Patent Application
20060165817
Scars and keloids are unaesthetic conditions, which can affect the quality of life and self-esteem of an individual. In severe situations scars could cause limitation in mobility and keloids could cause major deformations. Existing scars and keloids are very resistant to treatments. Structurally, scars and keloids contain reduced elastin fibers relative to intact healthy skin. Thus, agents able to enhance elastin synthesis could be beneficial for prevention or reduction of scar or keloid formation.
Elastin provides strength, extensibility, and resilience to tissues and maintains tissue architecture. A morphological and quantitative analysis of the elastic system components showed that, in the superficial dermis, elastin density was higher in normal skin compared with normal scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. (Amadeu T P, Braune A S, Porto L C, Desmouliere A, Costa A M., Fibrillin-1 and elastin are differentially expressed in hypertrophic scars and keloids, Wound Repair Regen. 2004 March-April; 12(2):169-74). Other studies document the morphology and the distribution of elastin in various types of scars, describing that no elastin was found in keloids (Bhangoo K S, Quinlivan J K, Connelly J R., Elastin fibers in scar tissue., Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976 March; 57(3):308-13). Changing the extracellular matrix composition of a myocardial infarct by increasing elastin fragment content was found to attenuate scar expansion (Mizuno T, Mickle D A, Kiani C G, Li RK.Overexpression of elastin fragments in infarcted myocardium attenuates scar expansion and heart dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 June; 288(6):H2819-27. Epub 2005 Jan. 28).
There is a continuing need for a composition that prevents scar or keloid formation or reduces the appearance of scars and keloids.
Malvaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes the mallows, cotton plants, okra plants, hibiscus, baobab trees, and balsa trees. The family traditionally consists of about 1,500 species in 75 genera. Malva sylvestris is a species from the Malva (mallow) genera. The leaves of Malva sylvestris, otherwise known as blue mallow, are rich in mucilage. The mucilage of M. sylvestris is made up of high molecular weight acidic polysaccharides (Classen B, et al., Planta Med 64(7): 640-44 (1998)). The leaf tea is traditionally believed to be useful as an anti-inflammatory, decongestant, humectant, expectorant, and laxative. It has also been used internally for soothing sore throats, laryngitis, tonsillitis, coughs, dryness of the lungs, and digestive upsets. Mallow is also used as a poultice for healing wounds and skin inflammations. In traditional medicine, mallow leaf tea is also used against abnormal growths of the stomach and to alleviate urinary infections (Bisset N G (ed). Malvae folium—Mallow leaf. In Herbal Drugs and Phyto-pharmaceuticals (1994, CRC Press, Stuttgart, pp 313-316). Studies on irritated mucus membranes have shown that the mucilage of Malva sylvestris binds to buccal membranes and other mucus membranes of the body (Schmidgall J. et al. Planta Med 66(1): 48-53(2000)).
Cotinus coggygria extract is traditionally believed to be useful as an anti-microbial treatment, used in the form of external washes. See, e.g., US Patent Applications Nos. 2002/0132021 where the extract is mentioned to be active against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and S. cerevisiae, as well as having anti-cancer activity. The dried leaf and twig of Cotinus coggygria is used in Chinese traditional medicine to eliminate “dampness” and “heat”, and as an antipyretic (Huang K. C., The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs (CRS Press, 1999, pp 193-194). A yellow/orange dye can be obtained from the root and stem and can be used for fabric dying. The leaves and bark are a good source of tannins (Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, Inc. NY, 1971, pp 779-781).
The present invention relates to the unexpected discovery that Cotinus coggygria extract, Malva sylvestris extract, Matricaria chamomilla extract, and soybean extract are effective for enhancing the elasticity of the skin and/or treating wounds, including the inhibition of the appearance of scars.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treating a wound on a tissue by administering to the wound a composition containing Cotinus coggygria extract. The present invention further features a method of promoting a product including a composition containing a Cotinus coggygria extract by directing the user to apply the composition to a wound on a tissue in order to treat the wound.
The present invention also features a bandage for application to a wound on a tissue (e.g., skin), wherein the bandage contains Cotinus coggygria extract. The present invention also features a method of treating a wound on a tissue by administering to the wound such a bandage. The present invention also features a method of promoting a bandage containing Cotinus coggygria extract by directing the user to apply the composition to a wound on a tissue in order to treat the wound.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description of the invention and from the claims.
It is believed that one skilled in the art can, based upon the description herein, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following specific embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference. Unless otherwise indicated, a percentage refers to a percentage by weight (i.e., % (W/W)).
Definitions
What is meant by “enhancing the elasticity or structural integrity” is increasing, preventing the loss, or retarding the loss of elasticity or structural integrity of the tissue, including but not limited to, treating sagging, lax and loose tissue, tightening skin or mucosal tissues. The loss of elasticity or tissue structure integrity, including but not limited to disease, aging, hormonal changes, mechanical trauma such as a wound, environmental damage, or the result of an application of products, such as a cosmetics or pharmaceuticals, to the tissue.
