COMPOSITION CONTAINING FLUORINATED HYDROCARBON MIXTURE, AND APPLICATION FOR SAME

Abstract
The present invention provides a refrigerant composition that has a low GWP and ASHRAE non-flammability performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) at specific concentrations.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons that are used as, for example, a refrigerant, and to use of the composition. The present invention also includes a case in which the composition consists of the four basic components contained in the mixture, i.e., difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a).


BACKGROUND ART

Refrigerants recently used, for example, for air conditioners, refrigerating devices, and refrigerators, are mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons that contain no chlorine in their molecular structures, such as difluoromethane (CH2F2, R32, boiling point: −52° C.), pentafluoroethane (CF3CHF2, R125, boiling point: −48° C.), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CF3CH3, R143a, boiling point: −47° C.), 1, 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F, R134a, boiling point: −26° C.), 1,1-difluoroethane (CHF2CH3, R152a, boiling point: −24° C.), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CF3CF═CH2, 1234yf, boiling point: −29° C.).


Among the above fluorinated hydrocarbons, a ternary mixed refrigerant of R32/R125/R134a in which their proportions are 23/25/52 wt % (R407C), a ternary mixed refrigerant of R125/143a/R134a in which their proportions are 44/52/4 wt % (R404A), etc. have been proposed, and R404A is currently widely used as a refrigerant for freezing and refrigerated storage (for example, Patent Literature 1 and 2).


However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R404A is as high as 3943 (latest GWP value based on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, 2014 (AR5); the GWP values in the present specification refer to the latest GWP values based on AR5 unless otherwise stated), which is equal to that of CHClF2 (R22), which is a chlorine-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon. There is thus a desire to develop, as alternative refrigerants for R404A, refrigerants that have a refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A, a lower GWP, and performance of non-flammable refrigerants (ASHRAE non-flammability (class 1 refrigerants defined in ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013)), as with R404A.


There are still many refrigerating devices that use CHClF2 (R22) as chlorine-containing fluorinated hydrocarbons (HCFCs), which were used as refrigerants for freezing and refrigerated storage before the use of R404A; however, under the Montreal Protocol, HCFCs are required to be abolished by 2020 in developed countries and to be phased out (first: 10%, second: 35%) in developing countries. For these refrigerating devices, there is also a desire to develop, as alternative refrigerants for R22, refrigerants that have a compressor outlet pressure equal to that of R22 used in a refrigeration cycle (“R22 retrofit refrigerants”), a lower GWP, and performance of non-flammable refrigerants (ASHRAE non-flammability (class 1 refrigerants defined in ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013)), as with R22.


There are, for example, Patent Literature 3 and 4 as other prior art relating to the present invention.


CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1: JP2869038B


PTL 2: U.S. Pat. No. 8,168,077


PTL 3: JP5689068B


PTL 4: JP2013-529703A


SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem

As alternative refrigerants for R404A, Patent Literature 3 and 4 report refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). However, no one has succeeded in developing a refrigerant composition that has a refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A, a lower GWP, and ASHRAE non-flammability performance.


An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant composition that has a low GWP and ASHRAE non-flammability performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide, as preferable embodiments, a refrigerant composition that has a refrigerating capacity equal to that of currently widely used R404A, a lower GWP, and ASHRAE non-flammability performance, a refrigerant composition that has a compressor outlet pressure equal to that of R22, a lower GWP, and ASHRAE non-flammability performance, and the like.


Solution to Problem

The present inventors conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and consequently found that the object can be achieved by a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) at specific concentrations. Thus, the present invention has been accomplished.


Specifically, the present invention provides the following compositions and their use.


1. Embodiment 1-1

A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons,


the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0197x2−0.115x+40.237/0.0418x2−1.3349x+22.209),


point H (0.9445x+1.3914/−0.9445x+60.509/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/0.0577x2−4.1895x+61.098/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3383x+89.381);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2, 18.1 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0.0125x2−0.9275x+45.293/−0.425x+17.709),


point H (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/0.050x2−401x+60.1/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.325x+89.199);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3, 20.0 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5769x+43.053/−0.4231x+17.6473),


point H (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/−2.0549x+41.083/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.6 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %, and


(2)-4, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5000x+41.5/−0.4606x+18.396),


point H (0.7697x+4.698/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (1.0374x−20.729/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85.484);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5372x+42.328/−0.4291x+17.693),


point H (0.75x+5.15/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3209x+89.057); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6, 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.708/−0.5275x+20.192),


point H (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3681x+90.252)


2. Embodiment 1-2

A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons,


the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0245x2+0.0147x+38.771/0.0515x2−1.5942x+24.942),


point H′ (0.9445x+1.3914/−0.9445x+60.509/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0/0.0577x2−4.1895x+61.098/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3383x+89.381);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.1 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2 the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34),


point H′ (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0/0.050x2−4.01x+60.1/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.325x+89.199);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 20.0 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5275x+41.441/−0.4176x+18.676),


point H′ (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a)


point I′ (0/−2.0549x+41.083/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.6 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029),


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (1.0374x−20.729/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point I) (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85.484);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.4 wt %>x>22.6 wt %, and


(2)-5, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42.607/−0.4291x+18.593),


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−09291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3209x+89.057); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt % 2×25.4 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point H′ (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−13681x+90.252).


3. Embodiment 1-3

A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons,


the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1, 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (−2.6617x+62.719/−0.0287x2+1.4115x+26.8/100−R32−R125-1234yf),


point C (0.0674x2−3.4488x+64.431/0.0947x2−5.3947x+77.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0605x2−3.1207x+55079/00867x2−4.9674x+63.896/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.02x2−3.2514x+57.661/−0.0028x2+0.9312x+33.219/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 16.8 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0714x2−4.804x+78.742/0.8508x+29.005/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0714x2−3.7149x+67.365/0.8508x+29.005/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0357x2−2.4766x+50.924/−2.4477x+45.616/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point E (0.1071x2−4.6838x+60.544/0.3929x2−18.065x+222.41/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.8 wt %>x≥16.8 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.1305x2−5.942x+81.197/0.4948x2−23.267x+294.53/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0785x2−4.1072x+71.965/0.1365x2−7218x+95433/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0105x2−1.6128x+43.512/0.0724x2−4.8312x+65.229/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.1139x2−5.0532x+64.849/0.3892x2−18.658x+233.4/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.5 wt %>x>18.8 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0396x2−2.5301x+49.164/0.1783x2−11.669x+188.29/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0199x2−1.9819x+52.725/0.0592x2−4.6129x+73.8/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.8 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053), or when 22.5 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85484), and


when 19.7 wt %>x≥18.8 wt %,


point F (−2x+54.5/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or when 22.5 wt %>x≥19.7 wt %,


point F (−1.9698x+53.892/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.0399x2−2.4292x+41.652/0.1589x2−10.485x+161.15/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 24.2 wt %>x≥22.5 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0251x2−1.8786x+41.842/0.1176x2−9.1887x+163.2/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.011x−2.409x+66.822/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (−1.9412x+53.276/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (−0.5882x+20.435/−3.3529x+81.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf); and mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt % 2×24.2 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0251x2−1.8786x+41.842/0.1176x2−9.1887x+163.2/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.011x2−2.409x+66.822/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 25.4 wt %>x≥24.2 wt %,


point I′ (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or


when 27.3 wt % 2×25.4 wt %,


point I′ (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a).


4. Embodiment 1-4

A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons,


the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 16.6 wt %>x≥12.7 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 14.1 wt %>x≥12.7 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0245x2+0.0147x+38.771/0.0515x2−1.5942x+24.942), or


when 16.6 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34), and


point L (−0.0492x2−1.686x+68.551/0.0446x2−0.308x+31.712/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point M (0.008x2−2.2604x+66.615/−0.0137x2−2.9821x+74.989/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.6 wt %>x≥16.6 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 18.1 wt %>x>16.6 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34), or


when 18.6 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x2−41979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x2−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.7 wt %>x≥18.6 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a1/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 20.8 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708) and


point H′ (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40171/−0.5374x+21.029) and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point L (0.1057x2−5.6028x+87817/0.2718x2−16.4x+253.22/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.4 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−09831x+1−1234/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %,


point R (−0.03x2+2.6154x−10.573/−00418x2+3.2371x−30.177/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.6 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


when 22.6 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−05374x+21.029) and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), when 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42607/−0.4291x+18.593) and


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or when 25.6 wt %>x≥25.4 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40108/−0.4725x+19.708) and


point H′ (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


when 21.8 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %,


point Q (−0.2929x2+14.203x−151.75/−0.8412x2+36.769x−371.19/100−R32−R125−1234yf)


and


point R (−0.03x2+2.6154x−10.573/−−0.0418x2+3.2371x−30.177/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


or


when 25.6 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %,


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf)


and


point R (−0.0365x2+2.9381x−14.607/−0.0152x2+19858x−15.652/100−R32−R125−1234yf); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt % 2×25.6 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point Q (7.7059x−171.67/−16.647x+461.26/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (1.1765x+6.5824/−10.824x+302.28/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


5. Embodiment 1-5

A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons,


the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 7, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 18.1 wt %>x≥16.6 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point T (−0.0107x2+0.5345x+25331/−0.006x2+0.02x+23.019/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x2−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point V (−0.38x2+7.0542x+18.925/0.7958x2−14.947x+50.53/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.6 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x=−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.7 wt %>x≥18.6 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006X2−+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 20.8 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon or hexagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.4 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %,


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point L (0.1057x2−5.6028x+87.817/0.2718x2−16.4x+253.22/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point H′ (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 21.8 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0 3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (0.0629x2−2.606x+58.972/0.045x2−2.2196x+47.368/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+57453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Q (−0.2929x2+14.203x−151.75/−0.8412x2+36.769x−371.19/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 23.2 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %, and


(2)-6, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point a (−0.0609x2+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 22.6 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %,


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or when 23.2 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %,


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a); and


mixture 7 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-7. 25.4 wt %≥x≥23.2 wt %, and


(2)-7. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point S (−0.0358x2+2.4172x−13.013/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point α (−0.0609x2+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x23.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


6. Embodiment 2

A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.


7. Embodiment 3

A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one halogenated organic compound represented by formula (1): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2 n+p, and p≥1.


8. Embodiment 4

A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one organic compound represented by formula (2): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents an atom that is not a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1.


9. Embodiment 5

A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and water.


10. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9, comprising a refrigerant oil.


11. The composition according to Item 10, wherein the refrigerant oil comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).


12. The composition according to any one of Items 1, 2, and 4 to 11, wherein the composition is an alternative refrigerant for R404A (R125/R134a/R143a=44/4/52 wt %), which is a mixed refrigerant,


13. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 and 6 to 11, wherein the composition is an alternative refrigerant for R22, which is an HCFC refrigerant.


14. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 13, comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of tracers, compatibilizers, ultraviolet fluorescence dyes, stabilizers, and polymerization inhibitors.


15. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 14, wherein the composition consists of the mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons.


16. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 15.


17. A method for operating a refrigerating device, comprising operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 15.


18. A refrigerating device comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 15.


19. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 15, which is used for at least one member selected from the group consisting of refrigerators, freezers, water coolers, ice machines, refrigerating showcases, freezing showcases, freezing and refrigerating units, refrigerating devices for freezing and refrigerating warehouses, chillers (chilling units), turbo refrigerators, and screw refrigerators.


Advantageous Effects of Invention

The composition of the present invention is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) at specific concentrations, whereby the composition has a GWP of 1500 or less and ASHRAE non-flammability performance.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 shows ASHRAE non-flammability limit compositions (six open circles) of a mixture of the four basic components: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and regression lines connecting these points (a straight line connecting points G and H; and a straight line connecting points H and I), in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 22.6 wt %, determined from Experimental Example 1.



FIGS. 2-6 show the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, N, and D; and a pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, N, and D) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 8.8, 12.7, 14.1, 16.1, and 18.1 wt %. The 1234yf side from line segment AD shows a region with a GWP of 1500 or less, and the R125 side from line segments GHI (which mean line segment GH and line segment HI, which are collectively referred to as “line segments GHI”; same below) shows a region showing ASHRAE non-flammability. The pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, N, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability. The pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, N, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors, described later, are taken into consideration for nonflammable refrigerants R134a and R125.



FIGS. 7-8 show the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, N, and D; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, and D) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 19.2 and 20.0 wt %. The 1234yf side from line segment AD shows a region with a GWP of 1500 or less, and the R125 side from line segments GHI shows a region showing ASHRAE non-flammability. The pentagon or quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, N, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors, described later, are taken into consideration for nonflammable refrigerants R134a and R125.



FIGS. 9-14 show the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, and D; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, and D) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 21.2, 22.6, 24.2, 25.4, 26.5, and 27.3 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G, H, I, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, I′, and D represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less and shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors, described later, are taken into consideration for nonflammable refrigerants R134a and R125.



FIG. 15 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points B (B=C=G′), F, and E; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 8.8 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points B, F, and E represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIGS. 16-17 show the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points B, C, F, and H; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 12.7 and 14.1 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B, C, F, and E represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region, that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIGS. 18-19 show the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points B, C, F, E, and H′; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 14.8 and 16.1 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points B, C, F, E, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within 11.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIGS. 20-23 show the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points B, C, F, and E; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 16.8, 17.4, 18.1, and 18.8 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B, C, F, and E represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flamability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1,25% of the pressure of R22.



FIGS. 24-25 show the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points B, C, D, F, and E; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 19.2 and 19.7 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points B, C, D, F, and E represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIGS. 26-27 show the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points B, C, D, F, and E; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 21.6 and 22.5 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points B, C, D, F, and E represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIG. 28 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points B, C, and F (F=E=I′); and a quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 24.2 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points B, C, and F represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22. The quadrilateral surrounded by points B′, C′, F′, and E′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±1.25% of the pressure of R22.



FIG. 29 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points B, C, and I′; and a triangle surrounded by points B′, C′, and I′ (I′=F′=E′)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 25.0 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points B, C, and I′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2° 5% of the pressure of R22. The triangle surrounded by points B′, C′, and I′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±11.25 of the pressure of R22.



FIG. 30 shows the composition of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points B, C, and I′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 26.5 wt %, The triangle surrounded by points B, C, and I′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22.



FIG. 31 shows the composition of the above mixture (point I′ (I′=B=C)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 27.3 wt %. I′ represents a point that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet pressure within ±2.5% of the pressure of R22.



FIG. 32 shows the composition of the above mixture (point L (L=M=G′)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 12.7 wt %. The 1234yf side from line segment QR represents a region having a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and the R134a side from line segment ST represents a region having a COP of 107.75% or more. Moreover, point L represents a point that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% of that of R404A.



FIG. 33 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M; and point O (O==P=G′)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 15.9 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. Point O represents a point that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% of that of R404A.



FIG. 34 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M; and a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 16.6 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% of that of R404A.



FIG. 35 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M; a triangle surrounded by points V (V=S=L), T, and M; and a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 18.1 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points V, T, and M represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% of that of R404A.



FIG. 36 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M; a quadrilateral surrounded by points S, T, M (M=R=Y), and L; and a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 18.6 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points G′, L, and M represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The quadrilateral surrounded by points S, T, M, and L represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 37 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, L (L=H′), Y, and R; a pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, and L (J=H′); and a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 18.7 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, L, Y, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, and L represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 38 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, L, Y, and R; a hexagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, L, and H′; and a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P (P=T=W)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 19.6 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, L, Y, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The hexagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, L, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 39 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, L, Y, and R (R=P=Z); a hexagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, L, and H′; a triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P; and a triangle surrounded by points W, T, and P (P=R=Z)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 20.4 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, L, Y, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The hexagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Y, L, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points W, T, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 40 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q (Q=L=Y), and R; a pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Q (Q=L=Y), and H′; a triangle surrounded by points G′, O (O=S=W), and P; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points S (S=O=W), T, R, and Z) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 20.8 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A, The pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Q, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The quadrilateral surrounded by points S, T, R, and Z represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 41 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R; a pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Q, and H′ (H′=O); a triangle surrounded by points G′, 0 (O=H′), and P; and a pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Z, and O (O=H′)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 21.2 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Q, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 90% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points G′, O, and P represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The pentagon surrounded by points S, T, R, Z, and O represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 42 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, O, Z, and R (R=T=a); and a pentagon surrounded by points S, T (T=R), Z, O, and H′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 21.8 wt %. The pentagon surrounded by points G′, H′, O, Z, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The pentagon surrounded by points S, T, Z, O, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 43 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q (Q=O=Z), and R; and a quadrilateral surrounded by points S, a, Q (Q=O=Z), and H′) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 22.6 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The quadrilateral surrounded by points S, a, Q, and H′ represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 44 shows the compositions of the above mixture (a quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R; and a triangle surrounded by points S (S=H′), a, and Q) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 23.2 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. The triangle surrounded by points S, a, and Q represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 45 shows the compositions of the above mixture (quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R; and point S (S=Q=α)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 25.4 wt %. The quadrilateral surrounded by points G′, H′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A. Point S represents a point that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, a COP of 107.75% or more of that of R404A, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 46 shows the composition of the above mixture (a triangle surrounded by points G′, Q (Q=H′), and R) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 25.6 wt %. The triangle surrounded by points G′, Q, and R represents a region that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.



FIG. 47 shows the composition of the above mixture (point Q (Q=G′=R)) in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a when the concentration of R32 is 27.3 wt % Point Q represents a point that has a GWP of 1500 or less, shows ASHRAE non-flammability in which safety factors are taken into consideration, and has a compressor outlet temperature of 115° C. or less, and a refrigerating capacity of 95% or more of that of R404A.





DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is roughly divided into a first embodiment to a fifth embodiment. Each embodiment is described in detail below. Below, “x2”, which is sometimes used in the explanation of each point and the explanation of approximate expressions, means “x2.”


First Embodiment

The first embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.


Composition

The composition of the first embodiment of the present invention (also referred to below as “the composition of the present invention” in the section of the first embodiment) is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) at specific concentrations.


The composition of the present invention has a GWP of 1500 or less and ASHRAE non-flammability performance.


Because the GWP is 1500 or less, the composition of the present invention can notably reduce the burden on the environment from a global warming perspective, compared with other general-purpose refrigerants. Moreover, since the composition of the present invention is non-flammable according to ASHRAE, it is safer than flammable refrigerants and can be used in a wide range of applications.


The composition of the present invention preferably has refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A. Specifically, the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, and particularly preferably 100% or more. R404A is a refrigerant currently widely used as a refrigerant for freezing and refrigerated storage. The composition of the present invention can be an alternative refrigerant for R404A.


The compressor outlet temperature of the composition of the present invention in a refrigeration cycle is preferably 130° C. or less, more preferably 1200C or less, and particularly preferably 115° C. or less, in terms of preventing deterioration of the refrigerant oil.


In the composition of the present invention, the ratio of refrigerating capacity to power consumed in a refrigeration cycle (coefficient of performance (COP)) is preferably high. Specifically, the COP is preferably 95 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and particularly preferably 107.75 or more.


In the composition of the present invention, the compressor outlet pressure in a refrigeration cycle is preferably equal to that of R22 (R22 retrofit). R22 was widely used as a refrigerant for freezing and refrigerated storage before the spread of R404A. Many refrigerating devices using R22 as a refrigerant still remain. However, R22 will be abolished in developed countries in 2020 due to the regulation of HCFC, and there is thus a strong demand for alternative refrigerants. It is essential for alternative refrigerants for refrigerating devices using R22 that the compressor outlet pressure, which is the maximum pressure in a refrigeration cycle, is equal to that of R22. The compressor outlet pressure is preferably within ±2.5%, and more preferably within ±1.25%, of that of R22.


In the composition of the present invention, the mixture may consist of the four basic components, i.e., difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), or may comprise, in addition to the four basic components, components different from the four basic components (referred to below as “other components”). These are referred to as the “four basic components” and “other components” below. The 1.5 details of the other components are described later. The composition of the present invention may consist of the above mixture, or may comprise any additives, such as refrigerant oil, described later, in addition to the mixture.


When the mixture comprises other components, the other components are preferably contained in amounts that do not inhibit the function of the four basic components. From this viewpoint, the content of other components in the mixture is preferably 0.5 wt % or less, more preferably 0.3 wt % or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 wt % or less.


Mixture of Fluorinated Hydrocarbons

The mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons used in the present invention comprises difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The following explains Embodiment 1-1, Embodiment 1-2, Embodiment 1-3 (having Embodiment 1-3-A as a subordinate concept), Embodiment 1-4 (having Embodiment 1-4-A as a subordinate concept), and Embodiment 1-5 (having Embodiment 1-5-A as a subordinate concept), which are divided according to the difference in the concentrations of the four basic components.


