Patent Grant
11773351
The present disclosure relates to fabric and home care compositions that provide multiple blooms of fragrances through the use of microcapsules.
Consumers often desire consumer products for the many benefits they may provide. For example, it is not uncommon for a particular consumer to have in their home shampoos, conditioners, body washes, deodorants, fine fragrances, shaving gels, etc. Often, such consumer products also include fragrances. Such fragrances may delight the user by providing a freshness feeling and may serve as a signal to the user that the product may still be working or that the product is still present. Yet because of the volatility of many fragrances and/or habituation, a consumer may be unable to notice the fragrance shortly after using/applying the consumer product, potentially leading the user to believe the benefits are dissipating or have dissipated. Consequentially, it may be desirable to have technologies than improve the noticeability of fragrances in consumer products.
A consumer product comprising a composition comprising: an adjunct material; a first population of microcapsules, the first population having a first median volume weighted particle size and comprising microcapsules comprising a partitioning modifier and a first perfume oil at a first weight ratio; and a second population of microcapsules, the second population having a second median volume weighted particle size and comprising microcapsules comprising the partitioning modifier and a second perfume oil at a second weight ratio; wherein the first and second weight ratio, and/or the first and second median volume weighted particle size are different; wherein the composition is a fabric and home care composition.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description.
All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weight of the compositions of, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials.
“Adjunct material” is any material that is not a microcapsule and that is added to the microcapsules to form the consumer product. The adjunct material may take many forms, and it is to be appreciated that an adjunct material may be a pure substance or include more than one type of material such that the adjunct material is collection/mixture of different materials, arranged in any manner Adjunct materials, however, are limited to those that can be safely used in consumer products.
“Derivatives” as used herein, includes but is not limited to, amide, ether, ester, amino, carboxyl, acetyl, and/or alcohol derivatives of a given chemical.
“Free of” means that the stated ingredient has not been added to the composition. However, the stated ingredient may incidentally form as a byproduct or a reaction product of the other components of the composition.
“IPM” means isopropyl myristate.
“Mixtures” means to include a combination of materials in any combination.
“Molecular weight” or “M.Wt.” as used herein refers to the weight average molecular weight unless otherwise stated.
“pH QS” means the amount required to adjust the pH accordingly.
“PMC” means a microcapsule having a shell and a core and wherein the core includes at least one perfume oil.
“PM” means partitioning modifier.
“PO” means perfume oil(s).
“QS” means the amount of material required to bring the total to 100%.
“Substantially free of” means an amount of a material that is less than 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, or 0.001% by weight of a composition.
“Visc. QS” means the amount of material required to adjust the viscosity accordingly.
The consumer products described herein may deliver multiple blooms of fragrance to the consumer when used. Said consumer products may comprise distinct populations of microcapsules as a way to deliver the multiple blooms of fragrance. It has surprisingly been found that including a first population of microcapsules and a second population of microcapsules where the first and second populations differ in fracture strengths may provide multiple blooms of fragrance. It has also been surprisingly found that varying the ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oils within the core of the microcapsule can affect the fracture strength of the microcapsules even when the mass of the core material to the shell is relatively constant. Without being limited to theory, it is believed that the ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oil may affect the plasticity/flexibility of the shell of the microcapsule, ultimately affecting the fracture strength of the microcapsule. By varying the ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oil, microcapsules of different fracture strengths may be obtained. Furthermore, including populations of microcapsules with different fracture strength profiles may deliver multiple blooms, albeit with different kinetics.
The use of multiple distinct populations of microcapsules, each with a distinct bloom pattern, may be used to overcome the habituation experienced by some consumers to a fragrance present in a consumer product. In this regard, some consumers are known to suffer from habituation to the fragrance expressed by a composition and/or article such that the fragrance becomes less noticeable over time to the consumer. While methods of combating habituation are known, the practice of preventing habituation is no simple task and often requires delaying and/or triggering the release of the perfume oils. For example, a method to combat habituation is to incorporate a non-encapsulated fragrance and a different, encapsulated fragrance into a composition and/or article. However in this case, habituation may still occur, while delayed, because the non-encapsulated fragrance will likely possess a short half life and the consumer may become habituated to the encapsulated fragrance once released. Moreover, while the encapsulated fragrance may be released throughout the day, the consumer, once habituated to the encapsulated fragrance, may cease to notice the release of the encapsulated fragrance such that the consumer no longer enjoys the benefits provided by the encapsulation technology. In contrast, the incorporation of multiple populations of microcapsules into a consumer product, each with a distinct bloom pattern and fragrance profile, may help combat habituation to the encapsulation technology, and potentially allow the consumer to notice the fragrances throughout the period of use of the consumer product.
When manufacturing microcapsules for the encapsulation of oils, the properties inherent to the oil may play an important role in determining how much, how quickly, and how permeable the resultant shell material will be when established at the oil/water interface. For example, when the oil phase includes highly polar materials, such materials may reduce the diffusion of the monomers and polymers to the oil/water interface; potentially resulting in a relatively thin and highly permeable polymeric shell. Incorporating a partitioning modifier to adjust the polarity of the core may alter the partitioning coefficient of the polar materials, allowing for the establishment of a thicker, well defined shell. US Application 2011-0268802 provides several non-limiting examples of partitioning modifiers useful with oils and microcapsules and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Surprisingly, it has been discovered that while the presence of the partitioning modifier promotes shell formation, the weight ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oil is not directly proportional to the shell thickness of the microcapsules. As shown in Table 1, the microcapsules of Example 1 were synthesized with varying ratios of isopropyl myristate (a partitioning modifier) to perfume oil. As shown in Table 1, when at least 10% isopropyl myristate is included, the shell thickness may be between 73-166 nm as compared to 10-15 nm in the absence of isopropyl myristate. Surprisingly however, increasing the level of isopropryl myristate in relation to the perfume oils beyond a weight ratio of 1:9 did not lead to a significant increase in the thickness of the shell. In this regard, the shell thickness varied from 73-166 nm when the weight ratio of isopropyl myristate to perfume oil is 1:9 while when the ratio of isopropyl myristate to perfume oil was 3:7 the shell thickness varied from 66-100 nm Increasing the level of isopropryl myristate to perfume oil to a 1:1 ratio led to a reduction in the thickness of the shell, a reduction of from 73-166 nm to 30-70 nm. These data suggest that while the inclusion of a partitioning modifier may increase the thickness of the shell, increasing the ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oil above 1:9 may not lead to a further increase in shell thickness.
Surprisingly, it has been discovered that in addition to promoting shell formation, the amount of the partitioning modifier relative to the perfume oil may also influence the fracture strength of the microcapsule independently of the shell thickness
Microcapsules
The compositions/articles herein may include microcapsules. The microcapsules may be any kind of microcapsule disclosed herein or known in the art. The microcapsules may have a shell and a core material encapsulated by the shell. The core material of the microcapsules may include one or more perfume oils. The shells of the microcapsules may be made from synthetic polymeric materials or naturally-occurring polymers. Synthetic polymers may be derived from petroleum oil, for example. Non-limiting examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, vinyl polymers, polyacrylates, and mixtures thereof. Natural polymers occur in nature and may often be extracted from natural materials. Non-limiting examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, gelatin, cellulose, proteins, and combinations thereof.
The microcapsules may be friable microcapsules. A friable microcapsule is configured to release its core material when its shell is ruptured. The rupture may be caused by forces applied to the shell during mechanical interactions. The microcapsules may have a shell with a volume weighted fracture strength of from about 0.1 mega Pascals to about 15.0 mega Pascals, when measured according to the Fracture Strength Test Method described herein, or any incremental value expressed in 0.1 mega Pascals in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for fracture strength. As an example, a microcapsule may have a shell with a volume weighted fracture strength of 0.8-15.0 mega Pascals (MPa), alternatively from 5.0-12.0 mega Pascals (MPa), or alternatively from 6.0-10.0 mega Pascals (MPa).
