COMPOSITION INCLUDING REFRIGERANT, USE THEREOF, REFRIGERATOR HAVING SAME, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAID REFRIGERATOR

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising a refrigerant, use of the composition, a refrigerating machine having the composition, and a method for operating the refrigerating machine.

BACKGROUND ART

R410A is currently used as an air conditioning refrigerant for, e.g., home air conditioners. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂: HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅: HFC-125 or R125), and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition.

However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088. Due to growing concerns about global warming, R32, which has a GWP of 675, has been increasingly used.

For this reason, various low-GWP mixed refrigerants that can replace R410A have been proposed (PTL 1).

CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1: WO2015/186557

SUMMARY
Solution to Problem

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein
when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z;

if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and straight lines LB″, B″D, DC, and CI that connect the following 7 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (−-1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5),
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683),
or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and straight lines LB″, B″ D, DC, and CI that connect the following 7 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and straight lines LB″, B″ D, DC, and CI that connect the following 7 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w),

the curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x²−1.2222x+67.676, −0.0095x²+0.2222x+32.324-w), and

the curve KL is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0049x²−0.8842x+61.488, −0.0049x²−0.1158x+38.512-w).

Advantageous Effects

The refrigerant of the present disclosure has three types of performance, i.e., a refrigerating capacity that is equivalent to or higher than that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used for the measurement of burning velocity.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 99.4 mass % (CO₂content is 0.6 mass %).

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 98.8 mass % (CO₂content is 1.2 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 98.7 mass % (CO₂content is 1.3 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 97.5 mass % (CO₂content is 2.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 96 mass % (CO₂content is 4 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 94.5 mass % (CO₂content is 5.5 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points and line segments that define the refrigerant of the present disclosure in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 93 mass % (CO₂content is 7 mass %).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors conducted extensive research and found that a mixed refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf has the characteristics described above.

The present disclosure has been completed as a result of further research based on this finding. The present disclosure includes the following embodiments.

Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization) and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning, and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to be classified as Class 2L.

1. Refrigerant
1.1 Refrigerant Component

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity that is equivalent to those of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and straight lines LB″, B″D, DC, and CI that connect the following 7 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5),
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and Ci); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and straight lines LB″, B″ D, DC, and Ci that connect the following 7 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w),

the curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x²−1.2222x+67.676, −0.0095x²+0.2222x+32.324-w), and

the curve KL is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0049x²−0.8842x+61.488, −0.0049x²−0.1158x+38.512-w).

The refrigerant of the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 350 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is preferably as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 5 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

if 1.2<w≤1.3, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 5 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point F (36.6, −3w+3.9, 2w+59.5), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

if 1.3<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w), and

the curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x²−1.2222x+67.676, −0.0095x²+0.2222x+32.324-w).

When the refrigerant of the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 250 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is preferably as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤5.1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (18.2, −1.1111w²−3.1667w+31.9, 1.1111w²+2.1667w+49.9), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (−0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w²−4.5381w+31.856, −0.0623w²+3.5746w+49.884), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (18.1, 0.0444w²−4.3556w+31.411, −0.0444w²+3.3556w+50.489), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI), and
the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w).

When the refrigerant of the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 125 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is preferably as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and

R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves GO and OP, and straight lines PB″, B″D, and DG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6),
point P (51.7, 1.1111w²+20.5, −1.1111w²−w+27.8),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5), and
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line B″D);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves GN, NO, and OP, and straight lines PB″, B″D, and DG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point N (18.2, 0.2778w²+3w+27.7, −0.2778w²−4w+54.1),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6),
point P (51.7, 1.1111w²+20.5, −1.1111w²−w+27.8),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5), and
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line B″D);

if 0<w≤0.6, the curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w²−0.0113w+0.0313)x²+(−0.3582w²+0.1624w−1.4551)x+2.7889w²+3.7417w+43.824 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0<w≤1.2, the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0074w²−0.0133w+0.0064)x²+(−0.5839w²+1.0268w−0.7103)x+11.472w²−17.455w+40.07, 100-w-x-y);

if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, and straight lines PB″, B″D, DC, and CM that connect the following 8 points:

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.57),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4381w+24.475, 0.13920−2.4381w+38.725),
point P (51.7, −0.2381w²+1.881w+20.186, 0.2381w²−2.881w+28.114),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, −w+48.4),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y),

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.000463w²+0.0024w−0.0011)x²+(0.0457w²−0.2581w−0.075)x−1.355w²+8.749w+27 .096, 100-w-x-y); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, and straight lines PB″, B″ D, DC, and CM that connect the following 8 points:

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point N (10.0, −0.0667w²+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18.2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point O (36.8, −0.0444w²+0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w²−1.6889w+37.244),
point P (51.7, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+21.633, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+26.667),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, −w+48.4),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756)x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y),

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²+(0.0022w²−0.0345w−0.7521)x−0.1307w²+2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.0006258w²+0.0066w−0.0153)x²+(0.0516w²−0.5478w+0. 9894)x−1.074w²+11.651w+10.992, 100-w-x-y). When the refrigerant of the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 350 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is preferably as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by a curve GO, and straight lines OF and FG that connect the following 3 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6), and
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), or the above line segments;

the curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves GN and NO, and straight lines OF and FG that connect the following 4 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point N (18.2, 0.2778w²+3.0w+27.7, −0.2.778w²−4.0w+54.1),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6), and
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), or on the above line segments;

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w²−0.0113w+0.0313)x²+(−0.3582w²+0.1624w−1.4551)x+2.7889w²+3.7417w+43.824, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 1.2<w≤1.3, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and straight lines OF, FC, and CM that connect the following 6 points:

point N (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4384w+24.475, 0.1392w²−2.4381w+38.725),
point F (36.6, −3w+3.9, 2w+59.5), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w±41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y);

if 1.3<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and straight lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM that connect the following 7 points:

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.37733.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4384w+24.475, 0.1392w²−2.4381w+38.725),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4), R
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509) x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x±0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x+(−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078), 100-w-x-y); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x, y, z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and straight lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM that connect the following 7 points:

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point W (10.0, −0.0667w²+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18. 2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point O (36.8, −0.0444w²+0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w²−1.6889w+37.244),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point D (−2.8w+40. 1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756)x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0082x²+(0.0022w²−0.0345w−0.7521)x−0.1307w²+2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y). When the refrigerant of the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 250 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure is preferably as follows. When the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW and WN, and straight lines NE, EC, and CM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point E (−0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w²−4.5381w+31.856, −0.0623w²+3.5746w+49.884), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274) x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x, y, z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW and WN, and straight lines NE, EC, and CM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point W (10.0, −0.0667+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18.2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point E (18.1, 0.0444w²−4.3556w+31.411, −0.0444w²+3.3556w+50.489), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756)x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y). When the refrigerant of the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more and a GWP of 125 or less relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant of the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

1.2. Use

The refrigerant of the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.

2. Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

2.1. Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

2.2. Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration so that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. It is preferable that a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed into the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

Specifically, the following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)
HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)
HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)
HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)
HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)
HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)
HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)
HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)
HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)
HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)
HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)
CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)
HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound can be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. The tracer compound is preferably present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

2.3. Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

2.4. Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

2.5. Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tent-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

3. Refrigeration-Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

3.1. Refrigeration Oil

The composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration oils.

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

3.2. Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

4. Method for Operating Refrigerating Machine

The method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure is a method for operating a refrigerating machine using the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.

Specifically, the method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure comprises the step of circulating the refrigerant according to the present disclosure in a refrigerating machine.

The embodiments are described above; however, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Item 1.

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z;

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5),
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w±41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI); or

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CI);

the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w),

the curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x²−1.2222x+67.676, −0.0095x²+0.2222x+32.324-w), and

the curve KL is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0049x²−0.8842x+61.488, −0.0049x²−0.1158x±38.512-w).

Item 2.

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z;

if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 5 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point F (36.6, −3w+3.9, 2w+59.5), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI); or

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point B (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w); and the curve 5K is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x²−1.2222x+67.676, −0.0095x²+0.2222x+32.324-w).

Item 3.

A composition comprising a refrigerant,

the refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, wherein

when the mass % of CO₂, R32, 1-1E0-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves IJ and JK, and straight lines KF, FC, and CI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (18.2, −1.1111w²−3.1667w+31.9, 1.1111w²+2.1667w+49.9), and
point C (0.0, −4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI);

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (−0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w²−4.5381w+31.856, -0.0623w²+3.5746w+49.884), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI); or

point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w),
point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w),
point E (18.1, 0.0444w²−4.3556w+31.411, −0.0444w²+3.3556w+50.489), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CI), and
the curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x²−1.716x+72, −0.0236x²+0.716x+28-w).

Item 4.

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, wherein

when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves GO and OP, and straight lines PB″, B″D, and DG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6),
point P (51.7, 1.1111w²+20.5, −1.1111w²-w+27.8),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5), and
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line B″D);

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point N (18.2, 0.2778w²+3w+27.7, −0.2778w²−4w+54.1),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6),
point P (51.7, 1.1111w²+20.5, −1.1111w²-w+27.8),
point B″ (−1.5278w²+2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w²−3.75w+49.5), and
point D (−2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line B″D);

if 0<w≤0.6, the curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w²−0.0113w+0.0313)x²+(−0.3582w²+0.1624w−1.4551)x+2.7889w²+3.7417w+43.824 , 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0<w≤1.2, the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0074w²−0.0133w+0.0064)x²+(−0.5839w²+1.0268w≤0.7103)x+11.472w²−17.455w+40.07, 100-w-x-y);

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w²−2.4381w+38.725),
point P (51.7, −0.2381w²+1.881w+20.186, 0.2381w²−2.881w+28.114),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, −w+48.4),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y),

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.000463w²+0.0024w−0.0011)x²+(0.0457w²−0.2581w−0.075)x−1.355w²+8.749w+27.096, 100-w-x-y); or

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point N (10.0, −0.0667w²+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18.2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point O (36.8, −0.0444w²+0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w²−1.6889w+37.244),
point P (51.7, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+21.633, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+26.667),
point B″ (51.6, 0.0, −w+48.4),
point D (−2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight lines B″D and CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756)x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y),

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y),

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²+(0.0022w²−0.0345w−0.7521)x−0.1307w²+2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.0006258w²+0.0066w−0.0153)x²+(0.0516w²−0.5478w+0.9894)x−1.074w²+11.651w+10.992, 100-w-x-y).