Embodiment 1-1

In one embodiment (Embodiment 1-1) of the first embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6 each having a composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0197x=−0.115x+40.237/0.0418x2−1.3349x+22.209),


point H (0.9445x+1.3914/−0.9445x+60.509/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/0.0577x2−41895x+61.098/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3383x+89.381);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.1 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0.0125x2−0.9275x+45.293/−0.425x+17.709),


point H (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/0050x2−4.01x+60.1/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.325x+89.199);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 20.0 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-3, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5769x+43.053/−0.4231x+17.6473),


point H (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0/−2.0549x+41.083/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.6 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5000x+41.5/−0.4606x+18.396),


point H (0.7697x+4.698/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (1.0374x−20.729/0/00−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85484);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5372x+42.328/−0.4291x+17.693),


point H (0.75x+5.15/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3209x+89.057); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−04725x+40.708/−0.5275x+20.192),


point H (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3681x+90.252).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP and ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance.


Embodiment 1-2

In one embodiment (Embodiment 1-2) of the first embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6 each having a composition ratio indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0245x2+0.0147x+38.771/0.0515x2−1.5942x+24.942),


point H′ (0.9445x+1.3914/−0.9445x+60.509/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0/0.0577x2−4.1895x+61.098/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3383x+89.381);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.1 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34),


point H′ (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0/0.050x2−4.01x+60.1/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point N (0/0/100−x), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.325x+89.199);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 20.0 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5275x+41.441/−0.4176x+18.676),


point H′ (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0/−2.0549x+41.083/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.6 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029),


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (1.0374x−20.729/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85.484);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %, and


(2)-5 the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42.607/−0.4291x+18.593),


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (0.0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3209x+89.057); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point H′ (0.7363x+5496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point I′ (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3681x+90.252).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP and ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration).


Embodiment 1-3

In one embodiment (Embodiment 1-3) of the first embodiment, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6 each having a composition ratio indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.1 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (−2.6617x+62.719/−0.0287x2+1.4115x+268/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0674x2−34488x+64.431/0.0947x2−5.3947x+77.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0605x2−3.1207x+55.079/0.0867x2−4.9674x+63.896/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.02x2−3.2514x+57.661/−0.0028x2+0.9312x+33219/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 16.8 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0714x2−4804x+78.742/0.8508x+29.005/1.00−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0714x2−3.7149x+67.365/0.8508x−29.005/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0357x2−2.4766x+50.924/−2.4477x+45.616/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point E (0.1071x2−4.6838x+60.544/0.3929x2−18.065x+22241/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.8 wt %>x≥16.8 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.1305x2−5.942x+81.197/0.4948x2−23.267x+294.53/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0785x2−4.1072x+71.965/0.1365x2−7.218x+95.433/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (0.0105x2−1.6128x+43.512/0.0724x2−4.8312x+65.229/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.1139x2−50532x+64849/0.3892x2−18.658x+233.4/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 22.5 wt %>x≥18.8 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0396x2−2.5301x+49.164/0.1783x2−11.669x+188.29/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.0199x2−1.9819x+52.725/0.0592x2−4.6129x+73.8/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.8 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053), or


when 22.5 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092X2−0.956x+85.484), and


when 19.7 wt %>x≥18.8 wt %,


point F (−2x+54.5/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 22.5 wt %>x≥19.7 wt %,


point F (−1.9698x+53.892/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (0.0399x2−2.4292x+41.652/0.1589x2−10.485x+161.15/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 24.2 wt %>x≥22.5 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0251x2−1.8786x+41.842/0.1176x2−9.1887x+163.2/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.011x2−2.409x+66.822/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F (−1.9412x+53.276/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E (−0.5882x+20.435/−3.3529x+81.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt % 2×24.2 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


point B (0.0251x2−1.8786x+41.842/0.1176x2−9.1887x+163.2/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C (0.011x2−2.409x+66.822/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 25.4 wt %>x≥24.2 wt %,


point I′ (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or


when 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %,


point I′ (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), and obtaining a compressor outlet pressure equal to that of R22 (R22 retrofit).


Embodiment 1-3-A

Moreover, in Embodiment 1-3-A, which is a subordinate concept of Embodiment 1-3, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6 each having a composition ratio indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 14.8 wt %>x≥8.8 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (−0.0581x2−3.121x+57.068/0.0854x2−5.0132x+67.006/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (0.0667x−3.4034x+62.381/0.0948x2−5.3674x+74.488/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F′ (−0.0581x2−3.121x+57.068/0.0854x2−5.0132x+67.006/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E′ (0.0217x2−3.2646x+59.951/−0.0101x2+1.0851x+31.333/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 16.1 wt %>x≥14.8 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (−2.6154x+59.708/0.8462x+30.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (6.1538x−74.477/−2.6154x+54.508/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F′ (−1.4615x+45.231/−2.5385x+49.069/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point E′ (−1.5385x+39.169/−6.4615x+140.83/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.9000x+2.010/−0.9250x+60.226/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 19.7 wt %>x≥16.1 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (0.0737x2−3.8287x+60.117/0.2581x2−14.557x+211.39/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (0.0139x2−1.78x+49676/0.0342x2−3.5636x+60.914/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F′ (0.0288x2−2.2531x+50.499/0.0163x2−:2.8565x+49.937/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E′ (0.0557x2−3.0403x+48.901/0.2082x2−12.372x+182.02/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4, 21.6 wt %>x≥19.7 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (−0.8421x+29.889/−4.2105x+107.75/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (−1.1053x+41.774/−2.1053x+45.474/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and when 20.0 wt %>x≥19.7 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−1.3187x+89.053), or


when 21.6 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point D (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/0/−0.0092x2−0.956x+85.484), and


point F′ (0.0049x2−2.1762x+58.247/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E′ (0.0232x2−1.7329x+35.717/0.1309x2−9.4562x+154.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.0 wt %>x≥21.6 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (0.0313x2−2.1315x+43.111/0.1014x−8.2924x+148.62/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (−0.0217x2−0.9308x+48.116/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point F′ (0.0049x2−2.1762x58.247/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point E′ (0.0232x2−1.7329x+35.717/0.1309x2−9.4562x+154.58/100−R32−R125−1234fy); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 26.5 wt % 2×25.0 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point B′ (−0.6x+24.4/−3.1333x+83.033/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point C′ (−1.8667x+57.967/0/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 25.4 wt %>x≥25.0 wt %,


point I′ (0.9662x−19.12/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or


when 26.5 wt %>x≥25.4 wt %,


point I′ (x−20.0/0/100−R32−1234yf−R134a).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), and obtaining a compressor outlet pressure equal to that of R22 (R22 retrofit).


Embodiment 1-4

In one embodiment (Embodiment 1-4) of the first embodiment, the composition comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6 each having a composition ratio indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 16.6 wt %>x≥12.7 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 14.1 wt %>x≥12.7 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.0245x2+0.0147x+38.771/0.0515x2−1.5942x+24.942), or


when 16.6 wt %>x≥14.1 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34), and


point L (−0.0492x2−1.686x+68.551/0.0446x2−0.308x+31.712/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point M (0.008x−2.2604x+66.615/−0.0137x2−2.9821x+74.989/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 18.6 wt %>x≥16.6 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 18.1 wt %>x≥16.6 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.55x+41.855/−0.4x+18.34), or


when 18.6 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x2−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.7 wt %>x≥18.6 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a1/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 20.8 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708)


and


point H′ (0.9505x+1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029)


and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


and


point L (0.1057x2−5.6028x+87.817/0.2718x2−16.4x+253.22/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.4 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %,


point R (−0.03x2+2.6154x−10.573/−0.0418x2+3.2371x−30.177/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.6 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %, and


(2)-5, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


when 22.6 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029)


and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


when 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42.607/−0.4291x+18.593)


and


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or


when 25.6 wt %>x≥25.4 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708)


and


point H′ (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


and


when 21.8 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %,


point Q (−0.2929x2+14.203x−151.75/−0.8412x2+36.769x−371.19/100−R32−R125−1234yf)


and


point R (−0.03x2+2.6154x−10.573/−0.0418x2+3.2371x−30.177/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 25.6 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %,


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf)


and


point R (−0.0365x2+2.9381x−14.607/−0.0152x2+1.9858x−15.652/100−R32−R125−1234yf); and


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt %>x≥25.6 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point Q (7.7059x−171.67/−16.647x+461.26/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (1.1765x+6.5824/−10.824x+302.28/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), exhibiting refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A, and reducing the compressor outlet temperature in a refrigeration cycle.


Embodiment 1-4-A

Moreover, in Embodiment 1-4-A, which is a subordinate concept of Embodiment 1-4, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 19.6 wt %>x≥15.9 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 18.1 wt %>x≥15.9 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42.607/−0.4291x+18.593),


or


when 19.6 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708), and


point O (0.0227x2−40079x+97.028/−0.005x2+1.3141x+13.458/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point P (0.0625x2−4.163x+89.38/00875x2−6.3714x+112.26/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 20.4 wt %>x≥19.6 wt %, and


(2)-2, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


when 20.0 wt %>x≥19.6 wt %


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


or


when 20.4 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029), and


point O (0.142x2−8.9159x+147.38/−0.1705x2+8.2091x−58.118/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point P (0.2131x2−10.374x+153.27/0.3409x2−16.918x+221.64/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 21.2 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029),


point O (0.142x2−8.9159x+147.38/−0.1705x2+8.2091x−58.118/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x2+15.324x−89.572/−0.5325x2−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4, 22.6 wt %>x≥21.2 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4626x+40.171/−0.5374x+21.029),


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


point O (0.0893x2−5.3393x+95.264/0.2976x2−18.464x+296.98/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x2+15.324x−89.572/−0.5325x2−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 25.6 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


when 25.4 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.5709x+42.607/−0.4291x+18.593)


and


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


or


when 25.6 wt %>x≥25.4 wt %,


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708) and


point H′ (0.7363x+5.496/−0.9505x+60.928/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), and


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (−0.0365x2+2.9381x−14.607/−0.0152x2+1.9858x−15.652/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6. 27.3 wt %>x≥25.6 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


point G′ (100−R32−1234yf−R134a/−0.4725x+40.108/−0.4725x+19.708),


point Q (7.7059x−171.67/−16.647x+461.26/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point R (1.1765x+6.5824/−10.824x+302.28/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 6) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), exhibiting refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A (refrigerating capacity higher than that of Embodiment 1-4), and reducing the compressor outlet temperature in a refrigeration cycle.


Embodiment 1-5

In one embodiment (Embodiment 1-5) of the first embodiment, the composition comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 7 each having a composition ratio indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %;


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 18.1 wt %>x≥16.6 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point T (−0.0107x+0.5345x+25.331/−0.006x2+0.02x+23.019/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x2−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point V (−0.38x2+7.0542x+18.925/07958x2−14.947x+50.53/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2, 18.6 wt %>x≥18.1 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x−0.0437x−50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point M (0.1038x2−5.4653x+93.417/0.1482x2−8.2741x+118.21/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 18.7 wt %>x≥18.6 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral or pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11234/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/2.5224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point L (−0.1236x2+1.0174x+44.174/0.1557x2−4.1979x+65.676/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 20.8 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %, and


(2)-4. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon or hexagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0678x2−2.1697x+39.158/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.4 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point R (0.0523x2−0.5865x+20.487/0.0654x2−0.9831x+11.234/100−R32−R125−1234yf), or


when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %,


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point Y (−1.9949x2+75.281x−685.87/25224x2−95.07x+915.66/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point L (0.1057x2−56028x+87.817/0.2718x2−16.4x+253.22/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 20.0 wt %>x≥18.7 wt %,


point H′ (0.9505x−1.1112/−0.8956x+59.706/100−R32−1234yf−R134a), or when 20.8 wt %>x≥20.0 wt %,


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−Rf34a);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 21.8 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %, and


(2)-5. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (0.0629x2−2.606x+58.972/0.045x2−2.2196x+47.368/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Q (−0.2929x2−14.203x−15175/−0.8412x2+36.769x−371.19/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6, 23.2 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle or quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point α (−0.0609x+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


when 22.6 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %,


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a),


or


when 23.2 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %,


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60.393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


and


mixture 7 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-7. 25.4 wt %>x≥23.2 wt %,


(2)-7. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point S (−0.0358x2+2.4172x−13.013/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point α (−0.0609x2+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 7) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), exhibiting refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A, reducing the compressor outlet temperature in a refrigeration cycle, and improving the coefficient of performance (COP).


Embodiment 1-5-A

Moreover, in Embodiment 1-5−A, which is a subordinate concept of Embodiment 1-5, the mixture comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 7:


mixture 1 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-1. 20.4 wt %>x≥19.6 wt %, and


(2)-1. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a point or triangle having the following points as vertices:


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2-0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point P (0.2131x2−10.374x+153.27/0.3409x2−16.918x+221.64/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point W(−0.1565x2−0.6764x+105.19/0.9989x2−25.438x+135.86/10−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 2 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-2. 20.8 wt %>x≥20.4 wt %, and


(2)-2. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point T (−0.006x2+0.417x+25.928/0.0167x2−0.8974x+32.141/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x2+15.324x−89.572/−0.5325x2−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point W(−0.1565x2−0.6764x+105.19/0.9989x2−25.438x+135.86/100−R32−R125−1234yf);


mixture 3 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-3. 21.2 wt %>x≥20.8 wt %, and


(2)-3. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.0107x2+0.5345x+25.331/−0.006x2+0.02x+23.019/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−01022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x2+15.324x−89.572/−0.5325x2−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 4 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-4. 21.8 wt %>x≥21.2 wt %, and


(2)-4, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon or hexagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0.0107x2+0.5345x+25.331/−0.006x2+0.02x+23.019/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point R (−0.0835x2+4.8254x−33.399/−0.1022x2+5.7453x−56.277/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x2+15.324x−89.572/−0.5325x=−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point O (0.0893x2−5.3393x−+95.264/0.2976x2−18.464x+296.98/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 5 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-5. 22.6 wt %>x≥21.8 wt %, and


(2)-5, the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a pentagon having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point T (−0609x2+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Z (−0.4631x=+15.324x−89572/−0.5325x2−16.852x+140.58/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point O (0.0893x2−5.3393x+95.264/0.2976x2−18.464x+296.98/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.8071x+5.0693/−0.9232x+60.267/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


mixture 6 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-6, 23.2 wt %>x≥22.6 wt %, and


(2)-6. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a quadrilateral having the following points as vertices:


point S (0.0366x2−1.4284x+37.268/−0.0225x2+0.3598x+41.166/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point α (−0.0609x2+09855x+39.557/01273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point Q (−0.0078x=+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point H′ (0.7534x+5.102/−0.9291x+60393/100−R32−1234yf−R134a);


and


mixture 7 having a composition ratio in which


(1)-7, 25.4 wt %>x≥23.2 wt %, and


(2)-7. the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) fall within a triangle having the following points as vertices:


point S (−0.0358x2+24172x−13.013/−0.0223x2−0.0437x+50.421/100−R32−R125−1234yf),


point α (−0.0609x2+0.9855x+39.557/0.1273x2−1.9795x+3.0676/100−R32−R125−1234yf), and


point Q (−0.0078x2+2.2066x−25.686/−0.0471x2+3.4143x−21.435/100−R32−R125−1234yf).


Such a mixture (at least one of mixtures 1 to 7) is preferable in terms of reducing GWP, ensuring ASHRAE non-flammability performance (in which safety factors are further taken into consideration), exhibiting refrigerating capacity equal to that of R404A (refrigerating capacity higher than that of Embodiment 1-5), reducing the compressor outlet temperature in a refrigeration cycle, and improving the coefficient of performance (COP).


The ASHRAE flammability classification of refrigerants is described below.


The ASHRAE flammability classification of refrigerants is performed based on ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, Refrigerants classified as Class 1 are non-flammable refrigerants. That is, the composition of the present invention being non-flammable according to ASHRAE means that the mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons used in the present invention (in particular, the four basic components) is classified as Class 1 in flammability classification.


More specifically, a leak test during storage, shipping, and use is performed based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 to specify the worst case of fractionation for flammability (WCFF), When the WCFF composition can be identified as being non-flammable in a test based on ASTM E681-2009 (a standard test method for concentration limits of flammability of chemicals (vapors and gases)), it is classified as Class 1.


The following shows a case in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is 22.6 wt %, and explains a method for specifying ASHRAE non-flammability limits in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 77.4 wt %.


To specify ASHRAE non-flammability limits in the ternary composition diagram, it is first necessary to determine the non-flammability limits of a binary mixed refrigerant of a flammable refrigerant (R32 or 1234yf) and a non-flammable refrigerant (R134a or R125). The non-flammability limits of the binary mixed refrigerant were determined in Experimental Example 1,


Experimental Example 1 (Non-Flammability Limits of Binary Mixed Refrigerant of Flammable Refrigerant (R32 or 1234yf) and Non-Flammable Refrigerant (R134a or R125))

The non-flammability limits of the binary mixed refrigerant were determined based on the measuring apparatus and measuring method of a flammability test according to ASTM E681-2009.


Specifically, a 12-L spherical glass flask was used so that the combustion state could be visually observed and photographically recorded. When excessive pressure was generated by combustion in the glass flask, gas was allowed to escape from the upper lid. Ignition was achieved by electric discharge from electrodes disposed at one-third the distance from the bottom. The test conditions are as follows.


Test Conditions

Test vessel: 280 mm φ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters)


Test temperature: 60° C.±3° C.


Pressure: 101.3 kPa±0.7 kPa


Water: 0.0088 g±0.0005 g per gram of dry air


Mixing ratio of binary refrigerant composition/air: 1 vol. % increments±0.2 vol. %


Binary refrigerant composition mixture: ±0.1 wt %


Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage: 15 kV, electric current: 30 mA, neon transformer


Electrode spacing: 6.4 mm (¼ inch)


Spark: 0.4 seconds±0.05 seconds


Evaluation Criteria:





    • When the flame propagation extended at an angle of 900 or more from the ignition point, it was evaluated as flammable (propagation).

    • When the flame propagation extended at an angle of less than 900 from the ignition point, it was evaluated as non-flammable (no flame propagation).





As a result, in the mixed refrigerant of flammable refrigerant R32 and non-flammable refrigerant R134a, no flame propagation was observed from R32=43.0 wt % and R134a=57.0 wt %. These compositions were regarded as non-flammability limits. Moreover, in the case of flammable refrigerant R32 and non-flammable refrigerant R125, no flame propagation was observed from R32=63.0 wt % and R125=37.0 wt %; in the case of flammable refrigerant 1234yf and non-flammable refrigerant R134a, no flame propagation was observed from 1234yf=62.0 wt % and R134a=38.0 wt %; and in the case of flammable refrigerant 1234yf and non-flammable refrigerant R125, no flame propagation was observed from 1234yf=79.0 wt % and R125=21.0 wt %. These compositions were regarded as non-flammability limits. The results are summarized in Table 1.











TABLE 1






Flammable
Non-flammable


Item
refrigerant
refrigerant







Binary mixed refrigerant
R32
R134a


combination


Non-flammability limit (wt %)
43.0
57.0


Binary mixed refrigerant
R32
R125


combination


Non-flammability limit (wt %)
63.0
37.0


Binary mixed refrigerant
1234yf
R134a


combination


Non-flammability limit (wt %)
62.0
38.0


Binary mixed refrigerant
1234yf
R125


combination


Non-flammability limit (wt %)
79.0
21.0









Next, based on the non-flammability limits of the binary mixed refrigerants determined in Experimental. Example 1, ASHRAE non-flammability limits when R32=22.6% were determined in the following manner.


1) Case in which R32=22.6 wt % and 1234yf=0 wt


When R125+R134a=77.4 wt %, WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limits were calculated using REFPROP 9.0. Table 2-1 shows the results. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration (wt %) relative to 1234yf concentration of WCFF=1234yf of WCFF (wt %)×38/62=0


(2) Excess R134a concentration (wt %)=R134a concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit R32 concentration (wt %) relative to R125 concentration of WCFF=R125 concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×63/37


(4) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration relative to R32 concentration of (R32 concentration of WCFF−(3))=(R32 concentration of WCFF−(3))×57/43


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-1






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
2.6
0
74.8
49.60
49.61
−0.01
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
45.6
4.8
0
49.6



Shipping (shipping condition)


Composition
22.6
2.7
0
74.7
49.50
49.39
0.11
Boiling point +10° C.


WCFF
45.6
4.9
0
49.5



Vapor phase initial leak


Composition
22.6
2.8
0
74.6
49.30
48.94
0.36


WCFF
45.6
5.1
0
49.3










2) Case in which R32=22.6 wt % and R134a=50.0 wt % (R32/R125≤1.70)


When R125+1234yf=27.4 wt %, WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limits were calculated using REFPROP 9.0. Table 2-2 shows the results. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration (wt %) relative to 1234yf concentration of WCFF=1234yf of WCFF (wt %)×38/62 (2) Excess R134a concentration (wt %)=R134a concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit R32 concentration (wt %) relative to R125 concentration of WCFF=R125 concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×63/37


(4) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration relative to R32 concentration of (R32 concentration of WCFF−(3))=(R32 concentration of WCFF−(3))×57/43


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-2






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(Wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
10.8
16.6
50.0
18.81
18.94
−0.12
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
41.7
16.1
14.5
27.7



Shipping (shipping condition)


Composition
22.6
10.9
16.5
50.0
18.87
18.71
0.16
Boiling point +10° C.


