Composite nonwoven fabric

Abstract

A composite nonwoven fabric is formed by providing a synthetic fiber web comprising staple length polymeric fibers, and a cellulosic fiber web, preferably comprising wood pulp fibers. Prior to integration of the webs, the synthetic fiber web is subjected to hydroentangling to form a partially entangled web, with the cellulosic fiber web thereafter juxtaposed with the partially entangled web for hydroentanglement and integration of the webs. Pre-entanglement of the synthetic fiber web desirably acts to minimize the energy input required for integration of the cellulosic fiber and synthetic fiber webs, and also desirably acts to abate loss of the cellulosic fibers during hydroentanglement and integration of the webs.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to hydroentangled (spunlaced) nonwoven fabrics, and more particularly to a hydroentangled composite nonwoven fabric formed from a synthetic fiber web and a cellulosic fiber web, which webs are integrated so that the cellulosic fibers become integrated with the synthetic fiber structure. The resultant fabric exhibits excellent strength and absorbency, and is particularly suited for use in medical gowns, and like applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nonwoven fabrics have found widespread application by virtue of the versatility afforded by the manner in which the physical characteristics of such fabrics can be selectively engineered. Formation of nonwoven fabrics by hydroentanglement (spunlacing) is particularly advantageous in that the fibers or filaments from which the fabric is formed can be efficiently integrated and oriented as may be desired for a specific application. Blends of different types of fibers can be readily combined by hydroentanglement so that resultant fabrics exhibiting selected physical properties can be fabricated.

Heretofore, nonwoven fabrics formed from blends of synthetic and cellulosic fibers have been known, with such fabrics desirably exhibiting physical properties which are characteristic of the constituent synthetic and cellulosic fibers. Typically, synthetic fibers can be formed into a fabric so that the characteristics such as good abrasion resistance and tensile strength can be provided in the resultant fabric. The use of cellulosic fibers provides such fabrics with desired absorbency and softness.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,459,912, to Oathout, hereby incorporated by reference, discloses patterned, spunlaced fabrics formed from synthetic fibers and wood pulp which are stated as exhibiting good absorbency, and low particle counts. The fabrics are thus suited for use where these characteristics are desirable, such as for use as wipes in clean rooms, wipes for food service, and like applications. However, this patent contemplates integration of wood pulp fibers and synthetic fibers in a dry state, with subsequent hydroentanglement by treatment on one side only. It is believed that this results in significant loss of the wood pulp fibrous material through the loosely bonded synthetic fibers, thus detracting from the efficiency of the manufacturing process.

Because composite nonwoven fabric materials formed from synthetic and cellulosic fibers can provide a combination of desirable physical properties, the present invention is directed to a method of making such a composite nonwoven fabric which facilitates efficient fabric formation by abating loss of cellulosic fibers to the filtrate water during integration by hydroentanglement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a method of making a composite nonwoven fabric which entails integration of a staple length synthetic fiber web with a web of cellulosic fiber material, typically wood pulp. In order to abate loss of cellulosic fiber material during integration by hydroentanglement, the present invention contemplates that the synthetic fiber web is first subjected to hydroentanglement, with the cellulosic fibrous material thereafter integrated, by hydroentangling, into the partially entangled synthetic fiber web. This formation technique has been found to desirably abate the loss of the cellulosic fibers during the hydroentangling process into the filtrate water employed for hydroentanglement. The resultant fabric exhibits the desired blend of characteristics achieved by use of the synthetic and cellulosic fibers together, with the manufacturing technique of the present invention desirably facilitating efficient and cost-effective formation of the present fabric.

In accordance with the present invention, a method of making a composite nonwoven fabric comprises the steps of providing a synthetic fiber web comprising staple length polymeric fibers. Use of polyester (PET) fibers is presently preferred by virtue of the economy with which such fibers can be manufactured and processed. The present process further comprises hydroentangling the synthetic fiber web to form a partially entangled web. This partial hydroentanglement desirably acts to integrate the staple length synthetic fibers, prior to introduction of the associated cellulosic fibrous material.