The microcapsules may have a median volume-weighted particle size of from 2 microns to 80 microns, from 10 microns to 45 micron, from 10 microns to 30 microns, 15 microns to 30 microns as determined by the Test Method for Determining Median Volume-Weighted Particle Size of Microcapsules described herein.
The microcapsules may have various core material to shell weight ratios. The microcapsules may have a core material to shell ratio that is greater than or equal to: 70% to 30%, 75% to 25%, 80% to 20%, 85% to 15%, 90% to 10%, and 95% to 5%.
The microcapsules may have shells made from any material in any size, shape, and configuration known in the art. Some or all of the shells may include a polyacrylate material, such as a polyacrylate random copolymer. For example, the polyacrylate random copolymer may have a total polyacrylate mass, which includes ingredients selected from the group including: amine content of 0.2-2.0% of total polyacrylate mass; carboxylic acid of 0.6-6.0% of total polyacrylate mass; and a combination of amine content of 0.1-1.0% and carboxylic acid of 0.3-3.0% of total polyacrylate mass.
When a microcapsule's shell includes a polyacrylate material, and the shell has an overall mass, the polyacrylate material may form 5-100% of the overall mass, or any integer value for percentage in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for percentage. As examples, the polyacrylate material may form at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 25%, at least 33%, at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90% of the overall mass.
Some or all of the microcapsules may have various shell thicknesses. For at least a first group of the provided microcapsules, each microcapsule may have a shell with an overall thickness of 1-300 nanometers, or any integer value for nanometers in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for thickness. As an example, microcapsules may have a shell with an overall thickness of 2-200 nanometers.
The microcapsules may also encapsulate one or more benefit agents. The benefit agent(s) include, but are not limited to, cooling sensates, warming sensates, perfume oils, oils, pigments, dyes, chromogens, phase change materials, and other kinds of benefit agent known in the art, in any combination. In some examples, the perfume oil encapsulated may have a ClogP of less than 4.5 or a ClogP of less than 4. Alternatively the perfume oil encapsulated may have a ClogP of less than 3. In some examples, the microcapsule may be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or have a neutral charge. The benefit agents(s) may be in the form of solids and/or liquids. The benefit agent(s) may be any kind of perfume oil(s) known in the art, in any combination.
The microcapsules may encapsulate a partitioning modifier in addition to the benefit agent. Non-limiting examples of partitioning modifiers include isopropyl myristate, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, castor oil, mineral oil, soybean oil, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester isododecane, isoparaffin oil, polydimethylsiloxane, brominated vegetable oil, and combinations thereof. Microcapsules may also have varying ratios of the partitioning modifier to the benefit agent so as to make different populations of microcapsules that may have different bloom patterns. Such populations may also incorporate different perfume oils so as to make populations of microcapsules that display different bloom patterns and different scent experiences. US 2011-0268802 discloses other non-limiting examples of microcapsules and partitioning modifiers and is hereby incorporated by reference.
The microcapsule's shell may comprise a reaction product of a first mixture in the presence of a second mixture comprising an emulsifier, the first mixture comprising a reaction product of i) an oil soluble or dispersible amine with ii) a multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate monomer or oligomer, an oil soluble acid and an initiator, the emulsifier comprising a water soluble or water dispersible acrylic acid alkyl acid copolymer, an alkali or alkali salt, and optionally a water phase initiator. In some examples, said amine is an aminoalkyl acrylate or aminoalkyl methacrylate. The microcapsules may include a core material and a shell surrounding the core material, wherein the shell comprises: a plurality of amine monomers selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl acrylates, alkyl aminoalkyl acrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl acrylates, aminoalkyl methacrylates, alkylamino aminoalkyl methacrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl methacrylates, tertiarybutyl aminethyl methacrylates, diethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylates, and mixtures thereof; and a plurality of multifunctional monomers or multifunctional oligomers. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers include water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl isothionates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl succinamates, alkyl sulfate salts such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl derivatives of protein hydrolyzates, acyl aspartates, alkyl or alkyl ether or alkylaryl ether phosphate esters, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phospholipids or lecithin, or soaps, sodium, potassium or ammonium stearate, oleate or palmitate, alkylarylsulfonic acid salts such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dilaurylsulfosuccinate, poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulfate and pectin, poly(styrene sulfonate), isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, carrageenan, sodium alginate, pectic acid, tragacanth gum, almond gum and agar; semi-synthetic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfated cellulose, sulfated methylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, phosphated starch, lignin sulfonic acid; and synthetic polymers such as maleic anhydride copolymers (including hydrolyzates thereof), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer or crotonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, vinylbenzenesulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, and partial amide or partial ester of such polymers and copolymers, carboxymodified polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, phosphated or sulfated tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride (Varisoft PATCTM, available from Degussa Evonik, Essen, Germany), distearyl dimonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty amines, aliphatic ammonium halides, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyethyleneimine, poly(-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt, poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(allylamine), poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, and poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine), condensation products of aliphatic amines with alkylene oxide, quaternary ammonium compounds with a long-chain aliphatic radical, e.g. distearyldiammonium chloride, and fatty amines, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyalkylene glycol ether, condensation products of alkyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, or fatty acids with alkylene oxide, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated arylphenols, ethoxylated polyaryl phenols, carboxylic esters solubilized with a polyol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(-hydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly(-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl vinyl ether), and polyvinyl alcohol-co-ethylene), and cocoamidopropyl betaine.
Process for making microcapsules are well known. Various processes for microencapsulation, and exemplary methods and materials, are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,592,990; 2,730,456; 2,800,457; 2,800,458; 4,552,811; and US 2006/0263518 A1.
The microcapsule may be spray-dried to form spray-dried microcapsules. The composition may also contain one or more additional delivery systems for providing one or more benefit agents, in addition to the microcapsules. The additional delivery system(s) may differ in kind from the microcapsules. For example, wherein the microcapsule encapsulates a perfume oil, the additional delivery system may be an additional fragrance delivery system, such as a moisture-triggered fragrance delivery system. Non-limiting examples of moisture-triggered fragrance delivery systems include cyclic oligosaccaride, starch (or other polysaccharide material), starch derivatives, and combinations thereof. Said polysaccharide material may or may not be modified.
The populations of microcapsules may include anionic, cationic, and non-ionic microcapsules, in any combination, when included in a composition with a pH range of from 2 to about 10, alternatively from about 3 to about 9, alternatively from about 4 to about 8.
In some examples, the populations of microcapsules have different shell chemistries. As a non-limiting example, a composition may include a first population of microcapulses having a polyacrylate shell and a second population of microcapsules including a resorcinol shell.
