Compositions comprising cyclodextrins and no-releasing drugs

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to compositions comprising a NO-releasing derivative of a pharmaceutically active compound.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] In the last decade there has been a growing interest towards the preparation and the properties of compounds comprising a radical derived from a compound having pharmaceutical activity and a NO releasing group.

[0003] EP 670 82, EP 759 899 and EP 722 434 disclose nitric esters of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These compounds present an improved activity and reduced side effects when compared to the drug without NO-releasing group.

[0004] WO 98/15568 discloses nitrate esters of corticoids. Also in this case a reduced toxicity is observed when the nitrate group is present.

[0005] Compounds comprising a radical derived from an antithrombotic drug and a NO-releasing group are described in WO 98/21193. The comparative data show that the introduction of the NO-releasing group causes an increase of activity of the drug.

[0006] WO 00/61537 discloses the preparation of drugs comprising a NO releasing group linked to, inter alia, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, bronchodilators, ACE-inhibitors, O-blockers, antineoplastic compounds. The use of a linking group presenting specific antioxidant properties allows the use of these drugs to patients affected by oxidative stress and/or endothelial dysfunction.

[0007] Thus, it is possible to say that the introduction of NO releasing groups has proven to be advantageous in many classes of drugs. However, the introduction of a NO releasing group often leads to a relevant drawback, i.e. a significant reduction in water solubility, that might lead to a slower adsorption rate of the drug in the human body. It is therefore desirable to find methods to improve the bioavailability of compounds comprising a radical derived from a compound having pharmaceutical activity and a NO-releasing group.

[0008] The use of cyclodextrin complexes in combination with NO releasing compounds is known from WO 95/29172. In that case, however, there was no radical derived from a compound having pharmaceutical activity in the molecule complexed with Cyclodextrin and, furthermore, the problem was to render the molecule stable to degradation. Thus, both the type of compound and the technical problem solved by the patent application are quite different from the present case.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention relates to compositions for pharmaceutical use comprising a cyclodextrin and a compound comprising a radical derived from a compound having pharmaceutical activity and a NO releasing group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The invention relates to compositions comprising cyclodextrins and a NO-releasing drug of formula

A-X-L-NOn

[0011] wherein A is the radical deriving from a drug;

[0012] X is a divalent radical connecting A with the NO-releasing group;

[0013] L is selected from the group consisting of O and S; preferably it is 0;

[0014] n is 1 or 2, preferably it is 2.

[0015] The syntheses of these compounds is described in the following patents, which are herewith incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,426, WO 98/15568, U.S. Pat. No. 5,621,000, WO 00/61537, WO 00/61541, WO 00/61604, U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,073, U.S. Pat. No. 6,043,233, U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,347.

[0016] Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides constituted by the union of from 6 to 12 glucose units through α(1,4) bonds. The word CD, used to indicate them, is usually preceded by a Greek letter that indicates the amount of glucose units (α corresponds to 6, β corresponds to 7, and so on).

[0017] A characteristic parameter of CDs is the diameter of the cavity wherein the compound is complexed.

[0018] For many purposes α-CD have a too small cavity (5 Å) to complex molecules of a medium size. This is why for many applications β-CD is preferred (diameter: 6 Å). The drawback of β-CD is its low solubility in water (18.5 g/l). To overcome the problem, probably caused by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups, β CD derivatives have been prepared which present a considerably higher water solubility. In fact, it is known that the hydroxyl groups in the glucose units of CDs can be selectively reacted to prepare ethers, esters, ionic ethers (see for example the review “Physicochemical Characteristics and Pharmaceutical uses of Cyclodextrin Derivatives” D. Duchene et al., Pharmacueutical Technology International, June 1990).

[0019] The cyclodextrins to be used in combination with the compounds of formula A-X-L-NOn are not particularly limited. Preferred examples of cyclodextrins useful in the present invention are: α-CD, dimethyl α-CD, trimethyl α-CD, β-CD, dimethyl β-CD, trimethyl β-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl β-CD, 3-hydroxypropyl β-CD, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl β-CD, γ-CD, dimethyl γ-CD, trimethyl γ-CD and polymeric CD.