The cellulosic fibrous material of the present fabric is introduced by juxtaposing a cellulosic fibrous web with the partially entangled synthetic fiber web. The juxtaposed webs are then hydroentangled, and subsequently dried to form the present composite nonwoven fabric. Notably, the pre-entanglement of the synthetic fiber web, prior to introduction of the cellulosic fibrous material, has been found to desirably minimize loss of the cellulosic material as the synthetic and cellulosic webs are integrated by hydroentanglement. It is believed that the pre-entangled synthetic fiber web may desirably act to “filter” the cellulosic fibrous material, so as to minimize its loss to the filtrate water. Additionally, pre-entanglement of the synthetic fiber web desirably permits the use of reduced energy input for entangling the synthetic and cellulosic fiber webs, which is also believed to contribute to reduced loss of the cellulosic fibers. It is also believed that the ability to employ reduced energy input for entangling the component webs allows for maintaining the inherent bulk of the composite nonwoven fabric, and thus allowing for improved absorbency with the increase in interstitial volume over a high-pressure hydroentangled nonwoven fabric.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawing, and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for making a composite nonwoven web embodying the principles of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in various forms, there is shown in the drawing, and will hereinafter be described, a presently preferred embodiment, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment illustrated.

With reference to FIG. 1 , therein is diagrammatically illustrated an apparatus for practicing the method of making a composite nonwoven fabric embodying the principles of the present invention. The present composite fabric is preferably formed from juxtaposed synthetic fiber and cellulosic fiber webs, which are subjected to hydroentanglement by direction of high-pressure liquid streams thereagainst, preferably first against one expansive surface of the juxtaposed webs and thereafter against the opposite expansive surface of the webs. It is within the purview of the present invention that each of the synthetic fiber and cellulosic fiber webs may be provided in the form of more than one web, thereby permitting the integration of different types of synthetic fibers, and/or different types of cellulosic fibers. It is also within the purview of the present invention that each of the synthetic fiber and cellulosic fiber webs may be comprised of a homogenous component composition within the web, or in the alternative, comprised of a blend of differing component compositions.

In the presently preferred practice of the present invention, the synthetic fibers are provided in the form of staple length polyester fibers, while the cellulosic fibers are provided in the form of wood pulp fibers introduced in the form of a wetlaid web, commonly referred to as “tissue”, subsequently integrated by hydroentanglement with the synthetic fiber web. Notably, the present invention contemplates that the synthetic fiber web is subjected to hydroentanglement to form a partially entangled web prior to hydroentanglement of the cellulosic fiber web therewith. Formation in this fashion has been found to desirably abate loss of the cellulosic fibers during hydroentanglement with the synthetic fiber web. Additionally, pre-entanglement of the synthetic fiber web has been found to desirably permit the use of lower entangling pressures during integration of the cellulosic fiber web therewith, which is also believed to abate loss of the cellulosic fibers to the filtrate water employed during hydroentanglement.

As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the present invention contemplates that the synthetic fiber web employed for manufacture of the present composite fabric include a carded or parallel staple fiber web 10 which can be combined with an airlaid synthetic fiber web 11 , which can be suitably formed on an airlaying apparatus 12 . The present invention contemplates that the carded and airlaid webs be juxtaposed and integrated by hydroentanglement to form a partially entangled synthetic fiber web. To this end, the carded and airlaid webs are directed about an entangling drum 14 , with high-pressure liquid streams directed against the juxtaposed webs to effect integration and partial entanglement. Partial entanglement can be further effected by a second entangling drum 16 , with the partially entangled synthetic fiber webs thereafter directed along an entangling belt 18 .

