Patent Application
20110258964
1. Field of Invention
The invention is related to a composite thermal insulation member of buildings, in particular a light composite thermal insulation wall with thermal insulation properties and a light composite thermal insulation roof.
2. Description of Related Arts
Currently, the widely used thermal insulation wall in China is made of EPS (expandable polystyrene) board and covered by plaster, which has poor fireproof performance and short life duration. In USA and Russia, the widely used 2+3 layers sandwiched thermal insulation wall structure has the problems of thick wall, causing the waste of lands, and also is not suitable for high rise buildings. Additionally, the thermal insulation walls constructed of wood are not practical in the countries where wood resources are scarce, and also have poor wind-proof properties.
The outer walls made of aerated concrete or light hollow blocks are mostly used in China. However, these walls are too heavy for the high rise buildings and have poor thermal insulation and quake-proof properties, as well as high brittleness. In order to solve the problem of high weight of the brittle wall which is not suitable for the high rise buildings, in recent years the walls with light steel skeletons are widely used internationally.
However, the walls with light steel skeletons are suffered from the following problems: poor rigidity of the wall, low capability of resistance to horizontal wind load and earthquake, huge consumption of steel, high cost and complex construction. Furthermore, the large amount of heat bridges of the light steel skeleton cause poor thermal insulation, in order to save the building energy, it is necessary to adhere an additional thermal insulation material to the outside of the wall which further increases the cost.
In order to resist the horizontal wind load and earthquake, in USA, the light-weight steel shear wall or the steel frame structure with cross brace are used in multilevel light-weight steel structure residence buildings. The light steel shear walls are the structure of covering thin steel panels on the wall. In order to increase the anti-vibration capability of the wall with the light steel skeletons, in Japanese KC system, the shear wall is an integral panel composed of profile steels and panels, and the upper and lower wall panels are connected by anchor bolts passing through the floors. However, the wall panels and the floors are connected integrally by the shear-proof bolts which also lead to complex construction and high cost.
The essential idea of the wall with light steel skeletons is to replace wood skeletons of the wall with thin light steel beam. The spaces between the steel skeletons are 400-600 mm, empty spaces are filled with mineral wools, and in every layer of which generally three horizontal steel braces are provided. The outer protection layer of wall with the wood panels is replaced with fiber embedded cement panels. This light steel skeleton wall is still in the scope of traditional wall concept that the wood skeletons are filled with thermal insulation materials.
Due to high costs etc., application of the wall with light steel skeletons in China is restricted.
The technique of outer wall of the frame structure, especially the technique of outer wall of high rise buildings has not been perfectly developed. Nowadays there is no perfect technique to construct a wall with the following excellent performances: light weight, thermal insulation and energy saving, quake-proof and wind-proof, simple design, construction convenience, safety of outer decoration, good fireproof property, long duration, and low cost.
To provide a light, thermal insulation, and low cost composite wall body, the applicant has filed a patent in title “composite wall with the steel bars and/or wire net plasters arranged inside and outside” with the application No. CN200710072572.0 in China. This patent is able to significantly reduce the weight of the wall with good thermal insulation. However, its method of fixing the high molecular core layer is that the assembly bolts are fixed with the vertical steel bars indoors and steel bars or wire nets outdoors by pulling connection, which is not convenient in operation. Consumption of the vertical steel bars indoors is big, and the assembly of the connection steel bars with the pillars is not convenient, either. The invention is aimed to make the construction work convenient and decrease the cost. Besides, building energy saving and reform of the wall of the small buildings in the rural areas are still the problems remaining unsolved.
The present light thermal insulation roofs are the thermal insulation ones with the color steel panels which are suffered from little rigidity, poor voice insulation, dissatisfaction of the fireproof limit requirements and being liable to condensation indoors in the winter in the heating areas. In the city Harbin located in serious cold area in 2008, an industrial plant of single layer steel skeleton with large span had been built whose roof area reached 80,000 square meters and the roof panel of the blown-out concrete with the steel bars needed was transported from 1400 km far away. The heat transfer coefficient was around 1.3 w/m2.k. There is no light roof panel of heat preservation with good thermal insulation, fireproofing and light weight available for steel skeleton structure of the industrial plant.
An object of the invention is to provide a composite thermal insulation member of buildings ensuring the convenient construction of the “composite wall with the steel bars and/or steel mesh plasters arranged inside and outside”, structure of the small buildings in rural areas with low cost and energy saving without use of the clay bricks, and also the light thermal insulation roof of good thermal insulation liable to prefabrication or casting of the steel skeletons of the industrial plants. The composite thermal insulation member and composite wall assembled from these members have excellent thermal insulation and quake-proof performance.
The composite thermal insulation member of buildings according to the invention comprises: a light weight composite thermal insulation wall with steel mesh cement plasters on both sides, which are mainly used for the frame buildings, frame-shear buildings and the fences of the skeletons of the industrial buildings; a light composite thermal insulation wall carrying the load are formed by the light composite pillars, light composite girders and light core layer wall filled with the plasters, which are used in the wall of the single layer and low-level buildings carrying the load in the rural areas; and a light composite thermal insulation roofs with the net plasters on both sides are used in the inclined roofs and the roofs of the skeletons of the industrial plants.
