Patent Grant
7846656
The invention refers to the field of molecular biology and bio-organic chemistry and deals with a composition for immobilization of in polymer carriers of oligonucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids or any other molecules, which structure comprises active groups, including amino- or sulfhydryl groups, as well as a method for immobilization of various molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids or any other molecules which structure comprises active groups, including amino- or sulfhydryl groups, consisting of a porous polymer being obtained on the basis of the composition claimed under conditions of addition or substitution reaction (radical, nucleophilic, or electrophilic nature, etc.) during synthesis of polymer by photo- and chemical initiated polymerization.
The composition claimed, as well as the method of immobilization of molecules in a polymer carrier using these compositions, may be used in various applications including microchips manufacturing that use is made of molecular biology on DNA sequencing and mapping, on detection of mutations and a whole range of medical applications.
It is known in the art that cyclic compounds, or compounds containing two or more multiple bonds, are used for polymer synthesis by method of radical polymerization, regardless of the method initiation thereof (photo-, thermal, radiation, or chemical initiation) [1].
[1] A. M. ,
(High-Molecular Compounds), M:
, 1981, c. 82-143.
The reaction proceeds by radical chain mechanism via initiation, chain growth, and chain termination steps. Such a nature of the radical polymerization provides favourable conditions for insertion in the polymer structure of various molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids, which structure comprises amino-, sulfhydryl or other active groups. There are at least two possible paths of insertion:
1. Molecules, which structure comprises amino-, sulfhydryl or other active groups, take part in chain transfer reaction to form aminyl, sulfanyl, or other active radicals. These radicals are capable to insert in the polymer structure both on chain growth step and on chain termination step under intermolecular recombination [2,3,4].
[2] A. Good and J. C. Thynne, J. Chem. Soc., 1967, p. 684.
[3] C. J. Micheida and D. H. Campbel, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, p. 6728.
[4] C. J. Micheida and D. H. Campbel, Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, p. 577.
2. Molecules, which structure comprises amino-, sulfhydryl, or other active groups, take part in reaction of nucleophilic addition to unsaturated compounds [5] that present on various polymerization steps, namely with initial monomers, growing unsaturated macroradicals, and unsaturated macromolecules.
[5] (General Organic Chemistry), T. (v.) 3,
(Nitrogen-Containing Compounds), H. K.
(Ed.), M:
, 1982, c. 61-62.
The essence of invention consists in that there are provided:
A composition for immobilization of molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, and nucleic acids, which structure comprises active groups including amino- and/or sulfhydryl groups in polymer carriers (polymers) under conditions of addition or substitution reaction (radical, nucleophilic, electrophilic etc.) during synthesis of polymer by photo- and chemical initiated polymerization; and
A method for immobilization of molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, and nucleic acids, which structure comprises active groups including amino- and/or sulfhydryl groups in polymer carriers (polymers) under conditions of addition or substitution reaction (radical, nucleophilic, electrophilic etc.) during synthesis of polymer by photo- and chemical initiated polymerization.
The present composition and method of immobilization of various molecules in a polymer carrier using this composition will be used in various applications including a microchip manufacturing.
For immobilization of molecules which structure comprises active groups including amino- or sulfhydryl groups in polymer carriers, there is provided a composition of the following formula:
K=Aa+Bb+Cc+Dd+Ee+Ff
Along with polymers of another application, the composition as indicated above is proposed to use for manufacturing oligonucleotide, protein, DNA (RNA), and other biological microchips.
The present composition for manufacturing biological microchips will make use of the following ingredients:
Monomers Composing the Basis of Polymer Carrier Being Formed
As monomers forming a linear polymer, there are to be used derivatives of acrylic, methacrylic, cinnamic, vinylbenzoic, crotonic or other unsaturated acids including their esters and amides, for example, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, methylmethacrylate etc.
As cross-linking agents for forming the three-dimensional gel structures, there are used compounds, which structure comprises two or more unsaturated fragments from which at least one is active in the addition or substitution reactions (radical, nucleophilic, electrophilic, etc.), for example, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N′-methylenebismethacrylamide, N,N′-1,2-dihydroxyethylenbis acrylamide, etc. or symmetric and asymmetric esters, amides, and mixed derivatives of acrylic, methacrylic, cinnamic, crotonic, vinylbenzoic, or other unsaturated acids.
Total content of monomer forming the linear polymer, (A), and cross-linking agent, (B), in the composition is in the range of 3-40% (3<T<40), and their ratio being in the range of 97:3-60:40% (3<C<40).
Polymers having a predetermined pore size are to be prepared by varying the combinations and ratios of monomers.
