The present invention relates to heat or cold energy sources for heating or cooling a body to be heated or cooled thereby and more specifically to a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient thermal source transfer assembly including down sheet insulating material and wherein the thermal source has a limited supply of thermal energy to be transferred against a body intended to receive the thermal energy.
It is known to fabricate articles of warmth such as jackets, sleeping bags, blankets and other articles with electrically conductive heating circuits integrated into a support material which is fasten to a fabric layer of the article to generate warmth. Such electrical heating circuits are secured to an ac or dc battery supply source. A controller device regulates the power supply to the heating circuit to control the heat generated to the article of warmth to provide comfort to a user person. It is also known to provide cooling pads in which is contained a gel pack which can be refrigerated to absorb cold and to release the cold when the pad is applied against a surface to be cooled. Such pads have many applications, such as in medical use or simply to provide a cool temperature to a person or any article requiring to be cooled. There are numerous other applications for such heating and cooling elements such as in industrial, commercial or leisure applications. Because of its variety of uses, such heating or cooling elements need to be fabricated differently to adapt to their intended use.
Several electrical wire thermal energy conductive material layers are known but these have proven to be bulky and difficult to integrate into articles of warmth and specially due to the fact that a battery supply and regulator device also needs to be integrated with the article of warmth. With the advent of new battery technology the size and weight of batteries has been greatly reduced but these batteries still have the disadvantage of having a short dc supply span and often require recharging. Accordingly, the heating time is dependent on the supply time of the batteries. In creasing the number of batteries also translates in other problems such a weight and storage and failures. Batteries are also expensive and prone to leakage.
Various types of heating elements have been developed to overcome some of these disadvantages and dependent on their intended use. One example is the use of conductive threads embroidered or knitted into patterns to provide localized heat for articles of apparel. Such heating materials are more expensive and have limited applications. It is also known to use thin flexible metal sheets, such as aluminum foils, but these have also proven costly. Thin film heaters are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,617,592 which describes a method and apparatus for the manufacture of thin film heaters and discusses the shortcomings of the prior art foil base film heater designs.
Conductive heating layers formed from conventional conductive ink composition s are also known but these have also proven to be costly depending on their compositions, such as the use of precious metals such as silver, which has excellent conductive heating properties. These conductive inks can be printed directly on an element to be heated and can resist flexion, for example when use to heat the seat of a vehicle. Because conductive ink is absorptive, it can be absorbed into an article to be heated and therefore requires additional coatings to form the conductive circuit and this can result in poor heating due to the fact that the layers may not be of uniform thickness. Also known in the art are conductive paints applied on fabric sheets. The problem with such paints is that they are subject to cracking and can therefore cannot be used on flexible applications where the material can be subject to folding and stretching. Such paints also decompose over tie due to their composition of chemicals.
Various types of non-electrically driven cooling elements are also known for use in cooling objects such as perishable meats, vegetables, pharmaceuticals or many other consumer items requiring cooling. Such cooling pads are also used for medical or non-medical applications by user persons for placement at an intended area of the body. A well-known type is the gel pack uses a cooling pouch containing a superabsorbent polymer having a liquid which swells when refrigerated by absorbing cold temperatures. These cooling gels also quickly absorb heat when placed against a surface or materials of warmer temperature and which required cooling. U.S. Pat. No. 10,172,739 issued Jan. 8, 2019 discloses a cooling or heating pad for placement at an intended area of the body. The pad is formed of a layer of highly conductive material which can be cooled or heated using a portable source of heat or cold material delivered to the conductive material by a delivery conduit. Such pads also require a thermal energy supply source for provide the heat or old energy to the pad and the material is highly conductive.
A problem with the above mentioned thermal energy conductive materials which are of the portable type, ie. the type requiring a portable power supply or an independent non-portable supply source to obtain its stored energy is that their supply of thermal energy is short lived due to the limitation of their portable power source or their construction whereby thermal energy is not efficiently utilized and lost to the environment. The construction of many of these thermal energy conductive materials is that they dispense of their energy quickly and in a non-controlled manner from all surfaces of its containment. They also lack in flexibility. There is therefore a need to improve on the construction and efficiency of thermal energy transfer of thermal energy conductive materials having a limited supply of thermal energy to be released for an intended use. These limited sources of thermal energy need to be encapsulated for directing their energy only in areas where it will provide benefit of the energy. By doing so waste energy is minimize and the source of the thermal energy will last longer. There is also a need to provide a more uniform distribution of the energy against an intended body to be heated or cooled.
