Patent Application
20220395017
The present disclosure relates to a composite aerosol-generating material, methods of manufacturing such composite aerosol-generating materials and apparatuses for such manufacture. In addition, the present disclosure relates to aerosol-generating rods comprising the composite aerosol-generating material, manufacturing methods to make such rods, and apparatuses to make such rods. The aerosol-generating rod may be for use in an aerosol-generating article. The aerosol-generating article may be for use with an aerosol-generating device. The present disclosure relates, in particular, but not exclusively, to an application of a gel in a sandwich configuration between aerosol-generating material, or carrier material. Preferably the gel comprises an active agent, for example flavours, humectants, plasticisers, or nicotine. Preferably the gel comprises a combination of active agents.
To manufacture the aerosol-generating rod, a procedure typically involves the following steps. A flat sheet of aerosol-generating material is unwound from a bobbin of aerosol-generating material. The aerosol-generating material is then typically sprayed with liquid or powder components such as glycerine or flavours. Finally, the aerosol-generating material is pulled through a funnel shaped device which gathers the sheet into a continuous cylindrical rod of the desired diameter. The continuous rod is wrapped and cut to a desired length before being combined with other rods in a line to form the aerosol-generating article.
However, spraying liquid or powder components onto the sheet may lead to certain drawbacks. For example, with the spraying process, typically only a portion of the material that is sprayed and fixed onto the sheet of aerosol-generating material.
It would therefore be desirable to provide an improved application of flavours and other components, which overcome these disadvantages. It would also be desirable to provide an aerosol-generating material for use in an aerosol-generating rod, and to provide an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the aerosol-generating material which would reduce the amount of wasted components, so that manufacturing costs can also be reduced and would require less cleaning thus saving time.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material, comprising the steps of:
providing a second continuous sheet of carrier material and positioning the second continuous sheet of carrier material to the gel to form a composite material with gel interposed between the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material; and,
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a composite aerosol-generating material comprising:
The composite aerosol-generating material of the present invention may be suitable for use in an aerosol-generating rod, or an aerosol generating article. In some embodiments the composite aerosol-generating material is for use in an aerosol-generating rod.
The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material for use in an aerosol-generating rod, comprising the steps of: providing a first continuous sheet of carrier material; dispensing gel to a surface of the first continuous sheet of carrier material; providing a second continuous sheet of carrier material and positioning the second continuous sheet of carrier material to the gel to form a composite material with gel interposed between the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material. Positioning the first continuous sheet and the second continuous sheet (of carrier material) accurately enables the consistent manufacture of the composite aerosol-generating material.
Preferably, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material, further comprises the step of crimping. This may be crimping of the first continuous sheet of carrier material, or the second continuous sheet of carrier material, or both the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material. Crimping provides an ease of manufacture by facilitating the gathering of the sheet in the subsequent manufacturing step, because as a result of the crimping operation, the resilience of the sheet of carrier material is weakened and a plurality of ridges and corrugations are provided on the sheet. The ridges and corrugations are regularly distributed at pre-defined locations and extend substantially over the whole length of the sheet. Thus, crimping helps the gathering of the sheet in a more defined way. In addition, crimping also make possible for a bigger amount of sheet material to be pulled through a funnel shaped device for forming an aerosol-generating rod in comparison to uncrimped sheets. Moreover, crimping helps create the homogeneous distribution of flow channels and maintaining the flow channels by weakening the resilience of the sheet of aerosol-generating material. The rate of crimping and the size and pattern of the grooves or indentations can vary. Thus, a large number of different aerosol flow conditions can be produced for specific desired resistant to draw property. Preferably the crimping step is performed before dispensing of the gel onto the first continuous sheet of carrier material, or on to the surface-portion of the first continuous sheet of carrier material. Crimping before dispensing makes the manufacturing easier than crimping after dispensing of gel. It helps to prevent the gel being squeezed out during crimping and thus to reduce the risk of gel contacting the manufacturing equipment. And crimping before dispensing also advantageously makes it possible to crimp only one of the first or the second sheet of the carrier material, instead of crimping a composite aerosol-generating material comprising at least two sheets of carrier material.
In specific embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of: providing a first continuous sheet of carrier material and a second continuous sheet of carrier material from different respective sources of carrier material. Having the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material from different sources of carrier materials or being different carrier materials allows a great number of different materials and combinations of the different carrier materials to be used. Thus, various different composite aerosol-generating materials comprising different combinations of carrier materials or aerosol-generating materials (or both different carrier materials and aerosol-generating materials) deliver a great number of different aerosols.
In specific embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of providing both a first continuous sheet of carrier material and a second continuous sheet of carrier material from a single source of carrier material. This may simplify the manufacturing process by having only one source of carrier material to produce the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material.
In specific embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of folding a continuous sheet of the single source of carrier material to form both the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material such that the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material are integral with each other via a folding line. Folding a sheet of a source carrier material to form the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material allows ease of manufacture and efficient use of material. It also prevents the dispensed gel from being squeezed out on one side.