At this stage of the process, a cellulosic fiber web 19 is juxtaposed with the partially entangled synthetic fiber web for formation of the present composite nonwoven fabric. The cellulosic fiber web is preferably provided in the form of a wetlaid web, but it is within the purview of the present invention to provide the cellulosic fibrous material in other forms. The juxtaposed synthetic fiber and cellulosic fiber webs are subjected to hydroentanglement under the influence of reduced-pressure liquid streams generated by suitable manifolds at 20 positioned above the entangling belt 18 .

In accordance with the preferred practice of the present invention, the reduced-pressure liquid streams from manifold 20 are directed against a first expansive surface of the juxtaposed webs. Thereafter, the webs are directed about another entangling drum 22 , with reduced-pressure liquid streams directed against the opposite expansive surface of the webs. The now integrated webs can be transferred over a dewatering slot 24 , and then dried at 26 and wound for storage and shipment.

The data set forth in the accompanying Tables compares energy inputs for the present process with the energy inputs effected in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 5,459,912. As this data shows, the processes are similar in terms of horsepower-hour per pound energy input. However, when comparing impact energies (Hp-hr-lbf/lbm; horsepower-hour-pound force/pound mass; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,912, column 6, lines 3-25) of the two different processes, it is evident that the process of the present invention uses less impact energy, along with slightly higher liquid flow rates in order to achieve the desired fiber integration, while minimizing loss of the cellulosic fibers during manufacture. It is believed that the lower impact energies of the present invention result in less fiber fracture, with the higher flow rates offsetting the need for higher impact energies. Nevertheless, sufficient energy is inputted to provide the resultant nonwoven fabric with the desired physical characteristics, such as tensile strength, abrasion resistance and other desirable performance properties.

EXAMPLE

Using the apparatus as depicted in FIG. 1 , a nonwoven fabric embodying the principles of the present invention was made using a 0.55 ounce/yard 2 of airlaid synthetic fibers, produced in accordance with methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,475,271, and 5,007,137, both hereby incorporated by reference. This airlaid synthetic web was combined with a 0.37 ounce/yard 2 standard carded web to form a synthetic fiber web weighing 1.0 ounce/yard 2 and comprising 100% polyester staple length fibers. The raw materials of these webs was commercially available 310P staple length fibers, 1.5 denier×1.5 inches in length, produced by Wellman Inc.

The airlaid and carded synthetic fiber webs were pre-entangled on drums 14 and 16 illustrated in FIG. 1 , in accordance with the process conditions set forth in the appended Tables. This partially entangled synthetic web was then transferred on to the belt entangler 18 . A cellulosic fiber web was provided in the form of commercially available H431XL, 31# per ream paper, commercially available from Crown Vantage, with the cellulosic fiber web thus comprising wood pulp fibers in accordance with the preferred practice of the present invention. The cellulosic fiber web was juxtaposed on top of the partially entangled synthetic fiber web, with the juxtaposed webs entangled on the entangling belt in accordance with the appended processing data.

The integrated synthetic fiber and cellulosic fiber webs were then directed about entangling drum 22 , which was covered by a 22×23 bronze flat warp wire, commercially available from Albany International. Reduced-pressure liquid streams were thus directed against the opposite expansive surface of the juxtaposed webs. The water jets were operated in accordance with the data in the appended Tables.

The now-integrated web was then transferred to the dewatering belt 24 , and thereafter dried in dryer 26 . The nip roll 28 illustrated in FIG. 1 was not used in this example, in order to maintain high absorbency capacities for the resultant composite nonwoven fabric. Winding after drying at 26 completed fabric formation.

As will be appreciated, a fabric formed in accordance with the present invention need not be subjected to hydroentangling treatment by direction of hydraulic water jets against both expansive surfaces of the fabric as it is formed. Additionally, it will be recognized that the illustrated nip rolls can be utilized to improve fabric density, and reduce the moisture content of the web prior to drying.

From the foregoing, numerous modifications and variations can be effected without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concept of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific embodiment disclosed herein is intended or should be inferred. The disclosure is intended to cover, by the appended claims, all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.

