Patent Application
20190262300
The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating psoriasis containing a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating psoriasis containing a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound which not only can effectively prevent and treat psoriasis, but also is safe without any side effects when used.
Over the past few years, many articles have revealed the role of Th17 cells (T helper 17 cells) and their specific effector cytokine known as IL-17(Interleukin 17) in various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and multiple sclerosis, etc. It has been known that IL-17 is associated with skin inflammation in psoriasis.
Among them, psoriasis is a common skin inflammatory disease, estimated to account for about 2% of the world's population. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an increase in hyperproliferative keratinocytes and scales on the skin, and is an immune-mediated autoimmune skin disease induced by chronic activation of inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin and dysregulation of epidermal keratinocytes. Psoriasis typically appears on the areas that often receive irritation, such as elbows, knees, hips, scalp, etc., which are characterized by erythematous skin lesions covered with a silvery-white scale with a clear border, and is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with various clinical features ranging from small papules to plaque psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, exfoliative psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis. Histologically, it is characterized by epidermal thickening, scaling, and hyperproliferative parakeratosis in skin biopsy.
The pathogenesis of psoriasis will be briefly described as follows: First, immune cells are activated by pathogens, and activated immune cells express STAT3, IL-23, etc., and keratinocytes are activated by these factors. Activated keratinocytes express chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2, which induce activation and recruitment of neutrophils, ultimately leading to psoriasis. IL-23 mainly activates Th17 cells and also plays an important role in inducing differentiation and maintaining Th17 cells. Further, STAT3 also activates Th17 cells.
STAT is a transcription factor related to autoimmune diseases, which plays an important role in cell-mediated immune responses induced by cytokines, and is crucial to the cytokine receptor signaling system. STAT3 is induced by stimulation of IL-6 and IL-10 (Frucht D M, et al., J Immunol 2000: 4659-64). It has been known that STAT3 is involved in cell growth and proliferation, and when activated, it translocates to the cell nucleus to induce expression of proteins involved in growth and proliferation of various cells. Further, it activates Th17 cells known as a new lineage of CD4+T cells. STAT3 acts directly on the differentiation and signaling of Th17 cells, thereby modulating RORrt, which is a specific transcription factor for Th17 cells (Onai N, et al., Immunity 2008: 490-492).
TGFβ has been known to function in suppressing proliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis. Recently, it has been reported that overexpression of TGFβ1 is associated with psoriasis-like skin inflammation, and also, it is estimated that TGFβ1 is involved in the angiogenesis, chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, and differentiation of Th17 cell, and thereby plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Th17 cells, typical proinflammatory cells, secrete IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22. Th17 cells infiltrated into peripheral tissues act on macrophages, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, osteoclasts, etc., and thereby cause tissue damage by secreting various inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF, IL-8, IL-6, etc.) and chemokines. In particular, keratinocytes are activated through secretion of IL-17 and IL-22, and activated keratinocytes produce many inflammatory cytokine/chemokine precursors. Th17 cells have been found to be the main pathological cells mediating inflammatory diseases, and it has been reported that Th17 cells and Th-17-mediated cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 trigger psoriasis. Th17 cells can rapidly initiate inflammatory responses dominated by neutrophils (Miossec, et al. 2009, NEJM; 361:888-98).
IL-17 is secreted from Th17 cells and consists of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E(IL-25) and IL-17F, and these proteins all have similar protein structures. IL-17 is a type of inflammatory cytokine and activates NF-KB and MAP kinases of immune cells and promotes secretion of IL-6, PTGS2/COX-2 and nitric oxide (Rouvier, et al., J. Immunol., vol. 150, no. 12, 1993, pages 5445-56). Similar to IFN-γ, IL-17 is a cytokine that acts as a potent mediator in a delayed-type response by increasing chemokine production in various tissues so as to recruit monocytes and neutrophils into inflammatory sites. The IL-17 family functions as an inflammation-inducing cytokine that responds to the invasion of the immune system by extracellular pathogens and induces destruction of cellular matrix of pathogens (Miossec P, et al. 2009, N. Engl. J. Med. 361:888-98). The chemotaxis by chemokines whose production is increased by IL-17 induces neutrophil recruitment and ultimately induces excessive inflammatory skin diseases.
Common treatments for psoriasis include topical medication, phototherapy and internal medication. In topical treatments, steroids, coal tar, anthralin, vitamin D3 and analogs thereof, retinoids, sunlight, etc., are used. These topical treatments have side effects of skin thinning, chapped skin, burns, irritation, and photosensitivity. In addition, steroids may induce tolerance and thus affect subsequent steroid therapies. Phototherapy involves the administration of psoralen in combination with ultraviolet B or A, but has disadvantages in that skin aging may be promoted and the incidence of skin cancer may be increased. In addition, the internal medication applied to the most severe psoriasis involves the administration of immunomodulators, such as cyclosporine. However, nephrotoxicity or hypertension may occur upon long-term use of cyclosporine, and thus, careful observation is needed. The existing treatments for psoriasis have several side effects.