WCFF
41.7
16.2
14.4
27.7



Vapor phase initial leak


Composition
22.6
11.0
16.4
50.0
18.94
18.13
0.81


WCFF
41.6
16.4
14.3
27.7










3) Case in which R32=22 6 wt % and R134a=20.0 wt % (R32/R125≤1.70)


When R125+1234yf=57.4 wt %, WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limits were calculated using REFPROP 9.0. Table 2-3 shows the results. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration (wt %) relative to 1234yf concentration of WCFF=1234yf of WCFF (wt %)×38/62 (2) Excess R134a concentration (wt %)=R134a concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit R32 concentration (wt %) relative to R125 concentration of WCFF=R125 concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×63/37


(4) Non-flammability limit R134a concentration relative to R32 concentration of (R32 concentration of WCFF− (3)) (R32 concentration of WCFF− (3))×57/43


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-3






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
20.6
36.8
20.0
2.325
2.455
−0.130
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
39.8
25.7
24.9
9.6



Shipping (shipping condition)


Composition
22.6
20.7
36.7
20.0
2.484
2.455
0.029
Boiling point +10° C.


WCFF
39.7
25.8
24.9
9.6



Vapor phase initial leak


Composition
22.6
20.8
36.6
20.0
2.584
2.429
0.155


WCFF
39.7
25.9
24.8
9.6









4) R32=22.6%, R134a=15.9% (Calculation WCFF Change Point)

When R125+R134a=61.5 wt %, WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limits were calculated using REFPROP 9.0, Table 2-4 shows the results. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) R125 non-flammability limit concentration (wt %) relative to R32 concentration of WCFF=R32 of WCFF (wt %)×37/63 (2) Excess R125 concentration (wt %)=R125 concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit 1234yf concentration (wt %) relative to R134a of WCFF=134a concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×62/38


(4) R125 non-flammability limit concentration relative to 1234yf concentration of (1234yf concentration of WCFF− (3))=(1234 concentration of WCFF−(3))×21/79


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-4






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
22.0
39.5
15.9
3.64
3.66
−0.02
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
39.6
26.9
26.0
7.5



Shipping (shipping condition)


Composition
22.6
22.1
39.4
15.9
3.74
3.63
0.11
Boiling point + 10° C.


WCFF
39.6
27.0
25.9
7.5



Vapor phase initial leak


Composition
22.6
22.2
39.3
15.9
3.84
3.61
0.24


WCFF
39.6
27.1
25.8
7.5









The above calculation WCFF being a change point was confirmed by calculating the WCFF composition from the liquid phase side using REFPROP 9.0 when R134a=15.8, 15.9, and 16.0 wt %. Table 2-5 shows the results. Moreover, whether the determined WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) R125 non-flammability limit concentration (wt %) relative to R32 concentration of WCFF=R32 of WCFF (wt %)×37/63 (2) Excess R125 concentration (wt %)=R125 concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit 1234yf concentration (wt %) relative to R134a of WCFF=134a concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×62/38


(4) R125 non-flammability limit concentration relative to 1234yf concentration of (1234yf concentration of WCFF− (3))=(1234 concentration of WCFF− (3))×21/79


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-5






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
22.1
39.5
15.8
4.03
4.19
−0.16
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
0.8
4.5
64.7
30.0



Shipping (shipping condition)


Composition
22.6
22.1
39.4
15.9
4.03
3.98
0.05
0° C.


WCFF
0.8
4.5
64.4
30.3



Liquid phase 95% leak


Composition
22.6
22.1
39.3
16.0
4.03
3.84
0.19


WCFF
0.8
4.5
64.2
30.5









The above results show that WCFF was vapor phase initial leak when R134a≥16.0 wt %, and liquid phase 95% leak when R134a≤15.8 wt %. Thus, R134a=15.9 wt % is a change point of the WCFF composition.


5) ASHRAE Non-Flammability Limit when R32=22.6 and R125=30.0%


When 1234yf+R134a=47.4 wt %, WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limit were calculated using REFPROP 9.0. Table 2-6 shows the results. WCFF was liquid phase 95% leak because R134a≤15.8 wt %. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) R125 non-flammability limit concentration (wt %) relative to R32 concentration of WCFF=R32 of WCFF (wt %)×37/63


(2) Excess R125 concentration (wt %)=R125 concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit 1234yf concentration (wt %) relative to R134a of WCFF=134a concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×62/38


(4) R125 non-flammability limit concentration relative to 1234yf concentration of (1234yf concentration of WCFF−(3))=(1234 concentration of WCFF− (3))×21/79


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flamability limit.

















TABLE 2-6






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
30.0
35.4
12.0
5.07
5.20
−0.14
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
0.4
5.3
65.9
28.4



Shipping (shipping


Composition
22.6
30.0
35.3
12.1
5.07
4.99
0.07
condition) −19° C.


WCFF
0.4
5.3
65.6
28.7



Liquid phase 95% leak


Composition
22.6
30.0
35.2
12.2
5.07
4.81
0.26


WCFF
0.4
5.3
65.4
29.0










6) ASHRAE Non-Flammability Limit when GWP=1500


The WCFF composition of a composition in which GWP was 1500 (22.6/39.2/30.2/8.0) (R32 concentration (wt %)/R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/R134a concentration (wt %)), and WCFF compositions in mixture compositions close to the ASHRAE non-flammability limits were calculated using REFPROP 9.0. Table 2-7 shows the results. Moreover, whether the calculated WCFF composition was a non-flammability limit composition was examined in the following manner.


(1) R125 non-flammability limit concentration (wt %) relative to R32 concentration of WCFF=R32 of WCFF (wt %)×37/63


(2) Excess R125 concentration (wt %)=R125 concentration of WCFF (wt %)−(1)


(3) Non-flammability limit 1234yf concentration (wt %) relative to R134a of WCFF=134a concentration of WCFF composition (wt %)×62/38


(4) R125 non-flammability limit concentration relative to 1234yf concentration of (1234yf concentration of WCFF− (3))=(1234 concentration of WCFF− (3))×21/79


The composition that satisfied (2)-(4)>0 was regarded as a calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit.

















TABLE 2-7






R32
R125
1234yf
R134a






Item
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
Calculation WCFF























Composition
22.6
39.2
30.3
7.9
7.62
7.78
−0.16
Storage (storage condition)/


WCFF
0.3
7.8
68.1
23.8



Shipping (shipping


Composition
22.6
39.2
30.2
8.0
7.62
7.57
0.05
condition) −31° C.


WCFF
0.3
7.8
67.8
24.1



Liquid phase 95% teak


Composition
22.6
39.2
30.1
8.1
7.62
7.29
0.33


WCFF
0.3
7.8
67.4
24.5









The results of examining the above calculation ASHRAE non-flammability limit compositions are shown in a ternary composition diagram. The results of determining regression lines connecting these points are a straight line connecting points G and H, and a straight line connecting points H and I shown in FIG. 1.


Experimental Example 2 (Examination of Calculation Non-Flammability Limits Obtained in Experimental Example 1 by Combustion Test)

A combustion test was carried out according to ASTM E681 shown in Experimental Example 1 using, as representative examples, the WCFF composition (41.7/16.2/14.4/27.7) of the composition (R32/R125/1234yf/R134a)=(22.6/10.9/16.5/50.0), and the WCFF composition (0.4/5.3/65.6/28.7) of the composition (R32/R125/1234yf/R134a)=(22.6/39.2/30.2/8.0). As a result, flame propagation was not observed in these WCFF compositions.


Therefore, the ASHRAE non-flammability limits determined by calculation in Experimental Example 1 based on the non-flammability limits of the binary compositions determined in Experimental Example 1 satisfy the requirements for ASHRAE non-flammability based on ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.


Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1 (a ternary diagram when R32=22.6%), the ASHRAE non-flammability limit with a GWP of 1500 or less is represented by a straight line (line HI) connecting 1234yf=0 wt % (the point determined by method 1) above; point I in FIG. 1) and R32=30%, R134a=10.3% (calculation WCFF change point) (the point determined by method 4) above; point H in FIG. 1), and a straight line (line GH) connecting point H and GWP based on AR5=1500 (the point determined by method 6) above; point G in FIG. 1).


Below, the ASHRAE non-flammability limits in the present specification are represented by regression lines (line HI and line GH) determined by methods 1), 4), and 6) above based on the non-flammability limits of the binary compositions determined in Experimental Example 1. Table 2-8 shows the R32 concentration, R125 concentration, 1234yf concentration, and R134a concentration of point G, point H, and point I when the R32 concentration is 8.8, 12.7, 14.1, 16.1, 18.1, 19.2, 20.0, 21.2, 22.6, 24.2, 25.4, 26.5, and 27.3 wt %.













TABLE 2-8









Point G
Point H
Point I
















R32
R125
1234yf
R134a
R125
1234yf
R134a
R125
1234yf
R134a


(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)



















8.8
39.8
37.7
13.7
9.7
52.2
29.3
0.0
28.7
62.5


12.7
39.7
35.6
12.0
13.4
48.5
25.4
0.0
17.2
70.1


14.1
39.5
34.7
11.7
14.7
47.2
24.0
0.0
13.5
72.4


16.1
39.4
33.6
10.9
16.5
45.3
22.1
0.0
8.5
75.4


18.1
39.3
32.6
10.0
18.3
43.5
20.1
0.0
3.9
78.0


19.2
39.3
32.0
9.5
19.4
42.5
18.9
0.0
1.6
79.2


20.0
39.3
31.5
9.2
20.1
41.8
18.1
0.0
0.0
80.0


21.2
39.3
30.9
8.6
21.0
40.7
17.1
1.3
0.0
77.5


22.6
39.2
30.2
8.0
22.1
39.4
15.9
2.7
0.0
74.7


24.2
39.2
29.3
7.3
23.4
37.9
14.5
4.3
0.0
71.5


25.4
39.1
28.7
6.8
24.2
36.8
13.6
5.4
0.0
69.2


26.5
39.1
28.2
6.2
25.0
35.7
12.8
6.5
0.0
67.0


27.3
39.1
27.8
5.8
25.6
35.0
12.1
7.3
0.0
65.4









In the ASHRAE non-flammability limits determined by calculation as described above, safety factors are preferably further taken into consideration in view of the purity of each refrigerant during production, error during mixing, etc. ASHPRAE non-flammability limit line GH was moved in parallel so that the concentration of non-flammable refrigerant R134a was higher by 1 wt % (because ±1 wt % is often expected as the allowable concentration during production), in terms of R134a, by reducing the 1234yf concentration by 1.63 wt % (63/37) based on the non-flammability limit mixing ratio of R134a and 1234yf. Thus, line segment G′H′ in which safety factors were taken into consideration was obtained. Moreover, ASHRAE non-flammability limit line HI was moved in parallel so that the concentration of non-flammable refrigerant R125 was higher by 1 wt % (because ±1 wt % is often expected as the allowable concentration during production), in terms of R125, by reducing the 1234yf concentration by 3.76 wt % (79/21) based on the non-flammability limit mixing ratio of R125 and 1234yf. Thus, line segment H′I′ in which safety factors were taken into consideration was obtained.


Regarding ASHRAE non-flammability lines G′H′I′ in which safety factors are taken into consideration, for example, in the case of R32=22.6 wt %, when R125=y wt %, 1234yf=z wt %, and R134a=w wt %, line segment GH was represented by z=1.15w+43.484 in a ternary diagram in which y+z+w=100 wt %; thus, 1.63 was subtracted from 43.484, line segment G′H′ was represented by z=1.15w+41.854, and the intersection of line segment G′H′ and line segment AD was regarded as G′. Line segment HI was represented by z=2.0309y+17.116; thus, 3.76 was subtracted from 17.116, line segment H′I′ was represented by z=2.0309y+13.356, and the intersection of the segment H′I′ and line segment DI was regarded as I′. Moreover, H′ was determined as an intersection of line segment G′H′ represented by the formula z=1.15w+41.854, and line segment H′I′ represented by the formula z=2.0309y+13.356.


Table 2-9 shows ASHRAE non-flammability points G′, H′, and I′ in which safety factors were taken into consideration in the above manner.













TABLE 2-9









Point G′
Point H′
Point I′
















R32
R125
1234yf
R134a
R125
1234yf
R134a
R125
1234yf
R134a


(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)



















8.8
39.3
37.0
14.9
10.7
50.9
29.6
0.0
24.9
66.3


12.7
39.3
35.0
13.0
14.4
47.2
25.7
0.0
13.4
73.9


14.1
39.1
34.1
12.7
15.8
45.8
24.3
0.0
9.7
76.2


16.1
39.0
33.0
11.9
17.6
43.9
22.4
0.0
4.7
79.2


18.1
38.9
31.9
11.1
19.4
42.1
20.4
0.0
0.0
81.9


19.2
38.8
31.3
10.7
20.5
41.1
19.2
1.0
0.0
79.8


20.0
38.8
30.9
10.3
21.2
40.4
18.4
1.8
0.0
78.2


21.2
38.8
30.4
9.6
22.2
39.3
17.3
3.1
0.0
75.7


22.6
38.8
29.7
8.9
23.3
38.0
16.1
4.6
0.0
72.8


24.2
38.8
28.8
8.2
24.5
36.5
14.8
6.2
0.0
69.6


25.4
38.8
28.1
7.7
25.4
35.3
13.9
7.3
0.0
67.3


26.5
38.7
27.6
7.2
26.2
34.3
13.0
8.5
0.0
65.0


27.3
38.7
27.2
6.8
26.8
33.6
12.3
9.3
0.0
63.4









The composition ratio of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a contained in the mixture can be represented by points in a ternary composition diagram of R125, 1234yf, and R134a under the restriction by the condition of R32 concentration.


Specifically, when the concentration of R32 is x wt %, the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is (100−x) wt %; and the composition ratio of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a contained in the mixture can be represented by coordinate points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is (100−x). The following shows a specific method for determining the coordinate points.


Below, cases were classified according to the range of x. The meanings of points A, B, C, D, E, F, B′, C′, E′, F′, G, H, I, G′, H′, I′, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z, and a are each as described below. The concentration of each point is determined in Example 1, described later, and the determined values are shown. In the present specification and drawings, there is no point J, K, or U.


A: Composition ratio in which GWP=1.500 and the concentration (wt %) of R134a is 0 wt %


D: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt %


G: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit (when the WCFF becomes a liquid phase composition after 95% leak under the storage/shipping conditions)


H: Composition ratio showing an ASHRAE non-flammability limit (when the WCFF becomes a liquid phase composition after 95% leak under the storage/shipping conditions, and becomes a vapor phase composition at the time of 0% leak)


I: Composition ratio showing an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in which the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt % (the WCFF is a vapor phase composition at the time of 0% leak under the storage/shipping conditions)


G′: Composition ratio showing an intersection of a line segment in which GWP=1500 and a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R134a to line segment GH, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in order to take into consideration safety factors of non-flammability


H′: An intersection of a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R134a to line segment GH, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, and a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R125 to line segment HI


I′: Composition ratio on a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R125 to line segment HI, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in order to take into consideration safety factors of non-flammability, in which the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt %


B: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 102.5% of the R22 pressure


C: Composition ratio in which GWP==1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 102.5% of the R22 pressure


E: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 97.5% of the R22 pressure


F: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 97.5% of the R22 pressure


B′: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 101.25% of the R22 pressure


C′: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 101.25% of the R22 pressure


E′: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 98.75% of the R22 pressure


F′: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 98.75% of the R22 pressure


L: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 90%


M: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 90%


O: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 95%


P: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 95%


Q: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet temperature is 115° C.


R: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet temperature is 115° C.


S: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which COP is 107.75% of that of R404A


T: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500, and COP is 107.75% of that of R404A


V: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment LM


W: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment OP


X: Intersection of line segment QR and line segment JK


Y: Intersection of line segment OR and line segment LM


Z: Intersection of line segment QR and line segment OP


α: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment QR


N: Point in which R125=0 and R134a=0 (0/0/100−x)


(1) Method for Determining Points A, D, G, H, G′, H′, and I′
(1-1) Point A

14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %


When the concentration of x=R32 is 8.8 wt %, point A in the ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a is (100−x) wt % is:


(R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %))=(45.4/45.8/0);


when the concentration of R32 is 12.7 wt %, point A in the ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a is (100−x) wt % is:


(R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %))=(44.6/42.7/0); and


when the concentration of R32 is 14.1 wt %, point A in the ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and 134a is (100−x) wt % is:


(R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %))=(44.3/41.6/0).


Accordingly, in the case where the concentration of R125 is regarded as y wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and 134a is 100 wt %, a regression line determined from the above three points plotted in the x-y coordinate is represented by the formula:






y=0.0577x2−4.1895x+61.098.


Moreover, since the R134a concentration of point A is 0 wt %, the 1234yf concentration of point A is represented by (100−R32 concentration (wt %)−R125 concentration (wt %).


In light of the above, point A in the ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is (100−x) (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) is represented by (0.0577x2−4.1895x+61.098/100−R32 concentration-R125 concentration/0).


The same calculations were performed for the following ranges: 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-1 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-1





Point A


















Item
14.1 ≥ A ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ A ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ A ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
45.4
44.6
44.3
44.3
43.9
43.4
43.4
43.2
43


1234yf
45.8
42.7
41.6
41.6
40
38.5
38.5
37.6
37


R134a
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










R32
x
x
x


R125
0
0
0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0.0577x2 −
0.050x2 −
−2.0549x + 41.083


approximate
4.1895x + 61.098
4.01x + 60.1


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ A ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ A ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ A ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
43
42.8
42.5
42.5
42.1
41.9
41.9
41.6
41.4


1234yf
37
36
34.9
34.9
33.7
327
32.7
31.9
31.3


R134a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










R32
x
x
x


R125
1.0374x − 20.729
0.9662x − 19.12
x − 20.0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression









(1-2) Point D

For point D, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-2 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-2





Point D


















Item
14.1 ≥ D ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ D ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ D ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
13.6
14.9
15.4
15.4
16
16.7
16.7
17.1
17.3


1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R134a
77.6
724
70.5
70.5
67.9
65.2
65.2
63.7
62.7










R32
x
x
x


R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
−1.3383x + 89.381
−1.325x + 89.199
−1.3187x + 89.053


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ D ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ D ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ D ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
17.3
17.8
18.2
18.2
18.7
19.1
19.1
19.5
19.8


1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R134a
62.7
61
59.2
59.2
57.1
55.5
55.5
54
52.9










R32
x
x
x


R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
−0.0092x2 −
−1.3209x + 89.057
−1.3681x + 90.252


approximate
0.956x + 85.484


expression









(1-3) Point G

For point G, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %, Table 3-3 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-3





Point G


















Item
14.1 ≥ G ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ G ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ G ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.4
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3


1234yf
37.7
35.6
34.7
34.7
33.6
32.6
32.6
32
31.5


R134a
13.7
12
11.7
11.7
10.9
10
10
9.5
9.2










R32
x
x
x


R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
0.0197x2 −
0.0125x2 −
−0.5769x − 43.053 


approximate
0.115X + 40.237
0.9275x + 45.293


expression


R134a
0.0418x2 −
−0.425x + 17.709
−0.4231x + 17.6473


approximate
1.3349x + 22.209


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ G ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ G ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ G ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.1
39.1


1234yf
31.5
30.9
30.2
30.2
29.3
28.7
28.7
28.2
27.8


R134a
9.2
8.6
8
8
7.3
6.8
6.8
6.2
5.8


R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3










R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.5000x + 41.5
−0.5372x + 42.328
−0.4725x + 40.708


approximate


expression


R134a
−0.4606x + 18.396
−0.4291x + 17.693
−0.5275x + 20.192


approximate


expression









(1-4) Point H

For point H, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥88 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-4 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-4





Point H


















Item
14.1 ≥ H ≥ 88
18.1 ≥ H ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ H ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
9.7
13.4
14.7
14.7
16.5
18.3
18.3
19.4
20.1


1234yf
52.2
48.5
47.2
47.2
45.3
43.5
43.5
42.5
41.8


R134a
29.3
25.4
24
24
22.1
20.1
20.1
18.9
18.1










R32
x
x
x


R125
 0.9445x + 1.3914
0.9000x + 2.010
 0.9505x + 1.1112


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.9446x + 60.509
−0.9250x + 60.226
−0.8956x + 59.706


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ H ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ H ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ H ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
22.6
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
20.1
22.1
24.2
24.2
25
25.6
24.2
25
25.6


1234yf
41.8
39.4
36.8
36.8
35.7
35
36.8
35.7
35


R134a
18.1
15.9
13.6
13.6
12.8
12.1
13.6
12.8
12.1










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.7697x + 4.698
 0.75x + 5.15
0.7363x + 5.496


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.9232x + 60.267
−0.9291x + 60.393
−0.9505x + 60.928


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression









(1-5) Point I

For point I, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-5 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-5





