Patent Application
20200361779
The present invention relates to the production of antimicrobial compounds and to the uses thereof, including in combination with other molecules for the preparation of drugs, for the prophylaxis or the therapy of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, for the protection of plants against their pathogenic agents and pests thereof, or also for the improvement of the quality of certain products such as certain paints, for example.
More precisely, it relates to the field of antimicrobial compounds produced by oxidation of thiocyanate ion in the presence of a halogen, said oxidation being catalyzed by means of particular enzymes called oxidoreductases, and more precisely peroxidases, the preferred enzyme being the lactoperoxidase (LP).
In the context of the present application, among the chemical elements of the 17th column of the periodic table of elements (formerly referred to as group VII or VIIA), the term “halogen” denotes in particular chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I).
The halogens can give rise to the formation of ions of “X−” type, referred to as “ halide ions:” chloride ion (Cl−), bromide ion (Br) and iodide ion (I−).
In general, the term “pseudo-halogen” denotes inorganic binary compounds of “MN” form, in which:
In the context of the present application, the term “pseudo-halogen” will be understood to denote preferably the thiocyanate ions (SCN−).
In the context of the present application, the term “interhalogen” denotes compounds formed by several halogens as defined above, which may be identical or different. As an example, we can cite the triodide ion I3− (identical halogens) or also the iodine monochloride of formula ICl (different halogens).
In the context of the present application, the term “interpseudohalogen” denotes compounds formed by at least one halogen as defined above and thiocyanate (SCN−). As an example, we can cite the following species: I2SCN−, ISCN and I(SCN)2−.
In general, it is known that the halides (Cl−, Br− or I−) or the pseudohalides (SCN−) can be oxidized, for example, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (or of an H2O2 donor system).
The equations of the reactions are:
H2O2+X−(Cl−, Br− or I−)→OX−+H2O
H2O2+SCN−→OSCN−+H2O
These oxidation reactions can also be carried out in the presence of particular enzymes.
These oxidation reactions can also be carried out (with or without enzyme(s)) in the presence simultaneously of a halide ion (X−) and SCN−. These oxidation reactions can also be carried out in the presence of particular enzymes.
In biochemistry, the enzymes of the oxidoreductase class are notably classified into different groups: oxidases, reductases, peroxidases, oxygenases, hydrogenases, dehydrogenases, etc.
More particularly, the peroxidases are enzymes that are very widespread in the living world. In the organism, they decompose notably the toxic peroxide compounds.
In the laboratory, the peroxidases are very widely used, for example, notably horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used extensively in biotechnology as a detection reagent in immunoassays.
In the group of the peroxidases, one distinguishes notably the heme perodidases.
The heme peroxidases are present in plants and in mammals.
Their role in plants is multiple: auxine metabolism, extracellular defense, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, degradation of hydrogen peroxide, and oxidation of toxic reducing agents. The peroxidases of plants are induced by stress, for example, following an attack by pathogens, injuries, heat, cold, dryness or UV light.
As for the peroxidases of mammals, they play a role in the production of the thyroid hormone, in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and also as a natural defense system against pathogens.
In the peroxidase group, one finds notably the lactoperoxidase (LP), the thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the myeloperoxidase (MPO), the salivary peroxidase (SPO) and the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO).
In the presence of specific substrates, the peroxidases will catalyze an oxidation reaction and generate oxidizing species which are responsible, for example, for the antimicrobial activity. The specificity of the substrates is characteristic of the type of peroxidase.
The lactoperoxidase (LP) is present in cow's milk at concentrations of approximately 30 mg/L, concentration which varies depending on the season, on the cow feed, but especially on the lactation stage (maximum concentration 3 to 5 days after calving).
One of its biological functions consists of a bacteriostatic/bactericidal effect in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiocyanate (SCN−). The lactoperoxidase (LP) can also oxidize certain halides, for example, the iodide ion (I).
The oxidation reactions catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LP) can be summarized as follows:
H2O2+X−(Cl−, Br− or I−)+LP→OX−+H2O+LP
H2O2+SCN−+LP→OSCN−+H2O+LP
In the prior art, it is known that the species hypoiodite (OI−) and hypothiocyanite (OSCN−) have a bacteriostatic effect. These species will react, for example, with the groups NH2 or thiols (—SH) of essential enzymes for the metabolism of the pathogen.
In the prior art, certain attempts to mix I− and SCN− ions before contact with hydrogen peroxide and the lactoperoxidase (LP) have been carried out.
The product sold under the name of KiB500®, which includes lactoperoxidase (LP) and thiocyanate ions, is known. This product is active against certain bacteria and viruses. The antimicrobial activity is due to the hypothiocyanite ions (OSCN).
In the publication Bosh et al. “The lactoperoxidase system: the influence of iodide and the chemical and antimicrobial stability over the period of about 18 months” (Journal of Applied Microbiology 2000, 89, 215-224), a system comprising the lactoperoxidase (LP), thiocyanate ions (SCN−) and iodide ions (I−) is studied regarding its bactericidal and fungicidal properties and their duration. From the diagrams on page 217, it can be deduced that the iodide ions improve the efficacy of the lactoperoxidase (LP) system. From
In the publication Bafort et al. “Mode of Action of Lactoperoxidase as Related to Its Antimicrobial Activity: A Review” (Hindawi Publishing Corporation Enzyme Research, Volume 2014, Article ID 517164, 13 pages), the active chemical species derived from thiocyanate ions or iodide ions by a lactoperoxidase (LP) system are studied. At the end of the article, it is specified that, with regard to the antimicrobial activity of a lactoperoxidase-iodide-thiocyanate system, contradictory results were obtained depending on the bacterial strain.
Thus, in the approaches of the prior art, when the lactoperoxidase (LP) system operates with SCN− and I−, the latter compete for binding to the binding site of the lactoperoxidase (LP) in order to produce, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), jointly OSCN− and OI−.