Item 5.

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, wherein

when the mass % of CO₂R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented. by w, x, y, and z,

if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by a curve GO, and straight lines OF and FG that connect the following 3 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6), and
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), or the above line segments;
the curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, coordinates (x, y, z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves GN and NO, and straight lines OF and FG that connect the following 4 points:

point G (−5.8333w²−3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w²+1.4167w+26.2, −1.25w²+0.75w+51.6),
point N (18.2, 0.2778w²+3.0w+27.7, −0.2.778w²−4.0w+54.1),
point O (36.8, 0.8333w²+1.8333w+22.6, −0.8333w²−2.8333w+40.6), and
point F (−0.0833w+36.717, −4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), or on the above line segments;

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w²−0.0113w+0.0313)x²+(−0.3582w²+0.1624w−1.4551)x+2.7889w²+3.7417w+43.824, 100-w-x-y);

if 0.6<w≤1.2, the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w²−0.0059w+0.0072)x²+(−0.279w²+0.2844w−0.6701)x+3.7639w²−0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y);

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w²−2.4381w+38.725),
point F (36.6, −3w+3.9, 2w+59.5), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3. 6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y);

if 1.3<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW, MW, and NO, and straight lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM that connect the following 7 points:

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),
point N (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),
point N (18.2, −0.3773w²+3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),
point O (36.8, −0.1392w²+1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w²−2.4381w+38.725),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point D (−2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789), and
point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274) x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w²+0.0036w+0.0037)x²+(0.0375w²−0.239w−0.4977)x+(−0.8575w²+6.4941w+36.078), 100-w-x-y); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves NW, WN, and NO, and straight lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM that connect the following 7 points:

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point N (10.0, −0.0667w²+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18. 2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point O (36.8, −0.0444w²+0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w²−1.6889w+37.244),
point B′ (36.6, 0.0, −w+63.4),
point D (−2.8w+40. 1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756)x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y),

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0082x²+(0.0022w²−0.0345w−0.7521)x−0.1307w²+2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y) .

Item 6.

A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, wherein

when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW and WN, and straight lines NE, EC, and CM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (0.0, −0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w²−3.419w+44.47),

point W (10.0, −0.3645w²+3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w²−4.5024w+55.578),

point N (18.2, −0.37733.319w+28.26, 0.3773w²−4.319w+53.54),

point E (−0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w²−4.5381w+31.856, −0.0623w²+3.5746w+49.884), and

point C (0.0, 0.1081w²−5.169w+58.447, −0.1081w²+4.169w+41.553), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w²−0.0359w+0.1509)x²+(−0.0493w²+0.4669w−3.6193)x−0.3004w²+2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y), and the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w²−0.0326w+0.0665)x²+(−0.1571w²+0.8981w−2.6274)x+0.6555w²−2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y); or

if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curves MW and WN, and straight lines NE, EC, and CM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (0.0, −0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w²−1.8333w+41.867),
point W (10.0, −0.0667w²+1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w²−2.1w+50.733),
point N (18.2, −0.0889w²+1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w²−2.3778w+50.389),
point E (18.1, 0.0444w²−4.3556w+31.411, −0.0444w²+3.3556w+50.489), and
point C (0.0, 0.0667w²−4.9667w+58.3, −0.0667w²+3.9667w+41.7), or on the above line segments (excluding points on the straight line CM);

the curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w²−0.0391w+0.1756) x²+(−0.0356w²+0.4178w−3.6422)x−0.0667w²+0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y), and

the curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w²+0.0218w−0.0301)x²+(0.0556w²−0.5821w−0.1108)x−0.4158w²+4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y).

Item 7.

The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 6, for use as a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, wherein the composition further comprises a refrigeration oil.

Item 8.

The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.

Item 9.

Use of the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7 as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.

Item 10.

A refrigerating machine comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7 as a working fluid.

Item 11.

A method for operating a refrigerating machine, comprising the step of circulating the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7 as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

EXAMPLES

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

The burning velocity of individual mixed refrigerants of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf was measured in accordance with the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. A formulation that shows a burning velocity of 10 cm/s was found by changing the concentration of CO₂. Tables 1 and 2 show the formulations found.

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using a schlieren method. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two acrylic light-transmission windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a

PC.

The burning velocity (Su (cm/s)) is the volume of unburned gas in which the flame surface of the unit area is consumed in the unit time, and is calculated according to the following equation.

Su=Sb*ρu/ρb

Sb: Flame propagation velocity (cm/s)

ρu: Adiabatic flame temperature (unburned)

ρb: Adiabatic flame temperature (already burned)

Sb was obtained from schlieren video images, ρu was the measured temperature, and ρb was calculated from the heat of the combustion of the combustion gas and the specific heat of constant pressure.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

TABLE 1

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 13
Comp.
Ex. 15
Comp.
Ex. 17
Comp.
Ex. 19

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 14
J
Ex. 16
K
Ex. 18
L

0% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 37

Ex. 4

Ex. 6

Ex. 8

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 3
J
Ex. 5
K
Ex. 7
L

0.6% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
27.4
32.6
32.6
30.6
27.0
23.3
10.8

CO₂
mass %
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 49

Ex. 17

Ex. 19

Ex. 21

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 16
J
Ex. 18
K
Ex. 20
L

1.2% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
26.8
31.6
32.0
30.0
26.4
22.7
18.2

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 59

Ex. 30

Ex. 32

Ex. 34

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 29
J
Ex. 31
K
Ex. 33
L

1.3% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
26.7
31.5
31.5
29.9
26.3
22.6
18.1

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 69

Ex. 45

Ex. 47

Ex. 49

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 44
J
Ex. 46
K
Ex. 48
L

2.5% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
25.5
30.3
30.7
28.7
25.1
21.3
16.9

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 79

Ex. 60

Ex. 62

Ex. 64

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 59
J
Ex. 61
K
Ex. 63
L

4.0% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
28.8
29.2
27.2
23.6
19.8
15.4

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 89

Ex. 75

Ex. 77

Ex. 79

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 74
J
Ex. 76
K
Ex. 78
L

5.5% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
22.5
27.3
27.7
25.7
22.1
18.3
13.9

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

Comp.

Ex. 99

Ex. 90

Ex. 92

Ex. 94

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 89
J
Ex. 91
K
Ex. 93
L

7.0% CO₂

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
21.0
25.8
26.2
24.2
20.6
16.8
12.4

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 2

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 20
Comp.
Ex. 22
Comp.
Ex. 24

Item
M
Ex. 21
W
Ex. 23
N

0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
13.2

R1234yf
mass %
47.4
55.9
57.6
56.2
54.1

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 26
Comp.
Ex. 28

Item
Ex. 25
O
Ex. 27
P

0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
24.5
22.6
21.2
20.5

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
47.6
40.6
34.6
27.8

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.9
31.4
29.2
27.1

R32
mass %
38.1
45.7
51.1
56.4

R1234yf
mass %
27.0
23.0
19.7
16.5

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 35
Comp.
Ex. 39
Comp.
Ex. 1

Item
C = M
Ex. 38
W
Ex. 40
N(=E = G)

0.6% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
55.4
42.4
35.1
31.6
29.6

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
44.0
52.0
54.3
53.3
51.6

CO₂
mass %
0.6
06
0.6
0.6
0.6

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

gas phase
gas phase
liquid
liquid
gas phase

side
side
phase side
phase side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
58.6
49.7
44.5
41.3

R32
mass %
0.0
8.9
16.9
23.0
27.4

R1234yf
mass %
2.7
29.1
30.2
29.4
28.3

CO₂
mass %
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.0

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 11

Ex. 13

Item
Ex. 10
O
Ex. 12
P

0.6% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
26.3
24.0
22.4
20.9

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
45.5
38.6
33.0
26.8

CO₂
mass %
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,

gas phase
liquid
liquid
liquid

side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
35.8
32.1
29.8
27.8

R32
mass %
36.6
44.1
49.4
54.7

R1234yf
mass %
24.8
21.1
18.2
14.9

CO₂
mass %
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Ex. 50
Comp.
Ex. 15

Ex. 23

Item
M
Ex. 51
G = W
Ex. 22
N

1.2% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
45.2
38.1
34.0
31.7

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
40.8
48.6
50.7
48.9
48.9

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
6% release,
6% release,
4% release,
4% release,

gas phase
gas phase
liquid
liquid
liquid

side
side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
59.3
50.9
45.6
42.2

R32
mass %
0.0
8.3
15.8
21.7
26.2

R1234yf
mass %
24.8
28.0
28.5
27.7
26.7

CO₂
mass %
3.2
4.4
4.8
5.0
4.9

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 25

Ex. 27

Item
Ex. 24
O
Ex. 26
P

1.2% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
27.9
25.4
23.7
22.1

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
43.3
36.0
31.1
25.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

4% release,
4% release,
4% release,
4% release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.4
32.7
30.3
28.3

R32
mass %
35.3
42.8
48.1
53.4

R1234yf
mass %
23.6
20.0
17.4
13.9

CO₂
mass %
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.4

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Ex. 60

Ex. 36

Ex. 38

Item
M
Ex. 35
W
Ex. 37
N

1.3% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.2
45.5
38.4
34.3
31.9

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
40.5
48.2
50.3
50.0
48.6

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

0% release,
8% release,
8% release,
8% release,
8% release,

gas phase
gas phase
liquid
liquid
liquid

side
side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
59.4
51.0
45.7
42.2

R32
mass %
0.0
8.2
15.8
21.5
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
27.6
28.1
27.8
26.9

CO₂
mass %
3.0
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.9

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 40

Ex. 42

Item
Ex. 39
O
Ex. 41
P

1.3% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
28.1
25.6
23.9
22.3

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
43.0
36.3
30.8
24.7

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,40% release,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

liquid
4% release,
4% release,
4% release,

phase side
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.5
32.8
30.4
28.4

R32
mass %
35.1
42.6
47.9
53.2

R1234yf
mass %
26.3
19.7
16.9
13.6

CO₂
mass %
5.1
4.9
4.8
4.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 3

Comp.