In some examples, the microcapsules may include a benefit agent comprising: a.) a perfume composition having a Clog P of less than 4.5; b.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 60% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 4.0; c.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 35% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 3.5; d.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 40% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 4.0 and at least 1% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 2.0; e.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 40% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 4.0 and at least 15% perfume materials having a Clog P of less than 3.0; f.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% butanoate esters and at least 1% of pentanoate esters; g.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety and at least 10% of another perfume comprising an ester moiety; h.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; i.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a butanoate ester; j.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% of a pentanoate ester; k.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 3% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety and 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; l.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 25% of a perfume comprising an ester moiety and 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; m.) a perfume compositions comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a material selected from 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one and 3-buten-2-one,3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimehtyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)- and mixtures thereof; n.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 0.1% of tridec-2-enonitrile, and mandaril, and mixtures thereof; o.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a material selected from 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile, 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile and mixtures thereof; p.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 80% of one or more perfumes comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of esters, aldehydes, ionones, nitriles, ketones and combinations thereof; q.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 3% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety; a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of: 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhexyl-4-enyl acetate; p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 2-propenyl cyclohexanepropionate; bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid,3-(1-methylethyl)-ethyl ester; bycyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enylacetate; hexyl 2-methyl propanoate; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate; 4-undecanone; 5-heptyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone; 1,6-nonadien-3-o1,3,7dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-o; 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde,dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; tridec-2-enonitrile; patchouli oil; ethyl tricycle [5.2.1.0]decan-2-carboxylate; 2,2-dimethyl-cyclohexanepropanol; hexyl ethanoate, 7-acetyl,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,6,7-tetramethyl naphtalene; allyl-cyclohexyloxy acetate; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; 1-spiro[4,5]dec-7-en-7-yl-4-pentenen-1-one; 7-octen-2-o1,2-methyl-6-methylene-, dihydro; cyclohexanol,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, acetate; hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionatehexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionate; 2-methoxynaphtalene; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimehtyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; 1-decyl aldehyde; 1-octanal; 4-t-butyl-α-methylhydrocinnamaldehyde; alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde; ethyl-2,4-hexadienoate; 2-propenyl 3-cyclohexanepropanoate; and mixtures thereof; r.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of: 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enyl acetate; p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 2-propenyl cyclohexanepropionate; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-ethyl ester; bycyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enyl acetate; hexyl 2-methyl propanoate; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, 4-undecanolide; 5-heptyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone; 5-hydroxydodecanoic acid; decalactones; undecalactones, 1,6-nonadien-3-o1,3,7dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde,dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; tridec-2-enonitrile; patchouli oil; ethyl tricycle [5.2.1.0]decan-2-carboxylate; 2,2-dimethyl-cyclohexanepropanol; allyl-cyclohexyloxy acetate; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; 1-spiro[4,5]dec-7-en-7-yl-4-pentenen-1-one; 7-octen-2-o1,2-methyl-6-methylene-,dihydro, cyclohexano1,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, acetate; hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionatehexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionate; 2-methoxynaphtalene; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3-buten-2-one,3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimehtyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; 1-decyl aldehyde; 1-octanal; 4-t-butyl-α-methylhydrocinnamaldehyde; ethyl-2,4-hexadienoate; 2-propenyl 3-cyclohexanepropanoate; and mixtures thereof; s.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 5% of a material selected from the group consisting of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde,dimethyl-; 3-buten-2-one,3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimehtyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; patchouli oil; Hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; 1-Octanal; 1-decyl aldehyde; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate; 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone; 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone and mixtures thereof; t.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, less than 10% perfumes having a Clog P greater than 5.0; u.) a perfume composition comprising geranyl palmitate; or v.) a perfume composition comprising a first and an optional second material, said first material having: (i) a Clog P of at least 2; (ii) a boiling point of less than about 280° C.; and second optional second material, when present, having (i) a Clog P of less than 2.5; and (ii) a ODT of less than about 100 ppb.
In some examples, the microcapsules may include a benefit agent comprising: one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl) acetate; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al; 2-(phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate; prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate; 3-methyl-1-isobutylbutyl acetate; prop-2-enyl hexanoate; prop-2-enyl 3-cyclohexylpropanoate; prop-2-enyl heptanoate; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-2-en-1-one; (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one; (E)-3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one; 6,6,9a-trimethyl-1,2,3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-decahydronaphthol2,1-blfuran; pentyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; 7,7-dimethyl-2-methylidene-norbornane; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)but-2-en-1-one; (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)but-3-en-2-one; 4-ethoxy-4,8,8-trimethyl-9-methylidenebicyclo13.3.11nonane; (1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo12.2.11heptanyl) acetate; 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroinden-4-one; 2-oxabicyclo2.2.2octane,1methyl4(2,2,3trimethylcyclopentyl); [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] acetate; [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] 2-methylbutanoate; cis-3-hexenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyl acetate; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enenitrile; 2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-enoxy)acetaldehyde; tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-propyl-2h-pyran-4-yl acetate; ethyl 3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate; hexahydro-4,7-methano-indenyl isobutyrate; 2,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde; hexahydro-4,7-methano-indenyl propionate; 2-cyclohexylethyl acetate; 2-pentylcyclopentan-1-ol; (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-(6-cyclohexylhexoxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)but-2-en-1-one; 1-cyclohexylethyl (E)-but-2-enoate; dodecanal; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-one; (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)butan-2-one; 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol; methyl 2-hexyl-3-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate; 2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol; 4,7-dimethyloct-6-en-3-one; 4-(octahydro-4,7-methano-5H-inden-5-yliden)butanal; acetaldehyde ethyl linalyl acetal; ethyl 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate; ethyl 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate; 2-ethylhexanoate; (6E)-3,7-dimethylnona-1,6-dien-3-ol; ethyl 2-methylbutanoate; ethyl 2-methylpentanoate; ethyl tetradecanoate; ethyl nonanoate; ethyl 3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate; 1,4-dioxacycloheptadecane-5,17-dione; 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane; [essential oil]; oxacyclo-hexadecan-2-one; 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal; 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one; 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; (3 aalpha,4beta,7beta,7aalpha)-octahydro-4,7-methano-3aH-indene-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; hexahydro-4-7, menthano-1H-inden-6-yl propionate; 2-butenon-1-one,1-(2,6-dimethyl-6-methylencyclohexyl)-; (E)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one; 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene; 5-heptyloxolan-2-one; 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate; [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] octanoate; ethyl 2-ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate; (4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl) acetate; 2-butyl-4,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran; oxacyclohexadecen-2-one; 1-propano1,2-[1-(3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)thoxy]-2-methyl-propanoate; 1-heptyl acetate; 1-hexyl acetate; hexyl 2-methylpropanoate; (2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)benzene; 4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxine; undec-10-enal; 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one; 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethan-1-one; 7-acetyl,1,2,3,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,1,6,7,-tetra methyl naphthalene; 3-methylbutyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; [(1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] acetate; [1R,4R,6R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylpropanoate; (1,7,7-trimethyl-5-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) propanoate; 2-methylpropyl hexanoate; [2-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl] acetate; 2-hexylcyclopent-2-en-1-one; 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one; 7-methyloctyl acetate; propan-2-yl 2-methylbutanoate; 3,4,5,6,6-pentamethylheptenone-2; hexahydro-3,6-dimethyl-2(3H)-benzofuranone; 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-6,8-nonadiene-3-one oxime; dodecyl acetate; [essential oil]; 3,7-dimethylnona-2,6-dienenitrile; [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] methyl carbonate; 2-methyl-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl butanoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl formate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl 2-methylpropanoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl propanoate; 3-methyl-7-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-5-carbaldehyde; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-ol; 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)butanal; 2,6-dimethylhept-5-enal; 5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-cyclohexan-1-ol; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)pent-1-en-3-one; methyl 3-oxo-2-pentylcyclopentaneacetate; methyl tetradecanoate; 2-methylundecanal; 2-methyldecanal; 1,1-dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-4-hexene; [(1S)-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-cyclohex-3-enyl]methyl acetate; 2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclo-pentanone; 4-penten-1-one, 1-(5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl; 1H-indene-ar-propana1,2,3,-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-(9CI); 2-ethoxynaphthalene; nonanal; dimethyl-4-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-enyl)ethyl acetate; octanal; 4-(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methylcyclohexene; (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl) acetate; (E)-1-ethoxy-4-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)cyclohexane; 1,1-dimethoxynon-2-yne; [essential oil]; 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile; 2-cyclohexyl-1,6-heptadien-3-one; 4-cyclohexyl-2-methylbutan-2-ol; 2-phenylethyl 2-phenylacetate; (2E, 5E/Z)-5,6,7-trimethyl octa-2,5-dien-4-one; 1-methyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde; methyl 2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexane-1-carboxylate; 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate; 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxane; 1-spiro(4.5)-7-decen-7-yl-4-penten-1-one; 4-(2-butenylidene)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-ol; 4-isopropylidene-1-methyl-cyclohexene; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-yl acetate; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-yl acetate; 3-phenylbutanal; (2,5-dimethyl-4-oxofuran-3-yl) acetate; 4-methyl-3-decen-5-ol; undec-10-enal; (4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl) 2-methylpropanoate; 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentan-1-one; 2-tert-butylcyclohexan-1-ol; (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl) acetate; 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate; 1-(3-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-6-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-enyl)ethanone; (4,8-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylidene-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-6-yl) acetate; [(4Z)-1-cyclooct-4-enyl] methyl carbonate; methyl beta naphtyl ether; materials and stereoisomers thereof.