It is well known in the art that down is the most efficient natural product that provides maximum warmth with minimal weight and can retain thermal energy longer than any other insulating products. Down is a fluffy material formed of clusters that trap air molecules in small pockets which create a thermal barrier. The clusters have tiny hairs that criss-cross in all directions and there are up to two million filaments for every ounce of down, and this structure can be compressed to be packed into very small spaces and then released to assume its natural loft. Down insulating material can breathe due to the air captured therein by the clusters. Duck, geese or swan are the only birds that can live in cold and tropical climates and its down provides heat in the winter time and coolness in the summer time.
In my U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,041 here is described the construction of a down feather sheet wherein the down is mixed with a binder to form a substantially homogeneous sheet for use as a thermal insulator. Being a homogeneous sheet of down it can provide a constant insulation factor throughout the sheet for the reason that there is no longer a need to secure the down from moving by forming stitch lines throughout the down sheet to maintain the down. Stitching lines or seams create cold spots due to the fact that there is no insulation in the area of the stitch seams. In my U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,380,893 and 10,390,637, I describe a new form of down feather sheet which has multi-directional stretchability. Accordingly, the down sheet stretches along with the material that it is secured to.
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source transfer assembly which substantially overcomes many of the disadvantages of the above examples of the discussed prior art.
A further feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly, of the portable type, having minimal thermal energy loss and efficient energy transition to a surface area of a body intended to receive the thermal energy from the thermal energy source.
A further feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly wherein the thermal energy source is contained between a down feather sheet material or between two down feather sheets which reduces thermal energy loss from the energy source and improves on thermal energy containment and transfer to prolong the use of the thermal energy source.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly for use in an article of warmth wherein to provide heat from the source more efficiently and transitioned to a an area of a person's body intended to receive the thermal energy while substantially preventing heat loss to the environment.
A still further feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly formed of a flexible and stretchable thermal energy source held captive on a down feather sheet material or between two stretchable down feather sheets for use with articles subject to flexion and stretch.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly which reduces energy draw from a battery supply providing longer time usage of the battery supply.
A still further feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly having a novel construction wherein the thermal energy source is a thin film electrical heater fused on a down feather sheet.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal energy source transfer assembly wherein the thermal energy source is a gel or energy absorbing particles contained in a pack and held captive between opposed down feather sheets to reduce thermal energy loss and improve thermal energy transition between the source and a body to receive the thermal energy and further wherein the gel is capable of absorbing and releasing heat or cold energy.
A further feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly and wherein the thermal energy generating membrane is one of a type having a limited supply of thermal energy.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient thermal source energy transfer assembly wherein the conductive heating assembly is formed as a pad comprised of an envelope formed of polymeric material with a microwave responsive substance held captive in the envelope.
According to a still further feature of the present invention, there is provided a composite light weight, flexible, and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly and wherein there is provided sensing means to sense temperature values from the thermal energy generating membrane and a surface to be heated to provide temperature sensed signals to a controller to adjust the thermal energy generated by the electrically conductive heating assembly when the temperature value signals from a surface to be heated exceed the temperature value signals from the thermal energy generating membrane whereby to control the heat generated by the thermal energy generating membrane and thereby saving on the energy consumed by the thermal energy generating membrane to prolong the usefulness of a dc power supply source and to ensure that the surface is not overheated to cause scalding.
A still further feature of the present invention is to incorporate the composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal heat energy transfer assembly in a composite panel structure to provide heat to an adjacent space to be heated. Such panel structure can be used in the construction of road vehicles, aircrafts, buildings, etc and wherein the thermal energy generating membrane is powered by an ac or a dc power source.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a composite light weight, and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly having a cold energy membrane to preserve cold energy in a space to be cooled, such as in a building structure, refrigerated enclosures, coolers, refrigerated trucks and containers and other refrigerated space applications.
According to the above features, from a broad aspect, the present invention provides a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly for the transfer of thermal energy in articles of warmth or cold. The thermal source energy transfer assembly comprises a thermal energy generating membrane having opposed top and bottom surfaces. A first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet is secured to the top surface. A second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet is secured to the bottom surface and wherein the first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet has a thermal insulating value superior to the second thermally insulating flexible down sheet to thermally insulate the thermal energy generating membrane from an ambient temperature side of the thermal source energy transfer assembly when retained adjacent a surface area of a user person to be heated or cooled by heat or cold released by the thermal energy generating membrane. The second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet absorbs and distributes thermal energy transferred thereto by the thermal energy generating membrane against the surface area to be heated or cooled.