[0020] In each particular case, it is possible to determine, with a few trials, which one is the most suitable cyclodextrin to be used in combination with a specific drug.

[0021] The molar ratio between the drug and the cyclodextrin can vary in a broad range. Preferably it is comprised between 1:10 and 10:1, more preferably between 3:1 and 1:3.

[0022] The composition according to the invention can be prepared in different ways. For example, it is possible to mix together the cyclodextrin and the NO-releasing drug in water. Due to the low solubility of most drugs, the drug is partly or fully dissolved when complexed with the CD. The solution is then dried and the solid recovered. It is also possible to use a cosolvent (e.g. ethanol) which is miscible with water and that solubilizes the drug. In another embodiment it is also possible to isolate the pure complex by using a two phase system: a lipophilic solvent wherein the drug is soluble, and water. The CD dissolves in the water phase, the drug in the lipophilic pahse. The complex CD-drug is formed at the interphase. If it is soluble in water, it is recovered from the water phase.

[0023] Finally, it is also possible to simply mix the drug and the CD in the solid state by using mixing and/or milling means well known in the art.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the drug used in the compositions according to the present invention, is selected from the following classes of compounds:

[0025] non steroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs, antibacterial (antibiotics), antiviral, steroids, antineoplastic, β-adrenergics (agonists and blockers), antihyperlipoproteinemic, bone resorption inhibitors.

[0026] Non limiting examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are:

[0027] Aspirin, Salicylic acid, Mesalamine, Acetylsalicylsalicylic acid, Paracetamol, Etodolac, Pirazolac, Tolmetin, Bromefenac, Fenbufen, Mofezolac, Diclofenac, Pemedolac, Sulindac, Ketorolac, Indomethacin, Suprofen, Ketoprofen, Tiaprofenic acid, Fenoprofen, Indoprofen, Carprofen, Naproxen, Loxoprofen, Ibuprofen, Pranoprofen, Bermoprofen, CS-670, Zaltoprofen, Tenoxicani, Piroxicam, Meloxicam, Tenidap, Aceclofenac, Acemetacin, 5-amino-acetylsalicylic acid, Alclofenac, Alminoprofen, Amfenac, Bendazac, α-bisabolol, Bromosaligenin, Bucloxic acid, Butibufen, Cinmetacin, Clidanac, Clopirac, Diflunisal, Ditazol, Enfenamic acid, Etofenamate, Felbinac, Fenclozic acid, Fendosal, Fentiazac, Fepradinol, Flufenamic acid, Flunixin, Flunoxaprofen, Flurbiprofen, Glucametacin, Glycol salicilate, Ibuproxam, Isofezolac, Isoxepac, Isoxicam, Lornoxicam, Meclofenamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Metiazinic acid, Niflunic acid, Oxaceprol, Oxaprozin, Oxyphenbutazone, Parsalmide, Perisoxal, Olsalazine, Pirprofen, Protizinic acid, Salacetamide, Salicilamide O-acetic acid, Salsalate, Suxibuzone, Tiaramide, Tinoridine, Tolfenamic acid, Tropesin, Xenbucin, Ximoprofen, Zomepirac, Tomoxiprol.

[0028] Non limiting examples of antibacterials (antibiotics) are:

[0029] Metronidazolo, Ethambutol, Cycloserina, Cloxyquin, Negamycin, Nitroxoline, Mupirocin, Myxin, Novobiocin, Spectinomycin, Sulbactam, Tigemonam, Tubercidin, Nifurpirinol, Nifurprazine, Glyconiazide, Isoniazide, Opiniazide, Clofazamine, Meclocycline, Minocycline, Sancicline, Tetracicline, Oxytretracycline, Chlortetracycline, Demeclocycline, Methacycline, Doxicycline, Clomocycline, Cinoxacin, Rolitetraciclyne, Pipaciclyne, Guamecycline, Lymecyclinem, Apiciclyne, Nalidixic acid, Cyprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Floroxacin, Pipemidic acid, Difloxacin, Perfloxacin, Enrofloxacin Nadifloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Ofloxacin, Flumequine, Pazufloxacin, Rufloxacin, Norfloxacin, Cefroxadine, Cephradine, Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefprozil Cefatrizine, Cefpiramide, Cephalexin, Cephaloglycin, Loracarbef, Pivcephalexin, Cephamandole, Moxalactam, Cefclidin, Cefepime, Cefuzopran, Ceftibuten, Cefpodoxime Proxetil, Cefotaxime, Cefcapene Pivoxil, Cefodizime, Ceftiofur, Ceftriaxone, Cefditoren, Cefinenoxime, Cefteram, Cefuzonam, Cefdinir, Cefetamet, Cefixime, Cefpirome, Ceftazidine, Cefminox, Cephalosporin, Cefotiam, Ceforamide, Cefazolin, Ceftizoxime, Cefazedone, Cefonicid, Ceftezole, Cephacetrile, Cephapirin, Fenbenicillin, Hetacillin, Quinacillin, Pivampicillin, Aspoxicillin, Meziocillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Epicillin, Phenethamate Cyclacillin, Amdinocillin, Penicillin N, Apalcillin, Bacampicillin, Sultamicillin, Talampicillin, Lenampicillin, Benzyl penicillic acid, Carbenecillin, Carindacillin, Clometocillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Floxacillin, Metampicillin, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Penicillin O, Penicillin V, Pheneticillin, Piperacillin, Propicillin, Sulbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Meropenem, Panipenem, Imipenem, Aztreonam, Carumonan, Sulfabenzamide, Sulfacetamide, Sulfachloropyridazine, Sulfacytine, Sulfadiazine, 4′-(Methylsulfamoyl)sulfanilanilide, Sulfadicramide, Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethoxine, Sulfaethidolo, Sulfaguanole, Sulfalene, Sulfamerazine, Sulfameter, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethizolo, Sulfamethonide, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamethoxypyridazine, Sulfamethylthiazole, Sulfametrole, Sulfamoxolo, Sulfanilamide, N4-Sulfanilylsulfanilamide, Sulfanilyurea, N-Sulfanil-3,4-xylamide, Sulfaperine, Sulfaphenazole, Sulfaproxyline, Sulfapyrazine, Sulfapyridine, 4-Sulfanilamido salicylic acid, Sulfasomizole, Sulfasymazine, Sulfathiazole, Sulfathiourea, Sulfisomidine, Sulfisoxazole, Acetyl sulfamethoxypyrazine, Sulfaguanidine, Mafenide, Succisulfone, p-Sulfanylbenzylamine, Dapsone, Acediasulfone, Thiazolsulfone, 2-p-Sulfanilylanilino-ethanol, Benzylsulfamide, p-Aminosalicylic acid, p-Aminosalicylic acid hydrazide, Phenyl aminosalicylate, 4-4′-sulfinyldianiline, Clindamycin, Lincomycin, Josamycin, Midecamycins, Rokitamycin, Spiramycins, Mikamycin B, Rosaramycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erytromycin, Dirithromycin, Amikacin, Arbekacin, Dibekacin, Tobramycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, Streptomycin, Deoxydihydrostreptomycin, Trospectomycin, Spectinomycin, Micronomicin, Netilmicin, Apramycin, Sisomicin, Neomycin, Paromomycin, Ribostamycin, Rifampin, Rifapentine. Sulfachrysoidine, Sulfamidochrysoidine, Salazosulfadimidine.

[0030] Non limiting examples of antiviral drugs are:

[0031] Acyclovir, Amantadine, Cidofovir, Cytarabine, Didanosine, Dideoxyadenosine, Edoxuridine, Famciclovir, Floxuridine, Ganciclovir, Idoxuridine, Indanavir, Lamivudine, Kethoxal, MADU, Penciclovir, Ribavirin, Sorivudine, Stavudine, Trifluridine, Valacyclovir, Vidarabine, Xenazoic acid, Zaltacitabine, Zidovudine.