Therefore, although psoriasis typically progresses to moderate to severe levels, there have not yet been developed a specific treatment method which can be efficiently used in the prevention and treatment of psoriasis, which is effective and does not cause side effects.
Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide a composition for preventing or treating psoriasis containing a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound which can effectively prevent or treat psoriasis without side effects.
In order to achieve the object above, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating psoriasis containing a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 as an active ingredient:
in Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a fatty acid group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a health functional food composition which includes the aforementioned composition and is capable of preventing or improving psoriasis.
Still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing or treating psoriasis including administering the aforementioned composition to a subject suspected of psoriasis.
The composition according to the present invention is not only effective in preventing and treating psoriasis, but also can be safely used without side effects.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating psoriasis contains a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 as an active ingredient:
in Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a fatty acid group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a fatty acid group having 15 to 20 carbon atoms.
As used herein, the term “monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound” refers to a glycerol derivative having one acetyl group and two acyl groups, and is also simply referred to as monoacetyl diacylglycerol (MADG). In Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a fatty acid group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms (in fatty acids, it refers to the remaining part from which the hydroxy group is excluded), and may be preferably palmitoyl, oleoyl, linoleoyl, linolenoyl, stearoyl, myristoyl and arachidonoyl, but is not limited thereto. More preferably, the combination of R1 and R2 may include oleoyl/palmitoyl, palmitoyl/oleoyl, palmitoyl/linoleoyl, palmitoyl/linolenoyl, palmitoyl/arachidonoyl, palmitoyl/stearoyl, palmitoyl/palmitoyl, oleoyl/stearoyl, linoleoyl/palmitoyl, linoleoyl/stearoyl, stearoyl/linoleoyl, stearoyl/oleoyl, myristoyl/linoleoyl, or myristoyl/oleoyl, and most preferably, the combination of R1 and R2 may be palmitoyl/linoleoyl. Further, in terms of optical activity, the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound may be (R)-form, (S)-form or a racemic mixture, and may be preferably a racemic mixture. Also, all stereoisomers of the above-mentioned compound are within the scope of the present invention.
For example, the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2:
The compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 is 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol, which corresponds to the compound where R1 and R2 of Chemical Formula 1 are palmitoyl and linoleoyl, respectively. It is also named as “PLAG” or “EC-18” as needed.
The monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound of the present invention may be extracted/separated from deer antlers or may be produced by known organic synthesis methods. For example, a deer antler is extracted with hexane, and extracting the extraction residue with chloroform, followed by subjecting the thus-obtained extraction liquid to distillation under reduced pressure to obtain chloroform extracts. The hexane and chloroform as the solvents used for the extraction are used in an amount sufficient to immerse the deer antler. In general, about 4 to 5 liters of each of hexane and chloroform is used for 1 kg of deer antler, but the type of extraction solvents and amount thereof are not limited thereto. The chloroform extracts of the deer antler obtained by this method is further fractionated and purified by silica gel column chromatography or TLC to obtain the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound used in the present invention. As an eluent used in the chromatography purification step, chloroform/methanol, hexane/ethyl acetate, and hexane/ethyl acetate/acetic acid may be used, but is not limited thereto.
One example of the method for chemically synthesizing the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound is disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0789323. According to the method of this patent, the desired monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound can be synthesized by the steps of: (a) preparing 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol by adding a protecting group at the position 3 of 1-R1-glycerol; (b) preparing 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol by introducing R2 at the position 2 of 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol; and (c) performing a deprotection reaction and acetylation reaction of 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol at the same time. Alternatively, acetolysis of phosphatidylcholine may be used, but is not limited thereto.
The monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound exhibits excellent activities in improving, preventing or treating psoriasis. It was confirmed that the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound can reduce the secretion of cytokines selected from the group consisting of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22, and thus can be effectively used in the prevention or treatment of psoriasis.