Ex. 70

Ex. 51

Ex. 53

Item
M
Ex. 50
W
Ex. 52
N

2.5% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
59.7
48.1
40.9
36.9
34.2

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
37.8
44.4
46.6
46.2
45.1

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

20% release,
20% release,
20% release,
20% release,
18% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
liquid

side
side
side
side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
60.3
32.1
46.9
43.2

R32
mass %
000
7.5
14.6
20.2
24.7

R1234yf
mass %
24.9
27.4
28.4
28.0
26.7

CO₂
mass %
3.1
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.4

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 55

Ex. 57

Item
Ex. 54
O
Ex. 56
P

2.5% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
29.9
27.2
25.2
23.4

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
33.5
28.1
22.4

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

18% release,
18% release,
20% release,
22% release,

liquid
liquid
gas phase
gas phase

phase side
phase side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
37.1
33.2
30.6
28.3

R32
mass %
34.1
41.8
47.6
53.4

R1234yf
mass %
23.4
19.7
16.9
13.8

CO₂
mass %
5.4
5.4
4.9
4.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp·

Ex. 80

Ex. 66

Ex. 68

Item
M
Ex. 65
W
Ex. 67
N

4.0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.4
49.6
42.6
38.3
35.5

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
35.6
41.4
43.4
43.3
42.3

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

22% release,
28% release,
28% release,
28% release,
28% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
60.9
52.9
47.5
43.8

R32
mass %
0.0
7.1
13.9
19.4
23.9

R1234yf
mass %
24.5
27.0
28.0
27.8
28.9

CO₂
mass %
3.5
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.4

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 70

Ex. 72

Item
Ex. 69
O
Ex. 71
P

4.0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
31.0
28.0
25.9
23.9

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
37.4
31.2
26.1
20.4

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

28% release,
32% release,
32% release,
32% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
37.4
33.1
30.5
28.1

R32
mass %
33.5
41.7
47.6
53.6

R1234yf
mass %
23.6
20.5
17.2
13.5

CO₂
mass %
5.5
4.7
4.7
4.8

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Ex. 99

Ex. 81

Ex. 83

Item
M
Ex. 80
W
Ex. 82
N

5.5% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
69.7
50.3
43.3
39.0
36.3

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
33.8
39.2
41.2
41.1
40.0

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

26% release,
34% release,
34% release,
34% release,
34% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
61.2
53.2
47.8
44.2

R32
mass %
0.0
6.8
13.5
19.0
23.4

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
27.0
28.1
27.7
26.8

CO₂
mass %
4.0
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 85

Ex. 87

Item
Ex. 84
O
Ex. 86
P

5.5% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
31.6
28.4
26.2
24.2

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
35.3
23.3
24.3
18.6

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

36% release,
38% release,
40% release,
40% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
37.6
33.2
30.3
27.9

R32
mass %
33.2
41.7
47.9
54.2

R1234yf
mass %
23.9
20.2
17.3
13.3

CO₂
mass %
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.6

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Comp.

Ex. 100

Ex. 96

Ex. 98

Item
M
Ex. 95
W
Ex. 97
N

7.0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.7
50.3
43.7
39.5
36.7

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.4
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
32.3
37.7
39.3
39.1
38.1

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

42% release,
34% release,
39% release,
40% release,
40% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
61.2
53.4
48.1
44.4

R32
mass %
0.0
6.8
13.3
18.7
23.2

R1234yf
mass %
24.4
27.0
27.8
28.1
27.1

CO₂
mass %
3.6
5.0
5.5
5.1
5.3

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

Ex. 100

Ex. 102

Item
Ex. 99
O
Ex. 101
P

7.0% CO₂

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
31.9
28.6
26.4
24.2

R32
mass %
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
33.5
27.6
22.6
17.1

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

leak condition that
storage,
storage,
storage,
storage,

results in WCFF
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,
shipping −40° C.,

42% release,
42% release,
42% release,
44% release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
37.7
33.2
30.4
27.8

R32
mass %
33.1
41.7
47.9
54.6

R1234yf
mass %
24.1
19.8
16.3
12.7

CO₂
mass %
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.9

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or

(WCF)

less
less
less
less

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

The results indicate that when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z in the ternary composition diagrams of FIGS. 2 to 9 in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass %, when coordinates(x, y, z) are on or below the straight lines connecting points I, J, K, and L, a WCF lower flammability is achieved.

In the ternary composition diagram of FIG. 2, it is also found that when coordinates (x, y, z) are on or below the straight lines connecting points M, N, O, and P, a ASHRAE lower flammability is achieved.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 3 to 10. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio of the mixed refrigerants in Tables 3 to 10 relative to those of R410 were determined.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R1234yf and R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated in the report, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PTL 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporation temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
E_com(compressive modulus): 0.7 kWh

Tables 3 to 10 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Tables 3 to 10 respectively show the cases in which the CO₂concentrations are 0 mass %, 0.6 mass %, 1.2 mass %, 1.3 mass %, 2.5 mass %, 4 mass %, 5.5 mass %, and 7 mass %.

TABLE 4

0% CO₂

Camp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0
58.3
0.0

R32
mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.9
51.5
0.0
40.3

R1234yf
mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
49.5
41.7
59.7

CO₂
mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
250
2
274

COP ratio
% (relative
100
98.7
103.6
93.7
102.3
99.2
102.1
100.3
102.2

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.0
80.0
80.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.3
6.8
0.1
4.5
0.0
2.7
2.9
4.0

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Comp.
Ex. 15
Comp.
Ex. 17
Comp.

Item
Unit
E
F
G
I
Ex. 14
J
Ex. 16
K
Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
31.9
5.2
26.2
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0

R32
mass %
18.2
36.7
22.2
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2

R1234yf
mass %
49.9
58.1
51.6
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8

CO₂
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
125
250
152
2
69
125
188
250
300

COP ratio
% (relative
100.3
101.8
100.5
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
82.3
80.8
82.4
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.4
4.3
4.3
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.4
1.9
1.6

glide

Comp.
Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Comp.
Ex. 22
Comp.
Ex. 24
Comp.
Ex. 26
Comp.
Ex. 28

Item
Unit
L
M
Ex. 21
W
Ex. 23
N
Ex. 25
O
Ex. 27
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
28.9
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5
22.6
21.2
20.5

R32
mass %
51.7
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
19.4
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
34.1
47.9
40.6
34.6
27.8

Co2
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
350
2
36
70
100
125
188
250
300
350

COP ratio
% (relative
100.1
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4
100.4
100.5
100.6

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
103.3
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5
91.0
95.0
99.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.2
3.4
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.0
3.0
2.3
1.7

glide

TABLE 5

0.6% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35
Ex. 36
Ex. 1

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C = M
D
E = G = N

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
81.0
0.0
62.5
0.0
47.6
0.0
55.4
0.0
29.6

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.6
0.0
38.6
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
81.3
0.0
62.7
0.0
47.8
44.0
60.8
51.6

CO₂
mass %
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
2
263
125

COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
103.4
98.4
102.1
99.0
102.0
100.1
102.1
100.2

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
106.5
63.7
111.1
78.7
113.1
88.6
80.0
80.0
82.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.7
7.5
0.4
4.9
0.3
3.0
3.9
4.7
5.2

glide

Comp.

Ex. 2
Ex. 37

Ex. 4

Ex. 6

Ex. 8
Comp.

Item
Unit
F
I
Ex. 3
J
Ex. 5
K
Ex. 7
L
Ex. 38

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
2.7
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
42.4

R32
mass %
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
60.0
27.4
32.6
32.6
30.6
27.0
23.3
10.8
52.0

CO₂
mass %
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

GWP
—
250
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
36

COP ratio
% (relative
101.8
99.5
99.2
99.1
99.2
99.4
99.6
99.7
100.3

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
80.4
88.1
89.7
92.3
95.5
99.0
101.7
108.2
77.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.8
5.2
2.4
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.3
1.9
3.9

glide

Comp.

Ex. 39
Comp.

Ex. 10

Ex. 12

Item
Unit
W
Ex. 40
Ex. 9
O
Ex. 11
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
35.1
31.6
26.3
24.0
22.4
20.9

R32
mass %
10.0
14.5
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
54.3
53.3
45.5
38.6
33.0
26.8

CO₂
mass %
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

GWP
—
70
100
188
250
299
350

COP ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.3
100.1
100.1
100.2
100.4

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
78.5
80.4
87.8
93.0
96.8
100.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.1
5.5
5.4
5.1
4.2
3.2

glide

TABLE 6

1.2% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 41
Ex. 42
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 13

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.4
0.0
61.9
0.0
47.0
0.0
52.4
0.0
26.5

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.6
0.0
36.8
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
80.7
0.0
62.2
0.0
46.9
46.4
62.0
54.1

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
2
251
125

COP ratio
% (relative
98.1
103.2
98.2
101.9
98.7
101.7
99.9
101.9
100.2

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
107.7
5.0
112.2
79.8
114.2
89.9
80.0
80.0
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.2
8.1
0.8
5.4
0.6
3.4
4.9
5.3
6.0

glide

Comp.

Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 49

Ex. 17

Ex. 19

Ex. 21

Item
Unit
F
G = W
I
Ex. 16
J
Ex. 18
K
Ex. 20
L

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
0.3
38.1
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9

R32
mass %
36.6
10.0
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
61.9
50.7
28.8
31.8
32.0
30.0
26.4
22.7
18.2

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
250
70
2
69
125
188
250
300
350

COP ratio
% (relative
101.9
99.9
99.2
98.9
98.8
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.6

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
80.0
81.6
89.7
91.3
93.7
96.2
100.3
103.0
105.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.4
5.7
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.6
2.2
1.8

glide

Comp.

Ex. 50
Comp.

Ex. 23

Ex. 25

Ex. 27

Item
Unit
M
Ex. 51
Ex. 22
N
Ex. 24
O
Ex. 26
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
45.2
34.0
31.7
27.9
25.4
23.7
22.1

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
40.8
48.6
48.9
48.9
43.3
36.0
31.1
25.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
2
36
100
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.9
100.0

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
82.9
80.9
83.6
84.9
90.0
95.3
98.7
102.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
4.4
3.4
2.8
2.2

glide

TABLE 7

1.3% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54
Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57
Ex. 58
Ex. 28
Ex. 59

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.3
0.0
61.8
0.0
46.9
0.0
51.9
26.1
72.0

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.6
0.0
18.2
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
80.6
0.0
62.1
0.0
47.1
46.8
54.4
26.7

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
2
125
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
103.2
98.1
101.9
98.7
101.7
99.8
100.2
99.1

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
107.9
65.2
112.3
80.0
114.3
90.0
80.0
82.0
89.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.2
8.2
0.8
5.4
0.7
3.4
5.1
6.1
3.2

glide

Comp.