The reaction scheme described in the prior art is the following:
H2O2+SCN−+I+lactoperoxidase (LP)→H2O2O+OSCN−+OI−+lactoperoxidase(LP).
Surprisingly, it has been observed that with the joint oxidation of I− and SCN− ions in the presence of H2O2 and in the presence, for a limited duration, of lactoperoxidase (LP) and at a pH from 4 to 8, the composition obtained has a greatly increased antimicrobial activity, that is to say greater than the compositions of the prior art comprising the OSCN− and OI− ions.
Under particular conditions, it has been demonstrated that species other than the OSCN− and OI− ions are formed, and even more surprisingly it has been shown that there is not even any formation of OSCN− ions.
It has been demonstrated that the species thus formed are not only highly active but moreover much more stable than the traditional compositions comprising OSCN− and OI− ions.
The solution obtained is free of OSCN− ions and includes a mixture of the following ions of the “interpseudohalogen” type: I2SCN− and I(SCN)2−.
In the prior art, these two species I2SCN− and I(SCN)2− were cited by Lewis, C. & Skoog, D. A., 1962. Spectrophotometric study of a thiocyanate complex of iodine, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 84(7), pp. 1101-1106.
Compositions obtained by chemical oxidation of a halide/thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art notably in Lewis, C. & Skoog, D. A., 1962. Spectrophotometric study of a thiocyanate complex of iodine, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 84(7), pp. 1101-1106 and in WO2016/026946. Due to the extremely slow kinetics of formation, these compositions do not make it possible to obtain compositions which include, as predominant chemical species originating from the oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture, an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions, as demonstrated by the mass spectrum appended to WO2016/026946. Thus, as demonstrated in the examples, the antimicrobial activity of the compositions obtained is not comparable to that of the compositions according to the invention.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide/thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. These compositions include an enzyme which remains permanently in the composition. As demonstrated in the examples, the concomitant presence of the enzyme and of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions for a time exceeding 60 minutes degrades I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− and causes the complete disappearance of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions after 48 h of joint presence.
The invention relates to a stable composition comprising at least one ion selected from the group consisting of I2SCN− ions and ions I(SCN)2− ions, said composition being free of hypothiocyanite ions (OSCN−).
Said composition is obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture.
In said composition, the predominant chemical species originating from the oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture is an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it includes I2SCN− and I(SCN)2− ions in combination, said composition being free of hypothiocyanite ions (OSCN−).
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it includes the I2SCN− ion.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it includes the I(SCN)2− ion.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises iodine thiocyanate ISCN.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, growth factors and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, one or more growth factor(s) and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, one or more growth factor(s) and mixtures thereof, characterized in that at least one growth factor is selected from the group consisting of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Transforming Growth Factor (TGF), angiogenin, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), or a mixture thereof.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, one or more growth factor(s) and mixtures thereof, characterized in that at least one growth factor is supplied by a nutrient source, said nutrient source being skimmed or non-skimmed whey colostrum, or skimmed or non-skimmed colostrum.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least lactoferrin.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least lysozyme.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one immunoglobulin.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one growth factor.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, as well as at least one growth factor.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oils, spreading agents, emulsifiers, lubricants, adhesives and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, lecithin, ethoxylated alcohols, plant oils, mineral oils, animal oils, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), xanthan gums, gums arabic, starch and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, lecithin, ethoxylated alcohols, plant oils, phosphatidyl plant oils, mineral oils, animal oils, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), xanthan gums, gums arabic, starch and mixtures thereof, which enables it to strengthen, for example, the stability of the adhesion in certain applications.
The invention also relates to a stable composition comprising chemical entities comprising iodine atoms, in which the entities which are present in the largest number and which include at least one iodine atom are selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN−, I(SCN)2− ions and mixtures thereof.
The invention also relates to a stable composition comprising chemical entities comprising iodine atoms, in which at least 50% of the iodine atoms of said compositions are involved in ions selected from the group consisting of the ions I2SCN−, I(SCN)2− and mixtures thereof.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composition according to the invention, comprising:
according to the invention comprising at least I2SCN− ions and/or I(SCN)2− ions;
In an embodiment, said bringing together of said substrates is simultaneous.
In an embodiment said bringing together of said substrates is sequential.
In an embodiment, the halide ions are iodide ions.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the composition according to the invention recovered at the end of step C includes I2SCN− ions and/or I(SCN)2− ions.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the reaction medium is an aqueous solution.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said halide (X−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) ions are added to said reaction medium in a powder form or in the form of a solution.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said halide (X−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) ions are added to said reaction medium in a powder form.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said halide (X−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) ions are added to said reaction medium in the form of a solution.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said halide (X−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) ions are added to said reaction medium in the form of a powder and a solution respectively, or in the form of a solution and a powder, respectively.
In an embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that said medium obtained at the end of step C is a composition according to the invention which is stable.
In a particular embodiment, the method for manufacturing an antimicrobial composition includes at least the following steps:
Steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be carried out in any order or simultaneously.
In an embodiment, the halide ions are iodide ions.
In a particular embodiment, the method for manufacturing an antimicrobial composition includes at least the following steps:
Steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be carried out in any order or simultaneously.
At the end of the method, the composition according to the invention can be subjected to a step of lyophilization at the end of which a lyophilisate is obtained, which, during a redissolution, makes it possible to reconstitute an antimicrobial composition according to the invention which includes X2SCN− ions and/or X(SCN)2− ions and which is free of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−).
At the end of the method, the composition according to the invention can be subjected to a step of lyophilization at the end of which a lyophilisate is obtained, which, during a redissolution, makes it possible to reconstitute an antimicrobial composition according to the invention which includes ions I2SCN− ions and/or I(SCN)2− ions and which is free of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−).