Point I


















Item
14.1 ≥ I ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ I ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ I ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


1234yf
28.7
17.2
13.5
13.5
8.5
3.9
3.9
1.6
0


R134a
62.5
70.1
72.4
72.4
75.4
78
78
79.2
80










R32
x
x
x


R125
0
0
0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0.0577x2 −
0.050x2 −
−2.0549x + 41.083


approximate
4.1895x + 61.098
4.01x + 60.1


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ I ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ I ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ I ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
0
1.3
2.7
2.7
4.3
5.4
5.4
6.5
7.3


1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R134a
80
77.5
74.7
74.7
71.5
69.2
69.2
67
65.4










R32
x
x
x


R125
1.0374x − 20.729
0.9662x − 19.12
x − 20.0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression









(1-6) Point G′

For point G′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-−6 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-6





Point G′


















Item
14.1 ≥ G′ ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ G′ ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ G′ ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
39.3
39.2
37.5
39.5
39
38.9
38.9
38.8
38.8


1234yf
37
35
34.7
34.7
33
31.9
31.9
31.3
30.9


R134a
14.9
13.1
11.7
11.7
11.9
11.1
11.1
10.7
10.3










R32
x
x
x


R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.0245x2 +
−0.55x + 41.855
−0.5275x + 41.441


approximate
0.0147x4 + 38.771


expression


R134a
0.0515x2 −
−0.4x + 18.34
−0.4176x + 18.676


approximate
1.5942x + 24.942


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ G′ ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ G′ ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ G′ ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.7


1234yf
30.9
30.4
29.7
29.7
28.8
28.1
28.1
27.6
27.2


R134a
10.3
9.6
8.9
8.9
8.2
7.7
7.7
7.2
6.8










R32
x
x
x


R125
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.4626x + 40.171
−0.5709x + 42.607
−0.4725x + 40.108


approximate


expression


R134a
−0.5374x + 21.029
−0.4291x + 18.593
−0.4725x + 19.708


approximate


expression









(1-7) Point H′

For point H′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-7 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-7





Point H′


















Item
14.1 ≥ H′ ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ H′ ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ H′ ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
9.7
13.4
14.7
14.7
16.5
18.3
18.3
19.4
20.1


1234yf
52.2
48.5
47.2
47.2
45.3
43.5
43.5
42.5
41.8


R134a
29.3
25.4
24
24
22.1
20.1
20.1
18.9
18.1










R32
x
x
x


R125
 0.9445x + 1.3914
0.9000x + 2.010
 0.9505x + 1.1112


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.9445x + 60.509
−0.9250x + 60.226
−0.8956x + 59.706


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ H′ ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ H′ ≥ 22.6
27.3 ≥ H′ ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
21.2
22.2
23.3
23.3
24.5
25.4
25.4
26.2
26.8


1234yf
40.4
39.3
38
38
36.5
35.3
35.3
34.3
33.6


R134a
18.4
17.3
16.1
16.1
14.8
13.9
13.9
13
12.3










R32
x
x
x


R125
 0.8071x + 5.0693
0.7534x + 5.102
0.7363x + 5.496


approximate


expression


1234yf
−0.9232x + 60.267
−0.9291x + 60.393
−0.9505x + 60.928


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression









(1-8) Point I′

For point I′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 18.1 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 20.0 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.0 wt %, 25.4 wt %≥x≥22.6 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.4 wt %. Table 3-7 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-8





Point I′


















Item
14.1 ≥ I′ ≥ 8.8
18.1 ≥ I′ ≥ 14.1
20.0 ≥ I′ ≥ 18.1



















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
16.1
18.1
18.1
19.2
20


R125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


1234yf
28.7
17.2
13.6
13.5
8.5
3.9
3.9
1.6
0


R134a
62.5
70.1
72.4
72.4
75.4
78
78
79.2
80










R32
x
x
x


R125
0
0
0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0.0577x2 −
0.050x2 −
−2.0549x + 41.083


approximate
4.1895x + 61.098
4.01x + 60.1


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression





Item
22.6 ≥ I′ ≥ 20.0
25.4 ≥ I′ ≥ 22.6
I 27.3 ≥ I′ ≥ 25.4



















R32
20
21.2
22.6
22.6
24.2
25.4
25.4
26.5
27.3


R125
0
1.3
2.7
2.7
4.3
5.4
5.4
6.5
7.3


1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R134a
80
77.5
74.7
74.7
71.5
69.2
69.2
67
65.4










R32
x
x
x


R125
1.0374x − 20.729
0.9662x − 19.12
x − 20.0


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a
100-R32-1234yf-R134a


approximate


expression









(2) Method for Determining Points B, C, E, F, B′, C′, E′, and F′
(2-1) Point B

For point B, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-9 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-9





Point B


















Item
14.1 ≥ B ≥ 8.8
16.8 ≥ B ≥ 14.1
18.8 ≥ B ≥ 16.8





















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
14.8
16.1
16.8
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8


R125
39.3
28.9
25.2
25.2
23.3
19.9
18.2
18.2
17.3
16.4
15.6


1234yf
37
40.1
41.0
41.0
41.6
42.7
43.3
43.3
39.5
35.5
32.0


R134a
14.9
18.3
19.7
19.7
20.3
21.3
21.7
21.7
25.8
30.0
33.6










R32
x
x
x


R125
−2.6617x + 62.719
0.0714x2 −
0.1305x2 −


approximate

4.804x + 78.742
5.942x + 81.197


expression


1234yf
−0.0287x2 +
0.8508x + 29.005
0.4948x2 −


approximate
1.4115x + 26.8

23.267x + 294.53


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
22.5 ≥ B ≥ 18.8
27.3 ≥ B ≥ 22.5




















R32
18.8
19.2
19.7
21.6
22.5
22.5
24.2
25
26.5
27.3


R125
15.6
15.2
14.7
13
12.3
12.3
11.1
10.6
9.7
9.3


1234yf
31.9
29.9
27.7
19.5
16.0
16.0
9.7
7.1
2.3
0


R134a
33.7
35.7
37.9
45.9
49.2
49.2
55.0
57.3
61.5
63.4









R32
x
x


R125
0.0396x2 −
0.0251x2 −


approximate
2.5301x + 49.164
1.8786x + 41.842


expression


1234yf
0.1783x2 −
0.1176x2 −


approximate
11.669x + 188.29
9.1887x + 163.2


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-2) Point C

For point C, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-10 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %,









TABLE 3-10





Point C


















Item
14.1 ≥ C ≥ 8.8
16.8 ≥ C ≥ 14.1
18.8 ≥ C ≥ 16.8





















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
14.8
16.1
16.8
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8


R125
39.3
31.5
29.2
29.2
28.0
26.1
25.1
25.1
24.3
23.3
22.5


1234yf
37
23.9
19.9
19.9
17.9
14.5
12.7
12.7
11.2
9.5
8.0


R134a
14.9
31.9
36.8
36.8
39.3
43.4
45.4
45.4
47.1
49.0
50.7










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.0674x2 −
0.0714x2 −
0.0785x2 −


approximate
3.4488x + 64.431
3.7149x + 67.365
4.1072x + 71.965


expression


1234yf
0.0947x2 −
0.0714x2 −
0.1365x2 −


approximate
5.3947x + 77.141
4.8642x + 74.271
7.218x + 95.433


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
22.5 ≥ C ≥ 18.8
27.3 ≥ C ≥ 22.5




















R32
18.8
19.2
19.7
21.6
22.5
22.5
24.2
25.0
26.5
27.3


R125
22.5
22.0
21.4
19.2
18.2
18.2
15.0
13.5
10.7
9.3


1234yf
8.0
7.1
5.9
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
6.6


R134a
50.7
51.7
53.0
57.4
59.3
59.3
60.8
61.5
62.8
63.4









R32
x
x


R125
0.0199x2 −
0.011x2 −


approximate
1.9819x + 52.725
2.409x + 66.822


expression


1234yf
0.0592x2 −
0


approximate
4.6129x + 73.8


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-3) Point E

For point E, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-11 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-11





Point E


















Item
14.1 ≥ E ≥ 8.8
16.8 ≥ E ≥ 14.1
18.8 ≥ E ≥ 16.8





















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
14.8
16.1
16.8
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8


R125
30.6
19.6
15.8
15.8
14.7
13.0
12.1
12.1
11.4
10.7
10.1


1234yf
41.2
44.6
45.8
45.8
41.1
33.5
29.8
29.8
26.6
23.2
20.2


R134S
19.4
23.1
24.3
24.3
29.4
37.4
41.3
41.3
44.6
48.0
50.9










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.02x2 −
0.1071x2 −
0.1139x2 −


approximate
3.2514x + 57.661
4.6838x + 60.544
5.0532x + 64.849


expression


1234yf
−0.0028x2 +
0.3929x2 −
0.3892x2 −


approximate
0.9312x + 33.219
18.065x + 222.41
18.658x + 233.4


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
22.5 ≥ E ≥ 18.8
24.2 ≥ E ≥ 22.5

















R32
18.8
19.2
19.7
21.6
22.5
22.5
24.2


R125
10.1
9.7
9.3
7.8
7.2
7.2
6.2


1234yf
20.2
18.4
16.3
8.8
5.7
5.7
0


R134a
50.9
52.7
54.7
61.8
64.6
64.6
69.6










R32
x
x



R125
0.0399x2 −
−0.5882x + 20.435


approximate
2.4292x + 41.652


expression


1234yf
0.1589x2 −
−3.3529x + 81.141


approximate
10.485x + 161.15


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-4) Point F

For point F, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-12 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-12





Point F


















Item
14.1 ≥ F ≥ 8.8
16.8 ≥ F ≥ 14.1
18.8 ≥ F ≥ 16.8





















R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.8
16.1
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8


R125
32.3
25.2
23.1
25.2
23.1
22.1
20.3
19.4
18.6
17.8
16.9


1234yf
26.9
14.8
11.1
41.0
11.1
9.4
6.2
4.5
3.1
1.5
0.0


R134a
32.0
47.3
51.7
19.7
51.7
53.7
57.4
59.3
60.9
62.6
64.3










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.0605x2 −
0.0357x2 −
0.0105x2 −


approximate
3.1207x + 55.079
2.4766x + 50.924
1.6128x + 43.512


expression


1234yf
0.0867x2 −
−2.4477x + 45.616
0.0724x2 −


approximate
4.9674x + 63.896

4.8312x + 65.229


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
19.7 ≥ F ≥ 18.8
22.5 ≥ F ≥ 19.7
24.2 ≥ F ≥ 22.5


















R32
18.8
19.2
19.7
19.7
21.6
22.5
22.5
24.2


R125
16.9
16.1
15.1
15.1
11.3
9.6
9.6
6.3


1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0


R134a
64.3
64.7
65.2
65.2
67.1
67.9
67.9
69.5










R32
x
x
x


R125
−2x + 54.5
−1.9698x + 53.892
−1.9412x + −53.276


approximate


expression


1234yf
0
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-5) Point B′

For point B′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-13 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-13





Point B′


















Item
14.8 ≥ B′ ≥ 8.8
16.1 ≥ B ≥ 14.8
19.7 ≥ B ≥ 16.1























R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.8
14.8
16.1
16.1
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8
19.2
19.7


R125
37.3
26.6
22.9
21.0
21.0
17.6
17.6
16.6
15.8
15
14.2
13.8
13.3


1234yf
38.0
41.2
42.2
42.8
42.8
43.9
43.9
39.8
36.2
32.6
28.9
27.0
24.8


R134a
15.9
19.5
20.8
21.4
21.4
22.4
22.4
26.8
30.6
34.3
38.1
40.0
42.2










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.0125x2 −
−2.6154x + 59.708 
0.0737x2 −


approximate
3.0089x + 62.808

3.8287x + 60.117


expression


1234yf
−0.0093x2 +
0.8462x + 30.277
0.2581x2 −


approximate
1.0134x + 29.801

14.557x + 211.39


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
21.6 ≥ B′ ≥ 19.7
25.0 ≥ B′ ≥ 21.6
26.5 ≥ B′ ≥ 250


















R32
19.7
21.6
21.6
22.5
24.2
25
25
26.5


R125
13.3
11.7
11.7
11
10
9.4
9.4
8.5


1234yf
24.8
16.8
16.8
13.4
7.5
4.7
4.7
0


R134a
42.2
49.9
49.9
53.1
58.3
60.9
60.9
65










R32
x
x
x


R125
−0.8421x + 29.889
0.0313x2 −
−0.6x + 24.4


approximate

2.1315x + 43.111


expression


1234yf
−4.2105x + 107.75
0.1014x2 −
−3.1333x + 83.033 


approximate

8.2924x + 148.62


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-6) Point C′

For point C′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 141 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt % x 18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-14 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-14





Point C′


















Item
14.8 ≥ C′ ≥ &8
16.1 ≥ C′ ≥ 14.8
19.7 ≥ C′ ≥ 16.1























R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.8
14.8
16.1
16.1
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8
19.2
19.7


R125
37.6
29.9
27.7
26.6
26.6
24.6
24.6
23.7
22.9
22
21.1
20.6
20


1234yf
34.6
21.6
17.7
15.8
15.8
12.4
12.4
10.7
9.3
7.6
6.0
5.1
4.0


R134a
19.0
35.8
40.5
42.9
42.9
46.9
46.9
48.8
50.4
52.3
54.1
55.1
56.3










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.0667x2 −
6.1538x − 74.477
0.0139x2 −


approximate
3.4034x + 62.381

1.78x + 49.676


expression


1234yf
0.0948x2 −
−2.6154x + 54.508 
0.0342x2 −


approximate
5.3674x + 74.488

3.5636x + 60.914


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
21.6 ≥ C′ ≥ 19.7
25.0 ≥ C′ ≥ 21.6
26.5 ≥ C′ ≥ 25.0


















R32
19.7
21.6
21.6
22.5
24.2
25
25
26.5


R125
20
17.9
17.9
16.2
12.9
11.3
11.3
8.5


1234yf
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0


R134a
56.3
60.5
60.5
61.3
62.9
63.7
63.7
65










R32
x
x
x


R125
−1.1053x + 41.774
−0.0217x2 −
−1.8667x + 57.967


approximate

0.9308x + 48.116


expression


1234yf
−2.1053x + 45.474
0
0


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(2-7) Point E′

For point E′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt %. Table 3-15 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.


Table 3-15









TABLE 3-15





Point E′


















Item
14.8 ≥ E′ ≥ 8.8
16.1 ≥ E′ ≥ 4.8
19.7 ≥ E′ ≥ 16.1























R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.8
14.8
16.1
16.1
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8
19.2
19.7


R125
32.9
22
18.2
16.4
16.4
14.4
14.4
13.5
12.9
12.1
11.4
11.1
10.6


1234yf
40.1
43.5
44.6
45.2
45.2
36.8
36.8
32.9
29.8
26.3
23.6
21.2
19.1


R134a
18.2
21.8
23.1
23.6
23.6
32.7
32.7
36.8
39.9
43.5
46.8
48.5
50.6










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.0217x2 −
−1.5385x + 39.169
0.0557x2 −


approximate
3.2646x + 59.951

3.0403x + 48.901


expression


1234yf
−0.0101x2 +
−6.4615x + 140.83
0.2082x2 −


approximate
1.0851x + 31.333

12.372x + 182.02


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
25.0 ≥ E′ ≥ 19.7


















R32
19.7
21.6
22.5
24.2
25



R125
10.6
9.1
8.5
7.4
6.9



1234yf
19.1
11.4
8.1
2.4
0



R134a
50.6
57.9
60.8
66.0
68.1










R32
x



R125
0.0232x2 − 1.7329x + 35.717



approximate



expression



1234yf
0.1309x2 − 9.4562x + 154.58



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression











(2-8) Point. F′


For point F′, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 14.1 wt %≥x≥8.8 wt %, 16.8 wt %≥x≥14.1 wt %, 18.8 wt %≥x≥16.8 wt %, 22.5 wt %≥x≥18.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥22.5 wt % Table 3-16 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-16





Point F′


















Item
14.8 ≥ F′ ≥ 8.8
16.1 ≥ F′ ≥ 14.8
19.7 ≥ F′ ≥ 16.1























R32
8.8
12.7
14.1
14.8
14.8
16.1
16.1
16.8
17.4
18.1
18.8
19.2
19.7


R125
34.1
26.8
24.6
23.6
23.6
21.7
21.7
20.8
20
19.2
18.3
17.9
17.3


1234yf
29.5
17.1
13.3
11.5
11.5
8.2
8.2
6.5
5.2
3.6
2.0
1.1
0.0


R134a
27.6
43.4
48.0
50.1
50.1
54.0
54.0
55.9
57.3
59.1
60.9
61.8
63.0










R32
x
x
x


R125
−0.0581x2 −
−1.4615x + 45.231
0.0288x2 −


approximate
3.121x + 57.068

2.2531x + 50.499


expression


1234yf
0.0854x2 −
−2.5385x + 49.069
0.0163x2 −


approximate
5.0132x + 67.006

2.8565x + 49.937


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
25.0 ≥ F′ ≥ 19.7


















R32
19.7
21.6
22.5
24.2
25



R125
17.3
13.5
11.8
8.5
6.9



1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0



R134a
63.0
64.9
65.7
67.3
68.1










R32
x



R125
0.0049x2 − 2.1762x + 58.247



approximate



expression



1234yf
0



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression










(3) Method for Determining Points L, M, O, P, Q, R, S, and T
(3-1) Point L

For point L, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 16.6 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 18.7 wt %≥x≥16.6 wt %, and 18.7 wt % 2≥x≥20.8 wt %. Table 3-17 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-17







Point L










Item
16.6 ≥ L ≥ 12.7
18.7 ≥ L ≥ 16.6
20.8 ≥ L ≥ 18.7





















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.7
18.7
19.6
20.4
20.8


R125
39.2
29.3
27.0
27.0
22.1
20.3
20.0
20.0
18.6
17.5
17.0


1234yf
35.0
38.1
38.9
38.9
40.7
41.5
41.6
41.6
36.2
31.7
29.7


R134a
13.1
16.7
17.5
17.5
19.1
19.6
19.7
19.7
25.6
30.4
32.5










R32
x
x
x


R125
−0.0492x2 −
−0.1236x2 +
0.1057x2 −


approximate
1.686x + 68.551
1.0174x + 44.174
5.6028x + 87.817


expression


1234yf
0.0446x2 −
0.1557x2 −
0.2718x2 −


approximate
0:308x + 31.712
4.1979x + 65.676
16.4x + 253.22


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-2) Point M

For point M, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 16.6 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 18.7 wt %≥x≥16.6 wt %, and 18.7 wt %≥x≥20.8 wt %. Table 3-18 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-18







Point M










Item
16.6 ≥ M ≥ 12.7
18.7 ≥ M ≥ 16.6
20.8 ≥ M ≥ 18.7





















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.7
18.7
19.6
20.4
20.8


R125
39.2
32.7
31.3
31.3
28.5
27.7
27.5
27.5
26.0
24.7
24.1


1234yf
34.9
24.1
21.7
21.7
17.0
15.6
15.3
15.3
12.6
10.4
9.4


R134a
13.2
27.3
30.4
30.4
36.4
38.1
38.5
38.5
41.8
44.5
45.7










R32
x
x
x


R125
0.008x2 −
0.1038x2 −
0.0452x2 −


approximate
2.2604x + 66.615
5.4653x + 93.417
3.4083x + 75.433


expression


1234yf
−0.0137x2 −
0.1482x2 −
0.163x2 −


approximate
2.9821x + 74.989
8.2741x + 118.21
9.2499x + 131.29


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-3) Point O

For point O, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 19.6 wt %≥x≥15.9 wt %, 21.2 wt %≥x≥19.6 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥21.2 wt %, and 27.3 wt % x 22.6 wt %. Table 3-19 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-19





Point O

















Item
19.6 ≥ O ≥ 15.9
21.2 ≥ O ≥ 19.6




















R32
19.6
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.7
19.6
19.6
20.4
20.8
21.2


R125
39.0
36.8
31.9
30.3
30.0
27.2
27.2
24.6
23.2
22.2


1234yf
33.1
33.8
35.6
36.2
36.3
37.4
37.4
38.4
39.0
39.3


R134a
12.0
12.8
14.4
14.9
15.0
15.8
15.8
16.6
17.0
17.3









R32
x
x


R125
0.0227x2 −
0.142x2 −


approximate
4.0079x + 97.028
8.9159x + 147.38


expression


1234yf
−0.005x2 +
−0.1705x2 +


approximate
1.3141x + 13.458
8.2091x − 58.118


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125 + 1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
22.6 ≥ O ≥ 21.2
27.3 ≥ O ≥ 22.6


