A structure of the composite thermal insulation member is a light composite thermal insulation wall with steel mesh cement plasters on both sides. This wall comprises a component carrying the load of the main structure of the building, a core layer, an outer protection layer and also alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen. This load-carrying component of the main structure of the building is a girder, a panel, a pillar, a load-carrying wall and a base. This core layer is a high molecular thermal insulation material, mineral wool, plant stalks or paper honeycomb panel. This outer protection layer is a cement mortar, a fine stone concrete plastering layer, a modified cement mortar, or a fine stone concrete plastering layer. This core layer is fixed between the girder or the panel, which is the load-carrying component of the main structure, and the pillar or the interior frame formed by the load-carrying wall, or on the girder or the panel of the load-carrying component of the main structure, or on the pillar of the load-carrying component of the main structure or on the side edge of the load-carrying wall. The outer protection layer is provided on the surface of the core layer. The alkali-resistant netting fabric or bamboo-reinforced screen is embedded in the outer protection layer, or the alkali-resistant netting fabric is bonded to the surface of the outer protection layer or is positioned on the surface of the core layer. The alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen is bonded to the load-carrying component of the main structure forming the light composite thermal insulation wall with the steel mesh plasters arranged on both sides.
Under the condition of the cement mortar plastering layer and the core layer firmly bonded on both sides, the composite wall with the thickness of the core layer of 120 mm and the total thickness including the plaster on two sides of 180 mm is formed. When C15 cement plasters is applied to the outer protection layer, the sectional bend rigidity is 7.521012 N-mm2/m, which is equal to a C25 concrete wall of thickness of 150 mm with the sectional bend rigidity of 7.8751012 N-mm2/m. The sectional bend rigidity of the composite wall with the core layer thickness of 180 mm and the total thickness including the plasters on both sides of 240 mm is 14.651012 N-mm2/m, which is bigger than the C25 concrete wall with the thickness of 180 mm and the sectional bend rigidity of 13.611012 N-mm2 (see “the calculation of the rigidity of the light composite wall panel with the core layer made of high-molecular material” in the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment). Therefore, for the composite wall with the net plasters on both sides, the horizontal surface bend performance resistant to the wind load perpendicular to the wall surface and the horizontal earthquake is good. The composite wall of the invention contains little steel—according to the area of the wall about 2.5-3 kg/m2 (including the wire screen). The steel bars and the wire screen or the alkali-resistant netting fabric of the composite wall are positioned inside the cement mortar of inner and outer sides or the outer protection layer of the fine stone concrete and connected to the main structure by the anchor. Firm bonding of the outer protecting layer containing the steel bars and wire screens with the core layer constitutes very large sectional bend-resisting moment, fully developing the merit of high tension strength of the tension material such as steel. According to the prior art, the large quantity of steel in the wall with light steel skeletons is located in the middle of the section of the wall without cooperation with the fine stone concrete or cement mortar, so the sectional bend-resisting moment of the skeleton is small, leading to big consumption of steel, but the capability of quake-proofing and wind-proofing is still poor, not fully developing the merit of materials.
The alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen inside the plastering layers of the composite wall (with steel mesh plasters on both sides and also the anchored steel bars (Embodiment 2)) replaced the indoor vertical steel bars in the applicant's previous patent “the composite wall with the steel bars and/or wire screen arranged inside and outside”, and resumed the same function as the tension steel bars' under the horizontal load on the wall panel, and make it possible to provide the steel bars anchored with the columns. This structure increases the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the wall panel, thus plays important role in reducing the horizontal displacement of the main structure and quake-proofing as well as wind-proofing, significantly decreasing the consumption of steel, simplifying the construction and facilitating the operation.
The anchored steel bars between the building's main structure and the composite wall with steel mesh plasters on both sides may be of Ø4 galvanized steel bars that are anchored with the girder pillar. When the anchoring steel bars and the steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric satisfy the overlapping length, and anchoring steel bar's tension capability is not lower than that of the steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric, also not considering the shear-resistant capability of the steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric of the outer plastering outer protection layer, the shear-resistant capability of the indoor plastering layer within the frame surface of the 3 meters high composite wall is 2˜7 t/m (different according to different specifications of the steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric). This composite wall construction technique creates a kind of light composite shear wall which is suitable for both outer wall and inters walls. Since the rigidity of the paper honeycomb panel is very high, when the core layer is made of the paper honeycomb panel, the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the composite wall is even bigger. The composite wall with the net plasters on both sides of this invention thus provided a new alternative solution to construction of quake-proofing building.
Thus, the bend-resistant capability beyond the surface and the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the composite wall with the net plasters on both sides are superior to that of the light steel skeleton wall with large quantity of steel. In
The composite thermal insulation wall with the net plasters on both sides simultaneously has good thermal insulation, light weight, low cost and good fireproof properties. Also it satisfies any decoration, has good safety of outer protecting layer and outer decoration surface, convenience of design and construction, big rigidity, good integral firmness, good bend-resistant capability beyond the surface and shear-resistant capability within the surface, good quake-proofing and wind-proofing, as well as satisfies the design requirement of limit state. The composite wall of the invention absolutely will not collapse during earthquake because the core layer inside the composite wall consumes the energy of earthquake by transferring the kinematics energy of earthquake into potential energy which is beneficial to quake-proofing of the main structure. The invention provides a new solution to the construction of quake-proofing building. This invention is suitable for all kinds of buildings in different climate areas, thus has great application value.
The second structure of the composite thermal insulation members of building of the invention is a thermal insulation broken bridge type of light composite pillar comprising the indoor longitudinal steel bars, outdoor longitudinal steel bars steel hoop, outer protecting layer and core layer. This indoor and outdoor longitudinal steel bars are positioned inside the indoor and outdoor outer protecting layers respectively. This core layer bonded with the outer protecting layers on two sides is located between the indoor and outdoor outer protecting layers. This steel hoop is securely connected to the indoor and outdoor longitudinal steel bars, forming a thermal insulation broken bridge type of composite pillar. This core layer is the high molecular thermal insulation panel or mineral wool panel or plant stalks panel or paper honeycomb panel. This outer protecting layer is the cement mortar or fine stone concrete or modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete.