What is meant by “treating a wound” is enhancing or improving the healing of the wound. The wound may be an open wound or a closed wound that is in the healing process, such as one that has a scab or newly formed scar. In one embodiment, treating the wound includes inhibiting scarring (e.g., reducing the appearance of or preventing the formation of a scar at the wound site). Examples of scars include, but are not limited to, keloids. In one embodiment, the present invention features applying the composition to a scar, such as a newly formed scar.
What is meant by “mucosal tissues” are tissues that express elastin and are composed in part of cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Examples of mucosal tissues include, but are not limited to, vaginal, oral, corneal, nasal, rectal, and viscero-elastic tissues. Examples of viscero-elastic tissues are those that line the respiratory track, blood vessel walls, the gastro-intestinal track, the urinal and bladder track, and the reproductive track.
What is meant by a “product” is a product in finished packaged form. In one embodiment, the package is a container such as a plastic, metal or glass tube or jar containing the composition or the bandage. The product may further contain additional packaging such as a plastic or cardboard box for storing such container. In one embodiment, the product contains instructions directing the user to administer the composition to wound on the tissue (e.g., the skin or mucosal tissue) to treat the wound. Such instructions may be printed on the container, label insert, or on any additional packaging.
What is meant by “promoting” is promoting, advertising, or marketing. Examples of promoting include, but are not limited to, written, visual, or verbal statements made on the product or in stores, magazines, newspaper, radio, television, internet, and the like. Examples of such statements include, but are not limited to, “treat wounds,” “reduces scarring, scar formation, or the appearance of scars,” “reduce keloid formation or the appearance of keloids,” and “enhances wound haling.”
As used herein, “administering” means contacting the tissue, e.g., by use of the hands or an applicator such, but not limited to, a wipe, tube, roller, spray, patch, bandage, dropper, and suppository.
As used herein, “composition” means a composition suitable for administration to the tissue (e.g., skin or mucosal tissue).
As used herein, “cosmetically-acceptable” means that the ingredients which the term describes are suitable for use in contact with tissues (e.g., the skin or hair, vulval, vaginal, nasal, laryngeal, tracheal, eye or buccal tissue) without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, irritation, allergic response, and the like.
As used herein, “safe and effective amount” means an amount of the extract or of the composition sufficient to induce an enhancement in tissue elasticity, but low enough to avoid serious side effects. The safe and effective amount of the compounds or composition will vary with the area being treated, the age, health and skin type of the end user, the duration and nature of the treatment, the specific extract, ingredient, or composition employed, the particular cosmetically-acceptable carrier utilized, and like factors.
Malva Sylvestris Extract
What is meant by a “Malva sylvestris extract” is a blend of compounds isolated from the plant Malva sylvestris. In one embodiment, the compounds are isolated from the flowers of the plant. In a further embodiment, the compounds are isolated from dried flowers of the plant. Such compounds may be isolated from one or more part of the plant (e.g., the whole plant, flower, seed, root, rhizome, stem, fruit and/or leaf of the plant) by physically removing a piece of such plant, such as grinding a flower of the plant. Such compounds may also be isolated from the plant by using extraction procedures well known in the art (e.g., the use of organic solvents such as lower C1-C8 alcohols, C1-C8 alkyl polyols, C1-C8 alkyl ketones, C1-C8 alkyl ethers, acetic acid C1-C8 alkyl esters, and chloroform, and/or inorganic solvents such as water, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide). In one embodiment, the Malva sylvestris extract contains only hydrophilic compounds (e.g., isolated by using a hydrophilic solvent, such as water or ethanol). In one embodiment, the Malva sylvestris extract is an aqueous extract from the flowers.
In one embodiment, the composition or bandage contains a safe and effective amount of the Malva sylvestris extract. In one embodiment, the extract is present in the composition in an amount from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, in particular in an amount from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight. Unless stated otherwise, the weight of the extract refers to the dry weight of the extract.
Cotinus Coggygria Extract
What is meant by a “Cotinus coggygria extract” is a blend of compounds isolated from a Cotinus coggygria plant. In one embodiment, the compounds are isolated from the leaf of the plant. In a further embodiment, the compounds are isolated from dried leaves of the plant. Such compounds may be isolated from one or more parts of the plant (e.g., the whole plant, flower, seed, root, rhizome, bark, wood, stem, fruit and/or leaf of the plant) by physically removing a piece of such plant, such as grinding a root of the plant. Such compounds may also be isolated from the plant by using extraction procedures well known in the art (e.g., the use of organic solvents such as lower C1-C8 alcohols, C1-C8 alkyl polyols, C1-C8 alkyl ketones, C1-C8 alkyl ethers, acetic acid C1-C8 alkyl esters, and chloroform, and/or inorganic solvents such as water, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide). In one embodiment, the Cotinus coggygria extract contains only hydrophilic compounds (e.g., isolated by using a hydrophilic solvent, such as water or ethanol). In one embodiment, the Cotinus coggygria extract is an aqueous extract from the leaf of Cotinus coggygria.
