Patent Application
20220160009
The present disclosure relates to a sweetener composition including a transfructosylated steviol glycoside.
As the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends lowering the amount of daily sugar intake due to concerns about disease (obesity) caused by sugar consumption, various policies aimed at reducing the amount of sugar intake are actively being discussed by the governments of developed countries. Therefore, as the need for developing various alternative sweeteners is increasing in the market, alternative sweeteners are continuously being developed and commercialized. As alternative sweeteners, these are the subject of continuous variation in the form of synthetic high-intensity sweeteners (e.g., Saccharin, Aspartame, Sucralose, etc.), synthetic sugar alcohols (e.g., Maltitol and Xylitol), and high-intensity sweeteners (e.g., Rebaudioside A and Liquorice). Nevertheless, due to concerns over the safety of synthetic sweeteners, customers' need for natural sweeteners has been steadily increasing; however, because of limitations to peculiar flavor properties of natural sweeteners (i.e., off-smell and off-flavor), natural sweeteners cannot fully replace existing low-calorie and zero-calorie products based on synthetic sweeteners.
A natural high-intensity sweetener that has received considerable attention in recent years is stevia extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Stevia is a natural material, the sweetness of which is 200 to 300 times that of sugar, and consists of Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, etc. Although Stevioside and Rebaudioside A show high sweetness, they have a strong bitter taste, which presents a limitation in use.
Methods to improve the sweetness of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A include a method for transferring a saccharide using an enzyme. As the method for transferring a saccharide using an enzyme, a method for transferring 1 to 12 glucose molecules to a steviol glycoside using CGTase is widely used in the art (Korean Patent Application No. 10-1991-0020769). However, such method has a disadvantage in that all glucose molecules transferred to the steviol glycoside are degraded by intestinal microorganisms, increasing calories. Therefore, there is a need for a steviol glycoside wherein a saccharide other than glucose is transferred.
Under such circumstances, the present inventors have completed the present disclosure by confirming that the transfructosylated steviol glycoside has an improved bitter taste compared to a steviol glycoside, and shows superior sweetness preference and overall preference.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a sweetener composition including a transfructosylated steviol glycoside.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a food composition including the sweetener composition.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for improving the sweetness of a steviol glycoside, including converting a steviol glycoside into a transfructosylated steviol glycoside.
The sweetener composition of the present disclosure includes a transfructosylated steviol glycoside, thereby having an improved bitter taste compared to a steviol glycoside and showing superior sweetness preference and overall preference, and thus can be used as a high-intensity sweetener.
Hereinbelow, the present disclosure will be described in detail. Meanwhile, each of the explanations and exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to other explanations and exemplary embodiments. That is, all combinations of various factors disclosed herein belong to the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by the specific disclosure provided hereinbelow. Meanwhile, the terms defined herein can be identically applied to other aspects of the present disclosure.
In order to achieve the objects of the present disclosure, an aspect of the present disclosure may be to provide a transfructosylated steviol glycoside or a sweetener composition including the transfructosylated steviol glycoside. The transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be produced by the method described above.
As used herein, the term “steviol glycoside” refers to a natural sweetener and may be represented by Chemical Formula 1 below.
In Chemical Formula 1, at R1, hydrogen (H) may be bound, or 1 to 3 glucose molecules may be bound via a β-bond; and at R2, one molecule of glucose, xylose, or rhamnose may be bound via a β-bond, and 0 to 2 glucose molecules may be bound thereto via a β-bond, but these are not limited thereto.
The steviol glycoside may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Stevioside, Rubusoside, Dulcoside A, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside F, and Rebaudioside M, and specifically, it may be Stevioside or Rebaudioside A, but is not limited thereto.
Specifically, the steviol glycoside may be Stevioside represented by Chemical Formula 2 below or Rebaudioside A represented by Chemical Formula 3 below.
As used herein, the term “transfructosylated steviol glycoside” may refer to a compound in which fructose is linked (transferred) to the steviol glycoside.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be in the form in which fructose is linked to a 19-OH site of the steviol glycoside or to glucose conjugated thereto.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be in the form in which fructose is linked to the steviol glycoside via a β-(2,6) bond.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be in the form in which 1 to 3 fructose molecules are linked to the steviol glycoside.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be a transfructosylated Stevioside or a transfructosylated Rebaudioside A. Accordingly, the sweetener composition of the present disclosure may include a transfructosylated Stevioside or a transfructosylated Rebaudioside A, or a transfructosylated Stevioside and a transfructosylated Rebaudioside A.
