allow the electronic data representation to be processed by the depository. If so, the electronic data representation of the financial information may be processed by the depository, thereby depositing the check in the user's account. The depository may send a notice to the user via email, facsimile, instant message, or mail, for example, that the check has been deposited into the selected account.
In another implementation, the above described implementations may be combined. For example, when the image of the check 108 in the field of view passes the monitoring criteria, a plurality of images may be automatically taken by the camera of the same side of check 108. The plurality of images may be analyzed to identify acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images. It may be determined that there are insufficient acceptable portions within the plurality of captured images for processing. The plurality of images may then be analyzed to identify a designated portion within a captured image check 108 to be recaptured by the camera. User 102 may be instructed to recapture the designated portion of check 108, preferably at a higher resolution. The acceptable portions within the captured images and the recaptured designated portion may be combined or stitched together by mobile device 106 to generate a composite image. The composite image may be provided from the mobile device 106 to a financial institution. This combination is merely exemplary and other combinations of implementations are contemplated.
In an implementation, mobile device 106, server 322 and server apparatus 570 may be implemented using a computer and computing environment.
Computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer may be used. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Distributed computing environments may be used where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network or other data transmission medium. In a distributed computing environment, program modules and other data may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
With reference to
The storage device 1122 represents one or more mechanisms for storing data. For example, the storage device 1122 may include read-only memory (ROM), RAM, magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and/or other machine-readable media. In other embodiments, any appropriate type of storage device may be used. Although only one storage device 1122 is shown, multiple storage devices and multiple types of storage devices may be present. Further, although the computer 1110 is drawn to contain the storage device 1122, it may be distributed across other computers, for example on a server.
The storage device 1122 includes a controller (not shown in
The output device 1124 is that part of the computer 1110 that displays output to the user. The output device 1124 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) well-known in the art of computer hardware. In other embodiments, the output device 1124 may be replaced with a gas or plasma-based flat-panel display or a traditional cathode-ray tube (CRT) display. In still other embodiments, any appropriate display device may be used. Although only one output device 1124 is shown, in other embodiments any number of output devices of different types, or of the same type, may be present. In an embodiment, the output device 1124 displays a user interface. The input device 1126 may be a keyboard, mouse or other pointing device, trackball, touchpad, touch screen, keypad, microphone, voice recognition device, or any other appropriate mechanism for the user to input data to the computer 1110 and manipulate the user interface previously discussed. Although only one input device 1126 is shown, in another embodiment any number and type of input devices may be present.
The network interface device 1128 provides connectivity from the computer 1110 to the network 1114 through any suitable communications protocol. The network interface device 1128 sends and receives data items from the network 1114. The bus 1130 may represent one or more busses, e.g., USB, PCI, ISA (Industry Standard Architecture), X-Bus, EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture), or any other appropriate bus and/or bridge (also called a bus controller).
The computer 1110 may be implemented using any suitable hardware and/or software, such as a personal computer or other electronic computing device. Portable computers, laptop or notebook computers, PDAs, pocket computers, appliances, telephones, and mainframe computers are examples of other possible configurations of the computer 1110. For example, other peripheral devices such as audio adapters or chip programming devices, such as EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) programming devices may be used in addition to, or in place of, the hardware already depicted.
The network 1114 may be any suitable network and may support any appropriate protocol suitable for communication to the computer 1110. In an embodiment, the network 1114 may support wireless communications. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may support hard-wired communications, such as a telephone line or cable. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may support the Ethernet IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.3x specification. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be the Internet and may support IP (Internet Protocol). In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be a LAN or a WAN. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be a hotspot service provider network. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be an intranet. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be any appropriate cellular data network or cell-based radio network technology. In another embodiment, the network 1114 may be an IEEE 802.11 wireless network. In still another embodiment, the network 1114 may be any suitable network or combination of networks. Although one network 1114 is shown, in other embodiments any number of networks (of the same or different types) may be present.
It should be understood that the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the presently disclosed subject matter, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the presently disclosed subject matter. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device generally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs may implement or use the processes described in connection with the presently disclosed subject matter, e.g., through the use of an API, reusable controls, or the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language and it may be combined with hardware implementations.