Ex. 30

Ex. 32

Ex. 34
Ex. 60

Ex. 36

Item
Unit
Ex. 29
J
Ex. 31
K
Ex. 33
L
M
Ex. 35
W

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
58.2
45.5
38.4

R32
mass %
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
0.0
5.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
31.5
31.9
29.9
26.3
22.6
18.1
40.5
48.2
50.3

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

GWP
—
69
125
188
250
300
350
2
36
70

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
98.8
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.5
99.8
99.8

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
91.5
93.9
97.1
100.5
103.2
106.0
83.3
81.3
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.7
3.6
3.2
2.7
1.3
1.3
4.4
5.4
5.8

glide

Ex. 38

Ex. 40

Ex. 42

Item
Unit
Ex. 37
N
Ex. 39
O
Ex. 41
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.3
31.9
28.1
25.6
23.9
22.3

R32
mass %
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
50.0
48.6
43.0
36.3
30.8
24.7

CO₂
mass %
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

GWP
—
100
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.8
99.6
99.7
99.8
100.0

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
83.5
85.2
90.3
95.4
99.0
102.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6
5.4
4.5
3.5
2.9
2.3

glide

TABLE 8

2.5% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 61
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 43

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
79.1
0.0
60.6
0.0
45.7
0.0
46.2
0.0
20.9

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.6
0.0
33.2
18.2

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
79.4
0.0
60.9
0.0
45.9
51.3
64.3
58.4

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
3
227
125

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
102.7
97.6
101.5
98.3
101.3
99.6
101.6
100.2

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
110.3
67.8
114.5
82.5
116.4
92.5
80.0
80.0
81.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.0
9.5
1.5
6.3
1.3
4.1
7.1
6.9
7.6

glide

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 69

Ex. 45

Ex. 47

Ex. 49
Ex. 70

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 44
J
Ex. 46
K
Ex. 48
L
M
Ex. 50

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
59.7
48.1

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
0.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.5
30.3
30.7
28.7
25.1
21.3
16.9
37.8
44.4

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
330
2
36

COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
98.2
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.8
99.0

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
93.1
94.5
96.7
99.8
103.1
105.9
108.6
87.1
85.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.4
4.7
4.5
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.4
5.6
6.3

glide

Ex. 51

Ex. 53

Ex. 55

Ex. 57

Item
Unit
W
Ex. 52
N
Ex. 54
O
Ex. 56
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.9
36.9
34.2
29.9
27.2
25.2
23.4

R32
mass %
10.0
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
46.6
46.2
45.1
40.0
33.5
28.1
22.4

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
70
99
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.0
99.1
99.3
99.5

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
86.2
87.7
89.2
94.0
98.8
102.4
105.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6
6.3
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.4
2.8

glide

TABLE 9

4% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 71
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 58

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
77.6
0.0
59.1
0.0
44.2
0.0
39.5
0.0
14.7

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.6
0.0
28.9
18.1

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
77.9
0.0
59.4
0.0
44.4
56.5
67.1
63.2

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
3
198
125

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
102.2
97.0
101.0
97.7
100.8
99.4
101.3
100.4

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
113.3
71.2
117.3
85.7
118.9
95.6
80.0
80.0
81.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.0
10.9
2.2
7.2
2.0
5.0
9.6
8.7
9.6

glide

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 79

Ex. 60

Ex. 62

Ex. 64
Ex. 80

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 59
J
Ex. 61
K
Ex. 63
L
M
Ex. 65

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
60.4
49.6

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
0.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
28.8
29.2
27.2
23.6
19.8
15.4
35.6
41.4

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
2
36

COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.5
97.5
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6
98.0
98.2

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
97.0
98.1
100.2
103.2
106.5
109.1
111.8
91.3
90.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.8
5.8
5.4
4.7
4.0
3.5
3.1
6.9
7.4

glide

Ex. 66

Ex. 68

Ex. 70

Ex. 72

Item
Unit
W
Ex. 67
N
Ex. 69
O
Ex. 71
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
42.6
38.3
35.5
31.0
28.0
25.9
23.9

R32
mass %
10.0
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
43.4
43.3
42.3
37.4
31.2
26.1
20.4

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
70
99
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
93.3
98.3
98.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9

to R410A)

Refigerating
% (relative
90.7
92.0
93.4
97.9
102.5
105.9
109.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7
7.2
6.9
5.8
4.7
4.0
3.4

glide

TABLE 10

5.5% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88
Ex. 73

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
76.1
0.0
57.6
0.0
42.7
0.0
33.0
0.0
8.8

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.8
0.0
24.7
18.1

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
76.4
0.0
57.9
0.0
42.9
61.5
69.8
67.6

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
3
170
125

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
101.8
96.4
100.5
97.2
100.3
99.4
101.2
100.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
116.2
74.6
119.9
88.9
121.5
98.7
80.0
80.0
80.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.7
12.3
2.9
8.2
2.6
5.8
12.1
10.8
11.5

glide

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 89

Ex. 75

Ex. 77

Ex. 79
Ex. 90

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 74
J
Ex. 76
K
Ex. 78
L
M
Ex. 80

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
60.7
50.3

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
0.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.5
27.3
27.7
25.7
22.1
18.3
13.9
33.8
39.2

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

GWP
—
2
69
125
299
250
299
350
2
36

COP ratio
% (relative
96.8
96.8
96.9
97.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
97.2
97.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
101.8
103.8
106.6
109.8
112.4
115.0
95.4
94.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.9
6.7
6.2
5.4
4.7
4.1
3.7
8.1
8.5

glide

Ex. 81

Ex. 83

Ex. 85

Ex. 87

Item
Unit
W
Ex. 82
N
Ex. 84
O
Ex. 86
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.3
39.0
36.3
31.6
28.4
26.2
24.2

R32
mass %
10.0
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
41.2
41.1
40.0
35.3
29.3
24.3
18.6

CO₂
mass %
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

GWP
—
70
99
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
97.5
97.6
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.7
95.9
97.4
101.6
106.1
109.3
112.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
8
8.1
7.6
6.5
5.4
4.7
4.0

glide

TABLE 11

7% CO₂

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96
Ex. 97
Ex. 98
Ex. 88

Item
Unit
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
C
D
E

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
74.6
0.0
56.1
0.0
41.2
0.0
26.8
0.0
3.1

R32
mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.6
51.8
51.6
0.0
20.5
18.1

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
74.9
0.0
56.4
0.0
41.4
66.2
72.5
71.8

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
125
125
250
250
350
350
3
141
125

COP ratio
% (relative
95.3
101.3
95.8
100.0
96.7
99.8
99.5
101.1
100.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
119.0
78.0
122.6
92.2
124.0
101.9
80.0
80.0
80.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.4
13.6
3.4
9.0
3.1
6.5
14.6
13.0
13.3

glide

Comp.

Comp.

Ex. 99

Ex. 90

Ex. 92

Ex. 94
Ex. 100

Item
Unit
I
Ex. 89
J
Ex. 91
K
Ex. 93
L
M
Ex. 95

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
60.7
50.3

R32
mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
6.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
21.0
25.8
26.2
24.2
20.6
16.8
12.4
32.3
37.7

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
299
350
2
36

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.5
96.8
97.1
97.5
98.5
96.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
104.7
105.5
107.3
110.0
113.1
115.6
118.2
99.2
98.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7.9
7.5
6.9
6.0
5.3
4.7
4.2
9.2
9.4

glide

Ex. 96

Ex. 98

Ex. 100

Ex. 102

Item
Unit
W
Ex. 97
N
Ex. 99
O
Ex. 101
P

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.7
39.5
36.7
31.9
28.6
26.4
24.2

R32
mass %
10.0
14.4
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.0
51.7

R1234yf
mass %
39.3
39.1
38.1
33.5
27.6
22.6
17.1

CO₂
mass %
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
70
99
125
188
250
298
350

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
96.9
97.0
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.6
99.7
101.1
105.2
109.5
112.7
115.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
9
8.8
8.4
7.1
6.0
5.2
4.6

glide

TABLE 12

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 101
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 103
Ex. 104
Ex. 104
Ex. 105
Ex. 106

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
mass %
78.8
68.8
58.8
48.8
38.8
28.8
18.8
8.8

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
532
465
398
331
264
197
130
63

COP ratio
% (relative
101.3
101.2
101.1
101.0
101.0
101.3
102.0
102.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
108.5
104.1
99.2
93.6
87.2
80.1
72.2
63.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.1
1.6
2.2
3.1
4.3
5.8
7.4
8.4

glide

Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 107
Ex. 108
Ex. 105
Ex. 106
Ex. 107
Ex. 109
Ex. 110
Ex. 111

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0

R32
mass %
68.8
58.8
48.8
38.8
28.8
18.8
8.8
58.8

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
465
398
331
264
197
130
62
398

COP ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.5
100.4
100.3
100.4
100.9
101.8
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
108.6
103.9
98.6
92.6
85.8
78.2
69.6
108.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.1
1.7
2.5
3.5
4.8
6.4
7.7
1.2

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 108
Ex. 109
Ex. 110
Ex. 111
Ex. 112
Ex. 113
Ex. 114
Ex. 112

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
mass %
48.8
38.8
28.8
18.8
8.8
48.8
38.8
28.8

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
331
263
196
129
62
330
263
196

COP ratio
% (relative
99.9
99.8
99.8
100.1
100.8
99.4
99.3
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
97.5
91.0
83.7
75.6
107.5
102.0
95.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.8
2.7
3.8
5.2
6.6
1.3
2.0
2.9

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 113
Ex. 114
Ex. 115
Ex. 116
Ex. 117
Ex. 115
Ex. 118
Ex. 119

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
60.0
60.0

R32
mass %
18.8
8.8
38.8
28.8
18.8
8.8
28.8
18.8

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
10.0
20.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
129
62
263
196
129
62
195
128

COP ratio
% (relative
99.5
100.0
99.0
98.9
99.0
99.4
98.7
98.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
81.1
106.2
100.3
93.7
86.2
104.5
98.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.1
5.4
1.4
2.2
3.2
4.3
1.5
2.4

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 120
Ex. 121
Ex. 122
Ex. 123
Ex. 116
Ex. 117
Ex. 118
Ex. 119

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
70.0
70.0
80.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
mass %
8.8
18.8
8.8
8.8
48.8
46.3
43.8
41.3

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
61
128
61
61
331
314
297
281