The sweetener composition including a transfructosylated Stevioside and a transfructosylated Rebaudioside A may contain 40 parts by weight or more of the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the transfructosylated Stevioside and transfructosylated Rebaudioside A. Specifically, the composition may contain 50 parts by weight or more, more specifically 60 parts by weight or more, even more specifically 70 parts by weight or more, even more specifically 75 parts by weight or more of the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may have an improved bitter taste as compared to the stveiol glycoside. The improvement in bitter taste may mean a decrease in bitter taste.
In particular, the improvement in bitter taste may be evaluated when the transfructosylated steviol glycoside and the steviol glycoside have equivalent sweetness. Specifically, the sweetness may be the sweetness corresponding to 10 brix of sugar.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may have an improved sweetness as compared to the steviol glycoside. The improvement in sweetness may be an increase in sweetness preference and overall preference.
In particular, the improvement in sweetness may be evaluated when the transfructosylated steviol glycoside and the steviol glycoside have equivalent sweetness. Specifically, the sweetness may be the sweetness corresponding to 10 brix of sugar.
Specifically, the transfructosylated steviol glycoside may be produced by reacting the steviol glycoside and a fructose donor in the presence of a fructosyltransferase, but for the purposes of the present disclosure, such reaction is not limited as long as the transfructosylated steviol glycoside can be obtained.
Specific nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding the fructosyltransferase and protein information thereof can be obtained from a known database such as GenBank of NCBI, etc. However, in addition to the above known sequences, any protein may be included as long as it exhibits the same effect of transferring fructose as the fructosyltransferase without limitation to its origin or sequence. Additionally, a homologous protein or a variant protein may also be included in the scope of the fructosyltransferase of the present disclosure.
The step of reacting the steviol glycoside with a fructose donor in the presence of the enzyme may be carried out at a pH of 3 to 8, specifically at a pH of 4 to 7, and more specifically at a pH of 5 to 6, but the pH range is not limited thereto.
Additionally, the above step may be carried out at 10° C. to 60° C., specifically at 20° C. to 50° C., and more specifically at 20° C. to 40° C., but the temperature range is not limited thereto.
The sweetener composition of the present disclosure may be used for preparing sweeteners or providing sweetness to edible products. The sweetener composition of the present disclosure may be used as a sweetener for the purpose of cooking and/or processed foods. Additionally, the sweetener composition of the present disclosure may be used as a sweetener for pharmaceutical products in addition to the edible products, but is not limited thereto. Further, the sweetener composition of the present disclosure may further include a flavoring agent, a preservative, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, etc., but is not limited thereto.
In order to achieve the objects of the present disclosure, another aspect of the present disclosure provides a food composition including the sweetener composition.
The food composition of the present disclosure may be prepared using methods commonly used in the art, and may be prepared by adding raw materials and ingredients commonly added in the art during preparation. Additionally, the food composition of the present disclosure uses a food as a raw material unlike generic drugs, and thus has no side effects that may occur during long-term administration thereof, and may be highly portable.
The food composition may contain the sweetener composition in an amount of 0.001 to 25% by weight, specifically 0.01 to 20% by weight, more specifically 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, but is not limited thereto.
In order to achieve the objects of the present disclosure, still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for improving the sweetness of a steviol glycoside, including converting a steviol glycoside into a transfructosylated steviol glycoside.
The “steviol glycoside” and the “transfructosylated steviol glycoside” are as described above.
For the purpose of the present disclosure, the conversion is not limited by its method as long as the transfructosylated steviol glycoside can be obtained from the steviol glycoside.
Specifically, the conversion may include reacting the steviol glycoside with a fructose donor in the presence of a fructosyltransferase, but is not limited thereto.
The fructose donor may be any oligomer, polymer, or cyclic form of fructose which can be reacted in the presence of a fructosyltransferase such that one or more fructose molecules can be transferred to the steviol glycoside, and specifically, it may be sugar, but is not limited thereto.
Specific nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding the fructosyltransferase and protein information thereof can be obtained from a known database such as GenBank of NCBI, etc. However, in addition to the above known sequences, any sequence may be included as long as it exhibits the same effect of transferring fructose as the fructosyltransferase without limitation to its origin or sequence, and a homologous protein or a variant protein may also be included in the scope of the fructosyltransferase of the present disclosure.
The step of reacting the steviol glycoside with a fructose donor may be carried out at a pH of 3 to 8, specifically at a pH of 4 to 7, and more specifically at a pH of 5 to 6, but the pH range is not limited thereto.