R32
21.2
21.8
22.6
22.6
23.2
25.4
25.6
27.3


R125
22.2
21.3
20.2
20.2
19.5
17.1
16.9
15.4


1234yf
39.3
35.9
31.7
31.7
28.8
19.1
18.2
11.7


R134a
17.3
21.0
25.5
25.5
28.5
38.4
39.3
45.6









R32
x
x


R125
0.0893x2 −
0.0455x2 −


approximate
5.3393x + 95.264
3.2944x + 71.427


expression


1234yf
0.2976x2 −
0.1359x2 −


approximate
18.464x + 296.98
11.036x + 211.7


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-4) Point P

For point P, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 19.6 wt %≥x≥15.9 wt %, 21.2 wt %≥x≥19.6 wt %, 22.6 wt %≥x≥21.2 wt %, and 27.3 wt % x 22.6 wt %. Table 3-20 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-20





Point P

















Item
19.6 ≥ P ≥ 15.9
21.2 ≥ P ≥ 19.6




















R32
15.9
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.7
19.6
19.6
20.4
20.8
21.2


R125
39.0
37.5
34.5
33.6
33.4
31.8
31.8
30.3
29.7
29.1


1234yf
33.1
30.6
25.6
24.1
23.7
21.0
21.0
18.4
17.2
16.2


R134a
12.0
15.3
21.8
23.7
24.2
27.6
27.6
30.9
32.3
33.5









R32
x
x


R125
0.0625x2 −
0.2131x2 −


approximate
4.163x + 89.38
10.374x + 153.27


expression


1234yf
0.0875x2 −
0.3409x2 −


approximate
6.3714x + 112.26
16.918x + 221.64


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
22.6 ≥ P ≥ 21.2
27.3 ≥ P ≥ 22.6


















R32
21.2
21.8
22.6
22.6
23.2
25.4
25.6
27.3


R125
29.1
28.1
26.9
26.9
26.0
22.9
22.6
20.4


1234yf
16.2
14.7
12.5
12.5
10.9
5.4
4.9
0.9


R134a
33.5
35.4
38.0
38.0
39.9
46.3
46.9
51.4









R32
x
x


R125
0.119x2 −
0.0266x2 −


approximate
6.7857x + 119.45
2.7121x + 74.585


expression


1234yf
−0.1786x2 +
0.0371x2 −


approximate
5.1786x − 13.329
4.3176x + 91.103


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-5) Point Q

For point Q, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 18.6 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 20.4 wt %≥x≥18.6 wt %, 21.8 wt %≥x≥20.4 wt %, 25.6 wt %≥x≥21.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.6 wt %. Table 3-21 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-21





Point Q

















Item
18.6 ≥ Q ≥ 12.7
20.4 ≥ Q ≥ 18.6



















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.6
18.7
19.6
20.4


R125
0.2
7.1
8.6
11.6
12.6
12.6
12.8
14.5
16.1


1234yf
13.9
21.0
22.6
25.2
26.0
26.0
26.2
27.6
28.8


R134a
73.2
56.0
52.2
45.1
42.8
42.8
42.3
38.3
34.7









R32
x
x


R125
−0.0229x2 +
0.0569x2 −


approximate
2.8179x − 31.898
0.2804x − 1.8753


expression


1234yf
−0.0639x2 +
−0.0523x2 +


approximate
4.0486x − 27.205
3.5865x − 22.587


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression













Item
21.8 ≥ Q ≥ 20.4
25.6 ≥ Q ≥ 21.8
27.3 ≥ Q ≥ 25.6





















R32
20.4
20.8
21.2
21.8
21.8
22.6
23.2
25.4
25.6
25.6
27.3


R125
16.1
17.0
17.7
18.7
18.7
20.2
21.3
25.3
25.7
25.6
38.7


1234yf
28.8
29.7
30.0
30.6
30.6
31.7
32.4
34.9
35.1
35.1
6.8


R134a
34.7
32.5
31.1
28.9
28.9
25.5
23.1
14.4
13.6
13.7
27.2










R32
x
x
x


R125
−0.2929x2 +
−0.0078x2 +
7.7059x − 171.67


approximate
14203x − 151.75
22066x − 25.686


expression


1234yf
−0.8412x2 +
−0.0471 x2 +
−16.647x + 461.26 


approximate
36.769x − 371.19
3.4143x − 21.435


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-6) Point R

For point R, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 18.6 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 20.4 wt %≥x≥18.6 wt %, 21.8 wt %≥x≥20.4 wt %, 25.6 wt %≥x≥21.8 wt %, and 27.3 wt %≥x≥25.6 wt %. Table 3-22 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-22





Point R

















Item
18.6 ≥ R ≥ 12.7
20.4 ≥ R ≥ 18.6



















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
18.1
18.6
18.6
18.7
19.6
20.4


R125
17.8
23.4
24.6
26.9
27.7
27.7
27.8
29.1
30.3


1234yf
4.2
10.7
12.1
14.7
15.6
15.6
15.7
17.1
18.4


R134a
65.3
50.0
46.7
40.3
38.1
38.1
37.8
34.2
30.9









R32
x
x


R125
−0.03x2 +
0.0523x2 −


approximate
2.6154x − 0.573
0.5865x + 20.487


expression


1234yf
−0.0418x2 +
0.0654x2 −


approximate
3.2371x − 30.177
0.9831x + 11.234


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R1254234yf


approximate


expression













Item
21.8 ≥ R ≥ 20.4
25.6 ≥ R ≥ 21.8
27.3 ≥ R ≥ 25.6





















R32
20.4
20.8
21.2
21.8
21.8
22.6
23.2
25.4
25.6
25.6
27.3


R125
30.3
30.8
31.4
32.1
32.1
33.2
33.9
36.5
36.7
36.7
38.7


1234yf
18.4
18.9
19.6
20.4
25.7
21.5
22.2
25.0
25.2
25.2
6.8


R134a
30.9
29.5
27.8
25.7
20.4
22.7
20.7
13.1
12.5
12.5
27.2










R32
x
x
x


R125
−0.0835x2 +
−0.0365x2 +
1.1765x + 6.5824


approximate
4.8254x − 33.399
2.9381x − 14.607


expression


1234-yf
−0.1022x2 +
−0.0152x2 +
−10.824x + 302.28 


approximate
5.7453x − 56.277
1.9858x − 15.652


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-7) Point S

For point S, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 18.1 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 20.8 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 23.2 wt %≥x≥20.8 wt %, 27.3 wt %≥x≥23.2 wt %, and 25.4 wt %≥x≥23.2 wt %. Table 3-23 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-23





Point S

















Item
18.1 ≥ S ≥ 12.7
20.8 ≥ S ≥ 18.1




















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
18.1
18.1
18.6
18.7
19.6
20.4
20.8


R125
19.4
21.1
21.5
22.1
22.1
22.3
22.3
22.7
23.1
23.2


1234yf
44.7
42.3
41.7
40.7
40.7
40.4
40.4
39.8
39.1
39.0


R134a
23.2
20.7
20.2
19.1
19.1
18.7
18.6
17.9
17.4
17.6









R32
x
x


R125
−0.0181x2 +
0.0678x2 −


approximate
1.0601 x + 8.8566
2.1697x + 39.158


expression


1234yf
0.0034x2 −
−0.0568x2 +


approximate
0.8456x + 54.887
1.5392x + 31.442


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
23.2 ≥ S ≥ 20.8
27.3 ≥ S ≥ 23.2



















R32
20.8
21.2
21.8
22.6
23.2
23.2
25.4
25.6
27.3


R125
23.2
23.3
23.5
23.8
23.8
23.8
25.2
25.4
26.3


1234yf
39.0
38.7
38.3
37.7
37.4
37.4
34.9
34.7
32.6


R134a
17.0
16.8
16.4
15.9
15.6
15.6
14.5
143
13.8









R32
x
x


R125
0.0366x2 −
−0.0358x2 +


approximate
1.4284χ + 37.268
2.4172x − 13.013


expression


1234yf
−0.0225x2 +
−0.0223x2 −


approximate
0.3598x + 41.166
0.0137x + 50.421


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(3-8) Point T

For point T, the same calculations as those of point A were performed for the following ranges: 18.1 wt %≥x≥12.7 wt %, 20.8 wt %≥x≥18.1 wt %, 23.2 wt % 2×20.8 wt %, 27.3 wt %≥x≥23.2 wt %, and 25.4 wt %≥x≥23.2 wt %. Table 3-24 shows (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) for each concentration range, determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.









TABLE 3-24





Point T

















Item
18.1 ≥ T ≥ 12.7
20.8 ≥ T ≥ 18.1




















R32
12.7
15.9
16.6
18.1
18.1
18.6
18.7
19.6
20.4
20.8


R125
30.4
31.1
31.3
31.5
31.5
31.6
31.6
31.8
31.9
32.0


1234yf
22.3
21.8
21.7
21.4
21.4
21.2
21.2
21.0
20.8
20.7


R134a
34.6
31.2
30.4
29.0
29.0
28.6
28.5
27.6
26.9
26.5









R32
x
x


R125
−0.0107x2 +
−0.006x2 +


approximate
0.5345x + 25.331
0.417x + 25.928


expression


1234yf
−0.006x2 +
0.0167x2 −


approximate
0.02x + 23.019
0.8974x + 32.141


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression












Item
23.2 ≥ T ≥ 20.8
27.3 ≥ T ≥ 23.2



















R32
20.8
21.2
21.8
22.6
23.2
23.2
25.4
25.6
27.3


R125
32.0
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.7
32.9


1234yf
20.7
20.5
20.4
20.2
20.1
20.1
19.5
19.5
19.0


R134a
26.5
26.3
25.7
25.0
24.3
24.3
22.4
22.2
20.8









R32
x
x


R125
0.0629x2 −
−0.0048x2 +


approximate
2.606x + 58.972
0.3647x + 26.53


expression


1234yf
0.045x2 −
−0.0039x2 −


approximate
2.2196x + 47.368
0.0689x + 23.815


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(4) Method for Determining Intersections V, W, X, Y, Z, and a
(4-1) Intersection V of Line Segment LM and Line Segment ST

In the case of x=R32=17.5 wt %, when y=R125 concentration (wt %) and z=R134a concentration (wt %), line segment JK is represented by z=−3.8364y+132.36, and line segment ST is represented by z=−2.0632y+86.283, as shown in Table 3-25. Intersection V of line segment JK and line segment ST is (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %))=(26.0/32.7/23.8), as shown in Table 3-25, obtained by solving these formulas. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection V in the range of 18.1 wt %≥x≥16.6 wt % is calculated in the same manner as in point A. Table 3-25 shows intersection V (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) determined by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.















TABLE 3-25









Item
L
M
S
T







x = R32
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5



y = R125
24.1
29.6
21.9
31.4



z = 1234yf
39.9
18.8
41.1
21.5



R134a
18.5
34.1
19.5
29.6



Line segment LM
z=
−3.8364
y+
132.36



Line segment ST
z=
−2.0632
y+
86.283











Intersection V









18.1 ≥ x ≥ 16.6












Item
V = M = T
Intersection V
V = L = S







x = R32
16.6
17.5
18.1



y = R125
31.3
26.0
22.1



z = 1234yf
21.7
32.7
40.7



R134a
30.4
23.8
19.1










R32
x



R125
−0.38x2 + 7.0542x + 18.925



approximate



expression



1234yf
0.7958x2 − 14.947x + 50.53



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression










(4-2) Intersection W of Line Segment OP and Line Segment ST

Intersection W when x=R32=20.4 wt % was calculated from the formulas of line segments shown in Table 3-26 in the same manner as for intersection V. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection W in the range of 20.8 wt %≥x≥19.6 wt % was calculated in the same manner as for point A. Table 3-26 shows intersection W (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf 1.5 concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) represented by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.















TABLE 3-26









Item
O
P
S
T







x = R32
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4



y = R125
24.6
30.3
23.1
31.9



z = 1234yf
38.4
18.4
39.2
20.8



R134a
16.6
31.4
17.3
26.9



Line segment OP
z=
−3.5088
y+
124.72



Line segment ST
z=
−2.0909
y+
87.5











Intersection W









2.0.8 ≥ x ≥ 19.6












Item
W = R = T
Intersection W
W = O = S







x = R32
19.6
20.4
20.8



y = R125
31.8
26.3
23.4



z = 1234yf
21.0
32.6
38.9



R134a
27.6
20.7
16.9










R32
x



R125
−0.1565x2 − 0.6764x + 105.19



approximate



expression



1234yf
0.9989x2 − 25.438x + 135.86



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression










(4-3) Intersection X of Line Segment LM and Line Segment QR

Intersection X when x=R32=19.6 wt % was calculated from the formulas of line segments shown in Table 3-27 in the same manner as for intersection V. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection X in the range of 20.8 wt %≥x≥18.6 wt % was calculated in the same manner as for point A. Table 3-27 shows intersection X (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) represented by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.















TABLE 3-27









Item
L
M
Q
R







x = R32
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6



y = R125
18.6
26.0
14.5
29.1



z = 1234yf
36.2
12.6
27.6
17.1



R134a
25.6
41.8
38.3
34.2



Line segment LM
z=
−3.1802
y+
95.519



Line segment QR
z=
−0.7192
y+
38.028











Intersection Y









20.8 ≥ x ≥ 18.6










Item
Y = M = R
Intersection Y
Y = L = Q





x = R32
18.6
19.6
20.8


y = R125
24.2
23.3
16.9


z = 1234yf
20.0
21.3
29.5


R134a
36.5
35.8
32.8








R32
x


R125 approximate
−1.9949x2 + 75.281x − 685.87


expression


1234yf
2.5224x2 − 95.07x + 915.66


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(4-4) Intersection Y of Line Segment OP and Line Segment QR

Intersection Y when x=R32=21.8 wt % was calculated from the formulas of line segments shown in Table 3-−28 in the same manner as for intersection V. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection Y in the range of 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.4 wt % was calculated in the same manner as for point A. Table 3-28 shows intersection Y (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) represented by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.















TABLE 3-28









Item
O
P
Q
R







x = R32
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8



y = R125
21.3
28.1
18.7
32.1



z = 1234yf
35.9
14.7
30.6
20.4



R134a
21.0
35.4
28.9
25.7



Line segment OP
z=
−3.1176
y+
102.31



Line segment QR
z=
−0.7612
y+
44.834











Intersection Z









22.6 ≥ x ≥ 20.4












Item
Z = P = R
Intersection Z
Z = O = Q







x = R32
20.4
21.8
22.6



y = R125
30.3
24.4
20.2



z = 1234yf
18.4
26.3
31.7



R134a
31.4
27.5
25.5










R32
x



R125
−0.4631x2 + 15.324x − 89.572



approximate



expression



1234yf
−0.5325x2 − 16.852x + 140.58



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression










(4-5) Intersection Z of Line Segment OP and Line Segment QR

Intersection Z when x=R32=21.8 wt % was calculated from the formulas of line segments shown in Table 3-29 in the same manner as for intersection V. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection Z in the range of 22.6 wt %≥x≥20.4 wt % was calculated in the same manner as for point A. Table 3-29 shows intersection a (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) represented by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %.















TABLE 3-29









Item
0
P
Q
R







x = R32
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8



y = R125
21.3
28.1
18.7
32.1



z = 1234yf
35.9
14.7
30.6
20.4



R134a
21.0
35.4
28.9
25.7



Line segment OP
z=
−3.1176
y+
102.31



Line segment QR
z=
−0.7612
y+
44.834











Intersection Z









22.6 ≥ x ≥ 2.0.4










Item
Z = P = R
Intersection Z
Z = O = Q





x = R32
20.4
21.8
22.6


y = R125
30.3
24.4
20.2


z = 1234yf
18.4
26.3
31.7


R134a
31.4
27.5
25.5








R32
x


R125 approximate
−0.4631x2 + 15.324x − 89.572


expression


1234yf
−0.5325x2 − 16.852x + 140.58


approximate


expression


R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf


approximate


expression









(4-6) Intersection a of Line Segment ST and Line Segment QR

Intersection a when x=R32=23.2 wt % was calculated from the formulas of line segments shown in Table 3-30 in the same manner as for intersection V. Moreover, the approximate expression of intersection α in the range of 25.4 wt %>×21.8 wt % was calculated in the same manner as for point A. Table 3-30 shows intersection α (R125 concentration (wt %)/1234yf concentration (wt %)/134a concentration (wt %)) represented by the approximate expression of x when R32=x wt %















TABLE 3-30









Item
S
T
Q
R







x = R32
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2



y = R125
23.8
32.4
21.3
33.9



z = 1234yf
37.4
20.1
32.4
22.2



R134a
15.6
24.3
23.1
20.7



Line segment ST
z=
−2.0116
y+
85.277



Line segment QR
z=
−0.8095
y+
49.643











Intersection α









25.4 ≥ x ≥ 21.8












Item
α = T = R
Intersection α
α = S = Q







x = R32
21.8
23.2
25.4



y = R125
32.1
29.6
25.3



z = 1234yf
20.4
25.6
34.9



R134a
25.7
21.5
14.4










R32
x



R125
−0.0609x2 + 0.9855x + 39.557



approximate



expression



1234yf
0.1273x2 − 1.9795x + 3.0676



approximate



expression



R134a
100-R32-R125-1234yf



approximate



expression










The mixture (at least one of the mixtures described above) contained in the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention may further contain water as another component, in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf).


The concentration of water contained in the mixture is preferably 200 weight ppm or less based on the 1234yf content of the mixture. The lower limit of the water concentration based on the 1234yf content of the mixture is not particularly limited, as long as the effect of improving the stability of the composition is exhibited. For example, the lower limit of the water concentration can be 0.1 weight ppm.


The presence of water in the mixture results in an unexpected effect such that the chemical stability of the composition comprising the mixture increases. The reason for this is considered to be as follows. Specifically, because the mixture contains water, the double bonds in the molecules of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in the composition can be stably present, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons is less likely to occur, consequently improving the stability of the composition.


The mixture contained in the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention may contain other component(s) (fluorinated hydrocarbon(s) that are different from the four basic components) in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf). The fluorinated hydrocarbon(s) as other component(s) are not particularly limited, and are, for example, at least one fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.


The mixture contained in the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention may contain, in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf), at least one halogenated organic compound represented by formula (1): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1, as other component(s). In the present invention, R134 (i.e., 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) is not included in formula (1). The at least one halogenated organic compound as other component(s) is not particularly limited. For example, at least one of difluorochloromethane, chloromethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, and the like is preferable.


The mixture contained in the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention may contain, in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf), at least one organic compound represented by formula (2): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents an atom that is not a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1, as other component(s). The at least one organic compound as other component(s) is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies formula (2). Preferable examples include hydrocarbons that satisfy formula (2). For example, at least one of propane, isobutane, and the like is preferable.


As described above, when the mixture contains other components, the content of other components in the mixture, whether other components are used singly or in a combination of two or more, is preferably 0.5 wt % or less, more preferably 0.3 wt % or less, and even more preferably 0.1 wt % or less, as the total content amount.


Second Embodiment to Fourth Embodiment

The composition of the second embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, wherein the mixture comprises R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne. That is, in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf), at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne is contained as other component(s) (fluorinated hydrocarbon(s) that are different from the four basic components).


Moreover, the composition of the third embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, wherein the mixture comprises R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one halogenated organic compound represented by formula (1): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1. That is, in addition to the four basic components (R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf), at least one halogenated organic compound represented by formula (1) is contained as other component(s). Formula (1) is as described above.


Furthermore, the composition of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, wherein the mixture comprises R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one organic compound represented by formula (2): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents an atom that is not a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1. That is, in addition to the four basic components (R32 R125, R134a, and 1234yf), at least one organic compound represented by formula (2) is contained as other component(s). Formula (2) is as described above.


The compositions of the second to fourth embodiments of the present invention can be the same as the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the composition ratio of R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf contained in the mixture is not particularly limited. In the compositions of the second to fourth embodiments of the present invention, the content of other components in the mixture is preferably 0.5 wt % or less, more preferably 0.3 wt % or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 wt % or less, as in the first embodiment.


Fifth Embodiment

The composition of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, wherein the mixture comprises difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and water. That is, in addition to the four basic components (R32 R125, R134a, and 1234yf), water is contained as another component. In the composition of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the content of water as another component in the mixture is preferably 0.5 wt % or less, more preferably 0.3 wt % or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 wt % or less, as in the first embodiment.


The composition ratio of R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf contained in the mixture contained in the composition of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.


The concentration of water contained in the mixture is preferably 200 weight ppm or less based on the 1234yf content of the mixture. The lower limit of the water concentration based on the 1234yf content of the mixture is not particularly limited, as long as the effect of improving the stability of the composition is exhibited. For example, the lower limit of the water concentration can be 0.1 weight ppm.


The presence of water in the mixture results in an unexpected effect such that the chemical stability of the composition comprising the mixture increases. The reason for this is considered to be as follows. Specifically, because the mixture contains water, the double bonds in the molecules of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in the composition can be stably present, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons is less likely to occur, consequently improving the stability of the composition.


The composition of the fifth embodiment of the present invention can be the same as the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the composition ratio of R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf contained in the mixture is not particularly limited.


Optional Additives

The compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention may appropriately contain various additives in addition to the mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons.