COP ratio
% (relative
99.0
98.5
98.8
98.6
100.7
100.7
100.6
100.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
102.4
95.5
99.7
96.1
94.7
93.1
91.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.3
1.7
2.5
1.9
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.6

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 126
Ex. 121
Ex. 122
Ex. 123
Ex. 124
Ex. 125
Ex. 126
Ex. 127

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
17.5
17.5
17.5

R32
mass %
38.8
36.3
33.8
31.3
28.8
48.8
46.3
43.8

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
32.5
35.0
37.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
264
247
230
214
197
331
314
297

COP ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.7
100.7
100.7
100.8
100.5
100.5
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.9
88.3
86.6
84.8
83.0
97.4
95.9
94.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.9
5.3
2.6
2.9
3.1

glide

TABLE 13

Item
Unit
Ex. 128
Ex. 129
Ex. 130
Ex. 131
Ex. 132
Ex. 133
Ex. 134
Ex. 135

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
1.5
17.5
26.0

R32
mass %
41.3
38.8
36.3
33.8
31.3
28.8
26.3
46.3

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
32.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
281
264
247
230
213
197
180
314

COP ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.5
100.5
100.5
100.6
100.6
100.7
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.9
91.3
89.6
87.9
86.2
84.4
82.6
97.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.4
2.7

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 136
Ex. 137
Ex. 138
Ex. 139
Ex. 140
Ex. 141
Ex. 142
Ex. 143

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
26.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.5
22.5

R32
mass %
43.8
41.3
36.3
33.8
31.3
26.3
46.3
43.8

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
37.5
42.5
45.0
47.5
52.5
30.0
32.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
297
280
247
230
213
180
314
297

COP ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.3
100.3
100.3
100.4
100.5
100.2
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.7
94.1
90.9
89.3
87.5
84.0
98.4
96.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.9
3.2
3.8
4.1
4.4
5.2
2.5
2.7

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 144
Ex. 145
Ex. 146
Ex. 147
Ex. 148
Ex. 149
Ex. 150
Ex. 151

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5

R32
mass %
41.3
38.8
36.3
33.8
31.3
28.8
26.3
23.8

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
37.5
50.0
52.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
280
264
247
230
213
197
180
163

COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.3
100.3
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
93.3
92.2
90.6
88.9
87.1
85.3
83.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.9
5.3

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 152
Ex. 153
Ex. 154
Ex. 155
Ex. 156
Ex. 157
Ex. 158
Ex. 159

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
27.5
27.5

R32
mass %
33.8
31.3
28.8
26.3
23.3
21.3
21.9
21.9

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.3
45.0
47.5

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
230
213
196
180
163
146
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.0
100.1
100.1
100.2
100.3
100.0
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.7
84.8
83.0
86.3
85.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.6
4.0
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.4
4.8
4.9

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 160
Ex. 161
Ex. 162
Ex. 163
Ex. 164

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
27.5
27.5
30.0
32.0
34.0

R32
mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
13.8

R1234yf
mass %
50.0
52.5
52.5
51.0
51.0

CO₂
mass %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
96

COP ratio
% (relative
100.1
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
84.5
83.7
84.2
85.1
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.1
5.2
5.0
4.9
5.5

glide

TABLE 14

Comp
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 125
Ex. 126
Ex. 127
Ex. 166
Ex. 167
Ex. 168
Ex. 128
Ex. 129

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
mass %
77.5
67.5
57.5
47.5
37.5
27.5
17.5
7.5

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
524
457
389
322
255
188
121
54

COP ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.8
100.6
100.5
100.5
100.9
101.6
102.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.6
106.2
101.2
95.5
89.1
81.9
74.0
64.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.8
2.3
3.0
4.0
5.3
7.0
8.8
10.1

glide

Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 130
Ex. 131
Ex. 169
Ex. 170
Ex. 171
Ex. 132
Ex. 133
Ex. 134

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0

R32
mass %
67.5
57.5
47.5
37.5
27.5
17.5
7.5
57.5

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
456
389
322
255
188
121
54
389

COP ratio
% (relative
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.5
101.3
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.7
106.0
100.6
94.5
87.7
80.1
71.5
110.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.8
2.5
3.3
4.4
5.9
7.7
9.3
1.9

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 172
Ex. 173
Ex. 174
Ex. 175
Ex. 135
Ex. 136
Ex. 137
Ex. 176

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
mass %
47.5
37.5
27.5
17.5
7.5
47.5
37.5
27.5

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
322
255
188
230
53
321
254
187

COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.2
99.3
99.6
100.3
98.9
98.8
98.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.3
99.5
93.0
85.7
77.5
109.6
104.1
97.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.6
3.6
4.8
6.4
8.1
2.0
2.8
3.9

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 177
Ex. 178
Ex. 138
Ex. 139
Ex. 140
Ex. 179
Ex. 141
Ex. 142

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
60.0
60.0

R32
mass %
17.5
7.5
37.5
27.5
17.5
7.5
27.5
17.5

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
10.0
20.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
120
53
254
187
120
53
187
120

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.4
98.4
98.3
98.4
98.8
98.0
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
83.1
108.4
102.5
95.9
88.4
106.8
100.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.3
6.8
2.2
3.1
4.3
5.6
2.4
3.4

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 180
Ex. 143
Ex. 144
Ex. 145
Ex. 181
Ex. 182
Ex. 183
Ex. 184

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
70.0
70.0
80.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
mass %
7.5
17.5
7.5
7.5
50.0
47.5
45.0
42.5

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
52
119
52
52
339
322
305
289

COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
97.9
98.1
98.0
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
104.7
97.8
102.1
99.6
98.1
96.6
95.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.6
2.7
3.8
3.0
3.4
3.6
3.9
4.2

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 185
Ex. 186
Ex. 187
Ex. 188
Ex. 189
Ex. 190
Ex. 191
Ex. 192

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
17.5

R32
mass %
40.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
50.0

R1234yf
mass %
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
30.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
272
255
238
222
205
188
171
339

COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.3
100.4
100.5
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
91.9
90.2
88.5
86.7
84.9
83.0
100.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.5
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.9
3.2

glide

TABLE 15

Item
Unit
Ex. 193
Ex. 194
Ex. 195
Ex. 196
Ex. 197
Ex. 198
Ex. 199
Ex. 200

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5

R32
mass %
47.5
45.0
42.5
40.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
322
305
289
272
255
238
221
205

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
99.4
97.9
96.4
94.8
93.2
91.5
89.8
88.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.3
5.7

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 201
Ex. 202
Ex. 203
Ex. 204
Ex. 205
Ex. 206
Ex. 207
Ex. 208

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
17.5
27.5
17.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
mass %
27.5
25.0
22.5
50.0
45.0
42.5
40.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
52.5
55.0
57.5
27.5
32.5
35.0
37.5
42.5

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
188
171
154
339
305
289
272
238

COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
100.3
100.4
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.3
84.4
82.6
102.0
99.2
97.7
96.1
92.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.2
8.6
7.0
3.1
2.5
3.8
4.1
4.7

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 209
Ex. 210
Ex. 211
Ex. 212
Ex. 213
Ex. 214
Ex. 215
Ex. 216

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.5
22.5
22.5

R32
mass %
32.5
30.0
25.0
22.5
20.0
50.0
47.5
45.0

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
52.5
55.0
57.5
25.0
27.5
30.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
221
205
171
154
138
339
322
305

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.2
100.3
99.8
99.7
99.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.2
89.5
85.9
84.0
82.1
103.2
101.8
100.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.1
5.5
6.3
6.7
7.2
2.9
3.1
3.4

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 217
Ex. 218
Ex. 219
Ex. 220
Ex. 221
Ex. 222
Ex. 223
Ex. 224

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5

R32
mass %
42.5
40.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
288
272
255
238
221
205
188
171

COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.9
97.4
95.8
94.2
92.5
90.8
89.0
87.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.6
3.2
4.2
4.5
4.9
5.2
5.6
6.0

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 225
Ex. 226
Ex. 227
Ex. 228
Ex. 229
Ex. 230
Ex. 231
Ex. 232

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
22.5
22.5
22.5
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
mass %
22.5
20.0
17.3
40.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
52.5
53.0
57.5
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
154
137
121
222
255
238
221
204

COP ratio
% (relative
99.9
100.1
100.2
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.4
83.5
81.5
98.6
97.1
95.5
93.8
92.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.5
6.9
7.3
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
5.0

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 233
Ex. 234
Ex. 235
Ex. 236
Ex. 237
Ex. 238
Ex. 239
Ex. 240

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
27.5
27.5
27.5

R32
mass %
27.5
25.0
22.5
20.0
17.5
32.5
30.0
27.5

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
37.5
40.0
42.5

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
188
171
154
137
121
221
204
188

COP ratio
% (relative
99.6
99.6
99.7
99.9
100.0
99.4
99.4
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.4
88.6
86.8
84.9
83.0
95.1
93.4
91.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.4
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.0
4.4
4.7
5.1

glide

TABLE 16

Item
Unit
Ex. 241
Ex. 242
Ex. 243
Ex. 244
Ex. 245
Ex. 246
Ex. 247
Ex. 248

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
mass %
25.0
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
25.0
22.5
20.0

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
42.5
45.0
47.5

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
171
154
137
121
104
171
154
137

COP ratio
% (relative
99.5
99.5
99.6
99.8
99.9
99.3
99.4
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.9
88.1
86.3
84.3
82.4
91.3
89.5
87.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.5
5.9
6.3
6.7
7.2
5.2
5.6
6.0

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 249
Ex. 250
Ex. 251
Ex. 252
Ex. 253
Ex. 254
Ex. 255
Ex. 256

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
30.0
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
35.0
35.0

R32
mass %
15.0
12.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
15.0
12.5

R1234yf
mass %
52.5
55.0
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
104
87
137
120
104
87
104
87

COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
99.9
99.3
99.4
99.5
99.7
99.3
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
83.8
81.8
88.9
87.1
85.1
83.1
86.5
84.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.8
7.3
5.7
6.1
6.5
7.9
6.2
6.8

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 257
Ex. 258
Ex. 259
Ex. 260
Ex. 261
Ex. 262
Ex. 263
Ex. 264

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
35.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
42.5
42.5

R32
mass %
10.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
10.0
5.0
7.5
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
52.5
47.5
50.0
52.5
47.5
52.5
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
70
87
70
53
70
36
53
36