The folding of the sheet of the source carrier material may be by any suitable means known in the art, including using guides. Specific embodiments comprise using guides to fold the sheet of the source carrier material. In specific embodiments the guides used with the present invention may be a roller type of guide, for example a directional roller, or a positioning roller; or a static curved surface guide; or any combination of the types of guides mentioned. Movement of the sheet of the source carrier material towards the folding means bends the sheet of source carrier material over on to itself until the folding process is completed and one lateral side section of the continuous sheet of carrier material is folded completely over making contact with the gel already dispensed on the other lateral side section of the sheet of the source carrier material.
In specific embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of cutting a continuous sheet of a single source of carrier material to form both a first continuous sheet of carrier material and a second continuous sheet of carrier material. Cutting a source carrier material to form a first continuous sheet and a second continuous sheet of carrier material ensures that the material for the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material are the same, for example, in term of composition or thickness. Additionally, by providing both carrier material sheets from a single source, the material properties of the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material will be consistent.
Typically, the width of a carrier material for cutting may be in the range of 5 centimeters to 50 centimeters wide, preferably around 20-40 centimeters wide, more preferably around 25 centimeters wide.
The cutting of the sheet of the source carrier materials will typically use a cutting means, for example a cutter, one or more of a knife or a blade or a saw, or a jig-saw type of cutter, or a circular knife, to give a clean cut of the sheet of the source carrier material to form both a first and second continuous sheet of carrier material. The cutting blade will typically face towards the oncoming source carrier material. Typically, but not necessarily, the cutting means will be an inline system, cutting the source carrier material into two sections along the longitudinal direction of the sheet of the source carrier material. The cutting means may cut the source carrier material into more than two sections depending on the requirements. The first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheets of carrier material are formed separated. In embodiments where the second continuous sheet of carrier material will be positioned in contact with the gel, guiding means and transportation means will be required to position the second continuous sheet of carrier material into the desired position, ideally positioned on the gel already dispensed on the first continuous sheet of carrier material. In this way a gel is embedded in a sandwich configuration between the two continuous sheets of carrier material. Typically, the first continuous sheet of carrier material formed from cutting the carrier material continues on the same or similar path and direction as the carrier material being cut. The second continuous sheet of carrier material is guided by the guide means to be positioned in contact with the gel, which has been dispensed on the first continuous sheet of carrier material. Preferably the sheet of carrier material is cut longitudinally in the convey direction of the sheet before gel is dispensed onto the first continuous sheet of carrier material. Cutting the sheet of source carrier material before dispensing the gel reduces the risk of gel contacting the cutting means, for example a cutter. It also reduces the risk of dust from the cutting means contacting the gel or the nozzles of the gel. Preferably there is a distance between the cutting stage and the gel dispensing stage in order to prevent dust generated on the cutting stage from interfering with the gel dispensing. If the aerosol-generating material is cut into more than two sections or sheets of carrier material, each section or sheet may be used or moved away in a similar way as explained for the first or second continuous sheet of carrier material. One cutting means may supply the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material for a number of apparatuses to manufacture composite aerosol-generating material. The composite aerosol-generating material is then gathered together to produce an aerosol-generating rod. The sheet cutting means may have a dust protection means, for example, a vacuum source to collect dust from the cutter. Having a dust protection means may allow a shorter distance between the cutter and the gel application stage and thus a faster production of the composite aerosol-generating material and subsequent aerosol-generating rods. The sequence of cutting and dispensing gel is not essential for implementation of the invention, and in principle each stage of cutting and dispensing gel could happen before, or after the other or at the same time, depending on the embodiment. In some embodiments of the present invention, the gel is dispensed by a gel dispensing means comprising at least one nozzle. Using nozzles aids accurate dispensing of the gel both for the amount of the gel dispensed and for the positioning of the gel dispensed. In some embodiments, in combination with other steps, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of: adjusting the gel output by a control system. A control system may aid to accurately dispense the gel both for the amount of the gel dispensed and for the position of the gel dispensed. The dispensing means of the gel may have a number of nozzles creating a number of gel strips on the first continuous sheet of carrier material. In some embodiments, not all nozzles will dispense gel at the same time. Alternatively, in some embodiments all of the nozzles may dispense gel at the same time. The control system may also record the dispensing of the gel, including both the amount of gel dispensed and the position of gel dispensed, so that the total amount of any ingredient in the gel can be calculated and tracked. The gel dispensing means, for example, a dispenser, may also have a temperature control system to control the temperature of the gel. Ideally, the gel dispensing means comprising a heater or thermic sensor or both. Preferably such systems would also comprise a feedback loop to process the information. The system may make any necessary change, for example, to the heat required or to the dispensing rate of gel. Typically increasing the temperature lowers the viscosity of the gel and it would be easier or quicker to dispense. Some gels may require temperatures for optimal dispensing and storage. Having the gel at the required temperature before reaching the nozzles may aid consistent dispensing of the gel. The heater may be a resistance heater, although any suitable heater may be used. The dispensing means, for example a dispenser, may also comprise a cooling means, for example a cooler. The cooling means may aid setting of the gel, once the gel is in the correct position. And thus, the risk of leakage is reduced. Alternatively, or in addition, the cooling means, depending on the type of gel used, may aid holding the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material together. In some examples, the cooling means decreases the viscosity of the gel so that it remains in the same position once set. In other examples, the cooling means speeds up the setting of the gel. The gel dispensing means may also comprise one or more of: flowmeters, pumps and actuated faucets, allowing fine adjustments to the flow of gel being dispensed. This has the advantage of being able to make fine adjustments to keep the gel flow consistent. This is important as the gel may change over time during the manufacture process. Many factors, for example, humidity and ambient temperature, as well as different variants in the supplied gel may lead a change on the gel. In preferred embodiments each nozzle has a flowmeter and an actuated faucet allowing independent adjustment of the flow of gel dispensing from the nozzle. In some embodiments the nozzles used to dispense gel onto the first continuous sheet of carrier material dispenses the same type of gel on each sheet of carrier material. Alternatively, the nozzles dispensing gel onto the first continuous sheet of carrier material may dispense different types of gel. For example, in some embodiments when the nozzles dispense different types of gel, one or more nozzles may dispense a flavor containing gel. Alternatively, one or more nozzles may dispense a nicotine containing gel. Alternatively, one or more nozzles may dispense a glycerin containing gel. Alternatively, one or more nozzles may dispense a propylene glycol containing gel. Alternatively, one or more nozzles may dispense any combination of the types of gel mentioned. Having different nozzles for different types of gel allows fine adjustment and varying adjustments of the ingredient of the gel. For example, more flavor may be required for a different final product, or a particular ingredient is preferred in a particular position on the sheet of aerosol-generating material.