In one embodiment, the composition or bandage contains a safe and effective amount of the Cotinus coggygria extract. In one embodiment, the extract is present in the composition in an amount from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, in particular in an amount from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight. Unless stated otherwise, the weight of the extract refers to the dry weight of the extract.
Legume Extract
What is meant by a “legume extract” is a blend of compounds isolated from a legume fruit. A legume is a plant from the family Leguminosae, which has a dehiscent fruit such as a bean, pea, or lentil. Examples of legumes, include but are not limited to, beans such as soybeans, lentil beans, peas, and peanuts. The legume extract may contain the entire legume fruit (e.g., the legume fruit ground into a powder) or only a portion of the legume. The legume extract may be in the form of a fluid (e.g., a mixture of the legume fruit and water) or a solid (e.g., legume fruits powders).
In one embodiment, the composition or bandage contains a safe and effective amount of the legume extract. In one embodiment, the extract is present in the composition in an amount from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, in particular in an amount from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight. Unless stated otherwise, the weight of the extract refers to the dry weight of the extract.
In one embodiment, the legume extract is a soybean extract. The soybean extract may contain only a portion of the soybean (e.g., an extract of the soybean such as a lipid reduced soybean powder or filtered soymilk) or may contain the entire soybean (e.g., a ground powder of the legume). The soy extract may be in the form of a fluid (e.g., soymilk) or a solid (e.g., a soybean powder or soymilk powder).
In one embodiment the soybean extract contains all the ingredients naturally found in soybeans, at the relative concentrations as found in the beans, with exception of water content. In another embodiment, the soybean extract is a non-denatured soybean extract. “Denaturation” is defined in the Bantam Medical Dictionary (1990 edition) as “the change in the physical and the physiological properties of a protein. Such changes are brought about by heat, X-rays or chemicals such as ethanol and other organic solvents, or detergents. These changes include loss of activity (in the case of enzymes or enzyme inhibitors) and loss (or alteration) of antigenicity (in the case of antigens)”.
What is meant by “non-denatured soybean extract” is a soybean extract in which the processing for the derivation of such soybean extract (e.g., the temperature, extraction media) did not eliminate its protease inhibitory activity. In one embodiment, the non-denatured state of the soybean extract of this invention is measured by the presence of an intact soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) protein. In another embodiment it is measured by the presence of trypsin inhibitory activity.
In one embodiment, the soybean extract is soybean powder. Soybean powder may be made by grinding dry soybeans. In one embodiment, the soybean powder has a moisture content of less than about 10% such as less than about 5%. In one embodiment, the soybean powder is lyophilized. In one embodiment, the soybean extract is soymilk or soymilk powder. Soymilk is a combination of solids derived from soybeans and water, the mixture of which has some or all of the insoluble constituents filtered off. Soymilk powder is evaporated soymilk, which in one embodiment, is in a lyophilized or spray-dried form.
Other Extracts
In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention contain one or more of the extracts from plants selected from the group consisting of Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria recutita, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum, and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. In one embodiment, the composition or bandage contains a safe and effective amount of one or more of such extracts. In one embodiment, the extract is present in the composition in an amount from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, in particular in an amount from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight. Unless stated otherwise, the weight of the extract refers to the dry weight of the extract.
Compositions
The compositions useful in the present invention involve formulations suitable for administering to the target tissues. In one embodiment, the composition contains a safe and effective amount of (i) Cotinus coggygria extract and (ii) a cosmetically-acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the cosmetically-acceptable carrier is from about 50% to about 99.99%, by weight, of the composition (e.g., from about 80% to about 99%, by weight, of the composition).