The compositions of the present invention may further contain a refrigerant oil. The refrigerant oil is not particularly limited and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigerant oils. In this case, a refrigerant oil that is more excellent in terms of, for example, the effect of improving miscibility with the mixture, and stability of the mixture may be appropriately selected, if necessary,


Although there is no particular limitation, the stability of the mixture can be evaluated by a commonly used method. Examples of such methods include an evaluation method using the amount of free fluorine ions as an index according to ASHRAE Standard 97-2007, and the like. There is, for example, another evaluation method using the total acid number as an index. This method can be performed, for example, according to ASTM D 974-06.


Preferred as the type of the refrigerant oil is, specifically, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).


The refrigerant oil to be used may have, for example, a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 400 cSt. When the refrigerant oil has a kinematic viscosity within this range, it is preferable in terms of lubricity.


The concentration of the refrigerant oil is not particularly limited, and may be generally 10 to 50 wt %, relative to the entire composition.


The compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention may further contain one or more tracers. The one or more tracers are added to the compositions of the present invention at a detectable concentration so that, when the compositions of the present invention are diluted, contaminated, or undergo any other change, the change can be traced. There is no limitation on the tracers. Preferable examples include hydrofluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N2O), and the like. Particularly preferred are hydrofluorocarbons or fluoroethers.


The compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention may further contain a compatibilizer. The type of compatibilizer is not particularly limited. Preferable examples include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, 1,1,1-trifluoroalkans, and the like. Particularly preferred are polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers.


The compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention may further contain one or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. There is no limitation on the ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. Preferable examples include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. Either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both, are particularly preferable.


The compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention may further contain a stabilizer, a polymerization inhibitor, etc., if necessary.


Examples of stabilizers include, but are not particularly limited to, (i) aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene; (ii) ethers, such as 1,4-dioxane; amines, such as 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine; butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, and the like. The stabilizers can be used singly or in a combination of two or more.


The concentration of the stabilizer varies depending on the type of stabilizer, but can be determined within a range in which the properties of the composition are not impaired. The concentration of the stabilizer is generally preferably about 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture.


Examples of polymerization inhibitors include, but are not particularly limited to, 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinonemethyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-1-tert-1-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, and the like.


The concentration of the polymerization inhibitor is generally preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture.


An object can be refrigerated by a method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention. For example, the composition can be circulated via a compressor to form the refrigeration cycle.


It is also possible to obtain a device for forming a refrigeration cycle in which each of the above compositions is circulated via a compressor. In a refrigeration method using such a device, because the composition ratio of R32, R1.25, R134a, and 1234yf contained in the mixture is the above specific composition ratio, the outlet temperature of the compressor can, for example, be set to 115° C. or less. Because the outlet temperature of the compressor is set within this range, when the composition comprises a refrigerant oil, the deterioration of the refrigerant oil can be suppressed.


Examples of refrigerating devices that can use the compositions of the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, freezers, water coolers, ice machines, refrigerating showcases, freezing showcases, freezing and refrigerating units, refrigerating devices used, for example, for freezing and refrigerating warehouses, chillers (chilling units), turbo refrigerators, screw refrigerators, and the like.


EXAMPLES

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the Examples.


Examples 1-1 to 3-100 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 3-105

The GWP of each of R404A and compositions comprising a mixture of R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf was evaluated based on the values given in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The refrigerating capacity of each of R404A and the compositions comprising a mixture of R32, R125, R134a, and 1234yf was determined by performing refrigeration cycle theoretical calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP 9.0) under the following conditions.


Evaporation temperature: −40° C.


Condensation temperature: 40° C.


Superheating temperature: 20 K


Supercooling temperature: 0 K


Compressor efficiency: 70%


The flammability was determined based on the ASHRAE flammability classification.


Further, Tables 4-1 to 6-16 show the GWP, COP, compressor outlet pressure, compressor outlet temperature, and refrigerating capacity calculated based on these results. Table 5 shows the COP, refrigerating capacity, and compressor outlet pressure each relative to those of R22, and Table 6 shows the COP and refrigerating capacity each relative to those of R404A.


The coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated according to the following equation.





COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/amount of electrical power consumed


In FIGS. 15 to 29 and 33 to 46, open circles (◯) represent the compositions of the Examples other than the reference signs, and open triangles (Δ) represent the compositions of the Comparative Examples other than the reference signs.



















TABLE 4-1









Comparative











Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-1
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8

















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′
N





















Composition
R32
mass %
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8



R125
mass %
45.4
13.6
39.8
9.7
0.0
39.3
10.7
0.0
0.0



1234yf
mass %
45.8
0.0
37.7
52.2
28.7
37.0
50.9
24.9
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
77.6
13.7
29.3
62.5
14.9
29.6
66.3
91.2

















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
748
872
1500
784
922
1245


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


























TABLE 4-2









Comparative











Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-2
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16

















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′
N





















Composition
R32
mass %
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7



R125
mass %
44.6
14.9
39.7
13.4
0.0
39.2
14.4
0.0
0.0



1234yf
mass %
42.7
0.0
35.6
48.5
17.2
35.0
47.2
13.4
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
72.4
12.0
25.4
70.1
13.1
25.7
73.9
87.3

















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
841
997
1500
877
1047
1221


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


























TABLE 4-3









Comparative











Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-3
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24

















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′
N





















Composition
R32
mass %
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1



R125
mass %
44.3
15.4
39.5
14.7
0.0
39.1
15.8
0.0
0.0



1234yf
mass %
41.6
0.0
34.7
47.2
13.5
34.1
45.8
9.7
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
70.5
11.7
24.0
72.4
12.7
24.3
76.2
85.9

















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
874
1037
1500
913
1086
1212


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


























TABLE 4-4









Comparative











Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-4
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32

















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′
N





















Composition
R32
mass %
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1



R125
mass %
43.9
16.0
39.4
16.5
0.0
39.0
17.6
0.0
0.0



1234yf
mass %
40.0
0.0
33.6
45.3
8.5
33.0
43.9
4.7
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
67.9
10.9
22.1
75.4
11.9
22.4
79.2
83.9

















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
920
1089
1500
959
1139
1200


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-5









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-5
1-33
1-34
1-35
1-36
1-37
1-38
1-39
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′ = N




















Composition
R32
mass %
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %
43.4
16.7
39.3
18.3
0.0
38.9
19.4
0.0



1234yf
mass %
38.5
0.0
32.6
43.5
3.9
31.9
42.1
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
65.2
10.0
20.1
78.0
11.1
20.4
81.9
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
964
1137
1506
1003
1187


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


























TABLE 4-6









Comparative











Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-6
1-40
1-41
1-42
1-43
1-44
1-45
1-46
1-47

















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′
N





















Composition
R32
mass %
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2



R125
mass %
43.2
17.1
39.3
19.4
0.0
38.8
20.5
1.0
0.0



1234yf
mass %
37.6
0.0
32.0
42.5
1.6
31.3
41.1
0.0
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
63.7
9.5
18.9
79.2
10.7
19.2
79.8
80.8

















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
991
1160
1500
1030
1199
1180


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-7









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-7
1-48
1-49
1-50
1-51
1-52
1-53
1-54
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I = N
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
20.3
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0



R125
mass %
43.0
17.3
39.3
20.1
0.0
38.8
21.2
1.8



1234yf
mass %
37.0
0.0
31.5
41.8
0.0
30.9
40.4
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
62.7
9.2
18.1
80.0
10.3
18.4
78.2
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
1008
1175
1500
1047
1209


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-8









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-8
1-55
1-56
1-57
1-58
1-59
1-60
1-61
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2



R125
mass %
42.8
17.7
39.3
21.0
1.3
38.8
22.2
3.1



1234yf
mass %
36.0
0.0
30.9
40.7
3.0
30.4
39.3
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
61.1
8.6
17.1
77.5
9.6
17.3
75.7
















GWP
Year
1503
1500
1500
1032
1192
1500
1073
1226


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-9









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-9
1-62
1-63
1-64
1-65
1-66
1-67
1-68
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6



R125
mass %
42.5
18.2
39.2
22.1
2.7
38.8
23.3
4.6



1234yf
mass %
34.9
0.0
30.2
39.4
0.0
29.7
38.0
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
59.2
8.0
15.9
74.7
8.9
16.1
72.8
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
1061
1210
1500
1101
1245


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


























TABLE 4-10








Comparative












Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example





1-10
1-69
1-70
1-71
1-72
1-73
1-74
1-75


Item

Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′

























Composition
R32
mass %
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2



R125
mass %
42.1
18.7
39.2
23.3
4.3
38.8
24.6
6.2



1234yf
mass %
33.7
0.0
29.3
37.9
0.0
28.8
36.5
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
57.1
7.3
14.6
71.5
8.2
14.7
69.6


GWP

Year
1500
1500
1500
1093
1230
1500
1135
1265


ASHRAE non-


Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability



flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-11









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-11
1-76
1-77
1-78
1-79
1-80
1-81
1-82
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4



R125
mass %
41.9
19.1
39.1
24.2
5.4
38.7
25.4
7.3



1234yf
mass %
32.7
0.0
28.7
36.8
0.0
28.1
35.3
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
55.5
6.8
13.6
69.2
7.7
13.9
67.3
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
1116
1243
1500
1158
1278


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-12









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-12
1-83
1-84
1-85
1-86
1-87
1-88
1-89
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
26.5
26.5
26.5
25.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5



R125
mass %
41.6
19.5
39.1
25.0
6.5
38.6
26.2
8.5



1234yf
mass %
31.9
0.0
28.2
35.7
0.0
27.7
34.3
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
54.0
6.2
12.8
67.0
7.2
13.0
65.0
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
1139
1256
1500
1179
1294


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

























TABLE 4-13









Comparative










Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



1-13
1-90
1-91
1-92
1-93
1-94
1-95
1-96
















Item
Unit
A
D
G
H
I
G′
H′
I′




















Composition
R32
mass %
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3



R125
mass %
41.4
19.8
39.1
25.6
7.3
38.7
26.8
9.3



1234yf
mass %
31.3
0.0
27.8
35.0
0.0
27.2
33.6
0.0



R134a
mass %
0.0
52.9
5.8
12.1
65.4
6.8
12.3
63.4
















GWP
Year
1500
1500
1500
1154
1266
1500
1195
1304


ASHRAE non-

Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-


flammability


flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 5-1










Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative




Example
Example
2-1
Example



Comparative
2-1
2-2
G′ =
2-3













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
B = C
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8



R125
mass %

45.4
13.6
39.3
10.7



1234yf
mass %

45.8
0.0
37.0
50.9



R134a
mass %

0.0
77.6
14.9
29.6













GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
784














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
86.52
36.43
89.95
93.09



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
80
64
79
67



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
94
113
97
99



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
108.1
83.8
102.5
87.3



pressure
R22%)

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-4
2-2
2-3
2-4















Item
Unit
Example
I′
E
F
B′




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8




R125
mass %

0.0
30.6
32.3
37.3




1234yf
mass %

24.9
41.2
26.9
38.0




R134a
mass %

66.3
19.4
320
15.9















GWP
Year
1760
922
1282
1500
1449
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
96.17
90.99
91.71
90.19




performance
R22%)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
62
75
75
78




capacity
R22%)




Outlet
° C.
149
108
97
101
97




temperature




Outlet
(relative to
100
80.3
97.5
97.5
101.25




pressure
R22%)



















Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
2-5
2-6
2-7
Example
Example














Item
Unit
Example
C′
E′
F′
2-8
2-5


















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8



R125
mass %

37.6
32.9
34.1
35.0
25.0



1234yf
mass %

34.6
40.1
29.5
36.2
36.2



R134a
mass %

19.0
18.2
27.6
20.0
30.0














GWP
Year
1760
1500
1340
1500
1429
1242















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
90.37
90.72
91.25
90.66
92.12



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
78
76
76
77
72



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
98
97
100
98
100



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
101.25
98.75
98.75
99.78
94.04



pressure
R22%)






















TABLE 5-2










Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7



R125
mass %

44.6
14.9
39.2
14.4



1234yf
mass %

42.7
0.0
35.0
47.2



R134a
mass %

0.0
72.4
13.1
25.7













GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
784














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
88.93
96.26
90.27
93.09



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
89
69
85
67



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
97
117
101
99



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
112.6
89.2
108.5
87.3



pressure
R22%)

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-10
2-9
2-10
2-11















Item
Unit
Example
I′
B
C
E




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7




R125
mass %

0.0
28.9
31.5
19.6




1234yf
mass %

13.4
40.1
23.9
44.6




R134a
mass %

73.9
18.3
31.9
23.1















GWP
Year
1760
922
1240
1500
1008
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
96.17
91.45
92.16
92.43




performance
R22%)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
62
81
80
77




capacity
R22%)




Outlet
° C.
149
108
102
106
103




temperature




Outlet
(relative to
100
80.3
102.5
102.5
97.5




pressure
R22%)





















Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
Example
Example
















Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
E′
F′
2-17
2-11




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7



R125
mass %

25.2
26.6
29.9
22.0
26.8
27.5
35.0



1234yf
mass %

14.8
41.2
21.6
43.5
17.1
27.3
32.3



R134a
mass %

47.3
19.5
35.8
21.8
43.4
32.5
20.0
















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1183
1500
1067
1500
1381
1456

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
93.72
91.70
92.56
92.18
93.32
92.49
91.08



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
76
80
79
78
77
79
83



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
110
102
107
102
109
106
103



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
97.5
101.25
101.25
9875
9875
100.47
105.59



pressure
R22%)






















TABLE 5-3










Comparative
Comparative
Comparative





Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-18













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = E

















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1



R125
mass %

44.3
15.4
39.1
15.8



1234yf
mass %

41.6
0.0
34.1
45.8



R134a
mass %

0.0
70.5
12.7
24.3













GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
913














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
89.11
96.19
90.40
92.87



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
91
71
88
77



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
99
118
102
104



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
114.6
91.1
110.6
97.5



pressure
R22%)

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-15
2-19
2-20
2-21















Item
Unit
Example
I′
B
C
F




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1




R125
mass %

0.0
25.2
29.2
23.1




1234yf
mass %

9.7
41.0
19.9
11.1




R134a
mass %

76.2
19.7
36.8
51.7















GWP
Year
1760
1086
1151
1500
1500
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
97.23
91.94
92.81
94.30




performance
R22%)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
67
81
81
76




capacity
R22%)




Outlet
° C.
149
118
104
109
113




temperature




Outlet
(relative to
100
84.8
102.5
102.5
97.5




pressure
R22%)




















Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-25
Example
Example















Item
Unit
Example
B′
C′
E′
F′
2-26
2-16



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1



R125
mass %

22.9
27.7
18.2
24.6
25.0
15.0



1234yf
mass %

42.2
17.7
44.6
13.2
25.9
25.9



R134a
mass %

20.8
40.5
23.1
48.1
35.0
45.0















GWP
Year
1760
1092
1500
973
1500
1343
1156
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
92.17
93.18
92.64
93.94
92.96
94.26



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
80
80
78
77
79
75



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
104
110
104
112
108
110



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
100.81
95.07



pressure
R22%)






















TABLE 5-4










Comparative
Comparative
Comparative





Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-27













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = E′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8



R125
mass %

44.2
15.6
39.1
16.4



1234yf
mass %

41.0
0.0
33.7
45.2



R134a
mass %

0.0
69.6
12.4
23.6













GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
927














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
89.19
96.16
90.45
92.84



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
92
72
89
78



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
100
119
103
105



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
115.7
92.1
111.6
98.75



pressure
R22%)

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
2-20
2-28
2-29
2-30















Item
Unit
Example
I′
B
C
E




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8




R125
mass %

0.0
23.3
28.0
14.7




1234yf
mass %

7.9
41.6
17.9
41.0




R134a
mass %

77.3
20.3
39.3
29.5















GWP
Year
1760
1105
1103
1500
949
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
97.36
92.17
93.13
93.31




performance
R22%)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
67
81
81
77




capacity
R22%)




Outlet
° C.
149
119
105
111
107




temperature




Outlet
(relative to
100
85.4
1025
102.5
97.5




pressure
R22%)




















Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
2-31
2-32
2-33
2-34
Example
Example















Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
F′
2-35
2-21



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8



R125
mass %

22.1
21.0
26.6
23.6
20.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

9.4
42.8
15.8
11.5
35.2
25.2



R134a
mass %

53.7
21.4
42.8
50.1
30.0
30.0















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1045
1500
1500
1125
1441
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
94.57
92.40
93.48
94.21
93.01
92.33



performance
R22%)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
77
80
80
78
79
83



capacity
R22%)



Outlet
° C.
149
115
105
112
114
107
108



temperature



Outlet
(relative to
100
97.50
101.25
101.25
98.75
99.94
104.75



pressure
R22%)


























TABLE 5-5









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-22
Example 2-23
Example 2-24
2-36
Example 2-25
2-37
2-38
2-39


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = B′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1



R125
mass %

43.9
16.0
39.0
17.6
0.0
19.9
26.1
13.0



1234yf
mass %

40.0
0.0
33.0
43.9
4.7
42.7
14.5
33.5



R134a
mass %

0.0
67.9
11.9
22.4
79.2
21.3
43.3
37.4

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
959
1139
1017
1500
1008


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.34
96.11
90.54
92.79
97.58
92.58
93.65
94.01



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
95
74
91
81
68
82
81
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
101
120
104
106
121
106
113
110



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
117.5
93.8
113.5
101.25
86.3
102.5
102.5
97.5




to R22%)




















Com-










parative
Example 2-40
Example 2-41
Example 2-42
Example 2-43

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
C′
E′
F′
Example 2-44
Example 2-26



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1



R125
mass %

20.3
24.6
14.4
21.7
17.5
10.0



1234yf
mass %

6.2
12.4
36.8
8.2
23.9
23.9



R134a
mass %

57.4
46.9
32.7
54.0
42.5
50.0















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
991
1500
1216
1076
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
95.09
94.01
93.63
94.72
94.09
95.01



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
77
80
79
78
78
75



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
117
114
109
116
112
114



temperature











Outlet pressure
(relative
100
97.50
101.25
98.75
98.75
98.87
94.66




to R22%)


























TABLE 5-6









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-27
Example 2-28
Example 2-29
2-45
Example 2-30
2-46
2-47
2-48


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = B
I′
C
E
F





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8



R125
mass %

43.7
16.3
39.0
18.2
0.0
25.1
12.1
19.4



1234yf
mass %

39.5
0.0
32.6
43.3
3.0
12.7
29.8
4.5



R134a
mass %

0.0
66.9
11.6
21.7
80.2
45.4
41.3
59.3

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
973
1156
1500
1035
1500


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.43
96.27
90.59
92.77
97.70
93.93
94.37
95.31



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
96
74
92
82
69
81
78
77



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
102
121
105
107
123
115
112
119



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
118.5
93.8
114.5
102.5
86.7
102.5
97.5
97.5




to R22%)




















Com-










parative
Example 2-49
Example 2-50
Example 2-51
Example 2-52

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
B′
C′
E′
F′
Example 2-53
Example 2-31



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8



R125
mass %

16.6
23.7
13.5
20.8
20.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

39.7
10.7
32.9
6.5
33.2
33.2



R134a
mass %

26.9
48.8
36.8
55.9
30.0
20.0















GWP
Year
1760
990
1500
1020
1500
1138
1325
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
93.18
94.26
93.99
94.97
93.16
91.84



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
81
80
79
78
82
87



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
108
116
111
118
110
107



temperature











Outlet pressure
(relative
100
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
102.50
108.64




to R22%)


























TABLE 5-7









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-32
Example 2-33
Example 2-34
2-35
Example 2-36
2-54
2-55
2-56


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4



R125
mass %

43.6
16.5
38.9
18.8
0.0
17.3
24.3
11.4



1234yf
mass %

39.0
0.0
32.3
42.7
1.6
39.5
11.2
26.6



R134a
mass %

0.0
66.1
11.2
21.1
81.0
25.8
47.1
44.6

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
988
1171
1002
1500
1059


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.49
96.04
90.62
92.74
97.80
93.12
94.15
94.66



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
97
76
93
83
69
82
82
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
102
121
106
108
124
109
116
114



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
119.3
95.6
115.4
103.7
87.1
102.5
102.5
97.5




to R22%)





















Com-



Example







parative
Example 2-57
Example 2-58
Example 2-59
2-60
Example 2-61
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
E′
F′
2-62
Example 2-37




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4



R125
mass %

18.6
15.8
22.9
12.9
20.0
17.5
10.0



1234yf
mass %

3.1
36.2
9.3
29.8
5.2
22.6
12.6



R134a
mass %

60.9
30.6
50.4
39.9
57.4
42.5
60.0
















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1017
1500
1046
1500
1225
1215

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
95.52
93.51
94.48
94.27
95.17
94.19
95.81



performance
to R22%)











Refrigerating
(relative
100
77
81
81
79
78
80
75



capacity
to R22%)











Outlet
° C.
149
120
110
117
113
119
114
119



temperature












Outlet pressure
(relative
100
97.5
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
100.38
94.49




to R22%)


