In some examples, the microcapsules may be resorcinol capsules. In some examples, a method for manufacturing a solid composition, selected from the group consisting of (a) by mixing a microcapsule dispersion comprising microcapsules, the capsule walls of which contain a resin which may be obtained by reacting:
The microcapsules may be manufactured by combining and reacting together, optionally in the presence of at least one (meth)acrylate polymer and if necessary in the presence of at least one substance to be encapsulated (the core material), the at least one aromatic alcohol to be reacted according to the invention and the at least one aldehydic component having at least two C atoms per molecule to be reacted, and by subsequently hardening the capsules by increasing the temperature. In so doing, it is particularly preferred that the pH is increased over the course of the process.
However, if phloroglucin is used as the alcohol component, it is more advantageous to harden the capsules in the acidic range; preferably the pH is then no higher than 4, particularly preferably between 3 and 4, for example between 3.2 and 3.5.
The yield and quality of the microcapsules or microcapsule dispersions that may be used are influenced by the chosen parameters of temperature, pH and/or stirring speed. In particular, a too-low temperature can lead to a less-thick capsule wall. This is apparent to the person skilled in the art in a reduced yield as well as precipitation of core material as condensate in the filter of the dryer. On the other hand, it should be made sure that the reaction speed is not too high, because otherwise there will be only a little wall material around the capsules or there will be too much free wall material outside the capsules. This free wall material may then be present in particles that are larger than the capsules.
Alkalinity can also be important for the quality of the microcapsules that can be used according to the invention. In addition, within the scope of process control, the pH influences the tendency of the preparation to gel. If particles are formed (step (b), above) at a pH of 9 or lower, the preparation could gel. In one embodiment of the described method, an alkali salt, preferably alkali carbonate, in particular sodium carbonate, is used to adjust the alkalinity. Sodium carbonate is preferred because it reduces the risk of gelling.
The compositions may also include a parent fragrance and one or more encapsulated fragrances that may or may not differ from the parent fragrance. For example, the composition may include a parent fragrance and a non-parent fragrance. A parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that is dispersed throughout the composition and is typically not encapsulated when added to the composition. Herein, a non-parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that differs from a parent fragrance included within the composition and is encapsulated with an encapsulating material prior to inclusion into the composition. Non-limiting examples of differences between a fragrance and a non-parent fragrance include differences in chemical make-up.
Compositions/Articles
The compositions may be packaged in any package known in the art and sold as consumer products (i.e. products intended to be sold to consumers without further modification or processing). Additionally, dry microcapsules like spray-dried microcapsules may be applied to any article, such as a fabric or any absorbent material including, but not limited to, feminine hygiene products, diapers, and adult incontinence products. The composition may also be incorporated into an article, non-limiting examples of which include a dispenser/container. The compositions/articles disclosed herein may be made by combining the populations of microcapsules disclosed herein with the desired adjunct material to form the consumer product. The microcapsules may be combined with the adjunct material when the microcapsules are in one or more forms, including a slurry form, neat particle form, and spray dried particle form. The microcapsules may be combined with the adjunct material by methods that include mixing and/or spraying.
In some examples of consumer products, the microcapsules may consist of one or more distinct populations. The consumer product may have at least two different populations of microcapsules that may vary with respect to the make up the perfume oil, the median volume weighted particle size, fracture strength, the PM:PO weight ratio, the shell material, the partitioning modifier, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the at least two different populations of microcapsules encapsulate the same perfume oil, but still vary with respect to at least one of the median volume weighted particle size, fracture strength, the PM:PO weight ratio, the shell material, and the partitioning modifier. In some examples, the consumer product includes more than two distinct populations that vary in the exact make up the perfume oil and in their fracture strengths. In some examples, the populations of microcapsules vary with respect to the weight ratio of the partitioning modifier to the perfume oil(s). In some examples, the consumer product includes a first population of microcapsules having a first ratio that is a weight ratio of from 2:3 to 3:2 of the partitioning modifier to a first perfume oil and a second population of microcapsules having a second ratio that is a weight ratio of less than 2:3 but greater than 0 of the partitioning modifier to the second perfume oil. In some examples, the weight ratio of the first population of microcapsules to the second population of microcapsules is less than 1:1 but greater than 0. In some examples, the weight ratio of first population of microcapsules to the second population of microcapsules exceeds 1:1.
In some examples, each distinct population of microcapsules is prepared in a distinct slurry. In some examples, the first population of microcapsules is contained in a first slurry and the second population of microcapsules is contained in a second slurry. It is to be appreciated that the number of distinct slurries for combination is without limit and a choice of the formulator such that 3, 10, or 15 distinct slurries may be combined. In some examples, the first and second populations of microcapsules may vary in at least one of the perfume oil, median volume weighted particle size, and PM:PO weight ratio and are manufactured as distinct slurries and then combined.
In some examples, the consumer product is prepared by combining the first and second slurries with at least one adjunct ingredient and optionally packaged in a container. In some examples, the first and second populations of microcapsules are prepared in distinct slurries and then dried, for example by spray drying. The distinct slurries may be combined before drying, or dried individually and then combined together when in powder form. In some examples, the distinct slurries are dried by a process that includes as step of spray drying. Once in powder form, the first and second populations of microcapsules may be combined with an adjunct ingredient to form a composition or applied to an article. In some examples, at least one population of microcapsules is dried, for example by spray drying, and then combined with at least one slurry of a population of microcapsules that are distinct from those that were dried.
In some examples, said slurry includes one or more processing aids selected from the group consisting of a carrier, an aggregate inhibiting material, a deposition aid, a particle suspending polymer, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of aggregate inhibiting materials include salts that can have a charge-shielding effect around the particle, such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of particle suspending polymers include polymers such as xanthan gum, carrageenan gum, guar gum, shellac, alginates, chitosan; cellulosic materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, cationically charged cellulosic materials; polyacrylic acid; polyvinyl alcohol; hydrogenated castor oil; ethylene glycol distearate; and mixtures thereof.
In some examples, said slurry includes one or more processing aids, selected from the group consisting of water, aggregate inhibiting materials such as divalent salts; particle suspending polymers such as xanthan gum, guar gum, caboxy methyl cellulose.
In some examples, the slurry includes one or more carriers selected from the group consisting of polar solvents, including but not limited to, water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol; nonpolar solvents, including but not limited to, mineral oil, perfume raw materials, silicone oils, hydrocarbon paraffin oils, and mixtures thereof.
In some examples, said slurry may include a deposition aid that may comprise a polymer selected from the group comprising: polysaccharides, in one aspect, cationically modified starch and/or cationically modified guar; polysiloxanes; poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides; copolymers of poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; a composition comprising polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; acrylamides; imidazoles; imidazolinium halides; polyvinyl amine; copolymers of poly vinyl amine and N-vinyl formamide; polyvinylformamide, polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with boric acid; polyacrylic acid; polyglycerol ether silicone crosspolymers; polyacrylic acids, polyacrylates, copolymers of polyvinylamine and polvyinylalcohol oligimers of amines, in one aspect a diethylenetriamine, ethylene diamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and mixtures thereof; polyethyleneimime, a derivatized polyethyleneimine, in one aspect an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine; a polymeric compound comprising, at least two moieties selected from the moieties consisting of a carboxylic acid moiety, an amine moiety, a hydroxyl moiety, and a nitrile moiety on a backbone of polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene/styrene, polybutadiene/acrylonitrile, carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene/acrylonitrile or combinations thereof; pre-formed coacervates of anionic surfactants combined with cationic polymers; polyamines and mixtures thereof.
The different populations of microcapsules may be formulated into any suitable form and prepared by any process chosen by the formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,584 which is incorporated herein by reference.