[0032] Non limiting examples of steroids are:

[0033] Budesonide, Hydrocortisone, Aclomethasone, Algestone, Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Chlorprednisone, Clobetasol, Clobetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Cortisone, Corticosterone, Deflazacort, Desonide, Desoximethasone, Dexamethasone, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Fluazacort, Flucoronide, Flumethasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone acetonide, Flucinonide, Fluocortin butyl, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone, Fluperolone acetate, Fluprednilene acetate, Fluprednisolone, Flurandrenolide, Formocortal, Halcinonide, Halobetasol propionate, Halomatasone, Halopredone acetate, Hydrocortamate, Loteprednol etabonate, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methylprednisolone, Mometasone furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisone, Prednisolone 21-diethylaminoacetate, Prednisolone sodium phosphate, Prednival, Prednylidene, Rimexolone, Triamcinolone, Triamcinolone acetonide, 21-Acetoxypregnenolone, Cortivazol, Amcinonide, Fluticasone propionate, Mazipredone, Tixocortol, Triamcinolone hexacetonide, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Chenodeoxycholic, Mytatrienediol, Ethynil Estradiol, Estradiol, Mestranol.

[0034] Non limiting examples of antitumoral drugs are:

[0035] Antacitabine, Anthramycin, Azacitidine, 6-Azauridine, Carubicin, Chlorambucil, Chlorozotocin, Cytarabine, Daunomicin, Defosfamide, Denopterin, Doxifluridine, Doxorubicin, Droloxifene, Edatrexate, Eflornithine, Enocitabine, Epirubicin, Epitiostanol, Etanidazole, Etoposide, Fenretinide, Fludarabine, Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Hexestrol, ldarubicin, Lonidamine, Melphalan, 6-mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Mycophenolic acid, Pentostatin, Pirarubicin, Piritexim, Podophyllic acid, Puromycin, Retinoic acid, Roquinimex, Streptonigrin, Teniposide, Tenuazonic acid, Thiamiprine, Thioguanine, Tomudex, Topotecan, Trimetrexate, Tubercidin, Ubenimex, Zorubicin.

[0036] Non limiting examples of adrenergic compounds are:

[0037] Albuterol, Bambuterol, Bitoterol, Carbuterol, Clenbuterol, Chlorprenalina, Dioxethedrine, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Etafredine, Ethyinorepinephrine, Fenoterol, Isoetharine, Isoprotenerol, Mabuterol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Salmeterol, Soterenol, Terbutalina, Tuloterol, Procaterol, Bufetalol, Acebutolol, Alprenolol, Arotinolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bevantolo, Bucumolol, bufuiralol, Bunitrolol, Bupranolol, Carazolol, Carteolol, Celiprolol, Epanolol, Indenolol, Mepindolol, Metoprolol, Nadolol, Nifenalol, Penbutolol, Pindolol, Pronethalol, Propanolol, Sotalol, Timolol, Toliprolol, Butofilol, Cervedilol, Cetamolol, Dilevalol, Esmolol, Labetalol, Metipranolol, Moprolol, Nebivolol, Oxprenolol, Practolol, Sulfinalol, Tertatolol, Tilisolol, Xibenolol, Eprozinol, Etophylline, Exoprenaline, Propoxyphilline, Reproterol, Rimiterol, 1-Teobrominacetic acid, Tetroquinol, Nadoxolol.

[0038] Non limiting examples of antihyperlipoproteinemic compounds are:

[0039] Atovarstatin, Cilastatin, Dermostatin A, Dermostatin B, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Mevastatin, Nystatin A1, Pentostatin, Pepstatin, Sinvastatin

[0040] Non limiting examples of bone resorption inhibitors are:

[0041] Alendronic acid, Butedronic acid, Etidronic acid, Oxidronic acid, Pamidronic acid, Risedronic acid.

[0042] The chemical formula of the above listed compounds is reported on the Merck Index, Twelfth Edition.