According to another broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite light weight, and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly for the transfer of thermal energy in a space to be heated or cooled to provide comfort. The thermal source energy transfer assembly comprises a thermal energy generating membrane having opposed inner and outer surfaces. A first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet is secured to the outer surface, and a second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet is secured to the inner surface. The first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet has a thermal insulating value superior to the second thermally insulating flexible down sheet to thermally insulate the thermal energy generating membrane from an external temperature side of the thermal source energy transfer assembly. The first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet is bonded to a surface area of a support structure. The second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet has a thermal energy conductive membrane secured to an outer surface thereof. The second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet absorbs and distributes thermal energy transferred thereto by the thermal energy generating membrane and releases the heat in a control manner through the thermal energy conductive membrane into an adjacent space to be heated or cooled.
According to a further broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing a composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly for the transfer of thermal energy in articles of warmth or cold against a surface area to be heated or cooled. The method comprises the steps of:
i) providing a thermal energy generating membrane capable of generating thermal energy. The thermal energy generating membrane having opposed top and bottom surfaces,
ii) bonding a first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet to the top surface of said thermal energy generating membrane, and
iii) bonding a second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet to the bottom surface of the thermal energy generating membrane. The first thermally insulating flexible down material sheet has a thermal insulating value superior to the second thermally insulating flexible down sheet to thermally insulate the thermal energy generating membrane from an ambient temperature side of the thermal source energy transfer assembly. The second thermally insulating flexible down material sheet absorbs and distributes thermal energy transferred thereto by the thermal energy generating membrane in the direction of the surface area to be heated or cooled.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the examples thereof as illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which.
Articles of warmth on the type utilizing a heat source or a cold source to transfer the thermal energy release thereby to a surface area of a person's body to provide warmth or cold are known. Examples of these are articles of apparel containing electrical conductors powered by portable battery packs to keep a person warm during cold winter months. Sleeping bags are also known equipped with such heating means. Another example are pads or pouches containing particulate matter that can be heated by microwave radiation and applied against a body part to relieve pain. Cold packs are also know to provide cold thermal energy against an injured part of a person's body. These pads can also be positioned in pouches provided in an article of apparel, such as a jacket or pants to generate the thermal energy at specific locations of the body of a wearer person. A disadvantage of such articles is that they lose efficiency for the reason that they radiate thermal energy in a non-controlled manner which limits the time of usefulness of the energy source and also which limits the time of usefulness of batteries used to power the heat generating electrical source. Often fifty percent or more of the energy release is lost to the environment. If most of that lost energy could be made to good use, then the efficiency of the article of warmth or cold can be greatly increased resulting in a longer period of use of the heating or cooling article. If the article of warmth is of a type using a portable dc battery supply, then by controlling the time of use of the batteries by modulating its supply in relation to the heat being transferred by the heating conductors, the useful time of the batteries can be prolonged.
The present invention provides a solution to the above deficiencies of such heating or cooling energy sources by packaging the thermal energy sources in a novel assembly using light weight, flexible and energy efficient down material sheeting of homogeneous construction. The composition of the such down material sheets is described in my previous U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,025,041, 9,380,893 and 10,390,637 and comprise generally of down material mixed with a binder and heat fused together in sheet form. The contents of these patent references are herein incorporated by reference.
As also shown in
A further temperature sensor 39 may also secured to the outer surface of the outer down material sheet 14 to monitor outside temperature and by the use of a variable control (not shown but obvious to a person skilled in the art), control the amount of energy fed to the thermal energy generating membrane or conductive circuit to provide comfort to a user person as being monitored by the control 35 receiving input temperature signals from the sensor 33. As herein shown, the supply can be an ac supply from a household electrical socket or a dc supply from a battery source. If a dc battery supply, then the duration of use of the battery is extended by the control of the temperature generated by the energy generating membrane, herein the electrically conductive circuit.
In a still further embodiment, the composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient thermal source energy transfer assembly 10 and 10′, the thermally insulating down material sheets are formed with a binder exhibiting stretchability, and the scrim sheets 18 and 19 are also stretchable and have adhesive properties to bind respectively to an outer shell material and an inner lining material of an article of warmth or cold.