In preferred embodiments the gel dispensing means dispenses gel on the same side of the first continuous sheet of carrier material. Preferably this is the top side of the sheet so that due to the gravity, the dispensed gel may readily rest and be secured on the sheet of carrier material for transportation to the subsequent manufacturing step.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of non-uniformly dispensing gel to one surface of a first continuous sheet of carrier material.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of dispensing a greater amount of gel to a central region proximal to the longitudinal axis of a first continuous sheet of carrier material relative to the amount of gel dispensed to a lateral region, distal to the longitudinal axis of the first continuous sheet of carrier material.
In some embodiments the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material, further comprises the step of dispensing at least 10 percent more gel mass to the central region proximal to the longitudinal axis of a first continuous sheet of carrier material relative to the mass dispensed to a lateral region distal to the longitudinal axis of the first continuous sheet of carrier material. Alternatively, the method may comprise the step of dispensing at least 15 percent more gel mass to the central region. In other embodiments, the method comprises dispensed at least 20 percent more gel mass to the central region, or at least 25 percent more gel mass to the central region.
Controlling the amount of gel and the gel position on the first or second continuous sheet of carrier material or in the composite aerosol-generating material may reduce the risk of leakage of the gel from the composite aerosol-generating material. The avoidance of gel leakage may also assist in a uniform manufacture of the composite aerosol-generating material and thus ensure the performance uniformity on the final manufactured products.
In certain embodiments, the method of manufacturing of a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of providing a continuous band of susceptor material. Preferably the method of manufacturing of a composite aerosol-generating material comprises positioning the continuous band of susceptor material to the gel. Preferably the continuous band of susceptor material is positioned to the gel after the gel is dispensed onto a first continuous sheet of carrier material. In certain embodiments the composite aerosol-generating material comprises a susceptor material. The susceptor material allows heating by induction heating. When the susceptor material is located in an electromagnetic field, eddy currents are induced, and hysteresis losses occur in the susceptor material causing heating of the susceptor material. In embodiments where the susceptor material is located in thermal contact or close thermal proximity with the aerosol-generating material or the gel, the aerosol-generating material or gel is heated. On heating the aerosol-generating material or gel may assist in the release or generation of aerosols. Preferably, the susceptor material is in direct physical contact with the gel. Although in alternative embodiments the susceptor material may be positioned between sheets of carrier material without direct physical contacting with gel.
The susceptor may be formed from any material that can be inductively heated to a temperature sufficient to generate or release an aerosol, for example, from the gel or aerosol-generating material, or carrier material carrying an aerosol-generating substrate, or gel. In some embodiments the susceptor comprises carbon. A preferred susceptor may comprise or consist of a ferromagnetic material, for example a ferromagnetic alloy, ferritic iron, or a ferromagnetic steel or stainless steel. A preferred susceptor materials comprise metal, for example, aluminium. Preferred susceptors may be heated to a temperature in excess of 50 degrees Celsius. More preferably susceptors may be heated to a temperature between about 40 degree Celsius and about 500 degree Celsius, in particular between about 50 degree Celsius and about 450 degree Celsius, preferably between about 100 degree Celsius and about 400 degree Celsius. The susceptor may also comprise a non-metallic core with a metal layer disposed on the non-metallic core, for example metallic tracks formed on a surface of a ceramic core.
The susceptor may comprise a protective external layer, for example a protective ceramic layer or protective glass layer encapsulating the susceptor. The susceptor may comprise a protective coating formed by a glass, a ceramic, or an inert metal, formed over a core of susceptor material.