PGI Data:	Total
	Flow (GPM)	Hp-hr/lb
	1034.1261	0.2302
				Hp-hr-lbf/lbm
			HP-Hr/lb	E x I
	Preentangle	0.0814	0.0187	0.26705818
	Flatbed	0.5311	0.1223	3.041
	Drum	0.4689	0.1079	1.l90
	Total	1.0000	0.2302	4.231
Example
100 YPM	110 Width (inches) estimated
2.3 OZ/YD2	Lb/hr = 2635.416667
	DuPont's I x E		REQUIREMENTS PER MANIFOLD
						Hp-hr-lbf/lbm			Discharge		Flow		Length of		Motor Horsepower
	Orifice	Pressure				(corrected by 2.4 to		Orifice	Coeff.	Pressure	per hole	No. of	manifold	Flow total	Required
	(inches)	(psi)	# of strips	Flow	Hp-hr/lb	match their patent values)	% energy	(inches)	C	(psi)	(gpm)	Holes/inch	(inches)	(gpm)	(Max = 300)
Drum 1	0.005	102.9	1	31.7987	0.0020	0.0026	10.63%	0.005	0.7	102.9	0.005	50	120	32	2
Drum 1	0.005	147	1	38.0067	0.0034	0.0062	18.15%	0.005	0.7	147	0.006	50	120	38	4
Drum 1	0.005	147	1	38.0067	0.0011	0.0062	6.05%	0.005	0.7	147	0.006	50	120	38	4
Drum 2	0.005	514.5	1	61.2511	0.0064	0.1062	34.12%	0.005	0.603	514.5	0.010	50	120	81	22
Drum 2	0.005	588	1	65.4802	0.0078	0.1483	41.89%	0.005	0.603	588	0.011	50	120	65	26
	Preentangle Subtotal	202.7447	0.0187	0.2671	100.00%
Flatbed	0.005	102.9	1	31.7987	0.0007	0.0026	0.54%	0.005	0.7	102.9	0.005	50	120	32	2
Flatbed	0.005	294	3	138.9044	0.0083	0.0787	6.77%	0.005	0.603	294	0.008	50	120	46	9
Flatbed	0.005	808.5	3	230.3469	0.0378	0.9865	30.89%	0.005	0.603	808.5	0.013	50	120	77	43
Flatbed	0.005	808.5	3	230.3469	0.0378	0.9865	30.89%	0.005	0.603	808.5	0.013	50	120	77	43
Flatbed	0.005	808.5	3	230.3469	0.0378	0.9865	30.89%	0.005	0.603	808.5	0.013	50	120	77	43
	Flatbed Subtotal	861.7438	0.1223	3.0408	100.00%
Drum 3	0.005	1029	1	86.1912	0.0540	0.5950	50.00%	0.005	0.6	1029	0.014	50	120	86	61
Drum 3	0.005	1029	1	86.1912	0.0540	0.5950	50.00%	0.005	0.6	1029	0.014	50	120	86	61
	Backside Subtotal	172.3823	0.1079	1.1900	100.00%
Flow for 3 strip manifold	Flow per inch for 1 strip GPM	P = lb/ft2	A = ft2 orf Using coeff	Q = cfm Using coeff	w = lbm/yd2	z = width-yds	S = ypm	I = PA lbf	E = PQ/wzs ft-lb/lbm
95.39612888	0.795	14817.6	0.000573	4.251164	0.143750	3.06	100	8.486	1434.127
114.0201825	0.950	21168	0.000573	5.081113	0.143750	3.06	100	12.122	2448.729
	0.317	21168	0.000573	5.081113	0.143750	3.06	100	12.122	2448.729
	0.510	74088	0.000493	8.188647	0.143750	3.06	100	36.549	13812.173
	0.546	84672	0.000493	8.754032	0.143750	3.06	100	41.770	16875.239
				27.104906
	0.265	14817.6	0.000573	4.251164	0.143750	3.06	100	8.486	1434.127
	0.386	42336	0.000493	18.570107	0.143750	3.06	100	20.885	17898.894
	0.640	116424	0.000493	30.795038	0.143750	3.06	100	57.434	81625.382
	0.640	116424	0.000493	30.795038	0.143750	3.06	100	57.434	81625.382
	0.640	116424	0.000493	30.795038	0.143750	3.06	100	57.434	81625.382
258.573469	2.155	148176	0.000491	11.522882	0.143750	3.06	100	72.734	38872.363
258.573469	2.155	148176	0.000491	11.522882	0.143750	3.06	100	72.734	38872.363
DuPont Data:	Total
	Flow (GPM)	Hp-hr/lb
	895	0.24
				Hp-hr-lbf/lbm
			HP-hr/lb	E x I
	Flatbed	56.09%	0.132	5.009
	Drum	43.91%	0.104	2.103
	Total	100.00%	0.236	7.111
