Patent Grant
9962324
This application is a § 371 National Stage Application of PCT International Application No. PCT/SE2013/050622 filed May 30, 2013, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to a composition including a buffered lactic acid, to a cream including the composition and to a hygiene and/or absorbent product including the composition and to a use of a buffered lactic acid as a lubricant.
Skin functions as a body's barrier to the environment and mucous membranes function as linings for cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. For example, urogenital areas include mucous membranes.
Absorbent products, such as tampons for intra-vaginal use and wearable absorbent products such as diapers, sanitary napkins and incontinence products have long been in use to absorb bodily fluids, such as urine and/or blood. Other hygiene products, such as wipes and/or towels have been used for example for cleaning purposes.
When the tampon is inserted into a vagina, the mucous membrane of the user may be irritated due to friction between the mucous membrane and the tampon. Further, if mucous membrane is fragile and/or dry it may be difficult and painful to use regular tampons. Also wearable absorbent products and hygiene products, such as wipes and/or towels may chafe sensitive skin during use. Consequences of the use may be damaged skin or mucous membrane with small wounds and irritations. The skin may be further damaged or irritated when for example urine or blood comes into contact with the damaged skin.
Problems with skin irritation due to friction between the skin and/or the mucous membrane of a user and absorbent and/or hygiene products may thus occur.
Accordingly, there is a need to reduce the risk for irritation in mucous membrane and/or skin irritation, especially when absorbent and/or hygiene products are used.
It is desired to provide a composition which reduces the risk for irritation in mucous membrane and/or skin. It is also desired to provide a composition that protects the skin, and for example increases the resistance of the skin or mucous membrane to absorbent or hygiene products that are adapted to contain urine, blood, and/or other body liquids and that come into contact with the skin or the mucous membrane.
Disclosed is a composition including a buffered lactic acid having a pH within the range of from 3.0 to 6.5, and a water activity of from 0.03 to 0.60. It has been surprisingly found that the composition is lubricating and is thus a lubricant. The composition is gel-like, viscous and slippery, and provides these features to skin to which it is applied. The composition may be used as such, e.g. as a barrier cream, or the composition may be used together with the use of a hygiene and/or absorbent product. When the composition is used together with the use of hygiene and/or absorbent products the composition reduces friction between the user and an absorbent/hygienic product, thus enabling the use of tampons, wearable absorbent products and hygienic products, such as wipes or towels, by a user having a sensitive skin and/or dry or fragile mucous membrane.
An additional advantage is that the composition has a pH in the acidic range which is close to the pH of the skin and/or mucous membrane.
The composition may be aimed for use in a method for protecting skin and/or mucous membrane against chafing by applying to the skin and/or mucous membrane a layer of the lubricant composition. In this way, the composition functions as a barrier and when the composition is used together with an absorbent and/or hygiene product the friction between the skin and/or mucous membrane of the user and the absorbent and/or hygiene product can be reduced when the product is in contact with the skin and/or mucous membrane. When the composition is used together with an absorbent and/or hygiene product, the composition may be applied to the absorbent and/or hygiene product or it may be applied to the skin and/or mucous membrane in a separate step. An advantage with applying the composition in a separate step is that the composition may be applied to an area on the skin and/or mucous membrane where the composition is most needed that can be different for different users and circumstances.
The composition is alternatively or additionally aimed for use in a method for protecting skin and/or mucous membrane against chafing by applying to at least a portion of a hygiene and/or an absorbent product a layer of the lubricant composition, wherein the composition is brought in contact with the skin of the wearer during use. These products are thus rendered more slippery and smooth, either locally or over the entire surface of the products depending on where in the product the lubricating composition is applied. The lubricating composition may be applied on the areas of the wearable absorbent product that come into contact with the urogenital areas of the user, whereby a product with advantageous skin caring properties is provided while problems with chafing are reduced.
The composition can obtain the desired water activity by drying. Drying can be performed in controlled conditions, and thus repeatable results for the water activity can be obtained in an efficient way.
The composition may have pH within the range of from 3.5 to 5.5, which is advantageous from a skin/mucous membrane care point of view.
The water activity of the composition is from 0.03 to 0.60. For example, the water activity can be from 0.10 to 0.50 or from 0.10 to 0.30. It is advantageous to keep the water activity less than 0.50, since the amount of free water in the composition is thus low. Since there is only a very small amount of free water in the composition, microbial growth can be inhibited and the product can be kept hygienic during storage. Another advantage is that no preservative is needed.