The susceptor may be a multi-material susceptor. In particular, the susceptor may comprise a first susceptor material and a second susceptor material. The first susceptor material preferably is optimized with regard to heat loss and thus heating efficiency. For example, the first susceptor material may be aluminum, or a ferrous material such as a stainless steel. In contrast, the second susceptor material preferably is used as temperature marker. For this, the second susceptor material is chosen such as to have a Curie temperature corresponding to a predefined heating temperature of the susceptor assembly. At its Curie temperature, the magnetic properties of the second susceptor change from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic, accompanied by a temporary change of its electrical resistance. Thus, by monitoring a corresponding change of the electrical current absorbed by the induction source it can be detected when the second susceptor material has reached its Curie temperature and, thus, when the predefined heating temperature has been reached. The second susceptor material preferably has a Curie temperature that is below the ignition point of the aerosol-forming substrate, that is, preferably lower than 500 degree Celsius. Suitable materials for the second susceptor material may include nickel and certain nickel alloys. Nickel has a Curie temperature in the range of about 354 degree Celsius to 360 degree Celsius depending on the nature of impurities. A Curie temperature in this range is ideal because it is approximately the same as the temperature that the susceptor should be heated to in order to generate an aerosol from an aerosol-forming substrate, but still low enough to avoid local overheating or burning of the aerosol-forming substrate.
If the susceptor has the form of a strip, in particular a blade, a plate, a sheet, a band, or a foil, the susceptor preferably has a substantially rectangular cross-section. In this case, the susceptor preferably has a width dimension that is greater than a thickness dimension, for example greater than twice a thickness dimension. Advantageously, a strip-shaped susceptor has a width preferably between about 2 millimeters and about 8 millimeters, more preferably, between about 3 millimeters and about 5 millimeters, and a thickness preferably between about 0.03 millimeters and about 0.15 millimeters, more preferably between about 0.05 millimeters and about 0.09 millimeters.
In specific embodiments, the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the steps of repeating the steps of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material and layering the composite aerosol-generating material one on top of the other. The composite aerosol-generating material may therefore comprise multiple layers, creating a multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material. The respective component layers of the composite aerosol-generating material may be same or different in respect of their composition or structure. A number of combinations could be made using different composite aerosol-generating materials, and additionally, in some embodiments, different carrier layers, to make up the final composite aerosol-generating material. This allows many different composite aerosol-generating materials to be manufactured, potentially with many different aerosol qualities and characteristics. In specific embodiments the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material comprises the step of layering one composite aerosol-generating material on top of another composite aerosol-generating material. In certain embodiments the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material comprises the steps of layering one composite aerosol-generating material on top of another and inserting a susceptor material between the two layers of composite aerosol-generating material. The composite aerosol-generating materials or multi-layered composite material can be gathered up and preferably wrapped to form a composite aerosol-generating rod.
In specific embodiments, the apparatus or method of manufacture further comprises a layering system. The layering system is able to layer composite aerosol-generating materials preferably one on top of the other. The description and given examples only exemplarily refer to a vertical orientation of top and bottom with composite aerosol-generating materials on top of one another, but other embodiments with other orientations having the composite aerosol-generating material next to each other may work and are included in the scope of the disclosure herein. In preferred embodiments the composite aerosol-generating materials are stacked such that the top and bottom surfaces of the stacking layers of the composite aerosol-generating materials are without gel. In these specific embodiments the outer facing sides of the individual composite aerosol-generating materials are preferably without gel.
In some embodiments the susceptor is positioned between layers of composite aerosol-generating material. In embodiments where there is no gel between layers of composite aerosol-generating material (meaning no gel on the outside surfaces of the composite aerosol-generating) and a susceptor is positioned between the outer sides of layers of composite aerosol-generating material, then the susceptor may not be adjacent to gel. However, the susceptor may still be able to heat the gel through the layers of composite aerosol-generating material. Advantageously, having the susceptor between the outer surfaces of the composite aerosol-generating material is easy to manufacture. In alternative embodiments gel may be positioned or dispensed on the outer surface of the layers of composite aerosol-generating material and thus in these embodiments the susceptor is adjacent to gel, when a susceptor is positioned between the outer surfaces of composite aerosol-generating material.
Other embodiments may have gel between the composite aerosol-generating material, but ideally would be without gel on outer surfaces that are not next to another composite aerosol-generating material. Preferably the gel is only on inner surfaces and thus any outer surfaces are without gel. Advantageously, this avoids gel contamination by reducing the risk of gel making contact with the wrapping material, or contacting surfaces in the machinery, such as guide means, for example a guide, for positioning the sheet and the funnel-shaped device for gathering the sheet into a continuous cylindrical rod.
In specific embodiments, the layering system comprises at least one lateral moving system. Such lateral moving system may move one material, for example, one sheet of carrier material or a composite aerosol-generating material from a side to above (or below) or parallel to another material, for example another sheet of carrier material or composite aerosol-generating material. The manufacturing process, or apparatus, or layering system may have a number of lateral moving systems. Typically, the number of lateral moving systems in an apparatus, or a layering system or a manufacturing process is equal to the number of sections minus one. Ideally each lateral moving system takes care of one different source section. For instance, if the carrier material is cut into two parts to form the first sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material there is one lateral moving system moving one sheet, for example, the second continuous sheet of carrier material above (or below) the other. Preferably the lateral moving system(s) put all the materials, for example, sheets of carrier material composite aerosol-generating material, in a vertical pile, one above another. As explained other orientations in other embodiments are possible.