[0043] Preferred drugs useful in the present invention are selected form the following formulas:

[0044] i)

[0045] where c and d are independently 0 or 1;

[0046] T is selected from the group consisting of: O, NH and S;

[0047] RB is selected from the group consisting of H, a linear or branched C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl; preferably RB is H, an alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, most preferably RB is CH3

[0048] When c is equal to 0, d is 1, RA is selected from the group consisting of

[0049] wherein:

[0050] RC is selected from the group consisting of amino, RECONH—, OCORE group, and the residue of a heterocycle with a single ring having 5 or 6 atoms which may be aromatic, partially or totally hydrogenated, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S;

[0051] RE is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and a linear or branched C3-C3 alkyl;

[0052] RD is H, OH, halogen, a linear or when permissible branched alkyl having 1 to 4 atoms, a linear or when permissible branched alkoxyl having 1 to 4 atoms, a linear or when permissible branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example trifluoromethyl, amino, mono- or di-(C1-C4) alkylamino;

[0053] e is 0 or 1;

[0054] when c is equal to 1, d is equal to 1, RB is hydrogen, RA is selected from the group consisting of:

[0055] when c is equal to 1, d is equal to 1 and RB is CH3, RA is selected from the group consisting of:

[0056] when c is equal to 0, d is equal to 0, RA is selected from the group consisting of:

[0057] wherein:

[0058] at the position 1-2,2-3, 3-4,4-5, 5-6,6-7, 5-10 there may be a double bond; the ring A is optionally an aromatic ring;

[0059] a is equal to 1 or 2, b is equal to 0 or 1;

[0060] each G2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H. Cl, Br;

[0061] each G3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, O—CH3, O—CH2—CH2—Cl, OH; two G3 can form a carbonyl group with the C3 atom;

[0062] one G2 and one G3 can unite to form a ring of formula

[0063] wherein C2=C3 are part of the steroid structure;

[0064] each G6 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, F, CH3, —CHO,

[0065] each G7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, OH;

[0066] each G9 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, F;

[0067] G10 is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, F, CH3, —CHO;

[0068] each G11 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH Cl; two G11 can form a carbonyl group with the C11 atom;

[0069] each G13 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3;

[0070] each G16 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, OH; two G16 can form a vinyl group with the C16 atom;

[0071] each G17 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH and a monovalent radical comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and from 0 to 5 oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen atoms; preferably it is H, OH, CH3, C—CH, CO—R—OH, CO—RH, CO—R—Cl, OCO—RH, CO—COO—RH, R—COOH, CH(OH)R—OH, COO—R—Cl, OC(O)O—RH, CO—R—SH, CO—R—O—CO—R—N(CH2CH3)2, CO—SCH2F, CO—R—OCORH,

[0072] wherein R is a C1-C20 linear or branched alkylene radical, and

[0073] two G17 can form a carbonyl group with the C17 atom;

[0074] one G16 can unite with a G17 group to form, together with C16 and C17 the following groups:

[0075] RI is monovalent radical comprising from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and from 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, fluorine; examples of functional groups which are present in the radical R1 are the following: phenoxy, phenyl, thiazolyl, quinol-5-on-yl, pyridyl, tiofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl;

[0076] RII is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably RII is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3 and CH3CH2

[0077] RIII is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably RIII is selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;

[0078] RIV is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a substituted aryl; preferably RIV is selected from the group consisting of tert-butyl and isopropyl;

[0079] wherein:

[0080] R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl and dimethylamino,

[0081] R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, OH,

[0082] R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3,

[0083] R2 and R3 together can be a methylene group (CH2═),

[0084] R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, OH,

[0085] R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH2OH and a monovalent radical containing from 5 to 20 carbon atoms and from 1 to 8 nitrogen atoms; the radical can further comprise other functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl.

[0086] wherein

[0087] each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of C and N,

[0088] R6 is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2-fluoroethyl and ethyl;

[0089] R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, methyl,

[0090] R8 is selected from the group consisting of H and F;

[0091] R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms;

[0092] R10 is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl and F;

[0093] R6 e R10 can unite to form an optionally substituted six membered ring optionally containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur:

[0094] wherein

[0095] M is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, carbon or oxygen;

[0096] R11 is selected from the group consisting of H, pivaloyloxymethyl,

[0097] R12 is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 1 sulfur atoms; preferably it is selected from chlorine, methyl, acetyloxymethyl, 2-

[0098] R13 is selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxyl and monovalent radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, from 0 to 5 oxygen atoms and from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl and

[0099] R14 is an unsaturated C6 ring, optionally substituted; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 1,4-cyclohexadienyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl.

