Claims
- 1. An anti-icing composition, comprising:
- (a) at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, pentaerythritol and dulcitol;
- (b) 5 to about 25 wt. % of at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound having a molecular weight less than about 201 atomic mass units and a carbon percentage less than about 40% by weight; and
- (c) at least one non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound.
- 2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a monohydric alcohol.
- 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound is selected from the group consisting of magnesium acetate, sodium acetate, magnesium formate, sodium formate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and glycerin carbonate.
- 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a biocide, a stabilizer, an anti-oxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a thickener, and a pH adjuster.
- 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the at least one non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium tetraborate and aluminum sulfate, and the monohydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and methanol.
- 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a conductivity of less than about 15 mS/cm.
- 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a flashpoint greater than about 160.degree. C.
- 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a 20-day BOD less than about 0.4 kg oxygen/kg solution.
- 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a peak oxygen depletion rate occurring in less than about 3 days.
- 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 11. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 12. An anti-icing composition according to claim 1, wherein said inorganic compound is a non-nitrogen inorganic compound.
- 13. An anti-icing composition, comprising:
- (a) at least one polyhydric alcohol having the formula C.sub.x H.sub.y O.sub.z, where 2<x<7, y=2x+2, and z=x or z=x-1 and z>2;
- (b) 5 to about 25 wt. % of at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound having a molecular weight less than about 201 atomic mass units and a carbon percentage less than about 40% by weight; and
- (c) at least one non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound.
- 14. An anti-icing method comprising the step of applying to a surface a composition, comprising:
- (a) at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, pentaerythritol and dulcitol;
- (b) 5 to about 25 wt. % of at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound having a molecular weight less than about 201 atomic mass units and a molecular carbon percentage less than about 40% by weight; and
- (c) at least one non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound.
- 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition further comprises a monohydric alcohol.
- 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound is selected from the group consisting of magnesium acetate, sodium acetate, magnesium formate, sodium formate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and glycerin carbonate.
- 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a biocide, a stabilizer, an anti-oxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a thickener, and a pH adjuster.
- 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium tetraborate and aluminum sulfate, and where the monohydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and methanol.
- 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition has a conductivity of less than about 15 mS/cm.
- 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition has a flashpoint greater than about 160.degree. C.
- 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition has a 20-day BOD of less than about 0.4 kg oxygen/kg solution.
- 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition has a peak oxygen depletion rate occurring in less than about 3 days.
- 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 25. The method of claim 16, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 27. The method of claim 18, wherein the composition has a freezing point depression of at least 20.degree. C.
- 28. The method of claim 14, wherein the surface is selected from the group consisting of vehicle surfaces, aircraft surfaces, airfields and roadways.
- 29. The method of claim 14, wherein the surface has a surface temperature of lower than about -20.degree. C.
- 30. An anti-icing method comprising applying a composition to a surface, said composition comprising:
- (a) 15 to about 75% by weight of at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, pentaerythritol and dulcitol;
- (b) 5 to about 25% by weight of at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound having a molecular weight less than about 201 atomic mass units and a molecular carbon percentage less than about 40% by weight;
- (c) 5 to about 30% by weight of at least one non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compound; and
- (d) zero to approximately 5% by weight of at least one monohydric alcohol.
- 31. An anti-icing method comprising the step of applying to a surface a composition, comprising:
- (a) 15 to about 75% by weight of glycerol;
- (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sodium acetate, sodium formate, magnesium acetate, magnesium formate and organic carbonates;
- (c) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate and sodium tetraborate; and
- (d) zero to approximately 5% by weight of ethanol or methanol.
- 32. An anti-icing method according to claim 31, wherein (b) is present in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight and (c) is present in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight.
- 33. A heat transfer method comprising:
- introducing a composition into a system and utilizing the composition to exchange heat in the system, wherein the composition comprises:
- (a) at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, pentaerythritol and dulcitol; and
- (b) at least one non-potassium, non-nitrogen organic compound having a molecular weight less than about 201 atomic mass units and a molecular carbon percentage less than about 40% by weight.
STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTION MADE UNDER FEDERALLY-SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The U.S. Government has a paid-up license in this invention and the right in limited circumstances to require the patent owner to license others on reasonable terms as provided for by the terms of contract No. F33615-97-C-5644 awarded by U.S. Air Force, Wright Laboratory (AFMC) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
US Referenced Citations (11)
Foreign Referenced Citations (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
WO 8704450 |
Jul 1987 |
WOX |
WO 9623043 |
Aug 1996 |
WOX |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (1)
Entry |
WPIDS Abstract No. 95-320958, abstract of Canadian Patent Specification No. 2139721, Jul. 1995. |