TABLE 5-8









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-38
Example 2-39
Example 2-40
Example 2-41
Example 2-42
2-63
2-64
2-65


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %

43.4
16.7
38.9
19.4
0.0
16.4
23.3
10.7



1234yf
mass %

38.5
0.0
31.9
42.1
0.0
35.5
9.5
23.2



R134a
mass %

0.0
65.2
11.1
20.4
81.9
30.0
49.1
48.0

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1003
1187
1033
1500
1086


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.57
96.01
90.68
92.71
97.91
93.48
94.38
94.97



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
98
77
94
85
70
82
82
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
103
122
106
108
125
111
117
116



temperature













Outlet
(relative
100
120.2
96.6
116.3
105.0
87.6
102.5
102.5
97.5



pressure
to R22%)





















Com-



Example







parative
Example 2-66
Example 2-67
Example 2-68
2-69
Example 2-70
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
E′
F′
2-71
Example 2-43




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %

17.8
15.0
22.0
12.1
19.2
15.0
20.0



1234yf
mass %

1.5
32.5
7.6
26.3
3.6
21.9
31.9



R134a
mass %

62.6
34.4
52.3
43.5
59.1
45.0
30.0
















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1046
1500
1072
1500
1183
1147

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
95.75
93.84
94.73
94.60
95.40
94.55
93.26



performance
to R22%)











Refrigerating
(relative
100
78
81
81
79
79
80
84



capacity
to R22%)











Outlet
° C.
149
121
112
118
115
120
115
111



temperature












Outlet
(relative
100
97.5
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
99.72
104.13



pressure
to R22%)


























TABLE 5-9









Com-
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-44
2-72
Example 2-45
Example 2-46
Example 2-47
2-73
2-74
2-75


Item
Unit
Example
A
D = F
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8



R125
mass %

43.3
16.9
38.9
20.1
0.7
15.6
22.5
10.1



1234yf
mass %

37.9
0.0
31.5
41.5
0.0
32.0
8.0
20.2



R134a
mass %

0.0
64.3
10.8
19.6
80.5
33.6
50.7
50.9

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1020
1196
1059
1500
1109


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.64
95.98
90.72
92.66
97.82
93.81
94.63
95.25



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
99
78
95
86
71
83
82
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
104
123
107
109
125
113
119
118



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
121.2
97.5
117.3
106.3
88.7
102.5
102.5
97.5




to R22%)




















Com-

Example








parative
Example 2-76
2-77
Example 2-78
Example 2-79

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
B′
C′
E′
F′
Example 2-80
Example 2-48



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8



R125
mass %

14.2
21.1
11.4
18.3
20.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

28.9
6.0
23.0
2.0
11.2
6.2



R134a
mass %

38.1
54.1
46.8
60.9
50.0
45.0















GWP
Year
1760
1073
1500
1097
1500
1411
1663
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
94.17
94.97
94.90
95.64
94.70
93.79



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
81
81
79
79
81
86



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
114
120
116
122
118
118



temperature











Outlet pressure
(relative
100
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
101.66
106.82




to R22%)


























TABLE 5-10









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-49
Example 2-50
Example 2-51
Example 2-52
Example 2-53
2-81
2-82
2-83


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2



R125
mass %

43.2
17.1
38.8
20.5
1.0
15.2
22.0
9.7



1234yf
mass %

37.6
0.0
31.3
41.1
0.0
29.9
7.1
18.4



R134a
mass %

0.0
63.7
10.7
19.2
79.8
35.7
51.7
52.7

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1030
1199
1076
1500
1123


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.69
95.95
90.76
92.64
97.78
93.99
94.76
95.42



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
100
78
96
87
71
83
82
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
104
123
107
109
126
114
120
119



temperature













Outlet
(relative
100
121.7
98.1
117.8
107.1
89.3
102.5
102.5
97.5



pressure
to R22%)





















Com-



Example







parative
Example 2-84
Example 2-85
Example 2-86
2-87
Example 2-88
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
E′
F′
2-89
Example 2-54




















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2



R125
mass %

16.1
13.8
20.6
11.1
17.9
15.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

0.0
27.0
5.1
21.2
1.1
15.8
30.8



R134a
mass %

64.7
40.0
55.1
48.5
61.8
50.0
20.0
















GWP
Year
1760
1481
1088
1500
1113
1500
1256
1341

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
96.07
94.35
95.10
95.06
95.76
94.97
92.03



performance
to R22%)











Refrigerating
(relative
100
78
82
81
79
79
80
91



capacity
to R22%)











Outlet
° C.
149
123
115
121
117
123
118
110



temperature












Outlet
(relative
100
97.5
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
100.07
111.77



pressure
to R22%)


























TABLE 5-11









Com-
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-55
2-90
Example 2-56
Example 2-57
Example 2-58
2-91
2-92
2-93


Item
Unit
Example
A
D = F′
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7



R125
mass %

43.1
17.3
38.8
20.9
1.5
14.7
21.4
9.3



1234yf
mass %

37.2
0.0
31.0
40.7
0.0
27.7
5.9
16.3



R134a
mass %

0.0
63.0
10.4
18.7
78.8
37.9
53.0
54.7

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1501
1499
1039
1205
1092
1501
1139


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.74
95.92
90.78
92.62
97.71
94.19
94.93
95.61



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
100
79
97
88
72
83
82
78



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
105
123
108
110
126
115
121
120



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
122.4
98.76
118.6
108.0
90.1
102.5
102.50
97.50




to R22%)




















Com-

Example








parative
Example 2-94
2-95
Example 2-96
Example 2-97

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
C′
E′
Example 2-98
Example 2-59



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7



R125
mass %

15.1
13.3
20.0
10.6
15.0
10.0



1234yf
mass %

0.0
24.8
4.0
19.1
15.3
53.0



R134a
mass %

65.2
42.2
56.3
50.6
50.0
65.0















GWP
Year
1760
1460
1104
1500
1127
1259
1296
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
96.18
94.55
95.26
95.26
95.01
94.59



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
78
82
81
79
81
71



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
124
116
122
119
119
108



temperature











Outlet pressure
(relative
100
97.5
101.25
101.25
98.75
100.60
90.76




to R22%)


























TABLE 5-12










Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative







Com-
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example




parative
2-60
2-99
2-61
2-62
2-63
2-100
2-101
2-102


Item
Unit
Example
A
D = C′
G′
H′
I′
B
C
E





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6



R125
mass %

42.7
17.9
38.8
22.5
3.5
13.0
19.2
7.8



1234yf
mass %

35.7
0.0
30.2
38.9
0.0
19.5
1.8
8.8



R134a
mass %

0.0
60.5
9.4
17.0
74.9
45.9
57.4
61.8

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1081
1231
1155
1500
1197


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
89.93
95.82
90.87
92.54
97.45
94.93
95.52
96.30



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
103
82
100
91
75
83
83
79



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
107
125
110
111
128
120
124
124



temperature













Outlet
(relative
100
124.8
101.25
121.2
111.4
93.2
102.5
102.5
97.5



pressure
to R22%)




















Com-
Example
Example
Example







parative
2-103
2-104
2-105
Example 2-106

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
F
B′
E′
F′
Example 2-107
Example 2-64



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6



R125
mass %

11.3
11.7
9.1
13.5
15.0
20.0



1234yf
mass %

0.0
16.8
11.4
0.0
8.4
18.4



R134a
mass %

67.1
49.9
57.9
64.9
55.0
40.0















GWP
Year
1760
1377
1166
1188
1418
1337
1300
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
96.59
95.27
95.96
96.34
95.50
94.17



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
79
82
80
80
82
87



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
127
121
123
126
123
119



temperature











Outlet
(relative
100
97.5
101.25
98.75
98.75
101.50
106.54



pressure
to R22%)


























TABLE 5-13










Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative







Com-
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example




parative
2-65
2-108
2-66
2-67
2-68
2-109
2-110
2-111


Item
Unit
Example
A
D = C
G′
H′
I′
B
E
F





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5



R125
mass %

42.5
18.2
38.8
23.2
4.5
12.3
7.2
9.6



1234yf
mass %

35.0
0.0
29.8
38.1
0.0
16.0
5.7
0.0



R134a
mass %

0.0
59.3
8.9
16.2
73.0
49.2
64.6
67.9

















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1099
1244
1182
1200
1339


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
90.02
95.77
90.90
92.50
97.32
95.25
96.58
96.76



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
105
83
101
93
77
84
79
79



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
108
126
110
112
129
122
126
128



temperature













Outlet
(relative
100
126.0
102.50
122.4
113.0
94.7
102.5
97.5
97.5



pressure
to R22%)




















Com-
Example
Example
Example







parative
2-112
2-113
2-114
Example 2-115

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
B′
C′
E′
F′
Example 2-116
Example 2-69



















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5



R125
mass %

11.0
16.2
8.5
11.8
15.0
7.5



1234yf
mass %

13.4
0.0
8.1
0.0
2.5
2.5



R134a
mass %

53.1
61.3
60.9
65.7
60.0
67.5















GWP
Year
1760
1191
1463
1214
1380
1408
1268
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
95.58
96.01
96.26
96.51
95.95
96.79



performance
to R22%)










Refrigerating
(relative
100
82
82
80
80
82
79



capacity
to R22%)










Outlet
° C.
149
123
126
125
127
126
127



temperature











Outlet
(relative
100
101.25
101.25
98.75
98.75
101.21
96.93



pressure
to R22%)


























TABLE 5-14










Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative








Com-
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example




parative
2-70
2-71
2-72
2-73
2-117
2-118
2-119
2-120


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′ = E = F
B
C
B′





















Com-
R32
mass %
R22
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2


position
R125
mass %

42.1
18.7
38.8
24.5
6.2
11.1
15.0
9.9



1234yf
mass %

33.7
0.0
28.8
36.5
0.0
9.7
0.0
7.3



R134a
mass %

0.0
57.1
8.2
14.8
69.6
55.0
60.8
58.6

















GWP

1760
1500
1500
1500
1135
1265
1231
1430
1240


















Per-
Coefficient of
(relative
100
90.19
95.68
91.00
92.43
97.09
95.81
96.11
96.12


formance
performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
107
85
104
97
79
84
84
83



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
109
128
112
114
130
126
128
127



temperature













Outlet
(relative
100
128.0
104.7
124.6
116.0
97.5
102.5
102.5
101.25



pressure
to R22%)





























Example
Example







Comparative
2-121
2-122
Example 2-123

Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
C′
E′
F′
Example 2-124
Example 2-74


















Com-
R32
mass %
R22
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2


position
R125
mass %

12.9
7.4
8.5
10.0
20.0



1234yf
mass %

0.0
2.4
0.0
3.3
5.8



R134a
mass %

62.9
66.0
65.7
62.5
50.0














GWP

1760
1390
1256
1308
1293
1448















Per-
Coefficient of
(relative
100
96.36
96.78
96.84
96.42
95.06


formance
performance
to R22%)









Refrigerating
(relative
100
83
81
81
82
88



capacity
to R22%)









Outlet
° C.
149
129
129
130
128
125



temperature










Outlet
(relative
100
101.25
98.75
98.75
100.4
107.0



pressure
to R22%)


























TABLE 5-15









Com-
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example




parative
Example 2-75
Example 2-76
Example 2-77
Example 2-78
2-125
2-126
2-127
2-128


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′ = E′ = F′
B
C
B′





















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0



R125
mass %

42.0
19.0
38.8
25.1
6.9
10.6
13.5
9.4



1234yf
mass %

33.0
56.0
28.3
35.7
0.0
7.1
0.0
4.7



R134a
mass %

0.0
0.0
7.9
14.2
68.1
57.3
61.5
60.9

















GWP

1760
1500
1500
1500
1150
1273
1250
1397
1259


















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
90.32
95.63
91.02
92.41
97.00
96.04
96.27
96.36



performance
to R22%)












Refrigerating
(relative
100
108
87
105
98
81
84
84
83



capacity
to R22%)












Outlet
° C.
149
110
128
113
114
131
128
129
129



temperature













Outlet pressure
(relative
100
128.7
105.8
125.8
117.3
98.75
102.5
102.5
101.25




to R22%)



























Example 2-129




Item
Unit
Comparative Example
C′
Example 2-130
Comparative Example 2-79
















Composition
R32
mass %
R22
25.0
25.0
25.0



R125
mass %

11.3
11.5
22.5



1234yf
mass %

0.0
2.5
2.5



R134a
mass %

63.7
61.0
50.0












GWP

1760
1356
1327
1533













Performance
Coefficient of
(relative
100
96.52
96.29
95.01



performance
to R22%)







Refrigerating
(relative
100
83
84
89



capacity
to R22%)







Outlet
° C.
149
130
129
127



temperature








Outlet pressure
(relative
100
101.25
102.0
108.7




to R22%)

























TABLE 5-16








Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example




Comparative
Example 2-80
Example 2-81
Example 2-82
Example 2-83
2-131
2-132
2-133


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′ = B′ = C′
B
C

























Composition
R32
mass %
R22
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5



R125
mass %

41.6
19.5
38.7
26.2
8.5
9.7
10.7



1234yf
mass %

31.9
0.0
27.6
34.3
0.0
2.3
0.0



R134a
mass %

0.0
54.0
7.2
13.0
65.0
61.5
62.8
















GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1179
1294
1286
1335

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
90.41
95.54
91.10
92.35
96.79
96.47
96.54



performance
R22%)











Refrigerating
(relative to
100
111
89
108
101
83
84
84



capacity
R22%)











Outlet
° C.
149
112
130
114
116
132
131
131



temperature












Outlet pressure
(relative to
100
130.7
107.8
127.6
119.9
101.25
102.5
102.5




R22%)























TABLE 5-17








Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative





Comparative
Example 2-84
Example 2-85
Example 2-86
Example 2-87
Example 2-134


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′
I′ = B = C























Composition
R32
mass %
R22
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3



R125
mass %

41.4
19.8
38.7
26.8
9.3



1234yf
mass %

31.3
0.0
27.2
33.6
0.0



R134a
mass %

0.0
52.9
6.8
12.3
63.4














GWP
Year
1760
1500
1500
1500
1195
1304















Performance
Coefficient of performance
(relative to R22%)
100
88.36
95.49
91.13
92.32
96.67



Refrigerating capacity
(relative to R22%)
100
96
90
109
102
85



Outlet temperature
° C.
149
113
130
115
116
132



Outlet pressure
(relative to R22%)
100
122.7
108.9
128.7
121.2
102.5























TABLE 6-1










Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative




Comparative
Example 3-1
Example 3-2
Example 3-1
Example 3-3
Example 3-4


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′ = L = M
H′
I′


















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7



R125
mass %

44.6
14.9
39.2
14.4
0.0



1234yf
mass %

42.7
0.0
35.0
47.2
13.4



R134a
mass %

0.0
72.4
13.1
25.7
73.9














GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
784
922















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
103.66
112.20
105.22
108.51
112.09



performance
R404A %)









Refrigerating
(relative to
100
93
73
90
71
65



capacity
R404A %)









Outlet
° C.
93
97
117
101
99
108



temperature





















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-flammable
Non-flammable
Non-flammable
Non-flammable


















flammable
























Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Comparative
Example 3-5
Example 3-6
Example 3-7
Example 3-8


Item
Unit
Example
Q
R
S
T

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7



R125
mass %

0.2
17.8
19.4
30.4



1234yf
mass %

13.9
4.2
44.7
22.3



R134a
mass %

73.2
65.3
23.2
34.6













GWP
Year
3922
1044
1500
1003
1500














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
112.96
111.36
107.75
107.75



performance
R404A %)








Refrigerating
(relative to
100
69
75
80
83



capacity
R404A %)








Outlet
° C.
93
115
115
103
107



temperature



















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-flammable
Non-flammable
Non-flammable
Non-flammable

















flammable





























TABLE 6-2










Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example




Comparative
Example 3-9
Example 3-10
3-12
Example 3-11
Example 3-12
3-3
3-4


Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′ = O = P
H′
I′
L
M




















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9



R125
mass %

43.9
16.0
39.0
17.4
0.0
29.3
32.7



1234yf
mass %

40.2
0.0
33.1
44.1
5.2
38.1
24.1



R134a
mass %

0.0
68.1
12.0
22.5
78.9
16.7
27.3
















GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
952
1133
1254
1500

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.12
112.03
105.52
108.17
113.70
106.78
107.30



performance
R404A %)











Refrigerating
(relative to
100
99
77
95
84
71
90
90



capacity
R404A %)











Outlet
° C.
93
101
120
104
106
121
105
109



temperature

























ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




















flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable





















Comparative
Comparative
Comparative







Comparative
Example 3-13
Example 3-14
Example 3-15
Example 3-5
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example
Q
R
S
T
3-6
Example 3-16



















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9



R125
mass %

7.1
23.4
21.1
31.1
32.5
40.0



1234yf
mass %

21.0
10.7
42.3
21.8
31.6
24.1



R134a
mass %

56.0
50.0
20.7
31.2
20.0
20.0















GWP
Year
3922
1061
1500
1046
1500
1398
1636
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
111.39
109.92
107.75
107.75
106.74
106.06



performance
R404A %)










Refrigerating
(relative to
100
77
83
86
89
91
94



capacity
R404A %)










Outlet
° C.
93
115
115
106
110
106
107



temperature























ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-



















flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-3










Comparative
Comparative

Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-17
3-18
3-7
3-19













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
16.6
16.6
16.6
16.6



R125
mass %

43.8
16.2
39.0
18.1



1234yf
mass %

39.6
0.0
32.7
43.5



R134a
mass %

0.0
67.2
11.7
21.8













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
970














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.20
111.99
105.58
108.13



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
100
78
96
86



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
102
121
105
107



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-20
3-8
3-9
3-10















Item
Unit
Example
I′
L
M = T = V
O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
16.6
16.6
16.6
16.6



R125
mass %

0.0
27.0
31.3
36.8



1234yf
mass %

3.5
38.9
21.7
33.9



R134a
mass %

79.9
17.5
30.4
12.7













GWP
Year
3922
1151
1196
1500
1444














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.84
107.10
107.73
105.86



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
72
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
122
106
110
105



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


















Comparative

Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-11
3-21
3-12
3-22













Item
Unit
Example
P
S
T
Q

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
16.6
16.6
16.6
16.6



R125
mass %

37.5
21.5
31.3
8.6



1234yf
mass %

30.6
41.8
21.7
224



R134a
mass %

15.3
20.1
30.4
524













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1056
1500
1066














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
106.00
107.75
107.75
111.06



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
87
90
79



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
106
106
110
115



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable
















Comparative






Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-23
Example
Example














Item
Unit
Example
R
3-13
3-24



















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
16.6
16.6
16.6




R125
mass %

24.6
38.5
20.0




1234yf
mass %

12.1
32.4
50.9




R134a
mass %

46.7
12.5
12.5














GWP
Year
3922
1500
1496
909















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
109.61
105.69
107.34




performance
R404A %)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
85
96
87




capacity
R404A %)




Outlet
° C.
93
115
105
104




temperature














ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Flammable





flammable
flammable
flammable























TABLE 6-4










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-25
3-26
3-14
3-15













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %

43.4
16.7
38.9
19.4



1234yf
mass %

38.5
0.0
31.9
42.1



R134a
mass %

0.0
65.2
11.1
20.4













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1003














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.41
111.91
105.70
108.06



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
102
81
99
89



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
103
122
106
108



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-27
3-16
3-17
3-18













Item
Unit
Example
I′
L = S = V
M
O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %

0.0
22.1
28.5
31.9



1234yf
mass %

0.0
40.7
17.0
35.6



R134a
mass %

81.9
19.1
36.4
14.4













GWP
Year
3922
1187
1072
1500
1321














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
114.13
107.75
108.59
106.59



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
73
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
125
108
114
107



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable





















Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-19
3-20
3-28
3-29
Example
Example















Item
Unit
Example
P
T
Q
R
3-21
3-30



















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1



R125
mass %

34.5
31.5
11.6
26.9
35.0
40.0



1234yf
mass %

25.6
21.4
25.1
14.7
31.9
26.9



R134a
mass %

21.8
29.0
45.2
40.3
15.0
15.0















GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1078
1500
1427
1586
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
106.92
107.75
110.43
109.04
106.36
105.89



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
92
83
89
96
98



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
110
112
115
115
107
108



temperature















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-5










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-31
3-32
3-22
3-23













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6



R125
mass %

43.3
16.9
38.9
19.9



1234yf
mass %

38.1
0.0
31.6
41.7



R134a
mass %

0.0
64.5
10.9
19.9













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1016














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.47
111.87
105.73
108.03



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
103
81
100
90



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
104
122
107
109



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-33
3-24
3-25
3-26













Item
Unit
Example
I′
L
M = R = V
O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6



R125
mass %

0.5
20.3
27.7
30.3



1234yf
mass %

0.0
41.5
15.6
36.2



R134a
mass %

80.9
19.6
38.1
14.9













GWP
Year
3922
1193
1025
1500
1280














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
114.05
107.98
108.84
106.82



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
74
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
125
109
115
108



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-27
3-28
3-23
3-34
Example
Example