The third structure of the composite thermal insulation members of building of the invention is a thermal insulation broken bridge type of the light composite girder comprising the longitudinal steel bars, outer protecting layer, core layer and the alkali-resistant netting fabric. This outer protecting layer bonded with the core layer is located on both sides and upper portion of the core layer. This longitudinal steel bars are located inside the outer protecting layer. The alkali-resistant netting fabric is located inside the outer protecting layer and bonded to it as well as lower surface of the core layer. Alternatively the alkali-resistant netting fabric is located on the surface of the outer protecting layer and is bonded to it as well as the lower surface of the core layer, or the alkali-resistant netting fabric is located inside the outer protecting layer and on its surface, and is bonded to the outer protecting layer as well as the lower surface of the core layer. The core layer, longitudinal steel bars and the outer protecting layer are wrapped and surrounded by the alkali-resistant netting fabric, forming the thermal insulation broken bridge type of the composite girder. This core layer is the high molecular thermal insulation panel, or mineral wool panel, or plant stalks panel or paper honeycomb panel. This outer protecting layer is cement mortar or fine stone concrete or modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete.
The second and third structures of the light composite thermal insulation members of building of the invention are aimed to provide the forth construction of the composite thermal insulation member—a load-carrying light composite thermal insulation wall.
The forth structure of the composite thermal insulation members of building of the invention is a load-carrying light composite thermal insulation wall comprising the girder or panel of the main structure, light composite girder, core layer, plastering outer protecting layer and light composite pillar. The light composite pillars are located on the girder or panel of the main structure and welded through the steel bars or steel panels, anchored with the girder or panel of the main structure. This core layer bonded to the light composite pillar is located on the upper portion of the girder or panel of the main structure and bonded with it. The light composite girders are located above the openings of the doors and windows and also supported on the light composite pillar. The light composite pillars, light composite girders and the outside of the core layers are connected integrally with the plastering outer protecting layer forming the load-carrying light composite thermal insulation wall having the light composite pillar. This light composite pillar is the thermal insulation broken bridge type of the light composite pillar or the light composite pillar having the heat bridge. This light composite girder is the thermal insulation broken bridge type of the light composite girder or the light composite girder having the heat bridge. This core layer is the high molecular thermal insulation panel or plant stalks panel or mineral wool panel or paper honeycomb panel. This plastering outer protecting layer is cement mortar or fine stone concrete or modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete.
The load-carrying light composite thermal insulation wall of the invention is able to solve the problems of the low energy consumption buildings using composite wall with light core layers without using the frame construction and of eliminating clay bricks in rural areas. Its cost is low and is beneficial to quake-proofing of the building enabling the common residences to meet the quake-proofing requirements under earthquake reaching the class of quake-proofing of the especially important engineering.
The fifth structure of the composite thermal insulation members of building of the invention is a light composite thermal insulation roof with the net plasters on both sides comprising the load-carrying components-girders, walls and outer protecting layers of the main structure, core layers, as well as the alkali-resistant netting fabric, metal mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen. This load-carrying component-girder of the main structure is the concrete girder, steel girder, wood girder or light composite girder. The wall is the concrete wall or masonry wall or load-carrying light composite thermal insulation wall. This core layer is the high molecular thermal insulation material or mineral wool or plant stalks or paper honeycomb panel. This outer protecting layer is the cement mortar or fine stone concrete plastering layer or modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete plastering layer. The lower outer protecting layer anchored to the load-carrying component girder or wall of the main structure is located on the load-carrying component girder or wall of the main structure. This core layer covered by the upper outer protecting layer is located between the upper and lower outer protecting layers. The alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen is embedded inside the outer protecting layer or the alkali-resistant netting fabric is adhered to the surface of the outer protecting layer, or the alkali-resistant netting fabric, steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen is embedded inside the outer protecting layer and the alkali-resistant netting fabric is further adhered to the surface of the outer protecting layer forming the light composite thermal insulation roof with the net plasters on both sides.
The steel construction skeleton located in city Harbin as described in the “Background arts” with the roof of 80000 m2 had used the composite roof of the invention which heat transfer coefficient is easily reduced to 0.4 w/m2k or even less with the coal consumption during every heating period reduced by 1324 ton leading to less exhaustion of CO2 up to 3230 ton.
It is necessary to ensure reliable bonding between the plastered outer protection layer and the core layer to form a force-bearing integrated composite component. Under the condition that the core layer is made of high molecular thermal insulation material, when the interface agent is used, it is necessary to operate according to the method described in the present Chinese patent in title “the operation method using the interface agent to resist the plasters to be cracked and increase the bonding strength of the plasters and the decoration surface” which has the application No. CN20081017949.0 and publication No. CN101424115. The interface agent provided by polyacrylate emulsion or the cement polymer mortar is recommended to be used. This patent effectively solved the problem that the wire net benzene panel uplifts and cracks during plastering by ensuring firmly and integrally bonding of the cement mortar plastering outer protection layer and the EPS panel. Experiment showed that when the composite wall was hit by a hammer, the cement mortar plastering outer protection layer was destroyed to pieces by the hammer and the EPS panel recessed as well as, but the bonding interface is still bonding. The destroyed bonded composite panel was kept submerged in water for 24 hours, then was kept frozen in the refrigerator for 12 hours, then to be melted and put into water again. These freezing and melting tests were repeated for 50 times, but surface bonding agent was not destructed and composite wall kept intact. This experiment proved that the freeze-thaw-proofing and waterproofing of the outer protection layer satisfy the application requirement.