COP ratio
% (relative
99.6
99.3
99.4
99.6
99.3
99.6
99.3
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
82.5
85.8
83.8
81.8
85.2
81.0
84.5
82.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7.1
6.3
6.7
7.1
6.4
7.2
6.5
6.9

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 265
Ex. 266
Ex. 267
Ex. 268
Ex. 269
Ex. 270
Ex. 271

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
45.0
45.0
47.5
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0

R32
mass %
5.0
2.5
4.0
1.5
2.5
1.5
1.0

R1234yf
mass %
47.5
50.0
46.0
48.5
45.0
43.5
41.5

CO₂
mass %
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

GWP
—
36
19
29
13
19
12
9

COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.4
99.2
99.3
99.1
99.1
99.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
83.7
81.6
84.2
82.0
84.2
84.7
85.6

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.6
6.9
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.2
5.9

glide

TABLE 17

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 146
Ex. 147
Ex. 148
Ex. 272
Ex. 273
Ex. 274
Ex. 149
Ex. 350

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
mass %
76.0
66.0
56.0
46.0
36.0
26.0
16.0
6.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
514
446
379
312
245
178
111
44

COP ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.4
101.2
102.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
113.0
108.6
103.5
97.8
91.3
84.1
76.1
66.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.5
3.1
3.9
5.0
6.4
8.3
10.4
12.2

glide

Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 146
Ex. 147
Ex. 275
Ex. 276
Ex. 277
Ex. 278
Ex. 153
Ex. 154

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0

R32
mass %
66.0
56.0
46.0
36.0
26.0
16.0
6.0
56.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
446
379
312
245
178
111
44
379

COP ratio
% (relative
99.6
99.5
99.3
99.2
99.4
100.0
100.9
98.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
113.1
108.4
103.0
96.8
89.9
82.3
73.7
112.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.6
3.3
4.2
5.5
7.1
9.2
11.2
2.7

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 279
Ex. 280
Ex. 281
Ex. 282
Ex. 155
Ex. 156
Ex. 157
Ex. 283

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
mass %
46.0
36.0
26.0
16.0
6.0
46.0
36.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
312
245
177
110
43
311
244
177

COP ratio
% (relative
98.7
98.6
98.7
99.0
99.8
98.3
98.1
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
101.9
95.4
88.0
79.9
112.1
106.6
100.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.5
4.6
6.0
7.8
9.8
2.8
3.8
5.0

glide

Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 284
Ex. 285
Ex. 158
Ex. 159
Ex. 286
Ex. 287
Ex. 160
Ex. 161

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
40.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
60.0
60.0

R32
mass %
16.0
6.0
36.0
26.0
16.0
6.0
26.0
16.0

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
10.0
20.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
110
43
244
177
110
43
177
109

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.8
97.7
97.7
97.8
98.2
97.3
97.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.4
85.6
110.9
105.0
98.4
90.9
109.3
103.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.6
8.4
3.1
4.1
5.5
7.1
3.4
4.6

glide

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 288
Ex. 162
Ex. 163
Ex. 164
Ex. 289
Ex. 290
Ex. 291
Ex. 292

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
70.0
70.0
30.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
mass %
6.0
16.0
6.0
6.0
48.5
46.0
43.5
41.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
42
109
42
42
329
312
295
279

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.2
97.4
97.2
99.7
99.6
99.6
99.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.9
107.3
100.5
104.9
101.9
100.4
98.9
97.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.0
3.8
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 293
Ex. 294
Ex. 295
Ex. 296
Ex. 297
Ex. 298
Ex. 299
Ex. 300

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
mass %
38.5
36.0
33.5
31.0
28.5
26.0
23.5
21.0

R1234yf
mass %
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
60.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
262
245
228
211
195
178
161
144

COP ratio
% (relative
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.8
94.1
92.4
90.7
88.9
87.1
85.2
83.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
5.6
5.9
6.3
6.8
7.2
7.7
8.2
8.7

glide

TABLE 18

Item
Unit
Ex. 301
Ex. 302
Ex. 303
Ex. 304
Ex. 305
Ex. 306
Ex. 307
Ex. 308

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5

R32
mass %
18.5
48.5
46.0
43.5
41.0
38.5
36.0
33.5

R1234yf
mass %
62.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
128
329
312
295
278
262
245
228

COP ratio
% (relative
100.4
99.5
99.5
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
81.3
103.1
101.7
100.2
98.7
97.1
95.5
93.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
9.3
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.0
5.3
5.7
6.1

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 309
Ex. 310
Ex. 311
Ex. 312
Ex. 313
Ex. 314
Ex. 315
Ex. 316

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
20.0
20.0

R32
mass %
31.0
28.5
26.0
23.5
21.0
18.5
48.5
43.5

R1234yf
mass %
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
60.0
27.5
32.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
211
195
178
161
144
127
329
295

COP ratio
% (relative
99.5
99.5
99.6
99.8
99.9
100.1
99.3
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.1
90.3
88.5
86.7
84.8
82.8
104.4
101.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.5
7.0
7.4
7.9
8.4
9.0
4.0
4.5

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 317
Ex. 318
Ex. 319
Ex. 320
Ex. 321
Ex. 322
Ex. 323
Ex. 324

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
mass %
41.0
38.5
33.5
31.0
28.5
23.5
21.0
18.5

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
37.5
42.5
45.0
47.5
52.5
55.0
57.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
278
262
228
211
195
161
144
127

COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.2
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.5
99.6
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.0
98.4
95.2
93.5
91.7
88.1
86.2
84.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.8
5.1
5.8
6.2
6.7
7.6
8.1
8.6

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 325
Ex. 326
Ex. 327
Ex. 328
Ex. 329
Ex. 330
Ex. 331
Ex. 332

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5

R32
mass %
48.5
46.0
43.5
41.0
38.5
36.0
33.5
31.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
27.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
329
312
295
278
262
245
228
211

COP ratio
% (relative
99.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
104.2
102.7
101.3
99.7
98.1
96.5
94.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.6
6.0

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 333
Ex. 334
Ex. 335
Ex. 336
Ex. 337
Ex. 338
Ex. 339
Ex. 340

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
25.0

R32
mass %
28.5
26.0
23.5
21.0
18.5
16.0
13.5
43.5

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
60.0
27.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
194
178
161
144
127
111
94
295

COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.5
99.7
99.9
99.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.1
91.3
89.5
87.7
85.8
83.8
81.8
104.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.8
9.3
4.1

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 341
Ex. 342
Ex. 343
Ex. 344
Ex. 345
Ex. 346
Ex. 347
Ex. 348

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
mass %
41.0
38.5
36.0
33.5
31.0
28.5
26.0
23.5

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
278
261
245
228
211
194
178
161

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
98.9
98.9
98.9
98.9
99.0
99.0
99.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
102.5
101.0
99.4
97.8
96.1
94.4
92.7
90.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.4
4.7
5.6
5.4
5.7
6.1
6.5
7.0

glide

TABLE 19

Item
Unit
Ex. 349
Ex. 350
Ex. 351
Ex. 352
Ex. 353
Ex. 354
Ex. 355
Ex. 356

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5

R32
mass %
21.0
18.5
16.0
13.5
35.0
31.0
28.5
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
144
127
110
94
238
211
194
178

COP ratio
% (relative
99.2
99.3
99.5
99.7
98.8
98.8
98.8
98.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
87.2
35.2
83.2
99.4
97.4
95.8
94.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
5.0
5.5
5.9
6.3

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 357
Ex. 358
Ex. 359
Ex. 360
Ex. 361
Ex. 362
Ex. 363
Ex. 364

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
30.0
30.0

R32
mass %
23.5
21.0
18.5
16.0
13.5
11.0
23.5
21.0

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
42.5
45.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
161
144
127
110
94
77
161
144

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.0
99.1
99.2
99.4
99.6
98.7
98.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
90.4
88.6
86.7
84.7
82.6
93.6
91.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
6.7
7.2
7.6
8.1
8.7
9.2
6.4
6.9

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 365
Ex. 366
Ex. 367
Ex. 368
Ex. 369
Ex. 400
Ex. 401
Ex. 402

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5

R32
mass %
18.5
13.5
11.0
8.5
21.0
18.5
16.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
47.5
52.5
55.0
57.5
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
127
94
77
60
144
127
110
239

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.2
99.3
99.5
98.6
98.7
98.8
99.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.9
85.1
84.1
82.0
93.1
91.3
89.4
94.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7.3
8.3
8.8
9.3
6.6
7.0
7.0
5.5

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 403
Ex. 404
Ex. 405
Ex. 406
Ex. 407
Ex. 408
Ex. 409
Ex. 410

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.5
32.5
32.5
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
mass %
11.0
8.5
6.0
16.0
13.5
11.0
8.5
6.0

R1234yf
mass %
52.5
55.0
57.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
77
60
43
110
93
77
60
43

COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.3
99.5
98.6
98.7
98.9
99.1
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.5
83.4
81.3
90.8
88.8
86.9
84.8
82.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
8.5
9.0
9.5
7.2
7.6
8.1
8.6
9.1

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 411
Ex. 412
Ex. 413
Ex. 414
Ex. 415
Ex. 416
Ex. 417
Ex. 418

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
mass %
13.5
11.0
8.5
6.0
3.5
11.0
8.5
3.5

R1234yf
mass %
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
45.0
47.5
52.5

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
93
77
60
43
26
76
60
26

COP ratio
% (relative
98.6
98.7
98.9
99.0
99.2
98.5
98.7
99.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.2
88.2
86.2
84.2
82.0
89.8
87.6
83.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.8
9.2
7.5
7.9
8.9

glide

Item
Unit
Ex. 419
Ex. 420
Ex. 421
Ex. 422
Ex. 423
Ex. 424
Ex. 425
Ex. 426

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.5
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
mass %
1.0
8.5
35.0
3.5
1.0
6.0
3.5
1.0

R1234yf
mass %
55.0
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
45.0
47.5
50.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
9
60
239
26
9
43
26
9

COP ratio
% (relative
99.2
98.5
98.8
98.8
99.0
98.5
98.6
98.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
81.2
88.9
95.6
84.8
82.6
88.3
86.2
84.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

Condensation
° C.
9.3
7.6
5.0
8.5
9.0
7.8
8.2
8.7

glide

TABLE 20

Item
Unit
Ex. 427
Ex. 428
Ex. 429
Ex. 430
Ex. 431
Ex. 432

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.5
47.5
50.0
50.0
52.5
55.0

R32
mass %
4.5
2.0
3.5
1.0
2.0
1.0

R1234yf
mass %
44.0
46.5
42.5
45.0
41.5
40.0

CO₂
mass %
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
33
16
26
9
16
9

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.4
98.6
98.3
98.5
98.3
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.4
86.3
88.9
86.8
88.9
89.4

capacity ratio
R410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
7.7
8.1
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.4

The results indicate that when the mass % of CO₂, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, in the ternary composition diagrams of FIGS. 2 to 9 in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass %, when coordinates (x, y, z) are on the straight line A″B″, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 350, and when the coordinates are on the right side of the straight line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 350. The results also indicate that in the ternary composition diagrams of FIGS. 2 to 9, when coordinates (x, y, z) are on the straight line A′B′, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 250, and when the coordinates are on the right side of the straight line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 250. The results further indicate that in the ternary composition diagrams of FIGS. 2 to 9, when coordinates (x, y, z) are on the straight line AB, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 125, and when the coordinates are on the right side of the straight line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 125.