The content of the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably contained in an amount of 0.0001 to 100.0% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. If desired, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further include other active ingredients having a therapeutic effect of psoriasis. The pharmaceutical composition may have a formulation such as tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solvents, suspensions, freeze-dried preparations, suppositories, etc., and may be formulated for oral or parenteral administration. The composition of the present invention may be formulated with commonly used diluents or excipients, such as fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, surfactants, etc. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further include carriers, excipients, diluents, etc., which are conventionally used in the production of pharmaceutical compositions. Solid formulations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, etc., and these solid formulations are prepared by mixing one or more active compounds with at least one excipient, for example, starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose, lactose, gelatin, etc. In addition to simple excipients, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc, etc. may also be used. Liquid formulations for oral administration include suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc., and may contain various excipients, for example, wetting agents, flavoring agents, aromatics and preservatives, in addition to water and liquid paraffin, which are frequently used-simple diluents. Formulations for parenteral administration include sterilized aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, freeze-dried preparations, suppositories, etc. As non-aqueous solvents or suspending agents, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, injectable esters such as ethyl oleate, etc. can be used. As the base of the suppositories, witepsol, Macrogol, Tween 61, cacao butter, laurin fat, glycerogelatin, etc. can be used.
The compound of the present invention may be administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically effective amount” refers to an amount sufficient to treat diseases, at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment. The effective dosage level of the composition may be determined depending on the subject's type, age, sex, weight, the type of a disease, the severity of a disease, the activity of a drug, the sensitivity to a drug, the form of a drug, the route of administration, the duration of administration, the excretion rate, drugs used in combination with the composition, and other factors known in the medical field. The composition of the present invention may be administered as an individual therapeutic agent or in combination with other therapeutic agents, and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with other therapeutic agents. Also, the composition may be administered in a single or multiple dosage form. It is important to administer the composition in the minimum amount that can exhibit the maximum effect without causing side effects, in consideration of all the above-described factors, and this amount can be easily determined by a person skilled in the art. The preferred dose of the composition of the present invention may be determined by one who performs treatments within the scope of appropriate medical decisions, and may be typically administered at a dose of 0.01 to 4000 mg/kg, preferably 0.05 to 2000 mg/kg, and more preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg once or in a few divided doses in a day. For example, the composition may be administered once or several times at a dose of 1 mg to 4 g, preferably 30 mg to 2 g per day for an adult with a body weight of 60 kg. Since the composition of the present invention has no toxicity and side effects, it can be administered for a long period of time for the purpose of prevention or treatment. The composition may be applied to any subject as long as the purpose is to prevent or treat psoriasis, without particular limitations. Examples of the subject include human, non-human animals such as monkeys, dogs, cats, rabbits, marmots, rats, mice, cows, sheep, pigs, and goats, etc., and mammals. The route of administration includes any method as long as it is a conventional method in the art. For example, the composition may be administered via oral route, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the present invention provides a health functional food composition which contains a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, as an active ingredient, and is capable of preventing or improving psoriasis:
in Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a fatty acid group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
That is, by incorporating the monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound of the present invention into the health functional food composition, psoriasis of the subject may be prevented or improved. The monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound and psoriasis are as described above. When the compound of the present invention is incorporated into the health functional food composition, the mixed amount of the active ingredients may be appropriately determined depending on the intended use. The compound of the present invention itself may be used as a health functional food composition. In this case, the composition and content of the composition may be the same as the composition and content of the pharmaceutical composition. At this time, the content of the compound of the present invention may be, for example, 0.0001 to 100.0% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Further, in general, when a health functional food is prepared by mixing the compound of the present invention with a food or beverage, the compound of the present invention is not particularly limited by the type of raw materials (food or beverage) of the health functional food, and specifically, the health functional food may include meats, sausages, bread, chocolates, candies, snacks, confectionery, pizza, instant noodles, other noodles, gums, daily products including ice creams, various soups, beverages, teas, drinks, alcoholic beverages, and vitamin complexes, and may also include any conventional health functional food and animal feeds.
In addition, when the health functional food composition is used in the form of a beverage, it may contain conventional sweeteners, flavoring agents, natural carbohydrates, etc., as additional ingredients. Examples of the natural carbohydrates include monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, polysaccharides such as dextrin and cyclodextrin, and sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol and erythritol. The ratio of the natural carbohydrates may preferably be about 0.01 to 0.04 g, more preferably 0.02 to 0.03 g per 100 mL of the composition of the present invention. Examples of the sweeteners include natural sweeteners such as thaumatin and stevia extracts, and artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame. In addition to the above, the health functional food composition of the present invention may contain various nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, flavoring agents, colorants, pectic acid and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, organic acids, protective colloidal thickening agents, pH controlling agents, stabilizing agents, preservatives, glycerin, alcohol, carbonizing agents used in carbonated beverages, etc. Moreover, the health functional food composition of the present invention may contain fruits as used in preparing natural fruit juices, fruit juice beverages and vegetable beverages.