The steel bars (including steel wire mesh and the alkali-resistant netting fabric as well as bamboo-reinforced screen subjected to the same tension), concrete (including the cement mortar having the same effect as concrete), masonry belong to the force-receiving materials of the structure while the high molecular heat preservation material and the chemical adhesive belong to the functional materials of the buildings. The existing various thermal insulation techniques of wall with the exception of the wall with light steel skeletons all belong to the amendment work of the original non-thermal insulation brittle wall which has the following problem: (1) too many heat bridges for example the sandwiched heat preservation wall or heat preservation masonry wall, (2) not safe, for example no safety fire-proofing in the heat preservation wall with thin plasters bonded by high molecular heat preservation layer, (3) not safe for the outer decoration surface. Due to heavy weight, these walls are not good at quake-proofing. On the other hand, the wall with light steel skeletons has high cost, due to non optimal mix of the force-bearing materials of construction with the functional materials of the architecture.
The composite heat preservation member of the composite thermal insulation wall with the net plasters on both sides according to the invention have combined the knowledge of architecture, structure, architecture physics, architecture thermal engineering, chemical adhesive and metallurgy and optimized the force-receiving materials of the building and the functional materials of the architecture. The force-receiving materials of the invention are located on the outside of the composite components with the core layer located in the middle of the composite component which are bonded with each other to form the composite component.
Technical effect of the invention: the composite thermal insulation members of the constructions are bonded with the outer protecting layers on both sides by using the light thermal insulation core layer. There are tension meshes or steel bars inside the outer protecting layers on the outside of the composite thermal insulation member forming light composite thermal insulation member. The invention not only develops the merits of the force-receiving materials, but also ensures the safely of the composite components with good thermal insulation and bonding effects of the functional materials. The light composite thermal insulation member significantly decreases the weight of constructions and can be used in constructions of any height. The invention provides technical support to construction of light wall and roofs with low heat transfer coefficients and quake-proofing as well as wind-proofing. Advanced technique of wall provides high performances, low cost, simple design and convenient construction.
As comparing with the composite wall of the prior art, the present invention has simple structure, convenient construction, greatly reduces material consumption of steel stainless steel and manpower consumption of installation, greatly decreases construction cost, and provides better force-bearing performance of the composite wall.
The invention simultaneously satisfies the requirements of wall: light weight, thermal insulation and energy saving, land saving, quake and wind-proofing, safety of outer decoration, fireproofing, duration, low cost, convenient construction.
The present invention undermines the concept of forming the traditional wall. China encounters many difficulties at energy saving and wall reforming in the past decades, because the wall technology is not only about the new-type wall material alone. Wall technology is a system engineer, which engages multiple disciplines in order to satisfy the various demands of the performance of the wall nowadays.
Embodiment 1: as shown in
The alkali-resistant netting fabric is the abbreviation of the alkali-resistant glass fiber net in the “alkali-resistant glass fiber net” JCT-841-2007 standard. The alkali-resistant netting fabric has considerable tension capability with residual tension strength of no less than 80% in a strong alkali common Portland cement environment. The GRC wall plate added with alkali-resistant short glass fiber which was used internationally since 1970s now is still in use. Especially in the environment of regular use indoors the alkali-resistant netting fabric has very good duration. The design value of the tension strength of the alkali-resistant netting fabric which is the product of the residual value of the alkali-resistant strength of that net multiplied by certain safety coefficient can be calculated according to steel bars and wire nets.
When the core layer is made of high molecular thermal insulation material, the core layer is cut into mass blocks and is bonded to the bonding face of the girder-pillar in the openings formed by the frame girder-pillar in operation. The core layers can be bonded to each other using a polymer glue, a polymer mortar, or a foam polyurethane glue. Bonding the strength-blocks with the polyurethane glue facilities construction but it is necessary to apply pressure and use the bracing when the net plasters are on both side of core layer, or apply the first round cement mortar or fine stone concrete protection layer on the high molecular core layer (see
Embodiment 2: as shown in
According to Embodiment 1 or 2, when the core layer is fixed between the inner frames formed by girder or plate and pillar or wall of the load-bearing component of the main structure of the building, the upper and lower parts and both sides of the composite wall body are bonded to the girder or pillar of the main structure by the alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal net or bamboo net. The composite wall body only bears the horizontal load and its own weight. When only one end the core layer is fixed to the girder or plate of the load-bearing component, the alkali-resistant netting fabric, metal net, bamboo net or the anchored steel bars are connected to the load-bearing component of the main structure only in one end. Under the horizontal load the composite wall body is the cantilever component which is used in the balcony fence and parapet wall etc. The parapet wall may be the same structure as the composite wall body at the windows shown in
Embodiment 3: as shown in
Embodiment 3 is suitable for energy-saving buildings. When the composite wall body with outside thermal insulation is constructed, first the core layer is bonded to the outside of the girder-pillar, then the core layer inside the openings of the girder-pillar of the frame is assembled. According to convenience of construction, economic analysis and duration use, the metal net or alkali-resistant netting fabric is determined. The bamboo reinforced net is suitable for simple low-level buildings. Internationally, the results of test of the GRC wall plate used for 25-30 years showed that under the regular condition of indoor use, the strength of the alkali-resistant glass fiber has not been reduced while the strength of that outdoors is reduced. This circumstance becomes more serious at the places more liable to wetting such as windows. Therefore, for the outer wall of design life span over 25 years, besides necessary water-proof measures, it is suitable to provide the steel bars and metal net plasters on outdoor side. In the case of providing the steel bars and metal net plasters on outdoor side for the outer thermal insulation wall body, it is suitable to vertically provide concrete supported cantilever on the outside of the main structure as described in the patent of “the description of related art”. As shown by the broken lines in
Using the aforementioned patent of the applicant described in “the description of related art”, reinforcement steel bars are provided in the openings of doors and windows, and the inside and outside tension connected wires are set in the corners of the openings or other necessary parts reinforces the inside and outside tension connections. According to the inner force analysis carried out by the finite element software for the composite wall body under horizontal load, the requirements of limit state are satisfied. When the reinforcement door and window steel bars are not provided in the openings of doors and windows, the composite wall body with net plasters on both sides of the Embodiments 1-3 is feasible and may be used in buildings in the areas having no strong wind, in particular the low-level or multilevel buildings of these areas. However, the openings weaken the edges of the openings of the wall plate which is not advantageous for force-bearing of the wall plate. When the inner force of the opening edge is calculated according the Chinese national standard “specification of the building structure loads” GB 50009, in the condition of relatively strong wind load received by the outer wall, the design requirements of limited state are not satisfied, the safety coefficient is low (for example, the ceramic blocks, blown-out concrete filled walls can not satisfy the design of limit state, although they may be used, but safety is poor).