The compositions may be made into a wide variety of product types that include but are not limited to solutions, suspensions, lotions, creams, gels, sticks, sprays, ointments, cleansing liquid washes and solid bars, pastes, foams, powders, mousses, shaving creams, shaving gels, after-shaving products, wipes, patches, nail lacquers, wound dressing and adhesive bandages, hydrogels, film-forming products, facial and skin masks, make-up such as foundations, mascaras, and lipsticks, liquid drops, vaginal washes, suppositories, tampons, toothpastes, mouthwashes, lozenges, tablets, gums and candy, mucoadhesives, and the like. These product types may contain several types of cosmetically-acceptable carriers including, but not limited to solutions, suspensions, emulsions such as microemulsions and nanoemulsions, gels, solids and liposomes. The following are non-limitative examples of such carriers. Other carriers can be formulated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The compositions useful in the present invention can be formulated as solutions. Solutions typically include an aqueous or organic solvent (e.g., from about 50% to about 99.99% or from about 90% to about 99% of a cosmetically-acceptable aqueous or organic solvent). Examples of suitable organic solvents include: propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (200-600), polypropylene glycol (425-2025), glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, sorbitol esters, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
A lotion can be made from such a solution. Lotions typically contain from about 1% to about 20% (e.g., from about 5% to about 10%) of an emollient(s) and from about 50% to about 90% (e.g., from about 60% to about 80%) of water. As used herein, “emollients” refer to materials used for the prevention or relief of dryness, as well as for the protection of the skin or hair. Examples of emollients include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, eds. Wenninger and McEwen, pp. 1656-61, 1626, and 1654-55 (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Assoc., Washington, D.C., 7th Edition, 1997) (hereinafter “ICI Handbook”).
Another type of product that may be formulated from a solution is a cream. A cream typically contains from about 5% to about 50% (e.g., from about 10% to about 20%) of an emollient(s) and from about 45% to about 85% (e.g., from about 50% to about 75%) of water.
Yet another type of product that may be formulated from a solution is an ointment. An ointment may contain a simple base of animal, vegetable, or synthetic oils or semi-solid hydrocarbons. An ointment may contain from about 2% to about 10% of an emollient(s) plus from about 0.1% to about 2% of a thickening agent(s). Examples of thickening agents include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the ICI Handbook pp. 1693-1697.
The compositions useful in the present invention can also be formulated as emulsions. If the carrier is an emulsion, from about 1% to about 10% (e.g., from about 2% to about 5%) of the carrier contains an emulsifier(s). Emulsifiers may be nonionic, anionic or cationic. Examples of emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the ICI Handbook, pp. 1673-1686.
Lotions and creams can be formulated as emulsions. Typically such lotions contain from 0.5% to about 5% of an emulsifier(s), while such creams would typically contain from about 1% to about 20% (e.g., from about 5% to about 10%) of an emollient(s); from about 20% to about 80% (e.g., from 30% to about 70%) of water; and from about 1% to about 10% (e.g., from about 2% to about 5%) of an emulsifier(s).
Single emulsion skin care preparations, such as lotions and creams, of the oil-in-water type and water-in-oil type are well-known in the art and are useful in the subject invention. Multiphase emulsion compositions, such as the water-in-oil-in-water type or the oil-in-water-in-oil type, are also useful in the subject invention. In general, such single or multiphase emulsions contain water, emollients, and emulsifiers as essential ingredients.
The compositions of this invention can also be formulated as a gel (e.g., an aqueous, alcohol, alcohol/water, or oil gel using a suitable gelling agent(s)). Suitable gelling agents for aqueous and/or alcoholic gels include, but are not limited to, natural gums, acrylic acid and acrylate polymers and copolymers, and cellulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose). Suitable gelling agents for oils (such as mineral oil) include, but are not limited to, hydrogenated butylene/ethylene/styrene copolymer and hydrogenated ethylene/propylene/styrene copolymer. Such gels typically contains between about 0.1% and 5%, by weight, of such gelling agents.
The compositions of the present invention can also be formulated into a solid formulation (e.g., a wax-based stick, soap bar composition, powder, wipe containing powder, lozenge, suppository, candy, or gum).
The compositions useful in the subject invention may contain, in addition to the aforementioned components, a wide variety of additional oil-soluble materials and/or water-soluble materials conventionally used in compositions for use on skin and mucosal tissues at their art-established levels.
Additional Cosmetically Active Agents
In one embodiment, the composition further contains another cosmetically active agent in addition to the extracts. What is meant by a “cosmetically active agent” is a compound (e.g., a synthetic compound or a compound isolated from a natural source, or a natural extract containing a mixture of compounds) that has a cosmetic or therapeutic effect on the tissue, including, but not limiting to, lightening agents, darkening agents such as self-tanning agents, anti-acne agents, shine control agents, anti-microbial agents such as anti-yeast agents, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-parasite agents, external analgesics, sunscreens, photoprotectors, antioxidants, keratolytic agents, detergents/surfactants, moisturizers, nutrients, vitamins, energy enhancers, anti-perspiration agents, astringents, deodorants, hair removers, hair growth enhancing agents, hair growth delaying agents, firming agents, anti-callous agents, agents for skin conditioning, anti-cellulite agents, fluorides, teeth whitening agents, anti-plaque agents, and plaque-dissolving agents, and odor-control agents such as odor masking or pH-changing agents.