The compositions may also include a parent fragrance and one or more encapsulated perfume oils that may or may not differ from the parent fragrance. For example, the composition may include a parent fragrance and a non-parent fragrance. A parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that is dispersed throughout the composition and is typically not encapsulated when added to the composition. Herein, a non-parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that differs from a parent fragrance included within the composition and is encapsulated with an encapsulating material prior to inclusion into the composition. Non-limiting examples of differences between a fragrance and a non-parent fragrance include differences in chemical make-up.
Suitable equipment for use in the processes disclosed herein may include continuous stirred tank reactors, homogenizers, turbine agitators, recirculating pumps, paddle mixers, plough shear mixers, ribbon blenders, vertical axis granulators and drum mixers, both in batch and, where available, in continuous process configurations, spray dryers, and extruders. Such equipment can be obtained from Lodige GmbH (Paderborn, Germany), Littleford Day, Inc. (Florence, Ky., U.S.A.), Forberg AS (Larvik, Norway), Glatt Ingenieurtechnik GmbH (Weimar, Germany), Niro (Soeborg, Denmark), Hosokawa Bepex Corp. (Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.), Arde Barinco (New Jersey, U.S.A.).
Non-limiting examples of consumer products useful herein include products fabrics, hard surfaces and any other surfaces in the area of fabric and home care, including: air care, car care, dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening), laundry detergency, laundry and rinse additive and/or care, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment, and other cleaning for onsumer or institutional use.
Fabric and Home Care Compositions
In some examples, the consumer product may include a fabric and home care composition. In some examples, the fabric and home care composition may include from about 0.01% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of microcapsules. As used herein, the term “fabric and home care compositions” include, unless otherwise indicated, granular or powder-form all-purpose or “heavy-duty” washing agents, especially cleaning detergents; liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose washing agents, especially the so-called heavy-duty liquid types; liquid fine-fabric detergents; hand dishwashing agents or light duty dishwashing agents, especially those of the high-foaming type; machine dishwashing agents, including the various tablet, granular, liquid and rinse-aid types for household and institutional use; liquid cleaning and disinfecting agents, including antibacterial hand-wash types, cleaning bars, car or carpet shampoos, bathroom cleaners including toilet bowl cleaners; and metal cleaners, fabric conditioning products including softening and/or freshening that may be in liquid, solid and/or dryer sheet form; as well as cleaning auxiliaries such as bleach additives and “stain-stick” or pre-treat types, substrate-laden products such as dryer added sheets, dry and wetted wipes and pads, nonwoven substrates, and sponges; as well as sprays and mists. All of such products which are applicable may be in standard, concentrated or even highly concentrated form even to the extent that such products may in certain aspect be non-aqueous. Compositions may also be in the form of a unit dose and may be in the form of a single unit dose or a multi-compartment unit dose.
Adjunct Materials
The fabric and home care compositions may include adjunct ingredients non-limiting examples of which include: bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structurants, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers and/or pigments, and combinations thereof. Other embodiments may not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials: bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structurants, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers and/or pigments. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the operation for which it is to be used. However, when one or more adjunct materials are present, such one or more adjunct materials may be present as detailed below. The following is a non-limiting list of suitable adjunct materials.
Deposition Aid—In some examples, the fabric and home care composition may comprise from about 0.01% to about 10%, from about 0.05 to about 5%, or from about 0.15 to about 3%, by weight of the composition, of a deposition aid. In some examples, the deposition aid may be a cationic or amphoteric polymer. In some examples, the cationic polymer may have a cationic charge density of from about 0.005 to about 23 meq/g, from about 0.01 to about 12 meq/g, or from about 0.1 to about 7 meq/g, at the pH of the composition. For amine-containing polymers, wherein the charge density depends on the pH of the composition, charge density is measured at the intended use pH of the product. Such pH will generally range from about 2 to about 11, more generally from about 2.5 to about 9.5. Charge density is calculated by dividing the number of net charges per repeating unit by the molecular weight of the repeating unit. The positive charges may be located on the backbone of the polymers and/or the side chains of polymers.
In some examples, the deposition aid may comprise a cationic acrylic based polymer. In a further aspect, the deposition aid may comprise a cationic polyacrylamide. In another aspect, the deposition aid may comprise a polymer comprising polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium cation. In another aspect, the deposition aid may comprise poly(acrylamide-N-dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate) and its quaternized derivatives.
In some examples, the deposition aid may be selected from the group consisting of cationic or amphoteric polysaccharides. In some examples, the deposition aid may be selected from the group consisting of cationic and amphoteric cellulose ethers, cationic or amphoteric galactomannan, cationic guar gum, cationic or amphoteric starch, and combinations thereof.
Another group of suitable cationic polymers may include alkylamine-epichlorohydrin polymers which are reaction products of amines and oligoamines with epichlorohydrin. Another group of suitable synthetic cationic polymers may include polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins of polyalkylenepolyamine with polycarboxylic acid. The most common PAE resins are the condensation products of diethylenetriamine with adipic acid followed by a subsequent reaction with epichlorohydrin.
The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer may be from about 500 Daltons to about 5,000,000 Daltons, or from about 1,000 Daltons to about 2,000,000 Daltons, or from about 2,500 Daltons to about 1,500,000 Daltons, as determined by size exclusion chromatography relative to polyethylene oxide standards with RI detection. In some examples, the MW of the cationic polymer may be from about 500 Daltons to about 37,500 Daltons.
Surfactants: Surfactants utilized may be of the anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic or cationic type or may comprise compatible mixtures of these types. Anionic and nonionic surfactants are typically employed if the composition is a laundry detergent. In contrast, cationic surfactants are typically employed if the composition is a fabric softener. In addition to the anionic surfactant, the compositions may further contain a nonionic surfactant. The compositions may contain up to from 0.01% to about 30%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 20%, more alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a nonionic surfactant. In some examples, the nonionic surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant. Suitable for use herein are the ethoxylated alcohols and ethoxylated alkyl phenols of the formula R(OC2H4)n OH, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and alkyl phenyl radicals in which the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms, and the average value of n is from about 5 to about 15.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are those of the formula R1(OC2H4)nOH, wherein R1 is a C10-C16 alkyl group or a C8-C12 alkyl phenyl group, and n is from 3 to about 80. In one aspect, particularly useful materials are condensation products of C9-C15 alcohols with from about 5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
The fabric and home care compositions may contain up to about 30%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 20%, more alternatively from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic surfactant. Cationic surfactants include those which can deliver fabric care benefits, non-limiting examples which include: fatty amines; quaternary ammonium surfactants; and imidazoline quat materials.
Non-limiting examples of fabric softening actives are N, N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N-(2 hydroxyethyl) N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate; 1,2 di (stearoyl-oxy) 3 trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride; dialkylenedimethylammonium salts such as dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate; 1-methyl-1-stearoylamidoethyl-2-stearoylimidazolinium methylsulfate; 1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-tallowylimidazoline; N,N″-dialkyldiethylenetriamine; the reaction product of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine or N-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine with glycolic acid, esterified with fatty acid, where the fatty acid is (hydrogenated) tallow fatty acid, palm fatty acid, hydrogenated palm fatty acid, oleic acid, rapeseed fatty acid, hydrogenated rapeseed fatty acid; polyglycerol esters (PGEs), oily sugar derivatives, and wax emulsions and a mixture of the above.
It will be understood that combinations of softener actives disclosed above are suitable for use herein.
Builders—The compositions may also contain from about 0.1% to 80% by weight of the composition of a builder. Compositions in liquid form generally contain from about 1% to 10% by weight of the composition of the builder component. Compositions in granular form generally contain from about 1% to 50% by weight of the composition of the builder component. Detergent builders are well known in the art and can contain, for example, phosphate salts as well as various organic and inorganic nonphosphorus builders. Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyhydroxy sulfonates. Examples of polyacetate and polycarboxylate builders are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid. Other polycarboxylate builders are the oxydisuccinates and the ether carboxylate builder compositions comprising a combination of tartrate monosuccinate and tartrate disuccinate. Builders for use in liquid detergents include citric acid. Suitable nonphosphorus, inorganic builders include the silicates, aluminosilicates, borates and carbonates, such as sodium and potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, tetraborate decahydrate, and silicates having a weight ratio of SiO2 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 to about 4.0, or from about 1.0 to about 2.4. Also useful are aluminosilicates including zeolites.