[0100] wherein:

[0101] each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, from 0 to 4 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, NH2COOCH2—, CH3COOCH2—, pyridilmethylene and

[0102] R16 is a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and from 2 to 8 oxygen atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, (CH3)3CCOOCH2OCO— and (CH3)2CHOCOOCH(CH3)OCO—; when R15 is a quaternary ammonium cation, R16 is optionally a —COO−;

[0103] R17 is selected from the group consisting of —OH and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 4 oxygen atoms, preferably it is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OCH3, —CH2CH3, —OCH2COOH, —CH2COOH, OC(CH2)3—COOH.

[0104] wherein:

[0105] R18 is a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 4 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms, from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms and from 0 to 3 chlorine atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of: PhCH(OH)—, —CH2CN

[0106] R19 is selected from the group consisting of H and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, from 0 to 4 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 6 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of:

[0107] CH3COOCH2,

[0108] wherein:

[0109] R20 is a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 8 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms, from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms, from 0 to 3 fluorine atoms and from 0 to 3 chlorine atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of:

[0110] —NHCO(CH2)3CH(NH2)COOH, CH2═CH2SCH2CONH—;

[0111] R21 is selected from the group consisting of H and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 8 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of: H, —CH2OCOC(CH3)3, —CH(CH3)OCOOC2H5, —CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2,

[0112] wherein:

[0113] R22 is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl;

[0114] R23 a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, from 0 to 4 oxygen atoms and from 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms; preferably it is selected from the group consisting of: —CH2CH2NHCH═NH,

[0115] wherein:

[0116] R33, R34 and R36 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;

[0117] R35 is selected from the group consisting of H and —CH2OCONH2,

[0118] wherein:

[0119] R31 is selected from the group consisting of —NH2, —CH2NH2 and —NHCH2Ph

[0120] R32 is selected from the group consisting of —NH2, —NHR26 and a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 5 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms; wherein R26 is a monovalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 8 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 5 nitrogen atoms, from 0 to 3 sulfur atoms and from 0 to 3 chlorine atoms;

[0121] preferably R32 is selected from the group consisting of: 4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)phenyl, guanyl, 4-(amino)phenyl, 4-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-(carboxymethylamino)phenyl, succinylaminophenyl, 2-amino-5-thiazolyl;

[0122] preferred examples of R26 are: acetyl, carbamoyl, 3-methyl-2-butenoyl, aminothioxomethylene,

[0123] wherein:

[0124] R27 is selected from the group consisting of H and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl;

[0125] R28 is a phenyl group substituted in at least 2 of the positions 2, 3, 4 and 6 by a group selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino; preferred examples of R28 are 2,4-diamino-6-carboxyphenyl, 2,4-diaminophenyl, 3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl;

[0126] wherein:

[0127] R29 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxyl

[0128] R30 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, phenoxycarbonyl, 4-(amino)phenylsulfinyl, hydrazinocarbonyl;

[0129] wherein:

[0130] R37 is selected from the group consisting of Cl and —OH;

[0131] wherein:

[0132] R38R39 R40 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and acyl; preferably they are selected from the group consisting of H acetyl, propionyl, butyrryl, valeryl

[0133] R41 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and

[0134] wherein:

[0135] R47 is selected from the group consisting of H and —CH3

[0136] M is selected from the group consisting of CO, N-methyl-aminomethylene and —CH(NHR49)— wherein R49 is a substituted methylene bridge connecting N with R48

[0137] R48 is hydroxyl or, when M is —CH(NHR49)—, is —O—;

[0138] Preferably R49 is

[0139] wherein:

[0140] R42 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and amino;

[0141] R43 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (R) and (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrryl

[0142] R44 and R45 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxyl.

[0143] wherein:

[0144] R46 is selected from the group consisting of —CH2OH and —CHO;

[0145] wherein:

[0146] R50 is a C1-C4 alkyl, preferably it is selected from the group consisting of methyl and n-butyl.

[0147] wherein:

[0148] R5, is independently selected from the group consisting of 3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl and 2-amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-6-(methylamino)-α-D-eritro-hexopyranosyl,

[0149] R52 is selected from the group consisting of H and —CH2CH3.