Item
Unit
Example
P
S
T
Q
3-30
3-35



















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6



R125
mass %

33.6
22.3
31.6
12.6
32.5
20.0



1234yf
mass %

24.1
40.4
21.2
26.0
33.9
11.4



R134a
mass %

23.7
18.7
28.6
42.8
15.0
50.0















GWP
Year
3922
1500
1076
1500
1082
1352
1410
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.20
107.75
107.75
110.22
106.63
110.37



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
91
93
84
96
85



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
111
108
112
115
108
118



temperature















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-6










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-36
3-37
3-31
3-32













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = L

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7



R125
mass %

43.3
16.9
38.9
20.0



1234yf
mass %

38.0
0.0
31.6
41.6



R134a
mass %

0.0
64.4
10.9
19.7













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1017














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.48
111.87
105.75
108.02



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
104
81
100
90



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
104
123
107
109



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-38
3-39
3-33
3-34













Item
Unit
Example
I′
M
O
P

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7



R125
mass %

0.6
27.5
30.0
33.4



1234yf
mass %

0.0
15.3
36.3
23.7



R134a
mass %

80.7
38.5
15.0
24.2













GWP
Year
3922
1195
1500
1273
1500














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
114.04
108.90
106.86
107.26



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
74
90
95
85



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
125
115.2
108
111



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable





















Comparative







Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-35
3-36
3-40
3-37
Example
Example















Item
Unit
Example
S
T
Q
R
3-38
3-41



















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7



R125
mass %

22.3
31.6
12.8
27.8
32.5
10.0



1234yf
mass %

40.4
21.2
26.2
15.7
33.8
41.3



R134a
mass %

18.6
28.5
42.3
37.8
15.0
30.0















GWP
Year
3922
1076
1500
1083
1500
1352
834
















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
107.75
110.17
108.82
106.64
109.45



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
91
94
84
30
96
85



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
109
112
115
115
108
111



temperature















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-7










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-42
3-43
3-39
3-40













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6



R125
mass %

43.1
17.2
38.8
20.8



1234yf
mass %

37.3
0.0
31.1
40.8



R134a
mass %

0.0
63.2
10.5
18.8













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1037














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.59
111.82
105.81
107.96



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
105
83
101
92



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
105
123
108
110



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative

Comparative





Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-44
3-41
3-45
3-42













Item
Unit
Example
I′
L
M
O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
19.6
19.6
19.6
13.6



R125
mass %

1.4
18.6
26.0
27.2



1234yf
mass %

0.0
36.2
12.6
37.3



R134a
mass %

79.0
25.6
41.8
15.9













GWP
Year
3922
1204
1055
1500
1202














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.91
108.61
109.36
107.24



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
75
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
126
111
117
109



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable




















Example

Comparative








3-43
Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
P =
3-44
3-46
3-45
3-46
Example
Example
















Item
Unit
Example
T = W
S
Q
R
Y
3-47
3-47




















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6



R125
mass %

31.8
22.7
14.5
29.1
23.3
30.040.0



1234yf
mass %

21.0
39.8
27.6
17.1
21.3
30.4
20.4



R134a
mass %

27.6
17.9
38.3
34.2
35.8
20.0
20.0
















GWP
Year
3922
1500
1085
1091
1500
1337
1344
1661

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
107.75
109.83
108.50
109.04
107.31
106.44



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
93
87
93
90
96
100



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
113
109
115
115
115
110
111



temperature
















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-8










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-48
3-49
3-48
3-49













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4



R125
mass %

42.9
17.4
38.8
21.5



1234yf
mass %

36.7
0.0
30.7
40.0



R134a
mass %

0.0
62.2
10.1
18.1













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1055














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.69
111.78
105.86
107.93



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
106
84
103
93



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
106
124
109
110



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative

Comparative





Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-50
3-50
3-51
3-51













Item
Unit
Example
I′
L
M
O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4



R125
mass %

2.2
17.5
24.7
24.6



1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.8
10.4
38.4



R134a
mass %

77.4
30.3
44.5
16.6













GWP
Year
3922
1214
1087
1500
1134














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.79
109.09
109.75
107.57



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
77
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
127
114
119
110



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable




















Example


Comparative







3-52
Example
Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
P =
3-53
3-54
3-52
3-55
Example
Example
















Item
Unit
Example
R = Z
S
T
Q
W
3-56
3-53




















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4



R125
mass %

30.3
23.1
31.9
16.1
26.3
30.0
20.0



1234yf
mass %

18.4
39.1
20.8
28.8
32.6
21.6
9.6



R134a
mass %

30.9
17.4
26.9
34.7
20.7
28.0
50.0
















GWP
Year
3922
1500
1097
1500
1100
1241
1453
1422

















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
108.21
107.75
107.75
109.51
107.73
108.00
110.52



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
94
96
89
95
95
87



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
115
110
114
115
111
114
120



temperature
















ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-9










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-54
3-55
3-57
3-58













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8



R125
mass %

42.9
17.6
38.8
21.9



1234yf
mass %

36.3
0.0
30.5
39.7



R134a
mass %

0.0
61.6
9.9
17.6













GWP
Year
3922
1501
1500
1500
1064














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.73
111.75
105.88
107.89



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
107
85
103
94



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
106
125
109
111



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example




Example
3-59
Example
3-60



Comparative
3-56
L =
3-57
O =













Item
Unit
Example
I′
Q = Y
M
S = W

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8



R125
mass %

2.7
17.0
24.1
23.2



1234yf
mass %

0.0
29.7
9.4
39.0



R134a
mass %

76.5
32.5
45.7
17.0













GWP
Year
3922
1221
1103
1499
1098














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.71
109.32
109.93
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
77
90
90
95



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
127
115
120
111



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


















Comparative








Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-58
351
3-62
Example
Example














Item
Unit
Example
P
T
R
353
3-59


















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8



R125
mass %

29.7
32.0
30.8
29.0
29.0



1234yf
mass %

17.2
20.7
19.0
23.2
10.2



R134a
mass %

32.3
26.5
29.4
27.0
40.0














GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1411
1580















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
108.40
107.75
108.08
108.03
110.04



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
95
97
96
96
98



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
116
114
115
114
118



temperature














ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-10










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-60
3-61
3-64
3-65













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = O

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2



R125
mass %

42.8
17.7
38.8
22.2



1234yf
mass %

36.0
0.0
30.4
39.3



R134a
mass %

0.0
61.1
9.6
17.3













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1073














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.78
111.73
105.89
107.88



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
108
85
104
85



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
106
125
109
111



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-62
3-63
3-66
3-67













Item
Unit
Example
I′
P
S
T

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2



R125
mass %

3.1
29.1
23.4
32.0



1234yf
mass %

0.0
16.2
38.7
20.5



R134a
mass %

75.7
33.5
16.7
26.3













GWP
Year
3922
1226
1500
1103
1500














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.65
108.58
107.75
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
78
95
97
98



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
128
117
111
114



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

















Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-68
3-69
Example
Example













Item
Unit
Example
Q
R
3-70
3-64

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2



R125
mass %

17.7
31.4
28.0
28.0



1234yf
mass %

30.2
19.6
25.8
10.8



R134a
mass %

30.9
27.8
25.0
40.0













GWP
Year
3922
1107
1500
1356
1551














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
109.18
107.94
107.98
109.22



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
91
97
96
93



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
115
115
114
119



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-11










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
365
3-66
3-71
3-72













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8



R125
mass %

42.7
17.9
38.8
22.7



1234yf
mass %

35.5
0.0
30.1
38.7



R134a
mass %

0.0
60.3
9.3
16.8













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1086














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
105.85
111.69
105.93
107.85



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
109
86
105
96



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
107
125
110
112



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative

Comparative





Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-67
3-73
3-68
3-74













Item
Unit
Example
I′
O
P
S

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8



R125
mass %

3.7
21.3
28.1
23.5



1234yf
mass %

0.0
35.9
14.7
38.3



R134a
mass %

74.5
21.0
35.4
16.4













GWP
Year
3922
1233
1096
1500
1106














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.56
108.25
108.86
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
79
95
95
97



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
128
113
118
111



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


















Example








3-75
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
T =
3-76
3-77
Example
Example














Item
Unit
Example
R = α
Q
Z
3-78
3-69


















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.8



R125
mass %

32.1
18.7
24.4
25.0
15.0



1234yf
mass %

20.4
30.6
26.3
28.2
38.2



R134a
mass %

25.7
28.9
27.5
25.0
25.0














GWP
Year
3922
1500
1116
1279
1265
948















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
109.01
108.50
108.26
108.99



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
99
93
95
96
92



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
115
115
115
114
114



temperature














ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Flammable




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-12










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-70
3-71
3-79
3-80













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6



R125
mass %

42.5
18.2
38.8
23.3



1234yf
mass %

34.9
0.0
29.7
38.0



R134a
mass %

0.0
59.2
8.9
16.1













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1101














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
104.94
111.63
105.97
107.81



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
110
87
106
98



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
108
126
111
112



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Example
Comparative





Example
3-81
Example
Example



Comparative
3-72
O =
3-73
3-82













Item
Unit
Example
I′
Q = Z
P
S

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6



R125
mass %

4.6
20.2
26.9
23.7



1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.7
12.5
37.8



R134a
mass %

72.8
25.5
38.0
15.9













GWP
Year
3922
1245
1125
1500
1111














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.42
108.72
109.23
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
81
95
95
98



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
129
115
120
112



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-74
3-83
Example
Example













Item
Unit
Example
T
R
3-84
3-75

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6



R125
mass %

32.2
33.2
25.0
20.0



1234yf
mass %

20.2
21.5
31.4
17.4



R134a
mass %

25.0
22.7
21.0
40.0













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1219
1307














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
107.51
108.03
109.84



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
100
101
98
92



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
116
115
114
120



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-13










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-76
3-77
3-85
3-86













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = S

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2



R125
mass %

42.4
18.4
38.8
23.8



1234yf
mass %

34.4
0.0
29.4
37.4



R134a
mass %

0.0
58.4
8.6
15.6













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1115














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
105.01
111.59
106.00
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
111
88
108
99



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
108
127
111
113



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-78
3-79
3-80
3-81













Item
Unit
Example
I′
O
P
T

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2



R125
mass %

5.2
19.5
26.0
32.4



1234yf
mass %

0.0
28.8
10.9
20.1



R134a
mass %

71.6
28.5
39.9
24.3













GWP
Year
3922
1253
1146
1500
1500














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.33
109.03
109.50
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
82
95
95
101



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
129
117
121
116



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable


















Example
Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-87
3-88
3-89
Example
Example














Item
Unit
Example
Q
R
α
3-90
3-82


















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.2



R125
mass %

21.3
33.9
29.6
25.0
40.0



1234yf
mass %

32.4
22.2
25.6
31.8
16.8



R134a
mass %

23.1
20.7
21.6
20.0
20.0














GWP
Year
3922
1133
1500
1376
1210
1685















Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
108.51
107.35
107.76
108.00
106.79



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
97
103
101
99
105



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
115
115
115
114
115



temperature














ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-14










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-83
3-84
3-91
3-92













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4



R125
mass %

41.9
19.1
38.7
25.4



1234yf
mass %

32.7
0.0
28.1
35.3



R134a
mass %

0.0
55.5
7.7
13.9













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1158














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
105.25
111.45
106.13
107.70



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
115
91
111
104



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
111
129
113
115



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example




Example
Example
Example
3-93



Comparative
3-85
3-86
3-87
S =













Item
Unit
Example
I′
O
P
Q = α

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4



R125
mass %

7.3
17.1
22.9
25.3



1234yf
mass %

0.0
19.1
5.4
34.9



R134a
mass %

67.3
38.4
46.3
14.4













GWP
Year
3922
1278
1213
1500
1162














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
113.00
110.08
110.41
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
85
95
95
103



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
131
122
126
115



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-88
3-94
Example
Example













Item
Unit
Example
T
R
3-95
3-89

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4



R125
mass %

32.7
36.5
30.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

19.5
25.0
32.1
24.6



R134a
mass %

22.4
13.1
12.5
20.0













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1286
1383














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
106.73
107.23
107.78



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
105
109
106
104



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
118
115
115
117



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-15










Comparative
Comparative






Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-90
3-91
3-96
3-97













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′
H′ = Q

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6



R125
mass %

41.8
19.2
38.8
25.6



1234yf
mass %

32.6
0.0
28.0
35.1



R134a
mass %

0.0
55.2
7.6
13.7













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1163














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
105.30
111.43
106.13
107.68



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
114
92
112
104



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
111
129
113
115



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-92
3-93
3-94
3-95













Item
Unit
Example
I′
O
P
S

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6



R125
mass %

7.5
16.9
22.6
25.4



1234yf
mass %

0.0
18.2
4.9
34.7



R134a
mass %

66.9
39.3
46.9
14.3













GWP
Year
3922
1281
1220
1500
1165














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
112.97
110.17
110.50
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
86
95
95
104



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
131
123
126
115.2



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative







Example
Example

Comparative



Comparative
3-96
3-98
Example
Example













Item
Unit
Example
T
R
3-99
3-97

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6



R125
mass %

32.7
36.7
30.0
30.0



1234yf
mass %

19.5
25.2
32.4
24.4



R134a
mass %

22.2
12.5
12.0
20.0













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1281
1385














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75
106.68
107.21
107.79



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
105
109
106
105



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
118
115
115
117



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable






















TABLE 6-16










Comparative
Comparative

Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-98
3-99
3-100
3-100













Item
Unit
Example
A
D
G′ = Q = R
H′

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3



R125
mass %

41.4
19.8
38.5
26.8



1234yf
mass %

31.3
0.0
27.2
33.6



R134a
mass %

0.0
52.9
6.8
12.3













GWP
Year
3922
1500
1500
1500
1195














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
103.00
111.31
106.23
107.61



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
101
94
114
107



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
113
130
115
116



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Flammable
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable

flammable
flammable
flammable

















Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Example
Example
Example
Example



Comparative
3-101
3-102
3-103
3-104













Item
Unit
Example
I′
O
P
S

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3



R125
mass %

9.3
15.4
20.4
26.3



1234yf
mass %

0.0
11.7
0.9
32.6



R134a
mass %

63.4
45.6
51.4
13.8













GWP
Year
3922
1304
1266
1500
1198














Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
112.69
110.87
111.14
107.75



performance
R404A %)



Refrigerating
(relative to
100
89
95
95
107



capacity
R404A %)



Outlet
° C.
93
132
127
130
117



temperature













ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-




flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable
flammable














Comparative




Example



Comparative
3-105













Item

Unit
Example
T

















Composition
R32
mass %
R404A
27.3




R125
mass %

32.9




1234yf
mass %

19.0




R134a
mass %

20.8












GWP
Year
3922
1500













Performance
Coefficient of
(relative to
100
107.75




performance
R404A %)




Refrigerating
(relative to
100
108




capacity
R404A %)




Outlet
° C.
93
120




temperature












ASHRAE non-flammability

Non-
Non-





flammable
flammable










Examples 3-78 and Comparative Examples 3-69

The flammability of Examples 3-78 and Comparative Examples 3-69 was examined according to ASHRAE34-2013.


In order to determine WCFF, leak calculations were performed for the following seven cases using REFPROP 9.0.


Storage/Shipping Condition


Leak temperature: (1) boiling point+10° C. (because the boiling point+10° C. is higher than −40° C.), (2) 23° C., (3) 54.4° C.


Equipment Condition


Leak temperature: (4) boiling point+10° C. (because the boiling point+10° C. is higher than −40° C.), (5) 23° C., (6) 60° C.


Leak/Recharge Testing


Leak temperature: (7) 23±3° C.


Table 7 shows the results. In all cases, the vapor phase during cylinder filling at (1) boiling point+10° C. was WCFF under the storage/shipping condition.


















TABLE 7














Flammability


Example








determination from non-


Comparative

R32
R125
1234yf
R134a



flammability limit of


Example
Refrigerant
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(wt %)
(2)
(4)
(2) − (4)
binary mixed refrigerant







Example
Composition
21.8
25.0
28.2
25.0






3-78
WCFF
37.2
31.3
19.5
12.0
 9.452
−0.021
  9.473
Non-flammable



(−35.5° C. (boiling



point + 10° C.)



Storage/Shipping



Condition)


Comparative
Composition
21.8
15.0
38.2
25.0






Example
WCFF
40.4
19.7
27.2
12.7
−3.97
9.09
−13.06
Flammable


3-69
(−34.9° C. (boiling



point + 10° C.)



Storage/Shipping



Condition)









When a combustion test was conducted according to ASTM E681 (a standard test method for concentration limits of flammability) for the WCFF shown in Examples 3-78 and Comparative Examples 3-69, flame propagation was not observed in the WCFF compositions of the Examples, and flame propagation was observed in the WCFF compositions of the Comparative Examples.


The results showed that the Examples were classified as being ASHRAE non-flammable (Class 1), and the Comparative Examples were classified as being ASHRAE flammable (Class 2 or 3).


REFERENCE SIGN LIST



  • A: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the concentration (wt %) of R134a is 0 wt %

  • D: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt %

  • G: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit (when the WCFF becomes a liquid phase composition after 95% leak under the storage/shipping conditions)

  • H: Composition ratio showing an ASHRAE non-flammability limit (when the WCFF becomes a liquid phase composition after 95% leak under the storage/shipping conditions, and becomes a vapor phase composition at the time of 0% leak)

  • I: Composition ratio showing an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in which the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt % (the WCFF is a vapor phase composition at the time of 0% leak under the storage/shipping conditions)

  • G′: Composition ratio showing an intersection of a line segment in which GWP=1500 and a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R134a to line segment GH, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in order to take into consideration safety factors of non-flammability

  • H′: An intersection of a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R134a to line segment GH, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, and a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R125 to line segment HI

  • I′: Composition ratio on a line segment obtained by adding 1 wt % of non-flammable refrigerant R125 to line segment HI, which shows an ASHRAE non-flammability limit, in order to take into consideration safety factors of non-flammability, in which the concentration (wt %) of 1234yf is 0 wt %

  • B: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 102.5% of the R22 pressure

  • C: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 102.5% of the R22 pressure

  • E: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 97.5% of the R22 pressure

  • F: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 97.5% of the R22 pressure

  • B′: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 101.25% of the R22 pressure

  • C′: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 101.25% of the R22 pressure

  • E′: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet pressure is 98.75% of the R22 pressure

  • F′: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet pressure is 98.75% of the R22 pressure

  • L: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 90%

  • M: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 90%

  • O: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 95%

  • P: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A is 95%

  • Q: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which the compressor outlet temperature is 115° C.

  • R: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500 and the compressor outlet temperature is 115° C.

  • S: Composition ratio present on line segments G′H′I′, in which COP is 107.75% of that of R404A

  • T: Composition ratio in which GWP=1500, and COP is 107.75% of that of R404A

  • V: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment LM

  • W: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment OP

  • X: Intersection of line segment QR and line segment JK

  • Y: Intersection of line segment OR and line segment LM

  • Z: Intersection of line segment QR and line segment OP

  • α: Intersection of line segment ST and line segment QR

  • N: Point in which R125=0 and R134a=0 (0/0/100−x)


Claims
  • 1. (canceled)
  • 2. (canceled)
  • 3. A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:
  • 4. A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 6,
  • 5. A composition comprising a mixture or mixtures of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following mixtures 1 to 7, wherein the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbons contained in each mixture is indicated in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R125, 1234yf, and R134a is represented by (100−x) wt % when the sum of the concentrations of R32, R125, 1234yf, and R134a is 100 wt %, and the concentration of R32 is x wt %:
  • 6. A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.
  • 7. A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one halogenated organic compound represented by formula (1): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1.
  • 8. A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and at least one organic compound represented by formula (2): CmHnXp, wherein each X independently represents an atom that is not a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m+2≥n+p, and p≥1.
  • 9. A composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture comprising R32, R125, R134a, 1234yf, and water.
  • 10. The composition according to claim 3, comprising a refrigerant oil.
  • 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the refrigerant oil comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).
  • 12. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the composition is an alternative refrigerant for R404A (R125/R134a/R143a=44/4/52 wt %), which is a mixed refrigerant.
  • 13. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the composition is an alternative refrigerant for R22, which is an HCFC refrigerant.
  • 14. The composition according to claim 3, comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of tracers, compatibilizers, ultraviolet fluorescence dyes, stabilizers, and polymerization inhibitors.
  • 15. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the composition consists of the mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons.
  • 16. A refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to claim 3.
  • 17. A method for operating a refrigerating device, comprising operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to claim 3.
  • 18. A refrigerating device comprising the composition according to claim 3.
  • 19. The composition according to claim 3, which is used for at least one member selected from the group consisting of refrigerators, freezers, water coolers, ice machines, refrigerating showcases, freezing showcases, freezing and refrigerating units, refrigerating devices for freezing and refrigerating warehouses, chillers (chilling units), turbo refrigerators, and screw refrigerators.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
2016-072629 Mar 2016 JP national
PCT Information
Filing Document Filing Date Country Kind
PCT/JP2017/013860 3/31/2017 WO 00