Dispersants—The compositions may contain from about 0.1%, to about 10%, by weight of the composition of dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid may contain at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. The dispersants may also be alkoxylated derivatives of polyamines, and/or quaternized derivatives.
Enzymes—The compositions may contain one or more detergent enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Examples of suitable enzymes include hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase, and amylases, or mixtures thereof. A typical combination may be a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase. Enzymes can be used at their art-taught levels, for example at levels recommended by suppliers such as Novozymes and Genencor. Typical levels in the compositions are from about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight of the composition. When enzymes are present, they can be used at very low levels, e.g., from about 0.001% or lower; or they can be used in heavier-duty laundry detergent formulations at higher levels, e.g., about 0.1% and higher. In accordance with a preference of some consumers for “non-biological” detergents, the compositions may be either or both enzyme-containing and enzyme-free.
Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—The compositions may also include from about 0.0001%, from about 0.01%, from about 0.05% by weight of the compositions to about 10%, about 2%, or even about 1% by weight of the compositions of one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof.
Chelant—The compositions may contain less than about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of the composition, of a chelant such as citrates; nitrogen-containing, P-free aminocarboxylates such as EDDS, EDTA and DTPA; aminophosphonates such as diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid and, ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid; nitrogen-free phosphonates e.g., HEDP; and nitrogen or oxygen containing, P-free carboxylate-free chelants such as compounds of the general class of certain macrocyclic N-ligands such as those known for use in bleach catalyst systems.
Brighteners—The compositions may also comprise a brightener (also referred to as “optical brightener”) and may include any compound that exhibits fluorescence, including compounds that absorb UV light and reemit as “blue” visible light. Non-limiting examples of useful brighteners include: derivatives of stilbene or 4,4′-diaminostilbene, biphenyl, five-membered heterocycles such as triazoles, pyrazolines, oxazoles, imidiazoles, etc., or six-membered heterocycles (coumarins, naphthalamide, s-triazine, etc.). Cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic brighteners can be used. Suitable brighteners include those commercially marketed under the trade name Tinopal-UNPA-GX® by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation (High Point, N.C.).
Bleach system—Bleach systems suitable for use herein contain one or more bleaching agents. Non-limiting examples of suitable bleaching agents include catalytic metal complexes; activated peroxygen sources; bleach activators; bleach boosters; photobleaches; bleaching enzymes; free radical initiators; H2O2; hypohalite bleaches; peroxygen sources, including perborate and/or percarbonate and combinations thereof. Suitable bleach activators include perhydrolyzable esters and perhydrolyzable imides such as, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine, octanoylcaprolactam, benzoyloxybenzenesulphonate, nonanoyloxybenzene-sulphonate, benzoylvalerolactam, dodecanoyloxybenzenesulphonate. Other bleaching agents include metal complexes of transitional metals with ligands of defined stability constants.
Stabilizer—The compositions may contain one or more stabilizers and thickeners. Any suitable level of stabilizer may be of use; exemplary levels include from about 0.01% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Non-limiting examples of stabilizers suitable for use herein include crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agents, trihydroxystearin, hydrogenated oil, or a variation thereof, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agents may be water-insoluble wax-like substances, including fatty acid, fatty ester or fatty soap. In other aspects, the crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agents may be derivatives of castor oil, such as hydrogenated castor oil derivatives, for example, castor wax. The hydroxyl containing stabilizers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,855,680 and 7,294,611. Other stabilizers include thickening stabilizers such as gums and other similar polysaccharides, for example gellan gum, carrageenan gum, and other known types of thickeners and rheological additives. Exemplary stabilizers in this class include gum-type polymers (e.g. xanthan gum), polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, cellulose and derivatives thereof including cellulose ethers and cellulose esters and tamarind gum (for example, comprising xyloglucan polymers), guar gum, locust bean gum (in some aspects comprising galactomannan polymers), and other industrial gums and polymers.
Silicones—Suitable silicones comprise Si—O moieties and may be selected from (a) non-functionalized siloxane polymers, (b) functionalized siloxane polymers, and combinations thereof. The molecular weight of the organosilicone is usually indicated by the reference to the viscosity of the material. In one aspect, the organosilicones may comprise a viscosity of from about 10 to about 2,000,000 centistokes at 25° C. In another aspect, suitable organosilicones may have a viscosity of from about 10 to about 800,000 centistokes at 25° C.
Suitable organosilicones may be linear, branched or cross-linked.
In some examples, the organosilicone may comprise a cyclic silicone. The cyclic silicone may comprise a cyclomethicone of the formula [(CH3)2SiO]n where n is an integer that may range from about 3 to about 7, or from about 5 to about 6.
In some examples, the organosilicone may comprise a functionalized siloxane polymer. Functionalized siloxane polymers may comprise one or more functional moieties selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, alkoxy, hydroxy, polyether, carboxy, hydride, mercapto, sulfate phosphate, and/or quaternary ammonium moieties. These moieties may be attached directly to the siloxane backbone through a bivalent alkylene radical, (i.e., “pendant”) or may be part of the backbone. Suitable functionalized siloxane polymers include materials selected from the group consisting of aminosilicones, amidosilicones, silicone polyethers, silicone-urethane polymers, quaternary ABn silicones, amino ABn silicones, and combinations thereof.
In some examples, the functionalized siloxane polymer may comprise a silicone polyether, also referred to as “dimethicone copolyol.” In general, silicone polyethers comprise a polydimethylsiloxane backbone with one or more polyoxyalkylene chains. The polyoxyalkylene moieties may be incorporated in the polymer as pendent chains or as terminal blocks. In some examples, the functionalized siloxane polymer may comprise an aminosilicone.
In some examples, the organosilicone may comprise amine ABn silicones and quat ABn silicones. Such organosilicones are generally produced by reacting a diamine with an epoxide.
In some examples, the functionalized siloxane polymer may comprise silicone-urethanes. These are commercially available from Wacker Silicones under the trade name SLM-21200®.
Perfume: The optional perfume component may comprise a component selected from the group consisting of
Porous Carrier Microcapsule—A portion of the perfume composition can also be absorbed onto and/or into a porous carrier, such as zeolites or clays, to form perfume porous carrier microcapsules in order to reduce the amount of free perfume in the multiple use fabric conditioning composition.
Pro-perfume—The perfume composition may additionally include a pro-perfume. Pro-perfumes may comprise nonvolatile materials that release or convert to a perfume material as a result of, e.g., simple hydrolysis, or may be pH-change-triggered pro-perfumes (e.g. triggered by a pH drop) or may be enzymatically releasable pro-perfumes, or light-triggered pro-perfumes. The pro-perfumes may exhibit varying release rates depending upon the pro-perfume chosen.