Although exemplary embodiments may refer to using aspects of the presently disclosed subject matter in the context of one or more stand-alone computer systems, the subject matter is not so limited, but rather may be implemented in connection with any computing environment, such as a network or distributed computing environment. Still further, aspects of the presently disclosed subject matter may be implemented in or across a plurality of processing chips or devices, and storage may similarly be effected across a plurality of devices. Such devices might include personal computers, network servers, and handheld devices, for example. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/167,754, filed May 28, 2016, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
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| Patent Disclaimer for U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779, filed on Mar. 4, 2019, 2 pgs. |
| Patent Disclaimer for U.S. Pat. No. 8,977,571, filed on Feb. 20, 2019, 2 pgs. |
| Patent Disclaimer for U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, filed on Mar. 4, 2019, 2 pgs. |
| Patent Disclaimer for U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, filed on Feb. 20, 2019, 2 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, United Services Autornobile Association (USAA)'s Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 75 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Declaration of Tim Crews in Support of Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 8 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Deciaration of Matthew Caiman in Support of Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 14 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Katie Knight Videotape Deposition Transcript, dated Feb. 8, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Peter Alexander, PhD., Oral and Videotaped Deposition, dated Jan. 23, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00002 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, United Services Automobile Association (USAA)'s Updated Exhibit List, dated Mar. 19, 2019,8 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, United Services Automobile Association (USAA)'s Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Mar. 4, 2019, 91 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779, Declaration of Matthew Calman in Support of Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Mar. 4, 2019, 15 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, Katie Knight Videotape Deposition Transcript, dated Feb. 8, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, Peter Alexander, Ph.D., Oral and Videotaped Deposition, dated Jan. 23, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, United Services Automobile Association (USAA)'s Updated Exhibit List Pursuant to 37 CFR 42.63(e), dated Mar. 19, 2019, 8 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00003 U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,517, Petitioner's Reply Brief to Patent Owner Preliminary Response Pursuant to Authorization Provided in Paper No. 14, dated Apr. 10, 2019, 10 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00004 U.S. Pat. No. 8,977,571, Declaration of Tim Crews in Support of Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 8 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00004 U.S. Pat. No. 8,977,571, United Services Automobile Association (USAA)'s Patent Owner Preiiminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 99 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00004 U.S. Pat. No. 8,977,571, Declaration of Matthew Calmar in Support of Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Feb. 20, 2019, 14 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00004 U.S. Pat. No. 8,977,571, United Services Automobile Association (USAA)'s Updated Exhibit List Pursuant to 37 CFR 43.63(e), dated Mar. 19, 2019, 8 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00005 U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779, United Services Automobile Association's (USAA)'s Patent Owner Prekninwy Response, dated Mar. 4, 2019, 103 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00005 U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779, Katie Knight Videotape Deposition Transcript, dated Feb. 8, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00005 U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779 Matthew A. Caiman Declaration, dated Mar. 4, 2019, 15 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00005 U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,779 Peter Alexander, Ph.D., Oral and Videotaped Deposition, dated Jan. 23, 2019, 27 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00027 U.S. Pat. No. 9,224,136 Declaration of Peter Alexander, Ph,D. dated Mar. 28, 2019, 147 pos. |
| CBM2019-00027 U.S. Pat. No. 9,224,136 Petition for Covered Business Method Review of Claims 1-3, 5-9, 11-16 and 18 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,224,136, dated Mar. 28, 2019, 93 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00027 U.S. Pat. No. 9,224,136 Notice of Filing Date Accorded to Petition and Time for Filing Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Apr. 8, 2019, 3 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00028 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, Plaintiff United Services Automobile Association (USAA) Preliminary Claim Constructions and Extrinsic Evidence, dated Mar. 15, 2019, 74 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00028 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, Declaration of Peter Alexander, Ph.D., dated Mar. 28, 2019, 94 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00028 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, Petition for Covered Business Method Review of Claims 1-30 of U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, dated Mar. 28, 2019, 99 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00028 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, Petitioner's Updated Exhibit List (as of Apr. 1, 2019) for U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, dated Apr. 1, 2019, 5 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00028 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, Notice of Filing Date Accorded to Petition and Time for Filing Patent owner Preliminary Response for U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,681, dated Apr. 8, 2019, 3 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00029 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,605, Declaration of Peter Alexander, Ph.D., dated Mar. 28, 2019, 76 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00029 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,605, Petition for Covered Business Method Review of Claims 1-3, 5-14, 16-29 of U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,605, dated Mar. 28, 2019, 88 pgs. |
| CBM2019-00029 U.S. Pat. No. 10,013,605, Plaintiff United SeNices Automobile Association (USAA) Preliminary Claim Constructions and Extrinsic Evidence, dated Mar. 15, 2019, 74 pgs. |
| IPR2019-00815 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Petition for Inter Parties Review of Claims 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, dated Mar. 20, 2019, 56 pgs. |
| IPR2019-00815 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Declaration of Peter Alexander, PhD. as filed in the IPR on Mar. 20, 2019, 99 pgs. |
| IPR2019-00815 Patent No, 9,818,090, Notice of Filing Date Accorded to Petition and Time for Filing Patent Owner Preliminary Response, dated Mar. 27, 2019, 5 pgs. |
| IPR2019-00815 U.S. Pat. No. 9,818,090, Exhibit B Proposed Claim Constructions for the '571, '090, '779 and '517 Patents, filed on Feb. 28, 2019, 10 pgs. |
| ABA Routing System Transit Number, Wikipedia, dated Sep. 27, 2006, 3pgs. |
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| ANS X9.100-140-2004, “Specification for an Image Replacement document—IRD”, American Standard for Financial Services, Oct. 1, 2004, 15 pgs. |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62167754 | May 2015 | US |