In some preferred embodiments the method of manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material further comprises the step of pressing the composite aerosol-generating material in a direction perpendicular to its planar surface. In a vertical stack of layers of composite aerosol-generating material, for example, the pressure from the pressing system is exerted along the height of the stack. Different pressure can be exerted on the stack of material. The pressing system may have a changeable pressure force exertion depending on the desired effect or the size of stacked materials. In specific embodiments, the apparatus for manufacture or the manufacturing system comprises two pressing rollers that work together to exert a pressure force when a composite aerosol-generating material is passed through the rollers. In specific embodiments the apparatus for manufacture or the manufacturing system comprises one pressing roller. Ideally the pressure of the pressing system is high enough for the material to adhere to the gel strips but low enough not to cause structural damage on the sheet. Ideally the gel strips are not pressed to a point where there is no air path between the continuous sheets of carrier material or the layers of composite aerosol-generating material.
The present invention further provides a composite aerosol-generating material comprising: a first sheet of carrier material; a second sheet of carrier; and gel wherein the gel is disposed between the first sheet of carrier material and the second sheet of carrier material.
In preferred embodiments, the composite aerosol-generating material further comprises a susceptor material positioned between the first sheet of carrier material and the second sheet of carrier material. The susceptor material allows heating by induction heating. When the susceptor material is located in an electromagnetic field, eddy currents are induced, and hysteresis losses occur in the susceptor material causing heating of the susceptor material.
In the manufacture of the composite aerosol-generating material, the first sheet of carrier material and the second sheet of carrier material are preferably continuous sheets. However, the continuous sheets may be cut to specific length as required, and thus no longer continuous.
In preferred embodiments the gel comprises one or more of a flavour, an active agent, a plasticizer, a humectant, nicotine, glycerine, or propylene glycol.
In preferred embodiments the sheet of carrier material comprises tobacco material.
The present invention also relates to a composite aerosol-generating rod comprising a composite aerosol-generating material as herein described or as manufactured by the steps as herein described.
An apparatus for manufacturing a composite aerosol-generating material for use in an aerosol-generating rod comprising: means to supply a first continuous sheet of carrier material; means to dispense gel to a surface of the first continuous sheet of carrier material; a layering system for providing and positioning a second continuous sheet of carrier material to the gel to form a composite aerosol-generating material.
An example of a means to supply is a supply apparatus.
In specific embodiments, in combination with other features, the apparatus further comprises a cutter located upstream of the layering system to cut a sheet of a source carrier material along the longitudinal axis of the sheet of the source carrier material to form the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material.
In specific embodiments, in combination with other features the apparatus further comprises a folding means, for example, a folder, adapted to fold at least a portion of a sheet of a source carrier material along the longitudinal axis of the sheet of the source carrier material to form the first continuous sheet of carrier material and the second continuous sheet of carrier material.
In specific embodiments, in combination with other features, the apparatus further comprises a crimping system. Preferably the crimping system is positioned upstream of the gel dispensing and layering system.
The first continuous sheet of carrier material, or the second continuous sheet of carrier material, or both the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material, may be crimped. Where the composite aerosol-generating material is multi-layered any combination of crimped and non-crimped sheets of carrier material may be used to make up the multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material.
The present invention also discloses an apparatus that further comprises a layering means configured to layer the composite materials to form a multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material. This could be layering the same composite aerosol-generating material upon itself or layering different composite aerosol-generating material one on top of another. An example of a layering means is an apparatus for layering.
In specific embodiments the apparatus further comprises a pressing system, wherein the composite aerosol-generating material or multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material, or both, is pressed by at least one pressing roller. In preferred embodiments the apparatus further comprises a means for gathering the composite aerosol-generating material or the multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material, or both. In preferred embodiments the apparatus further comprises a means for wrapping the composite aerosol-generating material or multilayered composite aerosol-generating material, after it has been gathered. The wrapping means enables the composite aerosol-generating material to be cut into aerosol-generating rods. In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a cutter to cut the continuous length of wrapped composite aerosol-generating material to desired lengths. Thus, the wrapped composite aerosol-generating material can be transported easily in the process of manufacture. The apparatus of the present invention may comprise any feature as described herein for the manufacturing of the composite aerosol-generating material, for example the gel dispensing means, nozzles, control means, guides, rollers, pressing system or any combination thereof.
In specific embodiments the sheet of carrier material comprises porous material. In specific embodiments the sheet of carrier material may consist of porous material. The porous material has the advantage that the material can hold the gel securely. Advantageously a carrier material that is porous may securely hold the gel to a greater extent than a non-porous carrier material. The pores of a porous material are able to absorb the gel and therefore lead the gel easily rested and quickly adhered on the sheet of porous carrier material. The porous material can strongly secure gel on the surface of the carrier sheet by absorption through its pores. Thus, a porous material can prevent movement of the gel adjacent to the porous material. The porous material used in the present invention assists in reducing leakages of gel from the composite aerosol-generating material. Composite aerosol-generating material made from porous assists in reducing leakages of gel, thus reduces contamination of machinery parts during production, for example, reducing the contamination of the cutting blade of a cutter, when the continuous length of wrapped composite aerosol-generating material is to be cut into desired lengths.