Experiments show that under the condition of firm bonding of the plastered protection layer and the high molecular core layer by means of the interface agent the high molecular core layer may transmit shear force, but the bending of the positive section is dominant. The light composite thermal insulation wall body with net plasters on both sides increases the capability of the building to resist the horizontal displacement enabling to construct the energy saving and quake-proof as well as wind-resistance wall body with low cost which significantly reduces the investment of the main structure of the building. The structure of the composite wall body facilitates overlapping with the metal net or alkali-resistant netting fabric by means of providing the anchored steel bars in the pillar or inside the wall. However, due to the indoor upper and lower connected vertical steel bars, the wall body patent of the applicant described in “the description of related art” is not convenient to provide the horizontal steel bars in the pillar or on the wall otherwise it will increase the thickness of the indoor plastered layer, cost, weight and consumption of steel.
Embodiment 4; as shown in
Embodiment 5; as shown in
The indoor and outdoor steel bars in the Embodiments 4 and 5 are referred to the steel bars described in the applicant's patent shown in “the description of related art”. The inside and outside tension connected wires 9 are generally the wires of stainless steel for convenient construction.
In the composite wall body of the applicant's original patent described in “the description of related art” the consumption of the vertical steel bars indoor is large and it is not convenient to assembly the steel bars which are tension connected with the pillar, also the quantity of the assembled bolts is large. In this invention, in the condition that the anchored steel bars and the alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal net or bamboo reinforced net satisfy the overlapping requirements, i.e. the tension-resistant “net” becomes and functions as the tension steel bars of the bending component, and resist the cracks and make setting the anchored steel bars between the pillars and the walls possible without increasing the thickness of plastered protection layer. Thus the tension-resistant “net” develops the tension-resistant role in two directions forming the light composite shear wall. When use in the separating walls inside, it is necessary to provide the anchored steel bars in the upper and lower floors as well as the side pillars or walls. According to the present invention, the construction is convenient, the amount of labor and cost are decreased, the amount of steel is decreased substantially and the speed of construction is accelerated. Combination of the composite wall body of the invention and that descried in the former patent in the description of related art and also providing supporting cantilever outdoors as well as steel bars and metal net plasters can widely be used in the outer fences without height limitation. Duration of the composite wall body of the invention is good and the outer plastered layer and decoration layer are safe. In the case of fire, the high molecular core layer contracted, however because of the concrete cantilever supported components and the steel bars welded thereon and the wire net plasters banded with the steel bars, the outer protection layer is still suspending as a curtain wall.
Embodiment 6: as shown in
The embodiment satisfies the additional anti-theft requirements of some people, especially for the ground floor building. The inner ends of the inside and outside tension connected wires may be tension connected with the indoor wire net or the steel bars through the masonry plastered layer.
Embodiment 7: as shown in
In construction, the masonry core layer is bonded and the adhesive is applied to the bonding surface of every layer or the layer that is separated from the previous layer by the adjacent layer. The alkali-resistant netting fabric is adhered inside the bonding gap of the upper and lower core layers.
Embodiment 8: the embodiment is different from the preceding embodiment in that the core layer 3 of the composite wall body plastered by the alkali-resistant netting fabric of the embodiment has T-shaped section, which is beneficial to increase the plane rigidity of the composite wall body.
In the case of using Embodiment 1 or 2 in the load-carrying light composite wall body (the core layer is fixed on the girder or plate of the load-carrying component with the upper part provided with the light roof) sometimes the structures of Embodiment 7 or 8 are needed.
Embodiment 9: as shown in
Embodiment 10: as shown in
Embodiment 11: as shown in
Embodiments 10 and 11 combine the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate with the core layer which has the advantage of large rigidity after combination of the core layers and no bracing is required during plastering, but the combination and prefabrication cost is increased. It is preferred to bond, prefabricate and combine using the polyurethane foam glue or cement polymer mortar. It is not necessary to combine outside the pillar and girder of the frame i.e. the core layer is still remained, and only two sides or one side inside the openings of the frame formed by the pillar and girder of the frame are combined depending on convenience of construction. In order to ensure bonding of the plastered layer with the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate an interface agent is applied during plastering on the outside of the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate.
Embodiment 12: as shown in
Embodiment 13: as shown in
It is a common problem of buildings that the water-proofing of the openings of the doors-windows, especially of the windowsills, is not well treated. In present time the water-proof mortar is applied to the side faces of the outdoor openings of the doors-windows and then the gap between the cement mortar and the shaped materials of the doors-windows is sealed by elastic water-proof sealing glues, but sometimes the water-proof mortar may crack. The key position of water-proofing of the openings is the windowsills, but it is advantageous to bond the water-proof layer on the surroundings of the openings. The water-proof roll material is bonded to the outer protection layers of the openings and the indoor and outdoor cement mortar plastered outer protection layers which satisfy the requirements of the overlapping length. Then two sides of the doors-windows are protected by the plasters.
Embodiment 14: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the core layer 3 of the embodiment is a light masonry which is a blown-out concrete wall or a slag ceramic masonry wall or a perlite masonry wall
Embodiment 15: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3 are replaced by alkali-resistant glass fiber which is cut short located inside the outer protection layer 8. When the added quantity of the alkali-resistant glass fiber which is cut short in the cement mortar or fine stone concrete satisfies the value determined by the experiment, it can replace the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3.