Fabric Hueing Agents—The composition may comprise a fabric hueing agent (sometimes referred to as shading, bluing or whitening agents). Typically the hueing agent provides a blue or violet shade to fabric. Hueing agents can be used either alone or in combination to create a specific shade of hueing and/or to shade different fabric types. This may be provided for example by mixing a red and green-blue dye to yield a blue or violet shade. Hueing agents may be selected from any known chemical class of dye, including but not limited to acridine, anthraquinone (including polycyclic quinones), azine, azo (e.g., monoazo, disazo, trisazo, tetrakisazo, polyazo), including premetallized azo, benzodifurane and benzodifuranone, carotenoid, coumarin, cyanine, diazahemicyanine, diphenylmethane, formazan, hemicyanine, indigoids, methane, naphthalimides, naphthoquinone, nitro and nitroso, oxazine, phthalocyanine, pyrazoles, stilbene, styryl, triarylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthenes and mixtures thereof. Suitable fabric hueing agents include dyes, dye-clay conjugates, and organic and inorganic pigments. Suitable dyes include small molecule dyes and polymeric dyes. Suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of dyes falling into the Colour Index (C.I.) classifications of Acid, Direct, Basic, Reactive or hydrolysed Reactive, Solvent or Disperse dyes for example that are classified as Blue, Violet, Red, Green or Black, and provide the desired shade either alone or in combination. In another aspect, suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of Colour Index (Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK) numbers Direct Violet dyes such as 9, 35, 48, 51, 66, and 99, Direct Blue dyes such as 1, 71, 80 and 279, Acid Red dyes such as 17, 73, 52, 88 and 150, Acid Violet dyes such as 15, 17, 24, 43, 49 and 50, Acid Blue dyes such as 15, 17, 25, 29, 40, 45, 75, 80, 83, 90 and 113, Acid Black dyes such as 1, Basic Violet dyes such as 1, 3, 4, 10 and 35, Basic Blue dyes such as 3, 16, 22, 47, 66, 75 and 159, Disperse or Solvent dyes U.S. Pat. No. 8,268,016 B2, or dyes as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,208,459 B2, and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of C. I. numbers Acid Violet 17, Acid Blue 80, Acid Violet 50, Direct Blue 71, Direct Violet 51, Direct Blue 1, Acid Red 88, Acid Red 150, Acid Blue 29, Acid Blue 113 or mixtures thereof.
Suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of polymers containing covalently bound (sometimes referred to as conjugated) chromogens, (dye-polymer conjugates), for example polymers with chromogens co-polymerized into the backbone of the polymer and mixtures thereof. Polymeric dyes include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,686,892 B2.
In some examples, suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of fabric-substantive colorants sold under the name of Liquitint® (Milliken, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA), dye-polymer conjugates formed from at least one reactive dye and a polymer selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl moiety, a primary amine moiety, a secondary amine moiety, a thiol moiety and mixtures thereof. In some examples, suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of Liquitint® Violet CT, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) covalently bound to a reactive blue, reactive violet or reactive red dye such as CMC conjugated with C.I. Reactive Blue 19, sold by Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland under the product name AZO-CM-CELLULOSE, product code S-ACMC, alkoxylated triphenyl-methane polymeric colourants, alkoxylated thiophene polymeric colourants, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable dye clay conjugates include dye clay conjugates selected from the group comprising at least one cationic/basic dye and a smectite clay, and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, suitable dye clay conjugates include dye clay conjugates selected from the group consisting of one cationic/basic dye selected from the group consisting of C.I. Basic Yellow 1 through 108, C.I. Basic Orange 1 through 69, C.I. Basic Red 1 through 118, C.I. Basic Violet 1 through 51, C.I. Basic Blue 1 through 164, C.I. Basic Green 1 through 14, C.I. Basic Brown 1 through 23, CI Basic Black 1 through 11, and a clay selected from the group consisting of Montmorillonite clay, Hectorite clay, Saponite clay and mixtures thereof. In still another aspect, suitable dye clay conjugates include dye clay conjugates selected from the group consisting of: Montmorillonite Basic Blue B7 C.I. 42595 conjugate, Montmorillonite Basic Blue B9 C.I. 52015 conjugate, Montmorillonite Basic Violet V3 C.I. 42555 conjugate, Montmorillonite Basic Green G1 C.I. 42040 conjugate, Montmorillonite Basic Red R1 C.I. 45160 conjugate, Montmorillonite C.I. Basic Black 2 conjugate, Hectorite Basic Blue B7 C.I. 42595 conjugate, Hectorite Basic Blue B9 C.I. 52015 conjugate, Hectorite Basic Violet V3 C.I. 42555 conjugate, Hectorite Basic Green G1 C.I. 42040 conjugate, Hectorite Basic Red R1 C.I. 45160 conjugate, Hectorite C.I. Basic Black 2 conjugate, Saponite Basic Blue B7 C.I. 42595 conjugate, Saponite Basic Blue B9 C.I. 52015 conjugate, Saponite Basic Violet V3 C.I. 42555 conjugate, Saponite Basic Green G1 C.I. 42040 conjugate, Saponite Basic Red R1 C.I. 45160 conjugate, Saponite C.I. Basic Black 2 conjugate and mixtures thereof.
The hueing agent may be incorporated into the composition as part of a reaction mixture which is the result of the organic synthesis for a dye molecule, with optional purification step(s). Such reaction mixtures generally comprise the dye molecule itself and in addition may comprise un-reacted starting materials and/or by-products of the organic synthesis route.
Suitable pigments include pigments selected from the group consisting of flavanthrone, indanthrone, chlorinated indanthrone containing from 1 to 4 chlorine atoms, pyranthrone, dichloropyranthrone, monobromodichloropyranthrone, dibromodichloropyranthrone, tetrabromopyranthrone, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, wherein the imide groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C3-alkyl or a phenyl or heterocyclic radical, and wherein the phenyl and heterocyclic radicals may additionally carry substituents which do not confer solubility in water, anthrapyrimidinecarboxylic acid amides, violanthrone, isoviolanthrone, dioxazine pigments, copper phthalocyanine which may contain up to 2 chlorine atoms per molecule, polychloro-copper phthalocyanine or polybromochloro-copper phthalocyanine containing up to 14 bromine atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, suitable pigments include pigments selected from the group consisting of Ultramarine Blue (C.I. Pigment Blue 29), Ultramarine Violet (C.I. Pigment Violet 15), Monastral Blue and mixtures thereof.
The aforementioned fabric hueing agents can be used in combination (any mixture of fabric hueing agents can be used).
Structurants—Useful structurant materials that may be added to adequately suspend the benefit agent containing delivery particles include polysaccharides, for example, gellan gum, waxy maize or dent corn starch, octenyl succinated starches, derivatized starches such as hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated starches, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof; modified celluloses such as hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, hydroxy propyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof; modified proteins such as gelatin; hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated polyalkenes, and mixtures thereof; inorganic salts, for example, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium formate, magnesium formate, aluminum chloride, potassium permanganate, laponite clay, bentonite clay and mixtures thereof; polysaccharides in combination with inorganic salts; quaternized polymeric materials, for example, polyether amines, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, diester ditallow ammonium chloride; imidazoles; nonionic polymers with a pKa less than 6.0, for example polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneimine ethoxylate; polyurethanes. Such materials can be obtained from CP Kelco Corp. of San Diego, California, USA; Degussa AG or Dusseldorf, Germany; BASF AG of Ludwigshafen, Germany; Rhodia Corp. of Cranbury, New Jersey, USA; Baker Hughes Corp. of Houston, Texas, USA; Hercules Corp. of Wilmington, Deleware, USA; Agrium Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ISP of New Jersey, U.S.A.
Anti-agglomeration agents—Useful anti-agglomeration agent materials include, divalent salts such as magnesium salts, for example, magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium formate, magnesium boride, magnesium titanate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; calcium salts, for example, calcium chloride, calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium bromide; trivalent salts, such as aluminum salts, for example, aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum chloride hydrate and polymers that have the ability to suspend anionic particles such as suspension polymers, for example, polyethylene imines, alkoxylated polyethylene imines, polyquaternium-6 and polyquaternium-7.
Coatings—In some examples, the microcapsules are manufactured and are subsequently coated with an additional material. Non-limiting examples of coating materials include but are not limited to materials selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene-maleic anhydride), polyamine, wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-ethyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone methylacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polysiloxane, poly(propylene maleic anhydride), maleic anhydride derivatives, co-polymers of maleic anhydride derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene latex, gelatin, gum Arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, other modified celluloses, sodium alginate, chitosan, casein, pectin, modified starch, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its co polymers, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, polyallyl amines and copolymers of polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, and polyallyl amines and mixtures thereof. Such materials can be obtained from CP Kelco Corp. of San Diego, California, USA; Degussa AG or Dusseldorf, Germany; BASF AG of Ludwigshafen, Germany; Rhodia Corp. of Cranbury, New Jersey, USA; Baker Hughes Corp. of Houston, Texas, USA; Hercules Corp. of Wilmington, Deleware, USA; Agrium Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ISP of New Jersey U.S.A.