The porous material may be any suitable porous material able to hold or retain the gel. Ideally the porous material can allow the gel to move within it. In specific embodiments the porous material comprises natural materials, synthetic, or semi-synthetic, or a combination of the mentioned materials. In specific embodiments the porous material, comprises sheet material, foam, or fibres, for example loose fibres; or a combination thereof. In specific embodiments the porous material, comprises a woven, non-woven, or extruded material, or combinations thereof. Preferably the porous material, comprises, for example, cotton, paper, viscose, PLA, or cellulose acetate, of combinations thereof. Preferably the porous material comprises a sheet material, for example, cotton or cellulose acetate. Advantages of a porous material is that the gel is retained within the porous material, and this may aid manufacturing, storage or transport of the gel. It may assist in keeping the desired shape of the gel, especially during manufacture, transport, or use. The porous material used in the present invention may be crimped or shredded. In specific embodiments the porous material comprises crimped porous material.
In some embodiments the gel is at least partly absorbed into the porous material. In a sandwich arrangement of the present invention using two porous carrier materials has the advantage that two porous materials are holding the gel in place thus giving improved or greater securing of the gel, in comparison to using only one porous material. Thus, using two porous material in a sandwich type arrangement according to the present invention is advantageous to offer improved retention of gel. Improved retention of gel allows improved control of dispensing the gel and less waste, due to less movement of gel and leakage. The gel can be accurately positioned with reduced movement or loss of the gel and the additives or materials in the gel. Thus, improved control of dosage of gel and additives in the gel can be achieved. Less leakage of gel also gives less contamination of machinery and therefore less down-time in production to clean or repair machinery.
In specific embodiments the carrier material comprises an aerosol-generating material. The carrier material may comprise for example, tobacco, tobacco material, powder tobacco, tobacco stems, nicotine, tobacco leaf or cast leaf tobacco, or any combination of the mentioned aerosol-generating materials. An aerosol-generating material may also be a porous material with advantageous of holding gel. In specific embodiments the carrier material may comprise an aerosol-generating material and the gel may also comprise an aerosol-generating substrate. In alternative embodiments either the gel or the carrier material may comprise an aerosol-generating substrate.
In combination with specific embodiments the gel comprises a gelling agent. In specific embodiments the gel comprises agar or agarose or sodium alginate or Gellan gum, or a mixture thereof.
In specific embodiments the gel comprises water, for example, the gel is a hydrogel. Alternatively, in specific embodiments the gel is non-aqueous.
Preferably the gel comprises an active agent. In combination with specific embodiments the active agent comprises nicotine. In specific embodiments, the nicotine is included in the gel with an aerosol-former for the desired nicotine delivery. Locking the nicotine into a gel at room temperature is desirable to prevent leakage.
In specific embodiments, the gel comprises a solid tobacco material that releases flavour compounds when heated. Depending on the specific embodiments the solid tobacco material is, for example, one or more of: powder, granules, pellets, shreds, spaghettis, strips or sheets containing one or more of: plant material, such as herb leaf, tobacco leaf, fragments of tobacco ribs, reconstituted tobacco, homogenised tobacco, extruded tobacco and expanded tobacco.
The gel may include any suitable gelling agent. For example, the gelling agent may include one or more biopolymers, such as two or three biopolymers. Preferably, where the gel includes more than one biopolymer, the biopolymers are present in substantially equal weights. The biopolymers may be formed of polysaccharides. Biopolymers suitable as gelling agents include, for example, gellan gums (native, low acyl gellan gum, high acyl gellan gums with low acyl gellan gum being preferred), xanthan gum, alginates (alginic acid), agar, guar gum, and the like. Preferably, the gel comprises agar. Preferably the gel only comprises a single gelling agent. Preferably, this single gelling agent is agar or guar.
As used herein, the term “aerosol-generating article” is used to describe an article able to generate, or release, an aerosol.
As used herein, the term “aerosol-generating device” is a device to be used with an aerosol-generating article to enable the generation of an aerosol, typically from the aerosol-generating article. Often the aerosol-generating device will comprise a heater.
As used herein, the term “aerosol-generating material” is used to describe a material that assists in, or is capable, of generating an aerosol, for example, cast tobacco leaf. The term also includes a material that assists in the release of aerosols from an aerosol-generating substrate, such as an aerosol former.
As used herein, the term “aerosol-generating substrate” is used to describe a substrate that is capable of generating an aerosol, for example cast leaf tobacco or nicotine.
As used herein, the term “carrier material” is used to describe a material that assists in, or is capable, of carrying, storing or supporting an element. In the present invention this includes carrying a gel. Especially when the gel comprises an aerosol-generating substrate. The term “carrier” also includes an aerosol-generating material, tobacco, cotton, or any material that can carry an aerosol-generating substance, for example a gel. For example, the aerosol-generating material can absorb the gel and/or is not destroyed by the gel.
As used herein, the term “composite aerosol-generating material” is used to describe a material comprising two or more elements, wherein at least one element comprises an aerosol-generating substrate or aerosol-generating material. The composite aerosol-generating material need not have two or all elements to be aerosol-generating.