[0150] wherein:

[0151] R60 is selected from the group consisting of —OH and —NH2;

[0152] R61 is selected from the group consisting of H,

[0153] wherein R54 is a C1-C4 linear or cyclic alkyl, preferably it is selected from the group consisting of methyl and cyclopropyl.

[0154] In a preferred embodiment X is a divalent radical having the following structure: (L′)f-X′, wherein

[0155] X′ is a divalent radical comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, from 0 to 10 nitrogen atoms, from 0 to 20 oxygen atoms, from 0 to 2 sulfur atoms and from 0 to 8 halogen atoms.

[0156] L′ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, NR′ and CO; with R′ selected from the group consisting of H and linear and branched C1-C4 alkyl;

[0157] f is 0 or 1.

[0158] In a preferred embodiment X′ is represented by the following formula:

[0159] wherein:

[0160] m is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; preferably it is 1;

[0161] m′ is selected from 1, 2 and 3; preferably it is 1;

[0162] each R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, linear and branched C1-C4 alkyl; preferably it is H;

[0163] R′ is selected from the group consisting of: 5 and 6 membered saturated, unsaturated and aromatic heterocycles, phenyl, optionally substituted by a carboxylic group;

[0164] When R″ is an heterocycle, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following divalent radicals:

[0165] More preferably R″ is selected from the group consisting of a pyridyl and pyrazolyl radical, most preferably it is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-, 2,6-pyridyl and 3,5-pyrazolyl radicals, wherein 2, 3, 5 and 6 indicate the positions connecting the ring to the carbons of the bridge.

[0166] In another preferred embodiment X′ is a C1-C20 alkylene group, preferably C2-C6, optionally substituted by —NH2, —OH, NHCORE wherein RE is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched C3-C5 alkyl; a C5-C7 cycloalkylene group, optionally substituted by one or more C1-C6 alkyl chains;

[0167] In a third preferred embodiment X′ is selected from the group consisting of a group of formula:

—CHR′″—CHR′″—(O—CHR′″—CHR′″)p— and —CHR′″—CHR′″—CHR′″—(O—CHR′″—CHR′″—CHR′″)p—

[0168] wherein each R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and CH3 p varies from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4.

[0169] In another preferred embodiment the group X comprises a radical having specific antioxidant properties as disclosed in WO 00/61537, WO 00/61541, WO 00/61604.

[0170] Non limiting examples of compounds from which the antioxidant radical is derived are: Aspartic acid, Histidine, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 4-Thiazolidincarboxylic acid, 2-Oxo-4-thiazolidincarboxylic acid, 2-Thiouracil, 2-Mercaptoethanol, Esperitine, Secalciferol, 1-α-OH-vitamin D2, Flocalcitriol, 22-Oxacalcitriol, 24,28-Methylene-1α-hydroxyvitamin D2, 2-Mercaptoimidazol, Succinic acid,

[0171] L-Carnosine, Anserine, Selenocysteine, Selenomethionine, Penicillamine, N-Acetylpenicillamine, Cysteine, N-acetyl-cysteine, Glutathione or its esters, Gallic acid, Ferulic acid, Gentisic acid, Citric acid, Caffeic acid, Hydrocaffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Vanillic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Kynurenic acid, Syringic acid, Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, Quercetin, Cathechin, Kaempferol, Sulphurethyne, Ascorbic acid, Isoascorbic acid, Hydroquinone, Gossypol, Reductic acid, Methoxyhydroquinone, Hydroxyhydroquinone, Propyl gallate, Saccharose, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, 8-Quinolol, 3-ter-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-Hydroxyflavone, 3,5-ter-Butyl-p-hydroxytoluene, p-ter-Butyl-phenol, Timolol, Xibornol, 3,5-di-ter-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-thioglycolate, 4′-Hydroxybutyranilide, Guaiacol, Tocol, Isoeugenol, Eugenol, Piperonyl alcohol, Allopurinol, Conyferyl alcohol, 4-Hydroxyphenetyl alcohol, p-Coumaric alcohol, Curcumin, N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, Ethoxyquin, Thionine, Hydroxyurea, 3,3′-Thiodipronic acid, Fumaric acid, Dihydroxymaleic acid, Thioctic acid, 3,4-Methylendioxycinnamic acid, Piperonylic acid, N-Ethylendiethanolamine, Thiodiethylenglycol.