The outer decoration of the composite wall body with the net plasters on both sides of the invention can be processed by the pigment decoration, decoration bricks and curtain wall decoration. In the case of curtain decoration the outdoor steel bars of the aforementioned patent can be replaced by the steel plate bands between which the densely spread steel plate bands can conveniently be welded, or the stainless steel bolts can be added to join the outdoor steel plate bands and the steel plates fixed inside the indoor outer protection layer for fitting the shaped steel of the heavy curtain wall decoration (for example the stone curtain wall). Alternatively it is also possible to densely spread the steel bars by means of the steel plates and weld the steel plates on the outdoor steel bars for welding with the shaped steel of the light curtain wall decoration such as the aluminum plastic plates.
Embodiment 16: as shown in
Glass is the material liable to bonding. Since the common cement mortar is easily frozen and destroyed under repeatable moistening, it is suitable to use the cement polymer mota or asphalt to bond the glass for the base. The cement polymer mortar should be used to the bonding between the glass and the high molecular core layer. The glass used for the water-proof air separation layer is also used for that of the underground buildings and also can be used for the positions on the ground which are needed and suitable for this.
Embodiment 17: as shown in
In the case of prefabrication of the composite pillar the interface agent should be applied to the high molecular core layer to bond the core layer and the cement mortar or fine stone concrete. It is necessary to avoid erosion of steel in the environment of lack of alkali in some positions of the core layer which will effect the duration. It is suitable to use stainless steel for the steel hoop 21 for example the C/3-C/4 stainless steel wires or heat galvanized wires.
As shown in
Embodiment 18: as shown in
Prefabrication of the light composite pillar having the heat bridges is troublesome which can be made by pre-fabrication of the heat separation broken bridge type of the light composite pillar and protection of the exposed core layer by the plasters after assembly. The light composite pillar having the heat bridges can be used in the non-heating areas, also can be used as the pillars with less load-carrying capacity for example the outer angle pillar of the balcony, decoration pillar etc.
Embodiment 19: as shown in
Embodiment 20: as shown in
The modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete is the ones including the coal powders, stone powders, additionally added agents. The modified cement mortar or fine stone concrete also includes the cement polymer mortar or polymer mortar formed by the added adhesives. Because that the bundles of the glass fiber are coated by resin, so it is necessary to use the cement polymer mortar to bond the alkali-resistant netting fabric to the core layer 3 and the outer protection layer 8.
Providing the alkali-resistant netting fabric inside the light composite girder is corresponding to providing the steel hoop inside the girder. The specification and number of the bonded layers of the alkali-resistant netting fabric are determined according to the calculation of the strength of the inclined section. It is easy for construction when the alkali-resistant netting fabric is bonded to the surface of the core layer or the surface of the cement mortar or the fine stone concrete by applying the adhesive or the cement polymer mortar as well as sandwiching inside the cement mortar or the fine stone concrete. The heat separation broken bridges can be formed only by applying the adhesive on the lower part of the light composite girder to bond the alkali-resistant netting fabric and not providing the cement mortar or fine stone concrete. It is troublesome to use the steel bars for the prefabrication of the steel hoop leading to significantly increase of the heat bridges.
The alkali-resistant netting fabric is provided according to the shear calculation. Generally for the relative large openings two layers of the alkali-resistant netting fabrics are bonded to both sides of the light composite girder as its steel hoop. Because of the high shear strength of the polymer mortar which is beneficial to the shear of the light composite girder and its secure bonding, so it is necessary to use the cement polymer mortar to bond the alkali-resistant netting fabric. The light composite girder is not only used in the light composite thermal insulation wall body with the single layer carrying the load having the plasters on two sides of Embodiment 1, but also in the light composite load-carrying wall body having the light composite pillar as in Embodiment 25, also as the girder of common masonry structure.
Embodiment 21: as shown in FIGS. 26,33, the embodiment is different from Embodiment 20 in that the embodiment has the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate 8-2 located on both sides of the core layer 3 and bonded to it. The outer protection layer 8 is provided on the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate 8-2. The alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is located on the surface of the outer protection layer 8 and bonded to it, or it is located on the surface of the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate 8-2 and bonded to it.
Bonding the cement fiber plate or the calcium silicate plate on two sides of the core layer decreases the wet operation of plastering, and accelerates the pre-fabrication of the light composite girder. Because the concrete outer protection layer on the upper part of the core layer can be shaped in one time, so it is not necessary to provide the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate on it. After the cement fiber plate or the calcium silicate plate have been bonded to two sides of the core layer 3 the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is bonded to the cement fiber plate or the calcium silicate plate by the cement polymer mortar banding and surrounding the core layer, the longitudinal steel bars and the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate.
Embodiment 22: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 20 or 21 in that the outer protection layer 8 is located on the surroundings of the core layer 3 forming the light composite girder having the heat bridges with the outer protection layer on the surroundings.
The light composite girder with the outer protection layer on the surroundings used as the lintel is the light composite girder having the heat bridges. Providing the outer protection layer on the surroundings of the core layer 3 significantly increases the work of prefabrication of the light composite girder leading to increase of the weight. Therefore generally for the lintels of the doors-windows it is not necessary that the outer protection layer 8 is located under the core layer 3. The light composite girder with the outer protection layer 8 on the surroundings of the core layer 3 may be used as the decoration girder.
Embodiment 23: as shown in
The embodiment facilitates fixing and assembling of the skeleton. Providing the pre-embedded steel band can be used as the upper steel bars of the light composite girder, i.e. the upper steel bars of the light composite girder may be not provided.