The salt buffering the lactic acid may be an alkali metal salt of lactic acid. The salt can be for example potassium lactate.
The composition may further include an essentially water-free additive. These water-free additives may further contribute to the skin and/or mucous membrane caring properties of the composition and thus improve the properties of the absorbent product. Since the additive is substantially water-free, microbial growth can be prevented. The water-free additive may be for example hydrophobic and naturally essentially water-free additive such as oils, waxes and fats. The addition of these hydrophobic substances can increase the barrier properties of the formulation and hence improve the protection of skin against irritating substances. Examples of oils are vegetable and mineral oils. Examples of waxes are petrolatum, beeswax, silicone wax, vegetable waxes. Examples of fats are lanolin and cocoa butter.
Additives can also be dried to be essentially water free. Examples of additives that can be dried and may contribute to soothing and/or prevention of infection/irritation are: botanical actives, prebiotic substances, probiotic bacteria, minerals, inorganic additives, salts and vitamins. The additive used in the composition may be chosen from these additives.
The amount of the buffered lactic acid in the composition may be from 10 to 100 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. Within this range, besides having very good lubricating properties, the composition has also preferable pH regulating properties.
Further disclosed is a hygiene product including the composition defined above.
Also disclosed is an absorbent product including the composition defined above. The composition may be located on or in a surface layer of the absorbent product, which layer faces the user during use. In this way, the composition can come into contact with the skin or mucous membrane of the user, and thus friction between the product and the skin and/or mucous membrane can be decreased.
Also disclosed is a use of a buffered lactic acid as a lubricant, wherein the lubricant has a pH within the range of from 3.0 to 6.5 and a water activity of from 0.03 to 0.60. The buffered lactic acid may be dried to obtain the desired water activity.
Other features and advantages of the invention are described below also with reference to the appended drawings.
By “absorbent product” is meant a product that absorbs or is adapted to absorb bodily fluids, such as urine or blood.
By “wearable absorbent product” is meant an absorbent article which is to be worn by the user, such as a diaper, pant-type diaper, sanitary napkin, panty-liner or incontinence product.
By “hygiene product” is meant a hygiene product for personal cleaning and/or wiping. The hygiene product may include tissue and/or nonwoven. Examples of hygiene products are a wet wipes, dry wipes, washcloths, patches, towelettes, napkins, handkerchiefs, personal cleansing such as make-up wipes and the like. The hygiene product is mainly aimed for wiping or cleaning purposes.
By “buffered” is meant that a salt of weak acid (or base) has been added to a composition to resist changes in its acidity (or alkalinity) and thus the pH of the composition has been stabilized.
“Water activity” of a composition is defined as the ratio of the vapor-pressure of water in the composition (p) to the vapor-pressure of pure water (p0) at the same temperature. Hence water activity of pure water aw=1, 0. Water activity can also be expressed as “free” or “available” water in the composition. Water activity affects physical properties of the composition as well as rates of deteriorative reactions and microbial growth during storage.
By “lubricating” or “lubricant” is meant a substance or composition that serves to lubricate, thus making a surface onto which the composition is applied slippery.
The absorbent product may be for example a tampon, diaper, sanitary napkin or incontinence product and includes a lubricating composition.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating composition includes a buffered lactic acid having a pH within the range of from 3.0 to 6.5, and a water activity of less than or equal with 0.60, e.g. from 0.03 to 0.60. It has been surprisingly found out that the composition is gel-like and slippery in consistency, and thus provides for a lubricating effect when used in absorbent products. The composition is also slightly acidic and thus suitable for use in close contact with the skin and/or mucus membrane of a wearer of the absorbent product. Further, since the composition is dried to a low water activity, there is no or a very small risk for microbial growth in the composition, and hence no preservative is needed. Therefore, the composition has been found to be suitable for use in absorbent products. The amount of buffered lactic acid may be of from 10 to 100 weight-%.
The pH of the composition may be within the range of from 3.5 to 5.5, since the human skin and mucous membrane are slightly acidic. Thus risk of skin irritation can be reduced. The pH of the composition may be modified or adjusted by varying the ratio of the buffering salt and lactic acid in the composition. The buffering salt may be for example an alkaline earth metal salt or alkali metal salt of lactic acid. Also alkali solutions such as potassium hydroxide may be used to buffer lactic acid.