DuPont Patent example #1 and #3
185 YPM	120 Width (inches) estimated
1.68 OZ/YD2	Lb/hr = 3885
	DuPont's I x E		REQUIREMENTS PER MANIFOLD
						Hp-hr-lbf/lbm			Discharge		Flow		Length of		Motor
	Orifice	Pressure				(corrected by 2.4 to		Orifice	Coeff.	Pressure	per hole	No. of	manifold	Flow total	Horsepower
	(inches)	(psi)	# of strips	Flow	Hp-Hr/lb	match their patent values)	% energy	(inches)	C	(psi)	(gpm)	Holes/inch	(inches)	(gpm)	Required
Flatbed	0.005	50	calculation	0	0	0	0.00%	0.005		50	0.000	40	120	0	0
Flatbed	0.005	100	1	25.0779	0.0011	0.0010	0.85%	0.005	0.7	100	0.005	40	120	25	2
Flatbed	0.005	300	1	37.4172	0.0017	0.0120	1.27%	0.005	0.603	300	0.008	40	120	37	8
Flatbed	0.005	500	1	48.3054	0.0036	0.0429	2.74%	0.005	0.603	500	0.010	40	120	48	17
Flatbed	0.005	800	1	61.1021	0.0073	0.1390	5.54%	0.005	0.603	800	0.013	40	120	61	34
Flatbed	0.005	1400	1	80.8305	0.0170	0.5633	12.83%	0.005	0.603	1400	0.017	40	120	81	78
Flatbed	0.005	1800	1	91.6531	0.0248	1.0559	18.71%	0.005	0.603	1800	0.019	40	120	92	113
Flatbed	0.005	1800	1	91.6531	0.0248	1.0559	18.71%	0.005	0.603	1800	0.019	40	120	92	113
Flatbed	0.005	1800	1	91.6531	0.0248	1.0559	18.71%	0.005	0.603	1800	0.019	40	120	92	113
Flatbed	0.005	1800	1	91.6531	0.0248	1.0559	18.71%	0.005	0.603	1800	0.019	40	120	92	113
Flatbed	0.005	300	1	56.1259	0.0025	0.0269	1.91%	0.005	0.603	300	0.008	60	120	56	12
	Flatbed Subtotal	675.4716	0.1323	5.0088	100.00%
Drum	0.005	300	1	37.2311	0.0050	0.0119	4.86%	0.005	0.6	300	0.008	40	120	37	8
Drum	0.005	1800	1	91.1971	0.0739	1.0454	71.36%	0.005	0.6	1800	0.019	40	120	91	113
Drum	0.005	1800	1	91.1971	0.0246	1.0454	23.79%	0.005	0.6	1800	0.019	40	120	91	113
	Backside Subtotal	219.6254	0.1036	2.1026	100.00%
Flow for 3 strip manifold	Flow per inch for 1 strip GPM	P = lb/ft2	A = ft2 orf Using coeff	Q = cfm Using coeff	w = lbm/yd2	z = width-yds	S = ypm	I = PA lbf	E = PQ/wzs ft-lbf/lbm
0	0	7200	0	0	0.105	3.333333333	185	0	0
75.23360918	0.62694841	14400	0.00045814	3.35266529	0.105	3.333333333	185	6.59715	745.61205
	0.31181029	43200	0.00039465	5.0023042	0.105	3.333333333	185	17.089205	3337.44465
	0.40254536	72000	0.00039465	6.45794695	0.105	3.333333333	185	28.4148675	7181.03753
	0.50918408	115200	0.00039465	8.16872855	0.105	3.333333333	185	45.463788	14533.3981
	0.67358722	201600	0.00039465	10.8062121	0.105	3.333333333	185	79.561629	33645.2875
	0.76377612	259200	0.00039465	12.2530928	0.105	3.333333333	185	102.293523	49050.2187
	0.76377612	259200	0.00039465	12.2530928	0.105	3.333333333	185	102.293523	49050.2187
	0.76377612	259200	0.00039465	12.2530928	0.105	3.333333333	185	102.293523	49050.2187
	0.76377612	259200	0.00039465	12.2530928	0.105	3.333333333	185	102.293523	49050.2187
	0.46771544	43200	0.00059198	7.50345829	0.105	3.333333333	185	25.5733808	5006.16698
111.69324	0.930777	43200	0.00039269	4.97741711	0.105	3.333333333	185	16.9641	3320.84045
273.5914456	2.27992871	259200	0.00039269	12.1921322	0.105	3.333333333	185	101.7846	48806.1877
	0.75997624	259200	0.00039269	12.1921322	0.105	3.333333333	185	101.7846	48806.1877

