Patent Application
20080200356
The present invention relates to compositions comprising boric acid, for example, a multiphase distillate fuel emulsion composition or a grease composition.
Boric acid is environmentally safe, inexpensive, and has an unusual capacity to enhance the antifriction and antiwear properties of sliding metal surfaces. Boric acid is a crystalline compound, insoluble in hydrocarbons such as distillate fuels.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a multiphase distillate fuel composition is provided including an emulsion comprising a first phase comprising a diesel fuel; a second phase comprising glycerol and boric acid; and a surfactant.
According to another aspect of the invention, a lubricant composition is provided comprising a grease and a mixture of boric acid with different particle sizes.
As used herein “substantially”, “relatively”, “generally”, “about”, and “approximately” are relative modifiers intended to indicate permissible variation from the characteristic so modified. They are not intended to be limited to the absolute value or characteristic which it modifies but rather approaching or approximating such a physical or functional characteristic.
In the detailed description, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “in embodiments” mean that the feature being referred to is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Moreover, separate references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “in embodiments” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment; however, neither are such embodiments mutually exclusive, unless so stated, and except as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the invention can include any variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.
Given the following enabling description of the drawings, the method should become evident to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The present invention relates compositions comprising boric acid, for example, a multiphase distillate fuel emulsion composition or a grease composition.
According to the present invention, a multiphase emulsion composition comprises (1) a first phase comprising a distillate fuel or lubricant; and (2) a second phase comprising boric acid and a liquid solvent for boric acid, but which is immiscible in the first phase; and (3) a surfactant.
The distillate fuel may include, but is not limited to, diesel fuel and, in particular, low sulfur (i.e., less than 0.05 mass percent sulfur) diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, and mixtures of these fuels. The distillate fuel, itself, may be a conventional petroleum distillate or may be synthesized, e.g., by the Fischer-Tropsh method or the like.
The lubricant may include, but is not limited to, engine oils, hydraulic fluids, transmission fluids, cutting oils, machine oils, metal press forming oils, chain lubricating oils, metal working fluids, mold release fluids, synthetic oils, and greases.
The boric acid typically has a particle size of 100 microns or less. In embodiments, the boric acid may have a particle size of about 1 micron to about 65 microns, for example, about 5 to about 25 microns. In additional embodiments, the boric acid may have a particle size from about 0.1 to about 5 microns, for example, from about 0.5 to about 1 micron. The boric acid particles may be produced by the low temperature jet-milling of commercially available boric acid.
Suitable liquids that are a solvent for the boric acid, but immiscible in the first phase, must be compatible with the distillate fuel or lubricant. Representative organic liquids include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl polyols comprising from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and at least three hydroxyl groups; ethyl acetate; acetone; acetic acid; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol; and glycerol. Suitable inorganic liquids include water.
The amount of boric acid in the second phase is dependent on the solubility of the boric acid. It is generally desirable to add sufficient boric to saturate the second phase. Typically, the second phase contains from about 10 to about 40 wt. %, boric acid and from about 90 to about 60 wt. %, liquid solvent, based on the weight of the second phase.
A composition may contain a relatively high concentration of the second phase. The amount of distillate fuel or lubricant is generally from about 30 to about 70 wt. %, preferably from about 45 to about 55 wt. %, based on the weight of the composition. The amount of the second phase is generally from about 30 to about 70 wt. %, preferably from about 45 to about 55 wt. %, based on the weight of the composition.
In embodiments, the amount of boric acid in the composition may be from about 1 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, preferably about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, and more preferably about 10 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the weight of the composition.
According to the present invention, the multiphase emulsion compositions comprise a surfactant in an amount sufficient to stabilize the first and second phases, generally from about 0.5 to about 1.5 wt. %, based on the weight of the composition.
Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, for example Soprophor TS-10 (Rhone Poulenc S. A.) or BSU (Rhodia Geronazzo Spa), EO/PO/EO block copolymers, for example Pluronic F-108, Pluronic F-38, Pluronic P-105 (BASF Wyandotte Corp.), and/or sodium salts of sulfonated naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, for example Morwet D-425 (Witco Chem. Corp.) or Orotan SN (Rohm & Haas, France S. A.), lignosulfonates, PO/EO butanol copolymers, for example Atlox G-5000, block copolymers of polyhydroxystearic acid and polyalkylene glycols, for example Atlox 4912 or 4914 (Uniqema), or partially hydrolysed or fully hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate, for example Mowiol 18-88 or Mowiol 4-88 (Hoechst AG).
In particular embodiments, multiphase distillate fuel compositions comprising an emulsion of diesel fuel and boric acid/glycerol have advantages. Such advantages include improved electrical properties, suppression and/or decomposition of hydroperoxides, and reduction of particulate emissions.