Embodiment 24: as shown in
Embodiment 25: as shown in
The light composite pillar (girder) having heat bridges of the embodiment is referred to that of Embodiment 17 (20).
Providing the light composite pillar on the doors-windows or other needed places makes the composite wall body of the single level building having the light composite pillar to withstand relatively large loads transmitted from the lintels of the doors-windows and the upper roofs, especially the collective loads which is the object of providing the light composite pillar. As shown in
It is necessary to use different adhesive materials according to their different properties to bond the core layer with the concrete, between the core layers and the core layer with the light composite pillar, light composite girder. It is possible to use the polymer mortar to bond it with the concrete of the base, and use the polymer glue (not including sand) to bond the high molecular core layers each other. It is also possible to use the polyurethane glue to extrude each other for bonding which accelerates the construction, especially when the latter does not form the heat bridge of the gap between the thermal insulation layers leading to good thermal insulation.
The rigidity of the core layer is small, so it is necessary to use bracing during construction. After assembly of the core layer it is necessary first to apply the interface agent on both sides of the core layer, then plaster and bond integrally, and then fit the light composite girder. Alternatively it is possible to combine the both sides of the core layer and the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate for increasing the rigidity according to Embodiment 27, and then fit the light composite girder.
In assembly of the doors and windows it is possible to fix with the protection layer of the cement mortar or fine stone concrete on both sides of the composite pillar. At the side edges of the openings the heat separation broken bridge type of the composite pillar of the embodiment (
It is necessary to make water-proofing at the openings for the heat separation thermal insulation wall body of the broken bridge type. After fitting the doors and the windows it is necessary to apply the water-proof mortar outdoors and seal the gap between the cement mortar and the shaped steel of the windows by the elastic water-proof glue, or provide the water-proof layer of the openings according to Embodiment 26.
The capability of withstanding the vertical loads of the light composite thermal insulation load-carrying wall body having the light composite pillar of the embodiment is bigger than that of Embodiment 1 or 2. The light composite pillar is designed according to the “Design specifications of the concrete structures” GB50010 about the calculation of the pressure withstanding on the positive sections of the concrete. The flexible wall bodies described in the Description of Related Arts is suitable for the frame structures and the wall bodies of the single level building having the collective load as well as the single level building of light floors. For example in
N≦0.9 φ(fcA+fy′A s′)=0.9×0.36(5×80×200+300×4×50)=0.324×(80000+60000)=0.324×140000 N=45360 N=4.54 t.
Where fc=5 N/mm2 is the value according to M15 cement mortar transferred into the design value of the C15 concrete compression strength 7.2 N/mm2×0.7=5 N/mm2.
The calculation result of the above formula mostly satisfies the collective load transmitted from the reactive force of the support of the skeleton of the light roof of the civil building of single level (the reactive force of the support of the skeleton of the light roof including the snow load and the partial factors usually not exceeds 1 t and reaches 2.5-3 t for the clay tile roof). In the condition that the connection with the base is only effected by the rigidity of the light composite pillar the light composite pillar not only has the capability of withstanding the vertical loads, but also the capability of withstanding the horizontal wind load and earthquake action transferred from the outer wall and the roof.
Embodiment 26: as shown in
The polyethylene polypropylene composite water-proof roll material or the polyethylene polyester water-proof roll material SBC120 is made by the non-woven cloth or polyester cloth of polypropylene filament of high strength made by the new method of the hot melt spun bonding with the anti-aging agent and the main adhesive added to the linear polyenthylene resin of low density. The roll material itself is the thermal insulation material. The polyethylene polypropylene composite roll material has the merits of high tension strength, strong capability of anti-penetration, good flexibility of low temperature, low coefficient of linear expansion, easy bonding, good capability to suit deformation, wide temperature range of use, good duration and has the thickness of 0.6 mm and the standard value of tension strength 48 N/cm at the weight of 300 g/m2. The tension strength and duration of the polyethylene polyester water-proof roll material is better than that of the polyethylene polypropylene composite water-proof roll material. Bonding the water-proof roll material to the surroundings of the light composite girder by the cement mota cooperated with the adhesive or the cement polymer mortar can resist water and reinforce the material.
Providing the water-proof layer on the core layer of the windowsill of the opening not only can resist water, but also reinforce the inside and outside tension connection of the composite wall body. The polyethylene polypropylene composite water-proof roll material or the polyethylene polyester water-proof roll material which itself is the high molecular thermal insulation material is flexible and can be bonded by the cement polymer mortar to the thin plasters with its total thickness of 1-3 mm causing little increase of the heat transfer. If the steel mesh (usually the wire net) is provided on the windowsill of the opening to be inside and outside tension connected, then the heat transfer increases and it is not convenient for construction. Therefore providing the high molecular water-proof layer on the surroundings of the windowsill of the opening plays the rule of water-proofing, tension connection and the heat separation broken bridge, also its construction is convenient and the cost is low. This is the essential technical measure for protection of the door or window openings of the composite wall body from suffering of rain.
Embodiment 27: as shown in
The embodiment increases the rigidity of the core layer. It is more convenient for construction, but the cost of pre-combination and bonding of the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate with the core layer is increased. The interface agent is applied on the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate. In the case of relatively thick cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate it can replace the plastered outer protection layer, while in the case of relatively thin said plate it can only replace a part of the plastered outer protection layer.
Embodiment 28: as shown in
Embodiment 29: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 25 or 26 in that the embodiment has the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 bonded to the joins of the light composite pillar 11, light composite girder 12, and the plastered outer protection layer 8-1 on the outer side of the core layer 3, or to the joins of the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate 8-2 which is bonded to the light composite pillar 11, light composite girder 12 and the core layer 3, or to the core layer 3 of the windowsill of the opening. The alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is overlapped with the inside and outside plastered outer protection layers 8 of the windowsill of the opening.