As used herein, the term “crimped” denotes a material having a plurality of substantially parallel ridges or corrugations. It also includes the process of making a material crimped. The ridges may be longitudinal, transverse, angular, straight, waved, continuous, interrupted or any combination thereof. Longitudinal ridges are preferred as they will improve the formation of flow channels extending over substantially whole length of the sheet once the sheet is gathered. Moreover, in comparison to uncrimped or otherwise crimped sheets, the longitudinal ridges formed by crimping will also help obtain aa homogeneous distribution of flow channels on a cross section of the formed aerosol-generating rod, because crimping helps air flow channel formed at pre-defined location and ensures that each air flow channel has a relatively similar cross section size. Therefore, a relatively consistent resistance to draw (RTD) for the aerosol-generating rod can be achieved.
For purposes of the present disclosure, as used herein the term “diameter” or “width” is a maximum transverse dimension of the composite aerosol-generating material or first and second continuous sheets of carrier material, a portion or a part thereof, the aerosol-generating article or aerosol-generating device. By way of example, the “diameter” is a diameter of an object having a circular transverse section or is the length of the diagonal width of an objection having a rectangular cross section.
As used herein, the term “gathered” is used to describe a sheet that is convoluted, folded, or otherwise compressed or constricted substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the composite aerosol-generating material; or first or second continuous sheets of carrier material; or composite aerosol-generating material.
As used herein, the term “gel” is used to describe a solid jelly-like semi-rigid material or mixture of materials, with a three-dimensional network able to hold other materials and capable of releasing materials into an aerosol.
As used herein, the term “longitudinal” is used to describe the direction between the downstream or proximal end and opposed upstream or distal end of the aerosol-generating article or the aerosol-generating material; or the composite aerosol-generating material; or the sheets of carrier material
As used herein, the term “outer” with reference to the sheet of carrier material, is used to describe a portion that is more towards the longitudinal sides of the sheet of carrier material than the middle of the cross-section portion of the sheet of carrier material. Similarly, the term “inner” or “central” is used to describe (with reference to the sheets of carrier material), a portion of the material that is more central of the cross-section portion, than near to the longitudinal sides of the sheets of carrier material.
As used herein, the term “plasticizer” is used to describe a substance, typically a solvent, added to produce or promote plasticity or flexibility, and to reduce brittleness.
As used herein the term “rod” is used to describe a component, segment or element, for use in an aerosol-generating article. A “continuous rod” is a precursor to a rod, before cutting to a desired length.
The term “porous material” as used herein, is used to describe any material capable of holding, retaining or supporting gel. Typically, the porous medium will have passages within its structure that can be filled to retain or hold fluid or semi-solids for example to retain gel. Preferably the gel will also be able to pass, or transfer, along and through the passages within the porous material (to some degree).
As used herein, the term “susceptor” is used to describe an element comprising a material that is capable of being inductively heated within an alternating electromagnetic field. This may be the result of at least one of hysteresis losses and eddy currents induced in the susceptor, depending on the electrical and magnetic properties of the susceptor material. Hysteresis losses occur in ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic susceptors due to magnetic domains within the material being switched under the influence of an alternating electromagnetic field. Eddy currents may be induced if the susceptor is electrically conductive. In case of an electrically conductive ferromagnetic susceptor or an electrically conductive ferrimagnetic susceptor, heat can be generated due to both, eddy currents and hysteresis losses. Accordingly, the susceptor may comprise a material which is at least one of electrically conductive and magnetic.
As used herein, the term “Resistance to Draw” (RTD), is used to describe the resistance for fluid, for example gas, to be drawn through a material. As used herein, resistance to draw is expressed and is measured in accordance with ISO 6565:2002.
As used herein the term “sheet” or “sheet material” is used to describe a generally planar, laminar element in which its width and length are substantially greater than its thickness.
Any of the features or steps described herein in relation to one embodiment, aspect or example, of the composite aerosol-generating material, multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material or the aerosol-generating rod or the manufacture (including the apparatus) thereof of any, may be equally applicable to any other embodiment, aspect or example of any of the composite aerosol-generating material, multi-layered composite aerosol-generating material, the aerosol-generating article or the aerosol-generating rod, their method of manufacture or the apparatus to manufacture.
Reference will now be made to the drawings, which depict one or more aspects described in this disclosure. However, it will be understood that other aspects not depicted in the drawings fall within the scope of this disclosure. Like numbers used in the figures refer to like components, steps and the like. However, it will be understood that the use of a number to refer to a component in a given figure is not intended to limit the component in another figure labeled with the same number. In addition, the use of different numbers to refer to components in different figures is not intended to indicate that the different numbered components cannot be the same or similar to other numbered components. The figures are presented for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Schematic drawings presented in the figures are not necessarily to scale.