In one embodiment, the agent is selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of hydroxy acids, benzoyl peroxide, D-panthenol, octyl methoxycinnimate, titanium dioxide, octyl salicylate, homosalate, avobenzone, carotenoids, free radical scavengers, spin traps, retinoids and retinoid precursors such as retinol and retinyl palmitate, ceramides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential fatty acids, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, minerals, hormones such as estrogens, steroids such as hydrocortisone, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, copper salts such as copper chloride, peptides containing copper such as Cu:Gly-His-Lys, coenzyme Q10, amino acids such a proline, vitamins, lactobionic acid, acetyl-coenzyme A, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, ribose, electron transporters such as NADH and FADH2, and other botanical extracts such as aloe Vera, Feverfew, and Soy, and derivatives and mixtures thereof. The cosmetically active agent will typically be present in the composition of the invention in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of the composition, e.g., about 0.005% to about 10% such as about 0.01% to about 5%.
Examples of vitamins include, but are not limited to, vitamin A, vitamin Bs such as vitamin B3, vitamin B5, and vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin E such as alpha, gamma or delta-tocopherol, and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
Examples of hydroxy acids include, but are not limited, to glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid.
Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, water-soluble antioxidants such as sulfhydryl compounds and their derivatives (e.g., sodium metabisulfite and N-acetyl-cysteine), lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid, resveratrol, lactoferrin, and ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives (e.g., ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl polypeptide). Oil-soluble antioxidants suitable for use in the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene, retinoids (e.g., retinol and retinyl palmitate), different types of tocopherols (e.g., alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and their esters such as acetate) and their mixtures, tocotrienols, and ubiquinone. Natural extracts containing antioxidants suitable for use in the compositions of this invention, include, but not limited to, extracts containing flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and their derivatives such as genistein and daidzein (e.g., such as Soy and Clover extracts, extracts containing resveratrol and the like. Examples of such natural extracts include grape seed, green tea, pine bark, and propolis.
Other Materials
Various other materials may also be present in the compositions useful in the subject invention. These include humectants, proteins and polypeptides, preservatives and an alkaline agent. Examples of such agents are disclosed in the ICI Handbook, pp. 1650-1667. The compositions of the present invention may also contain chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) and preservatives (e.g., parabens). Examples of suitable preservatives and chelating agents are listed in pp. 1626 and 1654-55 of the ICI Handbook. In addition, the compositions useful herein can contain conventional cosmetic adjuvants, such as colorants such as dyes and pigments, opacifiers (e.g., titanium dioxide), and fragrances.
Mineral Water
The compositions of the present invention may be prepared using a mineral water, for example mineral water that has been naturally mineralized such as Evian® Mineral Water (Evian, France). In one embodiment, the mineral water has a mineralization of at least about 200 mg/L (e.g., from about 300 mg/L to about 1000 mg/L). In one embodiment, the mineral water contains at least about 10 mg/L of calcium and/or at least about 5 mg/L of magnesium.
Bandage
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a bandage for treatment of a wound. The bandage may be a simple wound-contacting pad (e.g., a wound dressing such a gauze pad or a gauze wrap) or it may be an adhesive bandage (e.g., such as a Band-Aid® brand adhesive bandage). In one embodiment, the bandage is an adhesive bandage that includes a backing and a wound-contacting pad, which in use overlays the wound and is secured to an adhesive coated surface of the backing (usually, but not always, in the generally central region thereof) by a portion of the adhesive composition. The remaining portions of the adhesive composition serve, during use, to adhere the bandage to the skin surrounding the wound site.
The wound-contacting pad may absorb blood and other body exudate from the wound site. It also provides coverage of the wound and helps protect it from dirt, microorganisms, and re-injury. The wound-contacting pad contains one or more of the above-mentioned extracts and additionally may contain additional medicaments, such as disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, and antibiotics. An example of a wound-contacting pad which can deliver medicaments or other desirable active ingredients to a wound site is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,031.
Backing materials useful in the practice of the present invention include, but are not limited to, polymeric films, including polyolefin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene films; polyvinylchloride films; and ethylene-vinyl acetate films. Other useful backing materials include nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, and laminates of polymeric films with woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics. A woven backing material particularly useful for practice of the invention has polyester yarns such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate yarns in the warp direction and polyamide yarns, such as nylon 6 or nylon 6,6 yarns, in the fill direction. Alternatively, the woven backing material may have polyethylene terephthalate yarns in the warp direction and polybutylene terephthalate yarns in the fill direction. Such woven backings are known and are commercially available. If breathability is desired in a backing material, and the backing material is not inherently breathable, then the desired breathability may be obtained by perforating the backing material as is known in the art. Backing materials for use in the practice of the present invention are preferably breathable; however, non-breathable backing materials may be used, if desired.