Oligonucleotides, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, which Structure Comprises Active Groups Including Amino- and Sulfhydryl Groups
It is necessary for immobilization of oligonucleotides, nucleic acids, proteins or other molecules in the polymer carrier during its synthesis on chemical or photochemical initiation that molecules being immobilized comprise active groups which are capable to go into addition or substitution reactions (radical, nucleophilic, electrophilic, etc.) with fragments of polymer being formed during its synthesis. In particular, amino-H sulfhydryl groups are provided as such active groups.
Oligonucleotides, which structure comprises amino- or sulfhydryl groups, are prepared under conventional conditions of phosphoramidite chemistry using commercially available phosphoramidites.
DNA fragments having amino- or sulfhydryl groups are prepared under conditions of symmetric or asymmetric polymerase chain reaction using a synthetic primer bearing terminal amino- or sulfhydryl groups [6] or by amination of DNA fragments using a procedure as described in a reference [7].
[6] Yasunaga, S., Kimura, A., Hamaguchi, K., Ronningen, K. S., and Sasazuki, T., Tissue Antigens., 1996, 47., 37-48.
[7] Proudnikov D, Timofeev E, Mirzabekov A., Anal Biochem. 1998, 15; 259(1), P. 34-41.
For immobilization, protein molecules having free amino-, sulfhydryl, and other active groups make use of native form, without additional modifications.
In the compositions, the content of molecules having active groups (C) is varied in the range of 0≦c≦10%.
Medium Used for Immobilization of Molecules Having Amino- and Sulfhydryl Groups in Polymer Carriers.
As a medium for a polymerizing immobilization of molecules, there are provided water, aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, sucrose, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or other polar water soluble and non-polar compounds as well as anhydrous solutions of dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, formamide, etc. In the compositions, water content (E) is varied in the range of 0-95% (v/v), and a high-boiling compound (D) is of 0-95% (w/v; v/v).
Various compounds may be added in solutions for polymerization, for example, glycerol to produce compositions of various viscosities that allows varying a size of microchip gel elements under a pin robot diameter fixed.
Initiators for Chemical and Photo-Initiation
To initiate the radical polymerization during synthesis of polymer carrier, there are proposed to make use of initiators and polymerization promoters soluble in water and organic media, namely: ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ferrous salts, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl ethylenediamine, triethylamine, benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, acetone, methylene blue, fluorescein, etc.
Monomers Covalently Attached to a Glass Surface
For modification of a glass surface with the purpose of covalent bonding a polymer carrier to the surface, there are provided the following reagents: 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylamide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylamide, 3-glicidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
Such a set of modifying agents makes it possible to form a reliable bonding a polymer to a glass over a broad range of medium pH (2-12) and of temperature (−10° C.-+100° C.).
Various combinations of composition ingredients allow obtaining polymer carriers which porosity may change over a broad range that makes it possible to use these carriers in many applications, particularly for biochip manufacturing.
An additional aspect of the present invention is a method for immobilization of molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, and nucleic acids, which structure comprises active groups consisting of linear or three-dimensional porous polymer that is obtained on the basis of composition of formula:
K=Aa+Bb+Cc+Dd+Ee+Ff
For purposes of the present invention, the polymer is preferably obtained by polymerization of (A+B) mixtures using combinations of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N′-(1,2-dihydroxyethylenebisacrylamide, polyethyleneglycol diacrylamide, or other unsaturated compounds.
It is preferred where molecules including oligonucleotides, proteins, and nucleic acids, which structure comprises active groups including amino- and/or sulfhydryl groups, react with fragments of a polymer carrier (polymer) being formed during its synthesis under conditions of addition or substitution reactions (radical, nucleophilic, electrophilic, etc.) on photo- or chemical initiated polymerization.
Moreover, oligonucleotides, which comprise active groups including amino- and/or sulfhydryl groups, aminated DNA, DNA with sulfhydryl group inserted as well as proteins, are not subjected to a modification before the immobilization process.
A method is further specified in that the immobilization of proteins is performed in polymer carrier either by sulfhydryl groups, or by amino-groups, or by third functionality of aminoacids.
A method is further specified in that the immobilization of oligonucleotides is performed in polymer carrier either by 5′-terminal of oligonucleotide or by 3′-terminal of oligonucleotide.
The method of present invention is further specified in that a polymer layer formed is covalently bonded to a substrate or the covalent bonding to said substrate is absent.
In this case, the polymer layer formed on a substrate is a three-dimensional gel.
The polymer layer formed on a substrate is further a compact continuous layer.
Additionally, the polymer layer as formed on substrate is divided by empty spaces into some cell and each cell will comprise (or not comprise) macromolecules immobilized, and macromolecules being immobilized in various cells will have different nature and properties.