Claims

1. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric, comprising the steps of:providing a synthetic fiber web comprising staple length polymeric fibers; hydroentangling said synthetic fiber web to form a partially entangled web; juxtaposing a cellulosic fiber web with said partially entangled web; hydroentangling said juxtaposed partially entangled web and cellulosic fiber web; and drying said hydroentangled webs to form said composite nonwoven fabric.

2. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 1, wherein:said step of providing said synthetic fiber web comprises providing an airlaid synthetic fiber web and a carded synthetic fiber web which are hydroentangled to form said partially entangled web.

3. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 1, wherein:said synthetic fiber web comprises staple length polyester fibers, and said cellulosic fiber web comprises wood pulp fibers.

4. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 1, whereinsaid step of hydroentangling said juxtaposed webs comprises first directing reduced-pressure liquid streams against a first expansive surface of said juxtaposed webs, and thereafter directing reduced-pressure liquid streams against an opposite expansive surface of said juxtaposed web.

5. A composite nonwoven fabric formed in accordance with the method of claim 1.

6. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric, comprising the steps of:providing a synthetic fiber web by juxtaposing an airlaid staple length polyester fiber web and a carded staple length polyester fiber web; hydroentangling said synthetic fiber web by hydroentangling said juxtaposed airlaid and carded webs to form a partially entangled synthetic fiber web, juxtaposing a paper web comprising wood pulp fibers with said partially entangled web; hydroentangling said juxtaposed partially entangled web and said paper web to integrate wood pulp fiber of said paper web with the polyester staple length fibers of said partially entangled web; and drying said hydroentangled webs to form said composite nonwoven fabric.

7. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 6, wherein:said step of hydroentangling said juxtaposed partially entangled web and paper web comprises first directing high-pressure liquid streams against a first expansive surface of the juxtaposed webs, and thereafter directing high-pressure liquid streams against an opposite expansive surface of said juxtaposed web.

8. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 6, wherein:said airlaid web comprises 100% polyester fibers.

9. A method of making a composite nonwoven fabric in accordance with claim 6, wherein:said carded web comprises 100% polyester fibers.

10. A composite nonwoven fabric formed in accordance with the method of claim 6.