Apertured films are useful as backing materials in the practice of the invention. Such apertured films are breathable films. Particularly useful apertured films include Vispore® Brand apertured film supplied by Tredegar Corporation (Richmond, Va., USA) under the designations Tredegar X-6799, Tredegar X-6845, Tredegar X-6923, Tredegar X-6944, and Tredegar X-6844. Apertured films may be made from any polymeric material including, but not limited to, polyethylene, metallocene catalyzed polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
The wound-contacting pad (e.g., the wound dressing or the wound-contacting pad of an adhesive bandage) can protect the wound from contamination (e.g., by dirt). The wound-contacting pad may be absorbent pad and may be made from various materials including rayon fibers; natural fibers, such as, but not limited to, cotton and wood pulp fibers, and synthetic fibers, such as, but not limited to, polyester, polyamide, and polyolefin fibers. Synthetic fibers comprising two or more polymers may be used. Blends of fibers may be used. The fibers may be bicomponent fibers. For example, the fibers may have a core of one polymer, and a sheath of a different polymer. The denier of the fibers comprising the wound-contacting pad is not limited, but typically ranges from about 3 to 10 denier.
The basis weight of the wound-contacting pad is not limited, but typically ranges from 0.003 g/cm2 to 0.015 g/cm2. The size of the wound-contacting pad may vary depending on the size of the bandage and/or the size of the wound to be protected or treated.
For an adhesive bandage, an adhesive is typically used to adhere the wound-contacting pad to the backing and/or to adhere the backing material to the skin of the consumer. The adhesives may be aqueous or solvent-based adhesives or they may be hot melt adhesives, as desired. Examples of suitable adhesives include, but are not limited to, those based on styrenic block copolymers and tackifying resins such as HL-1491 available from HB-Fuller Co. (St. Paul Minn.), H-2543 available from ATO-Findley (Wawatausa, Wis.), and Resyn 34-5534 available from National Starch & Chemical Company (Bridgewater, N.J.). Ethylene copolymers, including ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, are also useful as adhesives.
Suitable adhesives also include acrylic based, dextrin based, and urethane based adhesives as well as natural and synthetic elastomers. The adhesives may also include amorphous polyolefins including amorphous polypropylene, such as HL-1308 available from HB Fuller or Rextac RT 2373 available from Huntsman (Odessa, Tex.). The adhesive may be based on Kraton® Brand synthetic elastomers, or natural rubber. These adhesives may also include tackifiers, anti-oxidants, processing oils, and the like as is known in the art.
The adhesive can be applied in any desired manner, e.g., by spraying, screen printing or slot die coating. The amount of adhesive typically applied is well known in the art, however generally, the adhesive coating weight may vary from about 20 grams per square meter (“gsm”) to about 100 gsm.
Bandages in accordance with the invention may be in the form of a roll (e.g., a gauze roll) or may be square, rectangular, round, oval, triangular or in another specifically desired shape. The size of the bandage will depend on the shape of the bandage and the size of the wound meant to be covered by the bandage. Generally, a square bandage may range in size from 5 cm×5 cm to 15 cm×15 cm, preferably from 7.5 cm×7.5 cm to 12.5 cm×12.5 cm. The length of a rectangular bandage may range from 5 cm to 15 cm, preferably from 7.5 cm to 12.5 cm. The width of a rectangular bandage may range from 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably from 1 cm to 3 cm. The thickness of the bandage of the invention will vary depending on the application, but generally may range from 0.25 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 2 mm.
The extracts and bandages and formulations containing such extracts of the present invention may be prepared using methodology that is well known by an artisan of ordinary skill.
The following is a description of the preparation of various extracts of the present invention. As used in the subsequent Examples, the weight percentage of extract refers to the weight of the liquid extract.
A: Malva Sylvestris Extract Preparation.
Malva sylvestris (whole dried flowers) was purchased from Botanic Choice (Hobart, Ind.) or Bilek (Troyan, Bulgaria). Ten grams of whole flowers were placed in 200 ml cold water, and brought to boiling in a sealed container. After the appearance of the boiling bubbles, the container was immediately withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, with occasional agitation. The extract was then filtered through gauze, and excess liquid was squeezed manually from herbs to maximize the extract yield. The extract was further filtered through 22-micrometer 250 ml filtering unit from Nalgene (Rochester, N.Y.), under vacuum.
Alternatively, Malva sylvestris extract can be prepared by adding ten grams of whole flowers to 200 ml cold water, and agitating the mixture at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours. The extract is then filtered as described above.
Alternatively, Malva sylvestris extract can be prepared by adding ten grams of whole flowers to 200 ml cold water, and then boiling the mixture in a sealed container. After the appearance of boiling, the container is withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours. After such time, ethanol is added to the extract to a final concentration of about 45%, volume of the total mixture. The extraction is continued at room temperature for additional 1 to 12 hours, with agitation. The extract is then filtered as described above.
B: Cotinus Coggygria Extract Preparation.