In addition, the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating psoriasis including:
administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject suspected of psoriasis. That is, by administering the compound of the present invention to subject suspected of psoriasis, psoriasis can be efficiently prevented or treated. As used herein, the subject suspected of psoriasis refers to a subject who has psoriasis or has the potential of having psoriasis. In the therapeutic method of the present invention, the type of monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound, the dose of monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound, and psoriasis are as described above. As used herein, the term “administration” refers to introducing the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to a subject suspected of psoriasis via any appropriate method. The administration route may include various oral or parenteral routes as long as the composition can reach a desired tissue, and for example, oral administration, transdermal administration (topical application, etc.), intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intradermal administration, etc. may be used, but is not limited thereto. As used herein, the term “prevention” refers to any activity that inhibits or delays occurrence of psoriasis by administering the composition of the present invention. As used herein, the term “treatment” refers to any activity that alleviates or positively changes symptoms of psoriasis by the composition of the present invention. As used herein, the term “improvement” refers to any activity that alleviates or ameliorates symptoms of subjects suspected of or having psoriasis using the composition of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to or by the Examples.
In order to confirm the preventive and therapeutic effects of psoriasis by 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol (EC-18 or PLAG), imiquimod (hereinafter, referred to as IMQ), which is commonly used to induce skin inflammation i.e., psoriasis, such as infiltration of immune cells, epidermal hyperplasia, etc., was used as a ligand for TLR7 and TLR8 to carry out an experiment using psoriasis-induced mouse models. As an experiment model, 6 to 8-week-old female Balb/c-based mice (KOATECH, Pyeongtaek, Korea) were maintained under a specific pathogen free (SPF) environment and used. PLAG (ENZYCHEM LIFESCIENCES, Korea) was prepared before in vivo or in vitro treatment. Also, statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. IMQ-treated mice exhibited psoriasis-like inflammation such as keratinization, increase in epidermal thickness and formation of scales.
Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, psoriasis-induced group, and PLAG group. As the IMQ, Aldara cream (3M Health Care Limited, UK) containing 5% of IMQ was used.
As shown in
In order to investigate whether PLAG prevents the progression of psoriasis, psoriasis was induced using IMQ cream (Aldara cream) as in Example 1. As shown in
As shown in
The size and weight of the spleen tend to increase when inflammation is induced using a positive control substance (i.e., IMQ) that induces psoriasis, and also, the size and weight of the spleen are generally used as indicators of toxicity or the degree of an inflammatory response in a drug experiment. Thus, an increase in size and weight of the spleen in the mice may indicate an increase in inflammation in the mice. Accordingly, the spleen of the mice of Example 1 was removed, and the size and weight of the spleen were compared. The results are shown in
The size of the spleen removed from the mice of Example 1 was measured using a ruler, and the weight was measured using a scale. The measurement results are shown in
The thickness of the back skin of the mice of Example 1 was stained with the following H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining method, and histologically observed and evaluated under an optical microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) 5. The images were photographed at an X100 magnification and are shown in
The back skin tissue of the mice was fixed in a 10% buffered formalin solution for 24 hours, embedded in paraffin and cut into 4 μm-thick sections. After removing paraffin and rehydrating the sections, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
The degree of neutrophil recruitment in the back skin of the mice of Example 1 is shown in
Neutrophil staining by immunohistochemical staining was performed as follows: The sections prepared in Example above were incubated with primary rat anti-mouse neutrophil antibodies (NIMP-R14, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) (1:1000) overnight at 4° C. After washing with TBS (Tris buffered saline), the slides were incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat-anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) diluted at a ratio of 1:250. The tissue sections were immersed in 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC, Dako, Denmark) as a substrate and samples were counterstained with 10% Mayer's hematoxylin, dehydrated and fixed with Crystal Mount. The irrelevant goat IgG having the same isotype and antibody diluent were served as a negative control. The cells were observed under an optical microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and photographed at X40 and X200 magnifications, and the results are shown in
As shown in
The expression level of IL-17 in the back skin of the mice of Example 1 was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining. The immunohistochemical staining was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5 except that anti-mouse IL-17 antibody (eBioscience) was used as the primary antibody instead of NIMP-R14 antibody. The cells were observed under an optical microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and photographed at X100 and X200 magnifications, and the results are shown in
As shown in
The level of IL-17 and IL-6 expression in the serum of the mice of Example 1 was confirmed. All the experiment results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. Significance was verified at p<0.01 and p<0.05 or less, when statistically significant. The serum was collected from the mice in the control group, the drug-administered psoriasis-induced group, and the group in which PLAG (EC-18) was administered along with the drug-administered group, and the concentrations of IL-17 and IL-6 present in the serum were measured by ELISA assay.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2016-0134296 | Oct 2016 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2017/011449 | 10/17/2017 | WO | 00 |