The water activity of the composition is from 0.03 to 0.60 and may be obtained by drying the composition to a desired water activity. The water activity may be from 0.10 to 0.50, such as from 0.10 to 0.30, whereby there is a very low or practically no microbial proliferation in the composition.
The composition may include an essentially water-free additive. As mentioned above, the water-free additive may be for example hydrophobic and naturally essentially water-free additive such as oils, waxes and fats. The addition of these hydrophobic substances can increase the barrier properties of the formulation and hence improve the protection of skin against irritating substances. Examples of oils are vegetable and mineral oils. Examples of waxes are petrolatum, beeswax, silicone wax, vegetable waxes. Examples of fats are lanolin and cocoa butter.
Additives can also be dried to be essentially water free. Examples of additives that can be dried and may contribute to soothing and/or prevention of infection/irritation are: botanical actives, prebiotic substances, probiotic bacteria, minerals, inorganic additives, salts and vitamins. The additives further improve the properties of the composition making the composition smooth and providing skin and/or mucous membrane caring properties to the composition. The additive can be added to the composition after the buffered lactic acid has been dried to a desired water activity. If the additive needs to be dried, it may be added to the composition prior to drying and be dried as a mixture. The amount of the water free additive may be of from 0 to 90% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the composition, for example, the amount is of from 0 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
According to embodiments of the invention, hygiene and/or absorbent products include the above-defined composition. The composition can be added on at least a portion of the product so as to be transferable to the skin of the user during use. The composition is thus used in a method for protecting skin and/or mucous membrane against chafing by applying to at least a portion of the product a layer of the lubricant composition, which is then transferred to the skin of the wearer during use.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the composition includes the buffered lactic acid may be coated on the surface of the hygiene and/or absorbent product, e.g. on a top sheet, which faces the user, of a wearable absorbent product. The composition may be coated on the product such that the composition is located on or in a surface layer of the absorbent product. The whole surface or the product may be coated with the composition or just a portion of the product may be coated with the composition. The coating may be performed for example by immersing the product, e.g. a wipe, in the composition. The composition may be added to one or several of the mentioned positions. The composition may be applied by means of any suitable application method, such as for example spraying, coating, and/or printing. The composition may be applied to the hygiene/absorbent article in an amount ranging from 1-100 g/m2.
The absorbent product may have several parts that come in to contact with the skin or mucous membrane in the urogenital area of the user. During use, chafing can be caused in the areas where the absorbent product is in contact with the skin, such as in the areas around the waist, hips, and legs, or in case of a tampon, in the mucous membrane of the vagina. Chafing can also be caused in the urogenital areas of the user that is in the crotch area or the wearable product. These areas are also wet areas of the absorbent products, i.e. areas where the absorbent product receives and stores urine and/or blood. The composition of embodiments of the present invention protects the skin against chafing.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the wearable absorbent product may include the lubricating composition over a part of the surface of the product, e.g. on parts of the top sheet of the product or on the top surface of a tampon that is in contact with the skin and/or mucous membrane of the user. The lubricating composition may be applied on the parts of the product that come into contact with the urogenital areas of the user, e.g. in the crotch region of the wearable absorbent product. When the lubricating composition is applied to the crotch region of the absorbent product, the skin caring properties of the lubricating agent may be utilized in the sensitive urogenital areas of the user.
Alternatively, the lubricating agent may be applied in or on the parts of the absorbent product where there is a risk for chafing of the skin and thus the lubricating composition may additionally or alternatively be applied to any portion of the article that is in contact with the skin of the wearer during use. Such portions include in addition to the edge regions of the top sheet, elasticized side flaps, barrier flaps, wings, belts in a belted diaper, and/or waist portion, hip portion, outer edges of the absorbent product, outer parts of standing gathers and/or in or on the wet parts of the product.
The composition may also be applied to the skin or mucous membrane to protect them against chafing.
Embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail, with reference to the figures that are shown on the appended drawings. In the drawings:
The tampon 100 shown in
The tampon 100 is provided with longitudinally extending grooves or channels in the form of compression lines 108, 109. The compression lines are wave-shaped in
As described above, the lubricating composition may be also be used on wearable absorbent products to reduce friction between the absorbent product and for example urogenital region of the user and/or other areas of the body of the user.
The lubricating agent may be used on the wearable absorbent product to reduce the friction between the wearable absorbent product and the urogenital region of the user.
As best shown in
As shown in
Generally, the printing method may be chosen from any suitable means, e.g. flexographic, gravure or digital printing utilizing e.g. spray application.