The cell as mentioned above forms the regular one- or two-dimensional structure (phase).
The application of the polymerization mixture on substrate is preferably carried out by using an automatic device (robot) which is equipped with one or more microdispensers, and said microdispensers will be a pin type microdispensers or contactless microdispensers of jet type. Moreover, the method will make use of several microdispensers forming a regular structure.
According to the present invention, the method envisages that before polymerization, one or more substrates including some droplets of composition are hold at a sealed container which comprises the same composition mixture in amounts more than two times exceeding the total amount of the polymerization mixture as supported on substrate.
Moreover, one or more substrates including supported droplets of composition, before and during polymerization, are placed into the sealed container under oxygen free inert atmosphere with controlled humidity.
According to the present method, said container is filled with one of the following gases: N2, Ar, CO2,
The invention is illustrated by using drawings wherein:
Oligonucleotide immobilized (C=130 pmol/μl):
Hybridized oligonucleotide labeled with fluorescent agent:
A{methacrylamide:N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide-T5%, C5%};
B{acrylamide:N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide-T5%, C5%}.
Gels for DNA immobilization: methacrylamide:N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide-T5%, C5%; DNA immobilized (C=1×10−3 g/mL): separated from a calf's thymus and subjected to an amination procedure by a protocol as disclosed in reference [4];
Hybridized oligonucleotide labeled with fluorescent agent:
5′-CTCAGTTC-TexRed (1 μM, IM NaCl). A and B are gels which do not comprise or comprise DNA immobilized, correspondingly.
The invention will be further explained by using examples to illustrate the preferred embodiments of invention. These examples should not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of invention. Persons skilled in the art will make numerous improvements which are also entered in the scope of claims of the present invention as set forth in the claims.
An aqueous solution of oligonucleotide (2.3 μL, C=1 nmol/μL) and glycerol (6.45 μL) are added to a solution of methacrylamide and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in 3M aqueous solution of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine (1.25 μL, 40% (m/v), 19:1). The mixture is thoroughly stirred. The solution is applied by using robot “GMS 417 Arraer” on a glass treated with Bind-Silane. A block of droplets obtained is exposed to ultra-violet rays (λ=312 nm, 30 min, T=55° C.) under dry argon atmosphere, washed with water (4 h, T=60° C.), and dried in a dust-free air (T=25° C.). This example makes use of composition of the following formula: A—methacrylamide, B—N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, C—oligonucleotide, D—glycerol, E—water, F—N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene+diamine, a+b=5.00%, c=0.0006%; d=65.00%; e=20.00%, f=10.00%.
Oligonucleotide microchip obtained is used to perform a hybridization, PCR, etc.
The procedure used is as set forth in example 1.
For immobilization, DNA is used as separated from a calf's thymus and aminated by a protocol as disclosed in reference [4]. DNA concentration in the polymerization mixture is of C=1 mg/mL. This example makes use of composition of the following formula: A—methacrylamide, B—N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, C—DNA, D—glycerol, E—water, F—N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine, a+b=5.00%, c=0.00023%; d=65.00%; e=20.00%, f=10.00%.
The procedure used is as set forth in example 1.
A solution of native form protein in a borate buffer (pH 8.3) is added to a solution of polymerization mixture. The protein concentration in the polymerization mixture is of C=630 μg/mL. The mixture is thoroughly stirred. The solution is applied by using robot “GMS 417 Arraer” on a glass treated with Bind-Silane. A block of droplets obtained is exposed to ultra-violet rays (λ=312 nm, 40 min, T=27° C.) under dry argon atmosphere. The protein microchips are further washed with a phosphate brine buffer (0.01 M, pH 7.0) containing 0.1% Tween 20 then hold for 1 h in the phosphate brine buffer (0.01M, pH 7.0) containing both 1% BSA and 5% of sucrose, and used for performing analyses of various types.
This example makes use of composition of the following formula: A—methacrylamide, B—N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, C—DNA, D—glycerol, E—water, F—N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine, a+b=5.00%, c=0.0001%; d=65.00%; e=20.00%, f=10.00%.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU01/00420 | 10/16/2001 | WO | 00 | 10/28/2003 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO03/033539 | 4/24/2003 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5412087 | McGall et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5476653 | Pitt et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5574142 | Meyer, Jr. et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5660702 | Starr | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5837860 | Anderson et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5932711 | Boles et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5981734 | Mirzabekov et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6682893 | Taylor et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2157385 | Oct 2000 | RU |
| 9912774404 | Sep 2001 | RU |
| 0114425 | Mar 2001 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040053298 A1 | Mar 2004 | US |