At the end of the method, the composition according to the invention can be subjected to a step of lyophilization at the end of which a lyophilisate is obtained, said lyophilisate enabling, during a redissolution, the reconstitution of said composition which includes I2SCN− and I(SCN)2− ions in combination and which is free of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−).
The thiocyanate ion (SCN−) can be supplied in any form, for example, in the form of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) or sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN).
The iodide ion (I−) can be supplied in any form, for example, in the form of potassium iodide (KI) or sodium iodide (NaI) or else in the form of diiodine (I2). In an embodiment, the iodide ion (I−) is supplied in the form of potassium iodide (KI).
In an embodiment, the iodide ion (I−) is supplied in the form of diiodine (I2).
The expressions “does not give rise to the formation of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−)” or “composition free of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−)” are understood to mean that no peak indicating the formation of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−) is observed in NMR and anionic chromatography during the analysis of the composition.
The antimicrobial composition obtained is stable; “stable” is understood to mean a composition which loses its properties only to a very slight extent over time. For example, it can be an antimicrobial composition which loses less than 20% of its activity in 5 months when it is stored in a closed container at 4° C. with protection from light.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is selected from the group consisting of the iodide ion (I−), the bromide ion (Br−) and the chloride ion (Cl−).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is the iodide ion (I−).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the iodide ion (I−) is in the form of potassium iodide (KI) or sodium iodide (NaI) or diiodine.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the iodide ion (I−) is in the form of potassium iodide (KI).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the iodide ion (I−) is in the form of sodium iodide (NaI).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the iodide ion (I−) is in the form of a diiodine.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 1 M.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 500 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 100 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 10 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is the iodide ion (I−) and is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 10 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 1 M.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 500 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 100 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) is present at a molar concentration from 0.1 mM to 10 mM.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the halide ion (X−) is the iodide ion (I−), the concentration of iodide ions (I−) is greater than the concentration of said thiocyanate ion (SCN−), and the pH of the solution is from 4 to 8.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio between the molar concentration of iodide ion (I−) and the molar concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) is strictly greater than 1.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio between the molar concentration of iodide ion (I−) and the molar concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) is from 1.5 to 40.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio between the molar concentration of iodide ion (I−) and the molar concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) is from 1.5 to 20.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio between the molar concentration of iodide ion (I−) and the molar concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) is from 1.5 to 20.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio between the molar concentration of iodide ion (I−) and the molar concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) is from 4 to 5.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the solution is from 4 to 8.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the solution is from 4.4 to 7.5.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said medium is buffered by a buffer selected from the group consisting of the citrate buffer, the phosphate buffer or the acetate buffer.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said thiocyanate ion (SCN—) is in the form of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) or sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said component B consists of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generating system.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said component B consists of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generating system which is a glucose oxidase (GOD)/Glucose (Glc) system.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the molar concentration of hydrogen peroxide is substantially equal to the sum of the concentrations of thiocyanate ion (SCN−) and of halide ion (X−).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the molar concentration of hydrogen peroxide is substantially equal to the sum of the concentrations of thiocyanate ion (SCN−) and of halide ion (X−) which is iodide (I−).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the time of contacting of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst in the presence of the substrates or the reaction time (step B or step 6) is from 30 to 1800 seconds;
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the time of contacting of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst in the presence of the substrates or the reaction time (step B or step 6) is from 30 to 900 seconds.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the time of contacting of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst in the presence of the substrates or the reaction time (step B or step 6) is from 30 to 200 seconds.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the time of contacting of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst in the presence of the substrates or the reaction time (step B or step 6) is from 30 to 100 seconds.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the time of contacting of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst in the presence of the substrates or the reaction time (step B or step 6) is from 50 to 100 seconds.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said removal of said peroxidase is carried out by means of a method selected from the group consisting of the use of a “teabag,” centrifugation, flocculation, contacting with a support to which the peroxidase is grafted, such as, for example, fibers, a textile, polymer resins, granules, etc.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said removal of said peroxidase is carried out by means of the use of a “teabag.”
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the peroxidase is selected from the group consisting of the lactoperoxidase (LP), the thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the myeloperoxidase (MPO), the salivary peroxidase (SPO) and the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO).
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that the peroxidase is the lactoperoxidase (LP).
The lactoperoxidase is a powder which one can mix, for example, with bentonite or immobilize in a liquid solution on beads made of cationic resin beads. These supports can be placed in a “teabag.”
For the immobilization of the LPO on cationic resin beads, certain beads fix +/−40 mg of LPO per mL of resin.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said peroxidase has a concentration from 1 mg/L to 500 mg/L.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that said peroxidase has a concentration from 50 mg/L to 250 mg/L.
In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least one step of immobilization of the composition according to the invention on an immobilizing substrate.
In the context of the present application, an “immobilizing substrate” is a material enabling the retention of said composition during handling, the latter being in liquid form or dry form (dry residue obtained after the evaporation of the composition according to the invention, or after lyophilization).
In an embodiment, the immobilizing substrate is a fibrous material.
In an embodiment, the immobilizing substrate is a fabric.
In an embodiment, the immobilizing substrate is an impregnated fabric.
During a redissolution or when applied on microorganisms, the immobilizing substrate makes it possible to reconstitute an antimicrobial composition according to the invention.
The invention also relates to an immobilizing substrate comprising a composition according to the invention.