It is found that the straight line connecting points D and C is positioned at the slightly left side of the curve connecting points at which the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 80%. Accordingly, it is indicated that when the coordinates (x, y, z) are on the left side of the straight line connecting points D and C, the refrigerating capacity of the mixed refrigerant is 80% or more relative to R410A.

Coordinates of points A and B, A′ and B′, and A″ and B″ were determined by obtaining the approximate expression based on each of the points shown in the tables. Specifically, calculation was performed according to Table 11 (points A and B), Table 12 (points A′ and B′), and Table 13 (points A″ and B″).

TABLE 21

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂> O
4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2
7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

Point A

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
81.6
81.0
80.4
80.4
79.1
77.6
77.6
76.1
74.6

R32
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.4

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−w + 81.6
−w + 81.6
−w + 81.6

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
18.4
18.4
18.4

expression

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

Point B

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1

R1234yf
81.9
81.3
80.7
80.7
79.4
77.9
77.9
76.4
74.9

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
18.1
18.1
18.1

expression

R1234yf
−w + 81.9
−w + 81.9
−w + 81.9

approximate

expression

TABLE 22

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂> O
4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2
7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

Point A′

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
63.1
62.5
61.9
61.9
60.6
59.1
59.1
57.6
56.1

R32
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−w + 63.1
−w + 63.1
−w + 63.1

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
36.9
36.9
36.9

expression

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

Point B′

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
36.7
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6

R1234yf
63.3
62.7
62.2
62.2
60.9
59.4
59.4
57.9
56.4

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
−0.0833w + 36.717
36.6
36.6

expression

R1234yf
−0.9167w + 63.283
−w + 63.4
−w + 63.4

approximate

expression

TABLE 23

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂> O
4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2
7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

Point A″

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
48.2
47.6
47.0
47.0
45.7
44.2
44.2
42.7
41.2

R32
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−w + 48.2
−w + 48.2
−w + 48.2

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
51.3
51.8
51.8

expression

R1234yf
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

Point B″

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
51.5
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6

R1234yf
49.5
47.8
47.2
47.2
45.9
44.4
44.4
42.9
41.4

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
−1.5278w²+ 2.75w + 50.5
51.6
51.6

expression

R1234yf
1.5278w²− 3.75w + 49.5
−w + 48.4
−w + 48.4

approximate

expression

Coordinates of points C to G were determined by obtaining the approximate expression based on each of the points shown in the above tables. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 14.

TABLE 24

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂> O
4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2
7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

Point C

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
58.3
55.4
52.4
52.4
46.2
39.5
39.5
33.0
26.8

R32
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
41.7
44.0
46.4
46.4
51.3
56.5
56.5
61.5
66.2

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−4.9167w + 58.317
0.1081w²−
0.0667w²−

approximate

5.169w + 58.447
4.9667w + 58.3

expression

R32 approximate
0.0
0.0
0.0

expression

R1234yf
3.9167w + 41.683
−0.1081w²+
−0.0667w²+

approximate

4.169w + 41.553
3.9667w + 41.7

expression

Point D

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
40.3
38.6
36.8
36.8
33.2
28.9
28.9
24.7
20.5

R1234yf
59.7
60.8
62.0
62.0
64.3
67.1
67.1
69.8
72.5

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.0
0.0
0.0

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
−2.9167w + 40.317
−2.8226w + 40.211
−2.8w + 40.1

expression

R1234yf
1.9167w + 59.683
1.8226w + 59.789
1.6w + 59.9

approximate

expression

Point E

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
31.9
29.6
26.5
26.5
20.9
14.7
14.7
8.8
3.1

R32
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1

R1234yf
49.9
51.6
54.1
54.1
58.4
63.2
63.2
67.6
71.8

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−1.1111w²−
0.0623w²−
0.0444w²−

approximate
3.1667w + 31.9
4.5381w + 31.856
4.3556w + 31.411

expression

R32 approximate
18.2
−0.0365w + 18.26
18.1

expression

R1234yf
1.1111w²+
−0.0623w²+
−0.0444w²+

approximate
2.1667w + 49.9
3.5746w + 49.884
3.3556w + 50.489

expression

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂≥ O
1.3 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2

Point F

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
1.3

E-HFO-1132
5.2
2.7
0.3
0.3
0

R32
36.7
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6

R1234yf
58.1
60.0
61.9
61.9
62.1

CO₂
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−4.0833w + 5.1833
−3.0w + 3.9

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
−0.0833w + 36.717
36.6

expression

R1234yf
3.1666w + 58.0997
2.0w + 59.5

approximate

expression

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂≥ O

Point G

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2

E-HFO-1132
26.2
29.6
38.1

R32
22.2
18.2
10.0

R1234yf
51.6
51.6
50.7

CO₂
w

HFO-1132(E)
7.0833w²+ 1.4167w + 26.2

approximate

expression

R32 approximate
−5.8333w²− 3.1667w + 22.2

expression

R1234yf
−1.25w²+ 0.75w + 51.6

approximate

expression

TABLE 25

Item
1.2 ≥ CO₂> O
4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2
7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

Point M

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
52.6
55.4
58.0
58.0
59.7
60.4
0.0
33.0
26.8

R32
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R1234yf
47.4
44.0
40.8
40.8
37.8
35.6
56.5
61.5
66.2

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
−0.2778w²+
−0.3004w²+
−0.0667w²+

approximate
4.8333w + 52.6
2.419w + 55.53
0.8333w + 58.133

expression

R32 approximate
0.0
0.0
0.0

expression

R1234yf
0.2778w²−
0.3004w²−
0.0667w²−

approximate
5.8333w + 47.4
3.419w + 44.47
1.8333w + 41.867

expression

Point W

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
32.4
35.1
38.1
38.1
40.9
42.6
42.6
43.3
43.7

R32
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R1234yf
57.6
54.3
50.7
50.7
46.6
43.4
43.4
41.2
39.3

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.4167w²+
−0.3645w²+
−0.0667w²+

approximate
4.25w + 32.4
3.5024w + 34.422
1.1w + 39.267

expression

R32 approximate
10.0
10.0
10.0

expression

R1234yf
−0.4167w²−
0.3645w²−
0.0667w²−

approximate
5.25w + 57.6
4.5024w + 55.578
2.12w + 50.733

expression

Point N

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
27.7
29.6
31.7
31.7
34.2
35.5
35.5
36.3
36.7

R32
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2

R1234yf
54.1
51.6
48.9
48.9
45.1
42.3
42.3
40.0
38.1

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.2778w²+
−0.3773w²+
−0.0889w²+

approximate
3.0w + 27.7
3.319w + 28.26
1.3778w + 31.411

expression

R32 approximate
18.2
18.2
18.2

expression

R1234yf
−0.2778w²−
0.3773w²−
0.0889w²−

approximate
4.0w + 54.1
4.319w + 53.54
2.3778w + 50.389

expression

Point O

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
22.6
24.0
25.4
25.4
27.2
28.0
28.0
28.4
28.6

R32
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8

R1234yf
40.6
38.6
36.0
36.0
33.5
31.2
31.2
29.3
27.6

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
0.8333w²+
−0.1392w²+
−0.0444w²+

approximate
1.8333w + 22.6
1.4381w + 24.475
0.6889w + 25.956

expression

R32 approximate
36.8
36.8
36.8

expression

R1234yf
−0.8333w²−
0.139w²−
0.0444w²−

approximate
2.8333w + 40.6
2.4381w + 33.725
1.6889w + 37.244

expression

Point P

CO₂
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.5
7.0

E-HFO-1132
20.5
20.9
22.1
22.1
23.4
23.9
23.9
24.2
24.2

R32
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7

R1234yf
27.8
26.8
25.0
25.0
22.4
20.4
20.4
18.6
17.1

CO₂
w
w
w

HFO-1132(E)
1.1111w²+ 20.5
−0.2381w²+
−0.0667w²+

approximate

1.681w + 20.186
0.8333w + 21.633

expression

R32 approximate
51.7
51.7
51.7

expression

R1234yf
−1.1111w²−
0.2381w²−
0.0667w²−

approximate
w + 27.3
2.881w + 28.114
1.8333w + 26.667

expression

Coordinates of points on the curves IJ, JK, and Kb were determined by obtaining the approximate expression based on each of the points shown in the above tables. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 15.

TABLE 26

Kind of refrigerant
I
Example
J
J
Example
K
K
Example
L

CO₂
R32
0.0
10.0
18.3
18.3
27.6
36.8
36.8
44.2
51.7

0.0
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
28.0
32.8
33.2
33.2
31.2
27.6
27.6
23.8
19.4

0.6
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
27.4
32.2
32.6
32.6
30.6
27.0
27.0
23.2
18.8

1.2
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
26.8
31.6
32.0
32.0
30.0
26.4
26.4
22.6
18.2

2.5
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
25.5
30.3
30.7
30.7
28.7
25.1
25.1
21.3
16.9

4.0
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
24.0
28.8
29.2
29.2
27.2
23.6
23.6
19.8
15.4

5.5
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
22.5
27.3
27.7
27.7
15.7
22.1
22.1
18.3
13.9

7.0
E-HFO-1132
72.0
57.2
48.5
48.5
41.2
35.6
35.6
32.0
28.9

R1234yf
21.0
25.8
26.2
26.2
24.2
20.6
20.6
16.8
12.4

w = CO₂
E-HFO-1132
0.0236x²−
0.0095x²−
0.0049x²−

approximate
1.716x + 72.0
1.2222x + 67.676
0.8842x + 61.488

expression

When x = R32,

R1234yf
−0.0236x²+
−0.0095x²+
−0.0049x²−

0.716x + 28.0 − w
0.2222x + 32.324 − w
0.1158x + 38.512 − w

Coordinates of points on the curves MW and WM were determined by obtaining the approximate expression based on each of the points shown in the above tables. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 16 (when 0 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤1.2 mass %), Table 17 (when 1.2 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤4.0 mass %), and Table 18 (4.0 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤7.0 mass %).