[0172] The following are non-limiting example which illustrate the invention.

EXPERIMENTAL

Example 1

[0173] Male Guinea pigs (weighing 300 to 500 g) were killed by a blown on the neck and exsanguinated. Urinary bladders were cut into strip preparations (3×12 mm). Guinea-pig bladder strips were rapidly transferred to jacketed tissue baths (25 ml) and mounted between two hooks. One the hooks was connected to a force transducer (Gould UC2). The strips were maintained at 37° C. in a physiological salt solution. (PSS) that contains the following components: NaCl (119 mM), KCl (4.6 mM), CaCl2 (1.5 mM), MgCl2 (1.2 mM), NaHCO3 (20 mM), NaH2PO4 (1.4 mM) and glucose (11 mM). The solution was gassed with a 95/5 mixture of O2/CO2 until a pH of 7.4 was achieved. A tension of 0.5 g was initially applied to each preparation. During stabilization (40-60′) the strips were repeatedly washed and the tension was adjusted. Tissue contraction was induced by corbachol 3×10−6 M.

[0174] The experiment compares the inhibition of contraction obtained by using a solution of the composition according to the invention with the effect achieved by the same drug without cyclodextrin. Both the composition and the drug were dissolved in dimethylsulphoxyde (DMSO) and then added to the tissue bath were the their concentration was 1.0×10−5 M.

[0175] The drug used is 2-fluoro-α-methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-acetic acid 4-(nitrooxy) butyl ester (NO-1).

[0176] F1 and F2 represent the following compositions:

[0177] F1: 1.340 g of a CD and 0.500 g of NO-1 mixed in in water and then dried.

[0178] F2: 1.820 g of dimethyl β CD and 0.500 g of NO-1 mixed in water and then dried.

[0179] F0 represents the comparative test performed by using NO-1 alone (no CD).

[0180] The percentage of inhibition of contraction obtained were the following:

1CompositionInhibition (%)F126.05F231.52F021.67(comparative)

Example 2

[0181] Male Guinea pigs (weighing 300 to 500 g) were killed by a blown on the neck and exsanguinated. The thoracic aorta artery was isolated, placed in a ice cold PPS that contains the following components: NaCl (119 mM), KCl (4.6 mM), CaCl2 (1.5 mM), MgCl2 (1.2 mM), NaHCO3 (20 mM), NaH2PO4 (1.4 mM) and glucose (11 mM), cleaned of connective tissue and cut into transverse ring (3 mm). Each ring was then suspended vertically in the organ chamber (25 ml) and mounted between two hooks in PPS maintained at 37° C. and gassed with a mixture 95/5 of O2/CO2 until achievement of a pH 7.4. One of the hooks was connected to a force transducer (Gould UC2). A resting tension of 2 g was initially applied to each preparation. During stabilization (45′) the strips are repeatedly washed and the resting tension is adjusted.

[0182] Aorta rings were precontacted with phenylephrine 3×10−6 M and exposed to the drug at a concentration 1.0×10−6 M.

[0183] The experiment compares the inhibition of contraction effect achieved by using a solution of the composition according to the invention with the effect achieved by the same drug without cyclodextrin. Both the composition and the drug were dissolved in dimethylsulphoxyde (DMSO).

[0184] The drug used is 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl ester (NO-2).

[0185] F1, F2 and F3 represent the following compositions:

[0186] F1: 1.470 g of a CD and 0.500 g of NO-2 mixed in water and then dried.

[0187] F2: 1.470 g of a CD and 0.500 g of NO-2 mixed in ethanol/water and then dried.

[0188] F3: 2.000 g of dimethyl β CD and 0.500 g of NO-2 mixed in water and then dried.

[0189] F0 represents the comparative test performed by using NO-2 alone (no CD).

[0190] The percentages of inhibition obtained were the following:

2CompositionInhibition (%)F154F259F361F019(comparative)

Compositions comprising cyclodextrins and no-releasing drugs

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