The invention also relates to uses of the stable composition according to the invention for prophylactic and/or therapeutic purposes.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of infections.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as an antibacterial agent.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as an antiviral agent.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as an antifungal agent.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Fusarium avenaceum, Septoria tritici, Verticillium dahliae, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium ultimum, Colletotrichum musae, Pencillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Pectobacteriurn atroseptica, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Erwynia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Kocuria rhizolia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter gergoviae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescent, Pseudomonas putita, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium pinophilum, Candida albicans, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Burkholderia multivorans, Achromobacter denitrificans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus zooepidemicus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Fusarium avenaceum, Septoria tritici, Verticillium dahliae, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium ultimum, Colletotrichum musae, PendIlium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, Pectobacterium atroseptica, Erwynia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Kocuria rhizolia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter gergoviae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescent, Pseudomonas putita, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium pinophilum, and Candida albicans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying Xylella fastidiosa.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Veillonella alcalescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter species, Treponema socranskii species, Streptococcus species, Eikenella, Capnocytophaga species, and Selenomonas species.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Veillonella alcalescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying at least one microorganism selected from the group of the bacteria organized in the form of a biofilm.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying at least one microorganism selected from the group of the bacteria organized in the form of a biofilm, responsible for parodontitis, selected from the group consisting of Veillonella alcalescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying at least one microorganism such as Candida albicans, organized in the form of a biofilm or in isolated form, which is responsible for glossitis, thrush, denture stomatitis, cheilitis, angular cheilitis, mycoses of the feet and of the nails.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it has no effect on Streptococcus salivarius.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as a drug in humans and/or animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as a drug in humans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used as a drug in animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections in humans and/or animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of infections in humans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of infections in animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the prevention of infections in humans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the prevention of infections in animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of infections caused by at least one microorganism in humans and/or animals.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of infections caused by at least one microorganism in horses.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism forming a biofilm and/or in the so-called “planktonic” form.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism forming a biofilm on the surface of human cells selected from the group consisting of skin cells, oral mucosal cells, cells from the otorhinolaryngological sphere, cells from the gastroenterological sphere, and cells from the urogenital sphere.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by microorganisms selected from the group consisting of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, yeasts, molds, fungi, parasites and the like.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism which is a bacterium.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism which is a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli, Vibreo colera, Pseudomonas (Ps. pyocyanea), Staphylococcus (Staph. albus, aureus), Streptococcus (Strep. viridans, Strep. faecalis, B Streptococcus), Proteus, Helicobacter pylori and the like, preferably H. pylori.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism which is a virus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism which is an enveloped virus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment and/or prevention of infections caused by a microorganism which is an enveloped virus selected from the group consisting of the herpes-causing viruses (preferably the paramyxoviruses of herpes simplex such as, for example, the parainfluenza viruses), the orthomyxoviruses (such as, for example, the influenza A and B virus), the rotaviruses, the coronaviruses, the herpes viruses (such as, for example, the VZV virus, the cytomegalovirus, the Epstein-Barr virus and the HHV6 virus) and the retroviruses (such as, for example, the human T lymphocyte leukemia virus 1, the bovine leukemia virus and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)).
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of dental plaque, periodontal diseases, Helicobacter pylori ulcers, infections known under the name of “tourists,” bacterial vaginitis, vaginoses, cystitis, chlamydia infections, gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, caries, gingivitis, mucositis, herpes, acne and molluscum contagiosum.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of dental plaque, periodontal diseases, ulcers, infections known under the name of “tourists,” bacterial vaginitis, vaginoses, cystitis and chlamydia infections.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of dental plaque and in that said microorganism present in the buccodental sphere is Candida albicans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of mucoviscidosis and that the microorganism present is selected from the group consisting of Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is administered by the oral, topical or injectable route.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is administered by the oral route.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is administered by the topical route.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is administered by the injectable route.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is administered in the form of a gel, a mouth wash product, a toothpaste, tablets, soft gel capsules, pellets, powder, powder mixtures, an impregnated fabric, etc.
The compositions according to the invention can include, in addition to the above-mentioned compounds, any pharmaceutically acceptable excipient known to the person skilled in the art. Such materials should be nontoxic. The precise nature of the excipient can depend on a certain number of factors including the route of administration.
In a therapeutic context, i.e., when a therapeutic effect is desired, the dose administered corresponds to the “therapeutic dose,” which depends on several factors (route of administration, patient age, sex, etc.) known to the person skilled in the art, with it possible for the latter to determine said dose.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the field of agriculture, horticulture, cultivation of plants intended for consumption, cultivation of plants intended to be displayed as ornamental plants, cultivation of fruit plants, the cultivation from bulbs, cultivation of potted plants, forest maintenance, the treatment of harvested fruits or seeds, the treatment of isolated roots, etc.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a microorganism in the treatment of plant pathologies caused by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for destroying a phytopathogenic microorganism selected from the group consisting of the bacteria, the viruses and the fungi and the like.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism before or after the harvest.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is a bacterium or a virus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is a bacterium.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Erwinia chrvsanthemi, Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas camtestrise and Curtobactrium flaccumfaciens.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is selected from the group consisting of Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is a fungus.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism selected from the group consisting of Penicillium spp., Botryotinia spp. such as, for example, Botrytis cinerea, Didymella spp. such as, for example, Didymella lycopersici or Didymella bryonia, Pythium spp., Plasmopara spp., Peronospora spp., Sclerospora spp., Sphaerotheca spp. such as, for example, Sphaerotheca pannose and Sphaerotheca fulisinea, Puccunia spp. such as, for example, Puccunia horiana, Erysiphe spp., Oidium spp., Leveillula spp. such as, for example, Leveillula taurica, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Verticillium spp., Sclerotinia spp., Rhizopus spp. and Ventura spp.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Fusarium avenaceum, Septoria tritici, Verticillium dahlia, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium ultimum, Colletotrichum musae, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Septoria tritici, Verticillium dahlia, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium ultimum, Colletotrichum musae, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of plants contaminated by at least one phytopathogenic microorganism which is selected from the group consisting of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium avenaceum, Phytophthora infestans, Verticillium dahlia, Colletotrichum lindemuthanium, Colletotrichum musae, Pythium ultimum, Venturia inaequalis, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator, Pectobacterium caratovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas orizae, and Xylella fastidiosa.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the treatment of objects contaminated by at least one pathogenic microorganism selected from the group consisting of Kocuria rhizolia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter gergoviae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescent, Pseudomonas putita, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium pinophilum, and Candida albicans.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in combination with another compound considered to combat at least one phytopathogenic microorganism in order to remedy the potential resistance problems.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in the treatment of plants according to a method selected from the group consisting of spraying, watering, atomization, aerial spraying, sprinkling, immersion, drip irrigation, bathing, etc.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used for the disinfection of drip irrigation systems.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is used in a form selected from the group consisting of the liquid form and the solid form.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is in liquid form.