Referring now to
The thermally conductive electric conductive circuit 30 mounted on the support sheet 31 may have different shapes, one being illustrated in
As shown in
Referring now to
For cooling applications, the pad 50 may encapsulate a gel retained in a flexible envelope 51 which when frozen exhibits flexibility. The envelope is held captive between the outer down material sheet 14 and the inner down material sheet 16 in an outer pouch 53 formed of suitable fabric material. The outer pouch may also be formed as a rectangular pouch or other form having opposed integrally formed strapping belts 54 and 54′ each of which is provided with fasteners for interconnection together to hold the pad 50 firmly attached to a specific area of a person's body, such as an arm, leg, neck, head or other body parts requiring heat or cold treatment. The fasteners as herein illustrated are formed of complimentary “Velcro”, registered trademark, with one fastener constituted by hooks 55 and the other by felt material 56. As is shown in
The method of constructing the composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly 10 for the transfer of thermal energy in articles of warmth or cold against a surface area of a person's body to be heated or cooled can be summarized as follows. A thermal energy generating membrane 11, capable of generating thermal energy either in the form of heat or cold, is provided. The membrane has opposed top and bottom surfaces and an outer thermally insulating flexible down material sheet 14 is bonded to the top surface of the thermal energy generating membrane. A bottom thermally insulating flexible down material sheet 16 is bonded to the bottom surface 17 of the thermal energy generating membrane The outer thermally insulating flexible down material sheet 14 has a thermal insulating value superior to bottom thermally insulating flexible down sheet 16 to thermally insulate the thermal energy generating membrane from an ambient temperature side of the thermal source energy transfer assembly. The bottom thermally insulating flexible down material sheet 16 absorbs and distributes thermal energy transferred thereto by the thermal energy generating membranel 1 against the surface area to be heated or cooled. A scrim sheet 19 of suitable soft material provides contact against the skin of a wearer person when the thermal energy assembly is intended to be applied directly on a user person's skin. Various forms of energy generating membranes are intended to be covered by the present invention the description of specific examples of some of these is not intended to restrict the invention, and it is contemplated that different energy generating membranes may be used in the assembly.
As described above, temperature sensors may be incorporated in the assembly between the outer thermally insulating flexible down material sheet and said top surface of said thermal energy generating membrane, and also on an outer surface of the bottom thermally insulating flexible down material sheet 16. These sensors generate sensed temperature values to an intelligent programmed control to which operates switching means to regulate the voltage supplied by an electrical power source, such as dc batteries, to the thermal energy generating membrane to maintain a substantially constant desired temperature against a surface are to be heated. A thermal reflective film 37 may be integrated in the assembly and disposed against an outer surface of the outer insulating flexible down material sheet 14 to reflect heat in the direction of the thermal energy generating membrane.
Referring now to
The composite panel construction 60 may have variations in its construction strata or layers depending on the intended use thereof. For example, the panel may be shaped for use in the construction of the inner walls of the passenger section of the fuselage of an aircraft or used in the construction of doors or roof panels of a road vehicles, or boats, etc. The thermal energy membrane may also be powered by a battery or battery bank or an ac power supply.
Referring now to
As shown in
The panel 70′ may have several uses, such as forming part of a wall of a room to be refrigerated. Several of these panels 70′ may be located at strategic position in the walls about such a room. On the hand, the support structure may be in the form of wall sheeting instead of a panel 70′ with the first thermally insulating down material sheet supported thereover, such as when applying insulation between studs when constructing walls of a building and securing refrigerating coils thereover with the inner down material sheet then bonded over the coils. The support structure may also be in the form of an outer wall of a cooler, with the outer wall being lined with the assembly of the first down material sheet 72, the cooling coil(s) 73 and the inner down material sheet 74. A suitable inner thermal energy conductive wall or membrane 75 would be constituted by the inner wall of the cooler.
With reference to
Although various applications of the composite light weight, flexible and energy efficient, thermal source energy transfer assembly, constructed in accordance to the examples described herein, have been mentioned and illustrated, it is not intended to limit their applications to these as some applications can be found, for example, in the construction of buildings, etc., where they may be integrated as heating panels.
It is within the ambit of the present invention to cover any modifications of the examples of the preferred embodiment described and illustrated herein, provided such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claim.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/IB2019/060192 | 11/26/2019 | WO |