The inline knife 20 has a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sheet of source carrier material 12 so that the sharp edges of the knife 20 points towards the incoming sheet of source carrier material 12. The sheet of source carrier material 12 is cut by the knife 20 into two sections 22A, 22B along the cutting line 24. In certain embodiments, the sheet of source carrier material 12 is cut along its longitudinal axis such that both the first section 22A and the second section 22B have the same width. In other embodiments, the sheet of source carrier material 12 is cut along a cutting line 24 offset from the longitudinal axis so that the first section 22A has a greater width relative to the second section 22B, or so that the second section 22B has a greater width relative to the first section 22A. In other examples, the sheet of source carrier material 12 is cut into more than two sections 22A, 22B, for example using more than one cutter 20, or using the same cutter 20. The cutting process typically produces dust, so in some embodiments, the cutting system 10 also comprises dust protection in the cutting system 10. For example, the dust protection takes the form of an air aspiration system (not shown) so that the dust produced is at least partially evacuated in a controller manner. By including dust protection, a higher proportion of dust is prevented from contacting the gel 144 (see
In some examples, the quantity of gel 144 applied per strip and per dispensing system is computed so that during the layering process and the pressing process (both as will be described), the gel 144 does not spread beyond the surface of the section 122 of the first continuous sheet of carrier material. This prevents the gel 144 from contacting (and therefore contaminating) the inner surface of the funnel shaped device 490 (see
In some examples, the gel dispensing system 100 includes a temperature control system (not shown) having a heater (not shown) and thermic sensor (not shown) coupled through a feedback loop. The temperature control system heats up the gel 144 and controls its temperature to remain within a target range of temperatures before reaching the gel dispensing station(s) 140. Optionally, the gel dispenser station 140 additionally comprises, such as, flowmeters, pumps or actuated faucets (not shown) which allow the flow of each nozzle 142 to be independently adjustable, or alternatively or in addition, which allow the type of gel 144 to be delivered by different nozzles 142, for example on different positions of section 122 of the first continuous sheet of carrier. This is particularly advantageous because it facilitates different amounts of gel 144 to be applied, and thus facilitates different composite aerosol-generating materials to be manufactured. The amount of gel 144 dispensed can be varied by altering, for example the flow rate of the nozzle or the length of time the gel 144 is dispensed from the nozzle. In certain embodiments, the variation of the amount of gel 144 can be altered for each nozzle independently. This also enables the flow of gel 144 from each nozzle 142 to be adjusted depending on the position of the nozzle 142, for example a nozzle 142 located near the longitudinal axis of the section 122 of the first continuous sheet of carrier material is adapted to dispense a greater amount of gel 144 relative to the amount dispensed by a nozzle 142 near the edges of the section 122 of the first continuous sheet of carrier material in order to prevent the spread of gel 144 beyond the surface of the section 122 of the first continuous carrier material during the pressing process. The flow rate of gel 144 dispensed, the duration of time gel 144 is dispensed, or the pattern formed by the gel 144 dispensed is altered in different examples. It should be appreciated that the sequence of the cutting step (of the source carrier material 12) and the gel application step is not relevant. The cutting step of the source carrier material 12 preferably takes place before the gel dispensing step, but in certain embodiments, the cutting step takes place after the gel dispensing step, or at the same time as the gel application step.
As best seen in
In certain embodiments, the layering system also includes a pressing system having two pressing rollers 358 where the second continuous sheet of carrier material 322A and the first continuous sheet of carrier material 322B additionally pass through. When the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material 322B, 322A are transported through the pressing rollers 358, the pressure applied by the pressing rollers 358 allows the second continuous sheet of carrier material 322A, the first continuous sheet of carrier material 322B and the interposing gel 344 to adhere together. The pressure is computed to be high enough to facilitate adhesion of the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material 322B, 322A and gel 344, but low enough so that the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material 322B, 322A are not structurally damaged, and further so that the gel strips 344 are not pressed to a point where there is no air path between the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material 322B, 322A. In such instance, the first and second continuous sheets of carrier material 322B, 322A with gel 344 would create an air tight block without aerosol or air flowing through, which in some instances would affect resistance to draw properties. In certain embodiments, the positioning rollers 356 take the form of a single positioning roller acting on a surface. In certain embodiments the pressing rollers 358 take the form of a single pressing roller acting on a surface.
The composite aerosol-generating material 630 is produced using the layering system 450 as described hereinbefore with reference to
The composite aerosol-generating material 630 is manufactured by an apparatus (not shown) having a means to supply a first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A. In one embodiment, the means to supply the first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A is a bobbin (not shown). The apparatus has a nozzle that dispenses gel 644 onto the surface of the first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A, and a layering system that provides and positions a second continuous sheet of carrier material 622B onto the gel 644 to form a composite aerosol-generating material 630. In another embodiment, the first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A is supplied by a cutter. The cutter is located upstream of the layering system. The cutter cuts the sheet of a source of carrier material along its longitudinal axis to form the first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A and the second continuous sheet of carrier material 622B. Additionally, in some examples, the apparatus further comprises a folding means that folds a portion of a sheet of source carrier material along its longitudinal axis to form the first continuous sheet of carrier material 622A and the second continuous sheet of carrier material 622B.
The composite aerosol-generating material 730 is produced using the layering system 450 as described hereinbefore with reference to
All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified. The definitions provided herein are to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including, alternatively or in addition, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
As used herein, “have”, “having”, “include”, “including”, “comprise”, “comprising” or the like are used in their open-ended sense, and generally mean “including, but not limited to”. It will be understood that “consisting essentially of”, “consisting of”, and the like are subsumed in “comprising,” and the like.
The words “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and, is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the disclosure, including the claims.
Any direction referred to herein, such as “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “upper,” “lower,” and other directions or orientations are described herein for clarity and brevity are not intended to be limiting of an actual device or system. Devices and systems described herein may be used in a number of directions and orientations.
The embodiments exemplified above are not limiting. Other embodiments consistent with the embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19199287.4 | Sep 2019 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/075903 | 9/16/2020 | WO |