In an embodiment, the stable composition according to the invention is characterized in that it is in solid form.
La
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. Mixtures prepared in water according to the operating procedures described in these patent applications did not make it possible to obtain an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. Mixtures prepared in a citrate buffer 100 mM pH 5.5 according to the operating procedures described in these patent applications did not make it possible to obtain an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions. For greater clarity, the signals corresponding to the carbons of the sodium citrate have been eliminated from the spectrum (see
The sodium citrate contains 4 carbons visible in NMR with the following chemical shifts: C1 appears at 180.45 ppm, C2 appears at 175.94 ppm, C3 appears at 73.43 ppm and C4 appears at 44.64 ppm. The thiocyanate contains 1 carbon, visible at the chemical shift of 133.48 ppm.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. Mixtures prepared in a phosphate buffer 100 mM pH 7.4 according to the operating procedures described in these patent applications did not make it possible to obtain an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture in the ideal ratio of 4.5 (KI with respect to KSCN) in an aqueous matrix (of the slightly mineralized spring water, moderately mineralized spring water, highly mineralized spring water or tap water type), irrespective of the mineral composition of the aqueous matrix, did not make it possible to obtain an ion selected from the group consisting of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. Mixtures prepared in water according to the operating procedures described in these patent applications include hypothiocyanite ions.
Compositions obtained by enzymatic oxidation of a halide thiocyanate mixture have been described in the prior art, notably in EP1349457 or WO2016026946. Mixtures prepared in a citrate buffer 100 mM pH 5.5 according to the operating procedures described in these patent applications include hypothiocyanite ions.
The concomitant presence of the LP and of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2− ions causes a degradation of the I2SCN− and/or I(SCN)2−X ions with a decrease of the signal at 49 ppm after 1 h (slight decrease), 3 h of incubation (pronounced decrease of the signal), and total disappearance of the signal after 48 h.
Circle-shaped dots: Control
Square-shaped dots: Solution A corresponding to the commercial product (Chlorhexide gluconate 2%)
Triangular-shaped dots: Solution B corresponding to the composition according to the invention, immobilized on wipes
From the curve closest to 0 ATP/CFU at 24 hours of treatment, and going up to the control curve defined by the circles-shaped points, corresponding to 1 ATP/CFU:
Lactobacillus acidophilus in the presence of solution B
Veillonella alcalescens in the presence of solution B
Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence of solution B
Streptococcus mutans in the presence of solution B
Actinomyces viscosus in the presence of solution B
Streptococcus mutans in the presence of solution A
Actinomyces viscosus in the presence of solution A
Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence of solution A
Veillonella alcalescens in the presence of solution A
Lactobacillus acidophilus in the presence of solution A
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of 5.4 mM of potassium iodide (KI), 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) in a sodium citrate buffer 100 mM pH 6.2 (
In general, a certain number of compositions according to the invention were prepared under different conditions:
The compositions according to the invention are prepared according to the general protocol described below, said protocol being accessible to the person skilled in the art without further explanation.
A first solution comprising iodide ions (I−) at an appropriate molar concentration is prepared. In parallel, a second solution comprising thiocyanate (SCN−) ions at an appropriate molar concentration is prepared. In parallel, a third solution of hydrogen peroxide at an appropriate molar concentration (namely the sum of the two preceding molar concentrations) is prepared.
In parallel, a “teabag” comprising lactoperoxidase (LP) is prepared.
The “teabag” is immersed in water or a buffered aqueous solution.
The first two solutions (comprising the iodide ions and the thiocyanates ions, respectively) are added to the water or the aqueous solution comprising the “tea bag.”
The third solution (comprising the hydrogen peroxide) is added to the mixture.
After approximately 60 seconds of presence simultaneously of the three solutions (comprising the iodide ions, the thiocyanate ions and the H2O2, respectively), and the lactoperoxidase (LP) is removed by means of the teabag.
After removal of the lactoperoxidase (LP), several analyses can be carried out on the products of the oxidation reaction:
In the context of the present application, 13C NMR was used for identifying and quantifying the ions. In addition, it was used to confirm that no hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−) was detectable in the compositions according to the invention.
The presence of the I2SCN− and I(SCN)2− ion mixture is demonstrated by the presence of a characteristic peak at approximately 49 to 50.5 ppm. The absence of the hypothiocyanite ions is demonstrated by the absence of peaks at approximately 127 to 128 ppm
This absence of hypothiocyanite ions was also revealed by ionic chromatography.
The analysis of the oxidation of the NH2 functions is carried out by oxidation of TMB (tetramethylbenzydine).
The analysis of the oxidation of the SH function is carried out by oxidation of TNB (5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid) into DTNB (5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)).
The recapitulative table of the tests is presented below:
First, it is specified that no hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN−) is detected for all of the compositions in which the two ions, I− and SCN−, were introduced (tests 3-25), while such ions form in the absence of I− (tests 1-2).