TABLE 27

1.2 ≥ CO₂> 0

M
Ex.
W
W
Ex.
N

Item
0.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
14.5
18.2

CO₂= 0 mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
32.4
29.3
27.7

When x = R32,
0.132x²− 3.34x + 52.6
0.0313x²− 1.4551x + 43.824

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 0.6 mass %
55.4
42.4
35.1
35.1
31.6
29.6

When x = R32,
0.114x²− 3.17x + 55.4
0.0289x²− 1.4866x + 47.073

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 1.2 mass %
58.0
45.2
38.1
38.1
34.0
31.7

When x = R32,
0.114x²− 3.13x + 58.0
0.0353x²− 1.776x + 52.330

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
0.025w²− 0.045w + 0.132
0.0122w²− 0.0113w + 0.0313

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
−0.1806w²+ 0.3917w − 3.34
−0.3582w²+ 0.1624w − 1.4551

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
−0.2778w²+ 4.8333w + 52.6
2.7889w²+ 3.7417w + 43.824

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
(0.025w²− 0.045w + 0.132)x²+
(0.0122w²− 0.0113w + 0.0313)x²+

1.2 ≥ w > 0
(−0.1806w²+ 0.3917w − 3.34)x +
(−0.3582w²+ 0.1624w − 1.4551)x +

E-HFO-1132
(−0.2778w²+ 4.8333w + 52.6)
(2.7889w²+ 3.7417w + 43.824)

approximate

expression

R1234yf

100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

TABLE 28

4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2

M
Ex.
W
W
Ex.
N

Item
0.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
14.5
18.2

CO₂= 1.2 mass %
58
45.2
38.1
38.1
34
31.7

When x = R32,
0.114x²− 3.13x + 58.0
0.0353x²− 1.776x + 52.330

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 2.5 mass %
59.7
48.1
40.9
40.9
36.9
34.2

When x = R32,
0.088x²− 2.76x + 59.7
0.0194x²− 1.3644x − 52.603

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 4.0 mass %
60.4
49.6
42.6
42.6
38.3
35.5

When x = R32,
0.076x²− 2.54x + 60.4
0.0242x²− 1.5495x + 55.671

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
0.0043w²− 0.0359w + 0.1509
0.0055w²− 0.0326w − 0.0665

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
−0.0493w²+ 0.4669w − 3.6193
−0.1571w²+ 0.8981w − 2.6274

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
−0.3004w²+ 2.419w + 55.53
0.6555w2 − 2.2153w + 54.044

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
(0.0043w²− 0.0359w + 0.1509)x²+
(0.0055w²− 0.0326w + 0.0665)x²+

4.0 ≥ w ≥ 1.2
(−0.0493w²+ 0.4669w − 3.6193)x +
(−0.157w²+ 0.8981w − 2.6274)x +

E-HFO-1132
(−0.3004w²+ 2.419w + 55.53)
(0.6555w²− 2.2153w + 54.044)

approximate

expression

R1234yf
100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

TABLE 29

7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

M
Example
W
W
Example
N

Item
0.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
14.5
18.2

CO₂= 4.0 mass %
60.4
49.6
42.6
42.6
38.3
35.5

When x = R32,
0.076x²− 2.54x + 60.4
0.0242x²− 1.5495x + 55.671

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 5.5 mass %
60.7
50.3
43.3
43.3
39
36.3

When x = R32,
0.068x²− 2.42x + 60.7
0.0275x²− 1.6303x + 56.849

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 7.0 mass %
60.7
50.3
43.7
43.7
39.5
36.7

When x = R32,
0.076x²− 2.46x + 60.7
0.0215x²− 1.4609x + 56.156

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
0.00357w²− 0.0391w + 0.1756
−0.00206w²+ 0.0218w − 0.0301

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
−0.0356w²+ 0.4178w − 3.6422
0.0556w²− 0.5821w − 0.1108

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
−0.0667w²+ 0.8333w + 58.103
−04158w²+ 4.7352w + 43.383

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
(0.00357w²− 0.0391w + 0.1759)x²+
(−0.002061w²+ 0.0218w − 0.0301)x²+

7.0 ≥ w ≥ 4.0
(−0.0356w²+ 0.4178w − 3.6422)x +
(0.0556w²− 0.5821w + 0.1108)x +

E-HFO-1132
(−0.0667w²+ 0.833w + 58.103)
(−0.4158w²+ 4.7352w + 43.383)

approximate

expression

R1234yf
100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

Coordinates of points on the curves NO and OP were determined by obtaining the approximate expression based on each of the points shown in the above tables. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 19 (when 0 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤1.2 mass %), Table 20 (when 1.2 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤4.0 mass %), and Table 21 (4.0 mass % <CO₂concentration ≤7.0 mass %).

TABLE 30

1.2 ≥ CO₂> 0

N
Example
O
O
Example
P

Item
18.2
27.6
36.8
36.8
44.2
51.7

CO₂= 0 mass %
27.7
24.5
22.6
22.6
21.2
20.5

When x = R32,
0.0072x²− 0.6701x + 37.512
0.0064x²− 0.7103x + 40.07

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 0.6 mass %
29.6
26.3
24
24
22.4
20.9

When x = R32,
0.0054x²− 0.5999x + 38.719
0.0011x²− 0.3044x + 33.727

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 1.2 mass %
31.7
27.9
25.4
25.4
23.7
22.1

When x = R32,
0.0071x²− 0.7306x + 42.636
0.0011x²− 0.3189x + 35.644

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
0.00487w²− 0.0059w + 0.0072
0.0074w²− 0.0133w + 0.0064

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
−0.279w²+ 0.2844w − 0.6701
−0.5839w²+ 1.0268w − 0.7103

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
3.763w²− 0.2467w + 37.512
11.472w²− 17.455w + 40.07

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
(0.00487w²− 0.0059w + 0.0072)x²+
(0.0074w²− 0.0133w + 0.0064)x²+

1.2 ≥ w > 0
(−0.279w²+ 0.2844w − 0.6701)x +
(−0.5839w²+ 1.0268w − 0.7103)x +

E-HFO-1132
(3.7639w²− 0.2467w + 37.512)
(11.472w²− 17.455w − 40.07)

approximate

expression

R1234yf
100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

TABLE 31

4.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 1.2

N
Ex.
O
O
Ex.
P

Item
18.2
27.6
36.8
36.8
44.2
51.7

CO₂= 1.2 mass %
31.7
27.9
25.4
25.4
23.7
22.1

When x = R32,
0.0071x²− 0.7306x + 42.636
0.0011x²− 0.3189x + 35.644

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 2.5 mass %
34.2
29.9
27.2
27.2
25.2
23.4

When x = R32,
0.0088x²− 0.8612x + 46.954
0.002x²− 0.4348x + 40.5

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 4.0 mass %
35.5
31
28
28
25.9
23.9

When x = R32,
0.0082x²− 0.8546x + 48.335
0.0011x²− 0.3768x + 40.412

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
−0.00062w²+ 0.0036w + 0.0037
−0.000463w²+ 0.0024w − 0.0011

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
0.0375w²− 0.239w − 0.4977
0.0457w²− 0.2581w − 0.075

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
−0.8575w²+ 6.4941w + 36.078
−1.355w²+ 8.749w + 27.096

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
(−0.00062w²+ 0.0036w + 0.0037)x²+
(−0.000463w²+ 0.0024w − 0.0011)x²+

4.0 ≥ w ≥ 1.2
(0.0375w²− 0.239w − 0.4977)x +
(0.0457w²− 0.2581w − 0.075)x +

E-HFO-1132
(−0.8575w²+ 6.4941w + 36.078)
(−1.355w²+ 8.749w + 27.096)

approximate

expression

R1234yf
100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

TABLE 32

7.0 ≥ CO₂≥ 4.0

N
Ex.
O
O
Ex.
P

Item
18.2
27.6
36.8
36.8
44.2
51.7

CO₂= 4.0 mass %
35.5
31.0
28.0
28.0
25.9
23.9

When x = R32,
0.0082x²− 0.8546x + 48.335
0.0011x²− 0.3768x + 40.412

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 5.5 mass %
36.3
31.6
28.4
28.4
26.2
24.2

When x = R32,
0.0082x²− 0.8747x + 49.51
0.0021x²− 0.4638x + 42.584

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

CO₂= 7.0 mass %
36.7
31.9
28.6
28.6
26.4
24.2

When x = R32,
0.0082x²− 0.3348x + 50.097
0.0003x²− 0.3188x + 39.923

E-HFO-1132

approximate

expression

Approximate expression of coefficients a, b, and c when w = CO₂

concentration in E-HFO-1132 approximate expression ax²+ bx + c

Coefficient a
0.0082
−0.0006258w²+ 0.0066w − 0.0153

approximate

expression

Coefficient b
0.0022w²− 0.0345w − 0.7521
0.0516w²− 0.5478w + 0.9894

approximate

expression

Coefficient c
−0.1307w²+ 2.0247w + 42.327
−1.074w²+ 11.651w + 10.992

approximate

expression

x = R32, w = CO₂
0.0082x²+
(−0.0006258w²+ 0.0066w − 0.0153)x²+

7.0 ≥ w ≥ 4.0
(0.0022w²− 0.0345w − 0.7521)x +
(0.0516w²− 0.5478w + 0.9894)x +

E-HFO-1132
(−0.1307w²+ 2.0247w + 42.327)
(−1.07w²+ 11.651w + 10.992)

approximate

expression

R1234yf
100 − w − x − y
100 − w − x − y

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

1: Sample cell

2: High-speed camera

3: Xenon lamp

4: Collimating lens

5: Collimating lens

6: Ring filter

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	PCT/JP2020/016787	Apr 2020	US
Child	17502354		US

COMPOSITION INCLUDING REFRIGERANT, USE THEREOF, REFRIGERATOR HAVING SAME, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAID REFRIGERATOR

Information

Publication Number

Date Filed

Date Published

Inventors

Original Assignees

CPC

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (1)

Continuations (1)