Of course, any coating method and the different coating patterns may be used in all kinds of tampons and/or wearable absorbent products.
In another embodiment, only the outer edges on the reinforcement region 203, as illustrated in
In yet another embodiment, the whole surface of the panty liner 200 is coated with the lubricating composition.
Alternatively, the outer edges on the reinforcement region 303 and/or the wings are coated with the lubrication composition 311 to reduce friction between the thighs of the wearer and the panty liner and thus reduce the risk for chafing.
In a similar manner as in connection with the panty liner shown in
The lubricating composition may be coated on part of the surface facing the wearer, or the composition may be coated for example on the front portion 415 and/or rear portion 417 and/or on the elastic barrier flaps 423, i.e. on the areas where there is a risk for chafing and where friction between the wearer and the diaper needs to be reduced.
Alternatively, the lubricating composition may be coated on the parts of the crotch region 419 that come into contact with the urogenital region of the user. As above, in this way friction may be reduced between the absorbent product and the user while optimal skin care is provided due to the low pH of the composition.
The diaper 500 shown in
Alternatively, the lubricating composition may be coated on the parts of the crotch region 519 that come into contact with the urogenital region of the user. As above, in this way friction may be reduced between the absorbent product and the user while skin care is provided due to the low pH of the composition.
This test was performed to show if the lubricating composition including the buffered lactic acid could be used to lower shear forces and hence possibly chafe when for example used on the surfaces of tampons.
The test was performed using a device illustrated in
A tensometer, DIA-STRON MMT 170, measured the force during the pulling of the tampon 603 from its position, pressed to the surface and under the ruler, and out. The Start position was 20 mm, displacement was 50 mm and rate was 150 mm/min. During the process of pulling out the tampon, the force varied. In the Table 1 below, the slip-force (force when tampon starts to move) was registered.
Since there are small variations in size of tampons even within the same package the same tampon was measured both before and after treatment with the lubricating composition including buffered lactic acid. First, the slip-force was measured three times with the untreated tampon and thereafter the lubricating composition was distributed on the surface of the tampon and the slip-force was measured three more times. The lubricating composition was evenly distributed on the lower half of surface of the tampon by means of a tiny brush. The amount of lubricating composition on the tampons was between 0.7-0.8 g. The measured values are also shown in Table 1.
In this test, many different lubricating compositions including buffered lactic acid were tested. The lactic acid was buffered with either potassium lactate or potassium hydroxide. It was buffered to different pH. The lubricating composition was dried to different levels to achieve different water activities. The instrument used to measure water activity was: AquaLab, Model Series 3 TE, Serial# TE8105. It was calibrated using lithium chloride 13.41 M and all measurements were performed in 23 C.
Table 1 below shows the different lubricating compositions and the measured pH, water activity and slip-forces. The slip-force is a mean value from three repetitions.
In
Based on the results in the tests it can be concluded that there was a reduced slip-force for all the tampons including the lubricating composition including lactic acid. In all cases, the tampon covered with the composition showed lower slip-force compared to the untreated tampon.
This test was performed to investigate if the lubricating composition including buffered lactic acid was able to adjust pH on skin when it was used alone and in a hydrophobic blend with Petrolatum (Snow white P1 from Sonneborn) according to table 2.
0.1 g of the composition was applied on the fore arm skin of a test person as a circular spot of about 2 cm diameter and covered by a plastic film. The composition was kept on the skin for 1 hour. Thereafter the excess of lubricating composition was gently removed with a soft wipe, gently flushed with deionised water and gently dried with a dry piece of paper. After another one minute of rest in air, pH on skin was measured using a pH meter (flat probe VWR™SYMPHONY SB80PI).
The composition used was produced with 15.2 ml of DL-lactic acid solution (85 weight %) which was blended with 46.6 ml potassium lactate solution (50 weight %). This blend was further dried in a dry chamber to a water activity of 0.2. This lubricating composition was further equilibrated in a climate of 25° C. and 50% rH which resulted in a water activity of 0.3. pH on the readymade lubricating composition was measured to be 4.3.
Thus it can be concluded that the lubricating composition including buffered lactic acid was able to adjust pH on the fore arm skin—both alone or blended with petrolatum. The same final pH was achieved for all the blends containing the lubricating composition including buffered lactic acid.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the present invention.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2013/050622 | 5/30/2013 | WO | 00 |
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| WO2014/193279 | 12/4/2014 | WO | A |
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| 20160128921 A1 | May 2016 | US |