As explained in the introduction of Example 1, the peak in the vicinity of 50 ppm in NMR is characteristic of the new species identified, namely I2SCN− and I(SCN)2−. Moreover, its intensity reveals the quantity of new species formed.
This peak is observed when the pH of the solution is from 4.4 to 7.4. If the pH is less than 4.4, hydrolysis of the thiocyanate occurs.
When the assayed quantity of oxidizing molecules is high and the peak at 49-50 ppm can be seen to appear, a peak associated with the thiocyanate is no longer observed, which indeed indicates its participation in the reaction.
The recapitulative table of the tests is presented below:
Here again, in the presence of iodide ion, no hypothiocyanate ion (OSCN−) is detected, irrespective of the compound.
When the unbuffered aqueous solution is at a pH of less than 6.5, it is observed that the new peak is detected, which is characterized by a shift in NMR (49.6 ppm), which is correlated with an increased capacity to oxidize the SH and NH2 groups.
The new peak is observed at acidic pH values: 5.5 and 4.4, with a nearly doubled intensity at pH 4.4.
In contrast, at higher pH values, the new peak is not observed.
The recapitulative table of the tests is presented below:
Here again, in the presence of iodide ion, no hypothiocyanate ion (OSCN−) is detected, irrespective of the compound.
The new peak is observed at I−/SCN− ratios from 9/1 to strictly greater than 1/1.
In contrast, no peak is observed at I−/SCN− ratios from 0.27/1 to 1/1.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 Mm, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
This compound was compared with the compounds of the prior art manufactured by bringing together of:
The results are given in the table below:
Colletotrichum lindemuthanium
Fusarium avenaceum
Septoria tritici
Verticillium dahliae
Phytophthora infestans
Pythium ultimum
Colletotrichum musae
Pencillium italicum
Penicillium digitatum
Botrytis cinerea
Penicillium expansum
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Erwynia amylovora
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp. michiganensis
Kocuria rhizolia
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacter gergoviae
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas fluorescent
Pseudomonas putita
Aspergillus niger
Penicillium pinophilum
Candida albicans
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca
One observes that a composition according to the invention has an often much greater activity on all the microorganisms tested.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
The time of contact of the different solutions was set at 1 minute.
The oxidizing power was then measured on the SH functions by the method of oxidation of TNB (5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid) into DTNB (5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)), after the following storage times: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 minutes.
The time T=0 corresponds to the time when the lactoperoxidase (LP) is removed.
The results are given in the table below:
It is noted that the oxidizing activity increases with the storage time.
In addition, after 60 minutes, the oxidizing power is stable.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
This composition was distributed in 6 flasks. The flasks are then opened (1 per month), and the bactericidal activity on Candida albicans is tested.
The graph illustrating the variation in the survival rate of the Candida albicans as a function of time, evaluated over a period of 6 months, is presented in
It is observed that no measurable decrease in the activity is detected during the period of 6 months.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 Mm, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
The bactericidal activity on Candida albicans was tested, for the following times of contact with Candida albicans: 5 minutes or 30 minutes.
After a contact time of 5 minutes or 30 minutes with the composition (or the control), an inoculation of a culture medium takes place.
The results of these tests are illustrated in
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
This composition was distributed in 5 flasks according to different dilutions in decreasing order: 755 μm, 252 μm, 75 μm, 25 μm. A control solution was also prepared.
After a contact time of 5 minutes with the 6 different compositions (5 dilutions and the control), an inoculation of a culture medium takes place.
The results are presented in
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
The composition is tested with regard to its bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutans (cariogenic bacterium) and on Streptococcus salivarius (commensal bacterium).
The results are presented in
A composition according to the invention according to the protocol described in Example 1.
This composition was diluted 3-fold and has a concentration of I2SCN− ions of 250 μM. This composition is called “solution B.”
This composition was put in contact with different biofilms organized bacteria versus control and versus another other commercial composition which is Chlorexhidine gluconate 2.0% (“solution A”).
The compositions were put in contact with the biofilm of the different bacteria for variable durations: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 11 hours and 24 hours. This contact occurs by immersion of the strips containing the bacterial biofilm in a solution of the composition or in a solution of chlorexhidine gluconate 2% or as control in an aqueous solution (see hereafter the details of the technique applied for Candida albicans)
The activity with respect to the following bacteria was tested: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Veillonella alcalescens, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.
The results are presented in
Candida albicans Biofilms
Protocol of Immobilization of Biofilms of Candida albicans on Resin and Titanium.
The pieces of resin are stored in sodium azide (0.5 g/500 mL) in order to be disinfected. This operation occurs under sterile conditions.
Transfer 3 pieces of resin into a pot.
Wash 3× in 60 mL of H2O for 5 min with stirring.
Rinse a last time with 60 mL of Sabouraud liquid for 5 min with stirring.
Transfer each piece of resin into a 10 mL round-bottom tube.
Prepare a suspension of Candida albicans at 106 bl/mL in 10 mL of Sabouraud medium.
Prepare the 3 reaction tubes as indicated in the table below.
Incubate for 24 to 48 h in a Rotator™ (3 rotations per minute).
This operation occurs under sterile conditions.
Weigh 500 mg of titanium in 3 different tubes.
Prepare a suspension of Candida albicans at 106 bl/mL in 10 mL of Sabouraud medium.
Prepare the 3 reaction tubes as indicated in the table below.
Incubate for 24 h to 48 h in a Rotator™ (3 rotations per minute).
Incubate for 30 min.
The living blastoconidia transform the MTT-tetrazolium into MTT-formazan which absorbs at 570 nm (Levitz & Diamond, 1985).
The different steps of the procedure are detailed below:
Shown in
Control − (on the left): sterile resin strip.
Control + (in the middle): contaminated strip.