Bonding the alkali-resistant netting fabric on the core layer of the windowsill of the opening and overlapping with the inside and outside plastered outer protection layers facilitate the tension connection of the plastered outer protection layers inside and outside of the core layer. When there is no water-proof layer in the opening, the alkali-resistant netting fabric may not be bonded to the windowsill of the opening. If the alkali-resistant netting fabric is bonded, then it should be located in the inner side of the water-proof layer and covered by it as well as bonded to it. The embodiment is beneficial to the tension connection between the wall body components preventing the cracks occurred in the joins. If the alkali-resistant netting fabric is provided according to Embodiment 30, then the alkali-resistant netting fabric may not be bonded to the joins for the tension connection.
Embodiment 30: as shown in
Embodiment 31: as shown in
In Embodiment 30 or 31 the light composite pillar, light composite girder and the core layer are tension connected by the tension net provided inside the plastered layer which is leading to better integrity of the composite wall body and is beneficial to resistance of the cracks, quake-proofing and wind-proofing. The bamboo-reinforced screen is usually used in the simple building. In the areas abundant in the bamboos, the bamboo-reinforced screen can be fitted within the inside and outside plastered outer protection layers. The specification of the bamboo-reinforced screen is determined according to experiments or experience. The steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen should be embedded inside the plastered outer protection layer and it is more convenient to bond the alkali-resistant netting fabric on the surface of the plastered outer protection layer.
Embodiment 32: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 30 in that the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3 of the embodiment is located inside the plastered layer on the side face of the girder or plate 1 of the main structure and bonded to it, or the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is located on the outer surface of the girder or plate 1 of the main structure and bonded to it.
Embodiment 33: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 31 in that the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3 of the embodiment is located inside the plastered layer on the side face of the girder or plate 1 of the main structure and bonded to it, or the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is located on the outer surface of the girder or plate 1 of the main structure and bonded to it.
In Embodiments 32 and 33 the most reliable bonding material for bonding the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen to the plastered layer on the side face of the girder or plate of the main structure is the cement polymer mortar i.e. in plastering the side face of the base girder the bonding of the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen with the side face of the girder or plate of the main structure is carried out.
Embodiment 34: as shown in
Embodiment 35: as shown in
In the case that the girder or plate of the main structure is relatively wide thus it is impossible to anchor the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen with two sides of the girder; it is suitable to provide the anchored steel bars 2 to be fixed with the girder or plate of the main structure. For the anchored steel bars usually the C/4 heat galvanized iron wires are used which have good anti-erosion property not increasing the thickness of the plastered layer. The overlapping length of the anchored steel bars and the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen must be satisfied. The essence of the embodiment is to replace the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3 of Embodiments 30 and 31 by the anchored steel bars 2 and to fix them with the main structure.
In Embodiments 32-35 the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen is anchored with the main structure making the composite wall body and the base firmly and integrally connected with large rigidity of the wall body itself which can resist the earthquake and wind not depending on the light composite pillar and is beneficial to the quake- and wind-proofing. Also because of the convenience of construction and little increase of the investment the light composite thermal insulation wall body of the invention not only satisfies the quake-proof requirements under the frequently encountered earthquake, but also is easy to satisfy the quake-proof requirements of the rear encountered earthquake action (see the “Specification of the rigidity calculation of the high molecular plate and the composite light wall plate bonded by C15 concrete”).
Embodiment 36: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 26 in that the water-proof layer 15 is located on the surface of the plastered outer protection layer 8-1 and boned to it.
Embodiment 37: as shown in
Embodiment 38: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 25 or 26 in that the light composite pillar 11 (or girder 12) is replaced by the wood or bamboo pillar (or girder). The anchoring of the wood or bamboo pillar with the girder or plate 1 of the main structure is achieved by the iron component connection or casting of the concrete.
Embodiment 39: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 25 or 26 in that the core layer 3 of the embodiment is replaced by the light wall. The light wall is the blown-out concrete wall or slug ceramic masonry wall or perlite masonry wall or sulphoaluminate thermal insulation plate wall. When the light wall of the light inorganic materials is used, the plastering with the cement mortar or fine stone concrete may be carried out after the masonry fitting
Embodiment 40: as shown in
Calculations of the rigidity of the composite wall plate with the core layer made of the high molecular material
1. Calculation of the rigidity of the C25 concrete of 1.0 m width,
where h—the thickness of the concrete plate;
E=2.8×104 N/mm2—the elastic modulus of the C25 concrete.
2. Calculation of the rigidity of the composite plate of with the core layer made of the high molecular material having the calculation width of 1.0 m (see
where h—the thickness of the core layer;
a—the thickness of the plastered layer; wherein the plastered layer is the C15 fine stone concrete;
E=2.8×104 N/mm2—the elastic modulus of the C15 concrete.
It can be seen from the calculations that for the composite wall body when the thickness of the high molecular core layer reaches 150 mm, the rigidity of the light composite wall body is not less than that of the C25 concrete of 160 mm thickness. The weight of the composite wall body is 15% of the weight of the brick wall of 370 mm thickness, 20% of the weight of the brick wall of 240 mm thickness, and 50% of the weight of the hollow slug ceramic wall of 200 mm thickness. Therefore the earthquake action occurred in the wall body decreases 85%, 80% and 50% correspondingly. The foam polyethylene Ben plate EPS has the effect of absorption of the earthquake action. Providing the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen inside and outside the wall body and anchoring with the base are liable to make the load-carrying light wall body satisfy the quake-proof requirements of the rear encountered earthquake action.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200810209830X | Dec 2008 | CN | national |
| 200910072916.7 | Sep 2009 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2009/001390 | 12/8/2009 | WO | 00 | 6/16/2011 |