Additionally, the above step may be carried out at 10° C. to 60° C., specifically at 20° C. to 50° C., and more specifically at 20° C. to 40° C., but the temperature range is not limited thereto.
As used herein, the term “improvement in sweetness” may mean an improvement in sweetness preference or overall preference as the bitter taste or the off-smell/off-flavor is reduced.
Hereinbelow, the present disclosure will be described in detail with accompanying exemplary embodiments. However, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
5% Stevioside (Carbosynth) or 5% Rebaudioside A (Purecircle) and 20% white sugar (CJ CheilJedang) were dissolved in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, and then a fructosyltransferase derived from Arthrobacter globiformis was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at 40° C. for 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was adsorbed onto an adsorption resin (HP-20) and desorbed with 20% ethanol. Thereafter, the desorbed solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to prepare a sample.
The fructosyltransferase transfers fructose from sugar. In particular, the resulting transfructosylated product is in the form in which 1 to 3 fructose molecules are linked (transferred) to the 19-OH position of Stevioside or Ribaudioside A or to glucose conjugated thereto, by a linkage via a β-(2,6) bond.
The structure of the thus-prepared transfructosylated Stevioside and transfructosylated Rebaudioside A was analyzed by 1H/13C NMR, Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence (HSQC), and Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation (HMBC), and the results (1H/13C NMR, COSY and HMBC) are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Additionally, upon confirmation of the structure of the transfructosylated Stevioside and the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A, the results revealed that the transfructosylated Stevioside was found to be 13-[(2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)oxylkaur-16-en-18-oic acid 6-O-β-D-fructofuranose-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, and the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A was found to be 13-[(2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid 6-O-β-D-fructofuranose-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester.
The transfructosylated Stevioside and the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A were represented by Chemical Formula 4 and Chemical Formula 5, respectively.
97.8
65.2
, 71.7, 73.1
The transfructosylated Stevioside (STV-Fru) and the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A (RA-Fru) prepared in Preparation Example 1 were diluted to the sweetness equivalent to Stevioside (STV) and Rebaudioside A (RA) (sweetness based on 10 brix of sugar), respectively, and then presented to experts (n=15) for descriptive analysis.
The results of comparing the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A (RA-Fru) and Rebaudioside A (RA) are shown in Table 3 and
The results of comparing the transfructosylated Stevioside (STV-Fru) and Stevioside (STV) are shown in Table 4 and
As shown in Tables 3 and 4, it can be found that the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A and the transfructosylated Stevioside (STV-Fru) have significantly low bitterness intensity and off-smell/off flavor intensity and significantly high sweetness preference and overall preference, as compared to Rebaudioside A (RA) and Stevioside (STV), respectively.
Prior to sensory evaluation, four samples of Example 1 (STV, STV-Fru, RA, RA-Fru) were diluted to the sweetness equivalent to 10% (w/w) or 10 brix of sugar, and the sensory evaluation was carried out on the four samples.
The evaluation was proceeded as follow: 15 panels were given the four samples and required to evaluate the sweetness preference and the overall preference of the four samples on a 9-point scale (1=very much dislike, 5=neither dislike nor like, 9=very much like).
Then, the statistical analysis was converted to a 5-point scale to verify the significant difference through paired T tests (reliability level of 95%).
(1) Comparison between STV and STV-Fru
Table 5 shows that the transfructosylated Stevioside (STV-Fru) has excellent sweetness preference and overall preference as compared to Stevioside (STV).
(2) Comparison between RA and RA-Fru
Table 6 shows that the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A (RA-Fru) has excellent sweetness preference and overall preference as compared to Rebaudioside A (RA).
A mixture of 5% Stevioside (Carbosynth) and 5% Rebaudioside A (Purecircle) (where the ratio of Rebaudioside A in the mixture was 40, 60, 80% by weight, respectively) and 20% white sugar (CJ CheilJedang) were dissolved in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, and then a mixture comprising the transfructosylated Stevioside and the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A was prepared by the same manner as in Preparation Example 1. The ratio of the transfructosylated Stevioside to the transfructosylated Rebaudioside A in the thus-prepared mixture was maintained at the same level as the ratio of Stevioside to Rebaudioside A in the raw material.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical spirit or essential characteristics of the present disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments described above are considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and it should be understood that all modifications or variations derived from the meanings and scope of the present disclosure and equivalents thereof are included in the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2019-0046300 | Apr 2019 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2020/004809 | 4/9/2020 | WO | 00 |