Test (on the right): strip contaminated and disinfected with the solution A
One observes the sterilization of a resin strip contaminated by Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after immersion in a solution containing 250 μM of I2SCN− ions. The biofilm formed on the resin was totally destroyed after 30 min of contact at ambient temperature.
The action of a solution of I2SCN− on biofilms on (titanium) is measured by assay of the Candida biofilms with MU.
The solution containing 250 μM of ions I2SCN− makes it possible to destroy ˜70% of the biofilms formed for 24 to 48 h.
The results obtained are collected below:
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
The samples of paints and resins were contaminated by several series of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and molds and mixtures thereof.
The tests were carried out by adding the composition according to the invention from the start. After a waiting time of 24 hours, the resin and paint samples were inoculated with a suspension of a mixture of microorganisms so as to reach a contamination level of 1,000,000 CFU/mL. The mixtures of the microorganisms consisted of bacteria, yeasts and molds such as:
After contact times of 1, 2 and 7 days, the microbiological analyses were carried out. They are summarized in table 6 below:
Pseudomonas fluorescent
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Candida tropicalis
Aspergillus niger
Pseudomonas aeruginasa
Kluyveromyces fragilis
Penicillium pinophilum
One notes that there is no contamination, irrespective of the sample. This confirms that the composition according to the invention has an activity that stops the growth of the microorganisms in paints and resins.
In industrial processes, a cleaning referred to as CIP (Cleaning In Place) is applied, which consists in applying disinfectants at high temperature after use of the equipment.
The same applies to the instruments used in dentistry practices, in hospitals, instruments which are cleaned after their use by sterilization in an oven at high temperature.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
It was demonstrated that this composition was capable of eliminating the microorganisms responsible for contaminations of this industrial equipment and other equipment and had the advantage that it could be used at ambient temperature.
The resistance of microorganisms to the antibiotics is an increasing problem and seriously complicates the cicatrization of wounds caused by an injury or a burn of the skin. These microorganisms are capable of increasing the inflammatory process.
A composition according to the invention was prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1 and was diluted until a composition comprising 250 μM of I2SCN− was obtained.
This composition was tested on microorganisms which are resistant to the current antibiotics.
More precisely, the use of impregnated fabrics showed the potential, when said fabrics were applied to the wound, of having an antibacterial activity against bacterial species that are resistant to different antibiotics.
The results described in the table below show that the composition according to the invention which was prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1 is very effective against these microorganisms even if its concentration of I2SCN− ions is 250 μM.
Burkholderia multivorans
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Pandoraea apista
Achromobacter denitrificans
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecalis
Malassezia pachydermatis
A composition according to the invention was prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1 and was tested on microorganisms responsible for respiratory diseases in horses and in humans.
The growth curves between the exponential phase and the stationary growth phase allowed us to select the ideal conditions which corresponded to a concentration of 1,000,000 spores/mL. A composition according to the invention was prepared according to the protocol described in example 1 and showed an efficacy against the microorganisms responsible for respiratory diseases in horses.
The microorganisms were the following: Rhodococcus equi ATCC 25729-Streptococcus equi subsp equi ATCC 53185 and Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus ATCC 43079. They are responsible for respiratory diseases in horses.
Taking into account the growth time of these microorganisms, the tests were carried out after 48 hours and 120 hours of growth of the microorganism.
In all the mixtures, all the hydrogen peroxide is consumed. The thiocyanate and the iodine are consumed in identical proportions.
The composition prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1 was shown to be effective in the inhibition of the microorganisms after a contact time of 5 minutes. 4 concentrations of I2SCN− in the ion composition were used at different dilutions. Each number represents the results of 3 independently performed experiments.
The percentages of in vitro inhibition of the microorganisms were measured after a contact time of 5 minutes.
Controls were run with solutions without enzyme with only the substrates 5.4 mM KI+2.2 mM KSCN, on the one hand, and with 6.6 mM of H2O2. These solutions showed an absence of efficacy on the microorganisms (see table 8 below).
Streptococcus
Streptococcus
Rhodococcus
Rhodococcus
Streptococcus
Streptococcus
equi
equi
equi
equi
equi
equi
A second test series was carried out under the same conditions with other microorganisms responsible for respiratory diseases in humans and which were detected in the cases of muscoviscidosis: tobramycin-resistant Burkholderia cepacia (ATCC BAA-245), mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and to oxacillin (ATCC 43300).
In summary, a strong antimicroorganism activity was detected.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an ammonium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.5 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
This composition was tested on contaminated bananas, in particular on bananas contaminated by fungi causing anthracnose lesions and crown rot.
By dipping the bananas in the composition prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1, it was demonstrated that said composition had a great efficacy against the infections caused by Colletotricum musae, Fusarium monoliforme and Fusarium oxysporum
In addition, it was demonstrated that the composition prepared according to Example 1 was more active against fungi compared to conventional fungicides which are toxic and pollute the environment.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of potassium iodide (KI) 5.4 mM, 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a citrate-phosphate buffer 100 Mm, pH 6.9 in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) according to the protocol described in Example 1.
The composition is tested for its bactericidal effect on Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca according to the protocol described below.
The results are presented in
The inoculum is prepared by 2 successive subcultures (each subculture was carried out at 26° C. for 10 days) on a medium comprising a mixture of 3 solutions A, B and C described below; the mixture of A and B being sterilized in the autoclave before addition of the solution C sterilized by filtration.
To solution B, 2 g of charcoal (Active Charcoal Sigma C-4386), 10 g of Yeast extract oxoid and 17 g of Agar are then added.
The mixture of the two solutions is prepared, followed by sterilization in the autoclave.
5 mL of sterile PBS are then added to a Petri dish comprising a Xylella strain; the Petri dish is plated with a sterile spatula, and the 5 mL are pipetted into a sterile flask.
The DO650 is adjusted to 1 (DO650 of 1=104 CFU/mL ref. Shi et al., 2007, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73 (21)) with sterile PBS.