Cotinus coggygria herb (whole dried leaf) was purchased from Bilkokoop (Sofia, Bulgaria). Ten grams of whole leaves were placed in 100 ml cold water, and brought to boiling in a sealed container, and boiled for 5 minutes. The container was then immediately withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, with occasional agitation. After this, the extract was filtered through gauze, and excess liquid was squeezed manually from herbs to maximize the extract yield. The extract was further filtered through 22-micrometer 250 ml filtering unit from Nalgene (Rochester, N.Y.), under vacuum.
C: Matricaria Chamomilla Extract Preparation
Matricaria chamomilla herb (whole dried flowers) was purchased from Bilek (Troyan, Bulgaria). Matricaria recutita herb (whole dried flowers) was purchased from Botanic Choice (Hobart, Ind.). Ten grams of whole flowers were placed in 200 ml cold water, and brought to boiling in a sealed container. After the appearance of the boiling bubbles, the container was immediately withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, with occasional agitation. After this, the extract was filtered through gauze, and excess liquid was squeezed manually from herbs to maximize the extract yield The extract was further filtered through 22-micrometer 250 ml filtering unit from Nalgene (Rochester, N.Y.), under vacuum.
D: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Extract Preparation.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi herb (whole dried leaf) was purchased from Bilkokoop (Sofia, Bulgaria). Ten grams of whole leaves were placed in 100 ml cold water, and brought to boiling in a sealed container, and boiled for 5 minutes. The container was then immediately withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, with occasional agitation. After this, the extract was filtered through gauze, and excess liquid was squeezed manually from herbs to maximize the extract yield. The extract was further filtered through 22-micrometer 250 ml filtering unit from Nalgene (Rochester, N.Y.), under vacuum.
E: Herbal Combination Extract Preparation
Malva sylvestris herb (whole dried flowers) was purchased from both Bilek (Troyan, Bulgaria) or Botanic Choice (Hobart, Ind.). Matricaria chamomilla herb (whole dried flowers) was purchased from Bilek (Troyan, Bulgaria). Matricaria recutita was purchased from Botanic Choice (Hobart, Ind.). Thymus serpyllum herb (dried stem) was purchased from Bilek (Troyan, Bulgaria). Cotinus coggygria herb (whole dried leaf) was purchased from Bilkokoop (Sofia, Bulgaria). Thymus vulgaris herb (dried stem) was purchased from Starwest Botanicals (Rancho Cordova, Calif.). Amounts of herbs, as described in Tables 1, 2, and 3 below, were placed together in 200 ml cold water and brought to boiling in a sealed container. After the appearance of the boiling bubbles, the container was immediately withdrawn from the heating source, covered, and stored at room temperature for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours with occasional agitation. The extract was then filtered through gauze, and excess liquid was squeezed manually from herbs to maximize the extract yield. The extract was further filtered through 22-micrometer 250 ml filtering unit from Nalgene (Rochester, N.Y.), under vacuum.
Malva sylvestris L.
Thymus vulgaris
Matricaria recutita L.
Malva sylvestris L.
Cotinus coggygria
Matricaria chamomilla L.
F. Soybean Extract Preparation
160 g of soybean powder (Sunlight-Foods, Taipei, Taiwan) was added to about 1440 g of deionized water. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 1 hour. The mixture was then filtered through a sieve having holes of 75 μm diameter. The filtrate resulted in about 1.1 kg of soymilk.
Rat cardiac myoblasts H9C2 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, Va.). Cultures were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 50 μg/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen life technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.).
Cell cultures were transiently transfected with the elastin promoter-luciferase reporter construct (Elp2.2, a 2.2 kb elastin promoter fragment from nt −2267 to nt+2, driving the firefly luciferase gene, which was obtained from Promega, Madison Wis.). DNA was prepared by Qiagen Maxi columns (Qiagen Valencia, Calif.). In all transfections, a construct with the thymidine kinase promoter and the Renilla luciferase reporter gene (pRL-TK, Promega, Madison Wis.) was included as an internal control. Cells were plated at 4×104 in each well of a 24-well plate (Corning Incorporated, Corning, N.Y.) in growth media without antibiotics for 24 hours, reaching 80-90% confluency at the time of transfection. Typically, cells were transfected with 0.8 μg DNA per well using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen life technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.). One day after transfection, cells were treated with agents at indicated concentrations for approximately 48 hours before they were lysed for luciferase assays, using Dual-Luciferase Reporter System from Promega (Madison, Wis.), following manufacture's protocol. Briefly, the firefly luciferase activity was measured first (representing elastin promoter activity), followed by the renilla luciferase (internal control), using luminometer LMAX, from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, Calif.). The ratio of these two luciferase activities (RLU) was used to evaluate the activity of each promoter.