A benefit of a glycerol-based boric acid emulsion is its improved electrical insulating properties, which reduces electrostatic spark generation in fuel formations.
As illustrated in
Using a technique known as Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR), a small voltage is applied to a steel pin. Initially, this pin is in contact with a grounded steel disk completing an electrical circuit. As the disk rotates with the pin riding on the surface under load, in an oil bath, film(s) form and act as an electrical insulator. The electrical contact (or lack of contact) is recorded using data acquisition software every few seconds.
As shown in
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As shown in
The data points on the top of
The lower points in
Another benefit of a glycerol-based boric acid diesel emulsion is control of hydroperoxides normally generated in ultra low sulfur diesel fuel. Hydroperoxides have a corrosive effect on many fuel systems.
The Motor Silk™ additive has hydroperoxide inhibition capability and acts as a hydroperoxide decomposer instead of blocking production, as illustrated in
The second run was about 5-10° F. cooler than the first run.
The distillate fuel compositions can contain other conventional fuel additives. Representative additives include antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, dispersants, detergents, and the like. The distillate fuel compositions also can contain additional lubricity-enhancing agents, such as stearic acid.
The lubricant compositions can also contain one or more conventional lubricant additives. For example, the lubricant compositions can be used in the formulation of high temperature ovens or in aluminum extrusion operations, together with selected lubricant additives. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, metal inactivators, thickeners, anti-wear agents, and extreme pressure agents, as well as viscosity index improvers, dispersants, anti-emulsifying agents, color stabilizers, detergents, rust preventatives, and pour point depressants.
The multiphase compositions may be made by mixing the boric acid, the liquid, and the surfactant in a high shear blender until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Optionally, at this time, other conventional additives can be added. Generally, the ingredients are blended at a temperature of about 150° F. However, the blending can also be done also at higher and lower temperatures, with higher temperatures being preferred to lower temperatures, because of the ease of forming the homogeneous solution. The mixture is then slowly cooled to room temperature.
To this mixture is slowly added the distillate fuel or lubricant, either in an amount to form a concentrate or to form the composition. During the addition and, preferably, for a time after, the multiphase composition is mixed with a high shear blender until a stable emulsion is formed.
According to the present invention, a lubricant comprising a natural or synthetic grease may comprise boric acid dispersed therein.
The boric acid typically has a particle size of 100 microns or less. In embodiments, the boric acid may have a particle size of about 1 micron to about 65 microns, for example, about 5 to about 25 microns. In additional embodiments, the boric acid may have a particle size in the range of from about 0.1 to about 5 microns, for example, from about 0.5 to about 1 micron. The boric acid particles may be produced by the low temperature jet-milling of commercially available boric acid.
In embodiments, the amount of boric acid in the composition may be from about 1 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, preferably about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, and more preferably about 10 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the weight of the composition.
According to the present invention, the grease containing boric acid, for example submicron boric acid particles, provides exceptional protection at a metal surface after reaction with the boric acid forms boric oxide. The boric acid particles in the grease product are dispersed throughout the grease and are held in place by the semisolid nature of grease.
In embodiments, a combination or mixture of boric acid particles may be used. For example, a mixture of boric acid having a particle size of about 65 microns and boric acid having a particle size of about 1 microns may be used. The different size boric acid particles may be better in filling in asperities in a surface.
In embodiments, the grease may comprise at least one additive. Additives include, but are not limited to, at least one of a solubility improver, extreme pressure additive, rust inhibitor, other lubricant, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, or a filler.
In particular, PTFE may be used in a grease composition according to the present invention so that the PTFE provides an initial lubricating effect until the boric acid forms boric oxide. In embodiments, a fumed silica filler is advantageous as it has a high flash point and may be suitable for high temperature applications. Also, an extreme pressure agent, such as non-chlorinated Ferro NCEP, may be added to the grease to improve oxidation and stability.
The following example is intended to further illustrate the invention and is not a limitation thereon.
The grease product is made by adding PAO base first then adding all other ingredients except Cabot thickener and tackifier. Run mixture thru mill and external pump back into kettle smooth with no particles observed. Then slowly add Cabot TS-720 allowing it to mix/dissolve. After obtaining penetration within 0.1# of specified grade, add tackifier and mix thoroughly with mill without overshearing. The mill is then by-passed and product is run thru external pump for packaging.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
The present application is a Continuation-In-Part patent application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/201,941 filed Aug. 10, 2005 and of U.S. Ser. No. 10/201,942 filed Aug. 10, 2005, the entireties of which are both incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11201941 | Aug 2005 | US |
| Child | 12030941 | US | |
| Parent | 11201942 | Aug 2005 | US |
| Child | 11201941 | US |