Control: 1 mL inoculum, 1 mL isotonic H2O (NaCl 8.5 g/L) adjusted to pH 6.9 sterile, 1 mL of PD2 Broth
The PD2 broth is obtained by mixing the solutions A and B described below:
Solution A:
Distilled water 1 L:
Autoclave at 121° C. for 15 min.
Solution B
Mix solution A with solution B: when the autoclaved medium (A) has cooled to 50° C., add the sterilized albumin (B).
The biocontrol agent is obtained by mixing 1 mL of inoculum, 1 mL of inhibiting agent and 1 mL of PD2 broth, incubated under stirring (100 rpm) at 26° C. for 30 minutes.
The controls are obtained by mixing 4 drops (10 μL)/Petri dish; left side of the dish)×5 Petri dishes and incubation for 14 days 26° C.
The biocontrol agent by mixing 4 drops (10 μL)/Petri dish; to right side of the Petri dish)×5 Petri dishes and incubation for 14 days 26° C.
The Petri dishes are observed under the binocular microscope 30× and photographed.
The photographs are presented in
During the production of the wanted ions, if one keeps the enzyme in the mixture, one observes a gradual loss of the wanted ions, and, after 48 h, a total loss of the wanted ions due to enzymatic oxidation of the wanted ions, as illustrated in
The presence of supplementary enzymes confers an unexpected effect, as illustrated in
One observes notably that the addition of lactoferrin (>5 mg/L) confers an improved antimicrobial activity compared to the solutions without addition of lactoferrin, when the mixture is diluted 10-fold.
Non-obtention of the species I2SCN− or I(SCN)2−. Compositions comprising an enzymatic mixture with a KI/KSCN ratio of 1.74 were prepared according to the protocol described in EP1349457.
Compositions comprising an enzymatic mixture with a KI/KSCN ratio of 1.55 were prepared according to the protocols described in WO00/01237.
The NMR spectra were prepared under the following conditions: a Bruker AMX-500 MHz apparatus with an 8-mm broadband probe was used. The spectra were obtained from the reaction mixture (lactoperoxidase/[13C] SCN−/I−/ H2O2 according to the described method. The sample consists of 540 μL of reaction mixture, 60 μL D2O (deuterium oxide), 2 μL DSS (4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid). The samples were placed in an NMR tube having a length of 8 mm and an 8-inch wall. The spectra were collected using the following parameters: scanning width=15 009, number of points=32000, acquisition time=1.066 s, recycling delay of 2 s, number of scans=2000. The chemical shifts (ppm) were referenced with respect to the NMR spectroscopy calibration standard, DSS (4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid).
The peak corresponding to KS13CN is observed regardless of which matrix is used. There are no peaks at 49-50 ppm. In the mixtures described in WO00/01237 or EP1349457, there is no production of I2SCN− or I(SCN)2− ion.
Demonstration of the Presence of Hypothiocyanite Ions.
In the enzymatic mixtures prepared according to WO00/01237 or EP1349457, the hypothiocyanite ions are detected in small quantity as are the cyanate ions (OCN−), perfectly identifiable thanks to its triplet signal (Gerritsen et al. 1993), which correspond to the degradation of the OSCN− ions.
Kinetics of production of the wanted ions (measurement by oxidation of the —SH or —NH2 groups)
Solutions comprising 5.4 mM KI+1.2 mM KSCN+6.6 mM H2O2 in a sodium acetate buffer 100 mM pH 4.4+/−LP according to the invention described are prepared
One notes that the kinetics of formation of the wanted ions is entirely different: the production of the wanted ions with the enzyme is instantaneous, while the production obtained without the enzyme is rather slow, after 1 hour of incubation only approximately 1/3 of the wanted ions is obtained. This has an implication for the immediate activity of the active mixture:
Activity with respect to Penicillium expansum
in vitro inhibition with respect to 1 106 spores/mL of
Penicillium
expansum of the mixture (5.4 mM KI + 1.2
In vitro inhibition with respect
Penicillium expansum of the
One notes that the chemical mixture (incubation time of the reagents: 1 minute) is not effective for in vitro growth inhibition of Penicillium expansum.
On the contrary, the enzymatic mixture of (5.4 mM KI+1.2 mM KSCN+6.6 mM H2O2)+lactoperoxidase for 1 minute, then removal of the enzyme, is effective up to the 1/30 dilution for the buffer 500 mM, up to 1/15 dilution with the buffer 100 mM, 10 mM and 1 mM:
The method for preparing the active mixture containing the wanted ions, that is to say chemical or enzymatic, has an implication for the immediate antimicrobial activity of the mixture. The enzymatic mixture has an immediate antimicrobial efficacy (present as early as after 1 minute of incubation), while this antimicrobial activity is absent after 1 minute of incubation of the substrates in the chemical mixture.
A composition according to the invention was prepared by bringing together of 5.4 mM of potassium iodide (KI), 1.2 mM of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), 6.6 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of 50 mg/L of lactoperoxidase (LP) (1000 ABTS units per mg) in a sodium citrate buffer 100 mM pH 6.2 (
It can be seen that the lyophilized composition maintains a bactericidal action equivalent to the other non-lyophilized compositions (
It is apparent that after 24 h of incubation at 37° C. of 100 μL of E. coli at 109 CFU/mL on a culture medium in a Petri dish, the composition immobilized on a fabric stops the growth of the bacterium (halo visible).
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1558780 | Sep 2015 | FR | national |
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 15/761,211, filed Apr. 13, 2018 which claims the benefit of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2016/072088, filed Sep. 18, 2016, which claims the benefit of French Priority Application No. 1558780, filed Sep. 17, 2015. The disclosure of each of the prior applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15761211 | Apr 2018 | US |
| Child | 16897706 | US |