Cells were treated with various doses of one or more of the following extracts: Malva Sylvestris extract (Example 1A), Coggygria extract (Example 1B), Matricaria chomomilla extract (Example 1C), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi extract (Example 1D), M. sylvestris/M. chamomilla/Thymus serpyllum extract (Example 1E), M. sylvestris/M. chamomilla/cotinus coggygria (Example 1E) or M. sylvestris/M. recutita/Thymus vulgaris extract (Example 1E), and Soybean Extract (Example 1F), and the effect of the extract on the induction of expression from the elastin promoter was evaluated. The extracts were added to the transfected H9C2 cells and were incubated for 48 hours. An increase in elastin promoter activity was observed in the presence of increasing doses of the extracts, as compared to untreated cells, as shown in Table 4. This example demonstrates that each of the extracts could enhance elastin production.
Human leukocyte elastase (HLE) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, Mo.), and reconstituted at 1 unit/ml in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Invitrogen life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.). Soluble bovine neck ligament elastin labeled with BODIPY FL dye was purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, Oreg.), such that the fluorescence was quenched in the conjugate, and could be activated upon elastase digestion. Human leukocyte elastase (0.0625 U/ml), elastin substrate (25 μg/ml), and increasing concentrations of test material were incubated for one hour at room temperature. Fluorescence was measured at excitation at 490 nm and emission at 520 nm using a fluorescent plate reader Gemini from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, Calif.). Background fluorescence of substrate alone had been subtracted from each measurement.
Two batches of Cotinus coggygria extracts, prepared according to Example 1B, were averaged in the experiment, with data presented as compared to controls with no extract added. Cotinus coggygria extracts inhibited HLE activity in a dose dependent manner as shown in Table 5. As low as 0.01% of Cotinus coggygria extract resulted in approximately 60% reduction in HLE activity, while 0.1% of extract almost completely inhibited elastase activity. This example demonstrates that Cotinus extract can protect elastin fibers from damage and degradation.
Soybean extracts, prepared according to Example 1F, were also used in the experiment, with data presented as compared to controls with no extract added in Table 6. Soybean extract inhibited HLE activity in a dose dependent manner (i.e., 0.0125% of Soybean extract resulted in approximately 45% reduction in HLE activity, while 0.1% of extract almost completely inhibited elastase activity). This example demonstrates that Soybean extract can protect elastin fibers from damage and degradation.
Human macrophage elastase (HME, also named Matrix Metalloproteinase-12, MMP-12) and fluorescently labeled substrate were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, Minn.). The fluorescence was quenched in the substrate, and could be activated upon elastase digestion. HME (100 ng/ml), substrate (10 μg/ml), and increasing concentrations of test material were incubated for one hour at room temperature. Fluorescence was measured at excitation at 320 nm and emission at 405 nm using a fluorescent plate reader Gemini from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, Calif.). Background fluorescence of substrate alone had been subtracted from each measurement.
Two batches of Cotinus coggygria extracts, prepared according to Example 1B, were averaged in the experiment, with data presented as compared to controls with no extract added. Cotinus coggygria extracts inhibited HME activity in a dose dependent manner as shown in Table 7. As low as 0.01% of Cotinus coggygria extract resulted in approximately 40% reduction in HME activity, while 0.5% of extract almost completely inhibited HME activity. This example demonstrates that Cotinus extract can protect elastin fibers from damage and degradation.
Malva extracts, prepared according to Example 1A, were tested in the experiment, with data presented as compared to controls with no extract added. Malva extract inhibited HME activity in a dose dependent manner as shown in Table 8. As low as 0.6% of Malva extract resulted in approximately 23% reduction in HME activity, while 5% of extract inhibited HME activity 80%. This example demonstrates that Malva extract can protect elastin fibers from damage and degradation.
Soybean extracts, prepared according to Example 1F, were used in the experiment, with data presented as compared to controls with no extract added. Soybean extract inhibited HME activity in a dose dependent manner as shown in Table 9. As low as 0.05% of Soybean extract resulted in approximately 22% reduction in HME activity, while 0.1% of extract showed 40% inhibition of HME activity. This example demonstrates that Soybean extract can protect elastin fibers from damage and degradation.
A Caucasian woman, who usually develops white, raised scars following surgical incisions and biopsies, was treated with a composition of Soybean extract (2.5%) in a moisturizer base, over one biopsy site and one injury site that were both treated with numerous stitches, on separate incidents. Treatment began on the day stitches were removed, and continued for a few weeks. No visible scars developed on these two sites.
This is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 11/248,465, filed Oct. 12, 2005, which was a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 10/973,313, filed Oct. 26, 2004, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11248465 | Oct 2005 | US |
| Child | 11313079 | Dec 2005 | US |
| Parent | 10973313 | Oct 2004 | US |
| Child | 11248465 | Oct 2005 | US |