Formaldehyde scavenger—In some examples, the microcapsules may be combined with a formaldehyde scavenger. Suitable formaldehyde scavengers include materials selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, melamine, urea, ethylene urea, cysteine, cysteamine, lysine, glycine, serine, carnosine, histidine, glutathione, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, allantoin, glycouril, anthranilic acid, methyl anthranilate, methyl 4-aminobenzoate, ethyl acetoacetate, acetoacetamide, malonamide, ascorbic acid, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer, biuret, oxamide, benzoguanamine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrogallol, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, triethanol amine, succinamide, thiabendazole, benzotriazol, triazole, indoline, sulfanilic acid, oxamide, sorbitol, glucose, cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), partially hydrolyzed poly(vinylformamide), poly(vinyl amine), poly(ethylene imine), poly(oxyalkyleneamine), poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinyl amine), poly(4-aminostyrene), poly(1-lysine), chitosan, hexane diol, ethylenediamine-N,N′-bisacetoacetamide, N-(2-ethylhexyl)acetoacetamide, 2-benzoylacetoacetamide, N-(3-phenylpropyl)acetoacetamide, lilial, helional, melonal, triplal, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione, 2-pentanone, dibutyl amine, triethylenetetramine, ammonium hydroxide, benzylamine, hydroxycitronellol, cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, pentane dione, dehydroacetic acid, or a mixture thereof. These formaldehyde scavengers may be obtained from Sigma/Aldrich/Fluka of St. Louis, Mo. U.S.A. or PolySciences, Inc. of Warrington, Pa., U.S.A. Such formaldehyde scavengers are typically combined with a slurry containing said benefit agent containing delivery particle, at a level, based on total slurry weight, of from about 2 wt. % to about 18 wt. %, from about 3.5 wt. % to about 14 wt. % or even from about 5 wt. % to about 13 wt. %.
In some examples, such formaldehyde scavengers may be combined with a product containing microcapsules, said scavengers being combined with said product at a level, based on total product weight, of from about 0.005% to about 0.8%, alternatively from about 0.03% to about 0.5%, alternatively from about 0.065% to about 0.25% of the product formulation.
In some examples, such formaldehyde scavengers may be combined with a slurry containing said benefit agent containing delivery particle, at a level, based on total slurry weight, of from about 2 wt. % to about 14 wt. %, from about 3.5 wt. % to about 14 wt. % or even from about 5 wt. % to about 14 wt. % and said slurry may be added to a product matrix to which addition an identical or different scavenger may be added at a level, based on total product weight, of from about 0.005% to about 0.5%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 0.25%, alternatively from about 0.05% to about 0.15% of the product formulation,
In some examples, one or more of the aforementioned formaldehyde scavengers may be combined with a liquid fabric enhancing product containing a benefit agent containing delivery particle at a level, based on total liquid fabric enhancing product weight, of from 0.005% to about 0.8%, alternatively from about 0.03% to about 0.4%, alternatively from about 0.06% to about 0.25% of the product formulation
In some examples, such formaldehyde scavengers may be combined with a consumer product, for example, a liquid laundry detergent product containing microcapsules, said scavengers being selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, melamine, urea, ethylene urea, cysteine, cysteamine, lysine, glycine, serine, carnosine, histidine, glutathione, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, allantoin, glycouril, anthranilic acid, methyl anthranilate, methyl 4-aminobenzoate, ethyl acetoacetate, acetoacetamide, malonamide, ascorbic acid, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer, biuret, oxamide, benzoguanamine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrogallol, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, triethanol amine, succinamide, thiabendazole, benzotriazol, triazole, indoline, sulfanilic acid, oxamide, sorbitol, glucose, cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), partially hydrolyzed poly(vinylformamide), poly(vinyl amine), poly(ethylene imine), poly(oxyalkyleneamine), poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinyl amine), poly(4-aminostyrene), poly(1-lysine), chitosan, hexane diol, ethylenediamine-N,N′-bisacetoacetamide, N-(2-ethylhexyl)acetoacetamide, 2-benzoylacetoacetamide, N-(3-phenylpropyl)acetoacetamide, lilial, helional, melonal, triplal, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione, 2-pentanone, dibutyl amine, triethylenetetramine, ammonium hydroxide, benzylamine, hydroxycitronellol, cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, pentane dione, dehydroacetic acid and mixtures thereof, and combined with said liquid laundry detergent product at a level, based on total liquid laundry detergent product weight, of from about 0.003 wt. % to about 0.20 wt. %, from about 0.03 wt. % to about 0.20 wt. % or even from about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.14 wt. %.
In some examples, such formaldehyde scavengers may be combined with a hair conditioning product containing microcapsules, at a level, based on total hair conditioning product weight, of from about 0.003 wt. % to about 0.30 wt. %, from about 0.03 wt. % to about 0.20 wt. % or even from about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.14 wt. %, said selection of scavengers being identical to the list of scavengers in the previous paragraph relating to a liquid laundry detergent product.
Test Methods
It is understood that the test methods that are disclosed in the Test Methods Section of the present application should be used to determine the respective values of the parameters of Applicants' invention as such invention is described and claimed herein.
(1) Fracture Strength
a.) Place 1 gram of particles in 1 liter of distilled deionized (DI) water.
b.) Permit the particles to remain in the DI water for 10 minutes and then recover the particles by filtration.
c.) Determine the average rupture force of the particles by averaging the rupture force of 50 individual particles. The rupture force of a particle is determined using the procedure given in Zhang, Z.; Sun, G; “Mechanical Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde microcapsules,” J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593-602, 2001. Then calculate the average fracture strength by dividing the average rupture force (in Newtons) by the average cross-sectional area of the spherical particle (πr2, where r is the radius of the particle before compression), said average cross-sectional area being determined as follows:
(i) Place 1 gram of particles in 1 liter of distilled deionized (DI) water.
(ii) Permit the particles to remain in the DI water for 10 minutes and then recover the particles by filtration.
(iii) Determine the particle size distribution of the particle sample by measuring the particle size of 50 individual particles using the experimental apparatus and method of Zhang, Z.; Sun, G; “Mechanical Properties of MelamineFormaldehyde microcapsules,” J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593-602, 2001.
(iv) Average the 50 independent particle diameter measurements to obtain an o average particle diameter.
d) For a capsule slurry, the sample is divided into three particle size fractions covering the particle size distribution. Per particle size fraction about 30 fracture strengths are determined.
(2) ClogP
“log P” is the octanol water partitioning coefficient and “Clog P” is the calculated log P computed by the Consensus algorithm implemented in ACD/Percepta version 14.02 by Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs, Toronto, Canada).
(3) Boiling Point
Boiling point is measured by ASTM method D2887-04a, “Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography,” ASTM International.
(4) Volume Weight Fractions
Volume weight fractions are determined via the method of single-particle optical sensing (SPOS), also called optical particle counting (OPC). Volume weight fractions are determined via an AccuSizer 780/AD supplied by Particle Sizing Systems of Santa Barbara Calif., U.S.A. or equivalent.
Procedure:
1) Put the sensor in a cold state by flushing water through the sensor;
2) Confirm background counts are less than 100 (if more than 100, continue the flush)
3) Prepare particle standard: pipette approx. 1 ml of shaken particles into a blender filled with approx. 2 cups of DI water. Blend it. Pipette approx. 1 ml of diluted, blended particles into 50 ml of DI water.
4) Measure particle standard: pipette approx. 1 ml of double diluted standard into Accusizer bulb. Press the start measurement-Autodilution button. Confirm particles counts are more than 9200 by looking in the status bar. If counts are less than 9200, press stop and 10 inject more sample.
5) Immediately after measurement, inject one full pipette of soap (5% Micro 90) into bulb and press the Start Automatic Flush Cycles button.
(5) Volume Weighted Fracture Strength (VWFS)
VWFS=(fracture strength1×volume fraction1)+(fracture strength2×volume fraction2)+(fracture strength3×volume fraction3)
Fracture strength1=average fracture strength measured from a pool of 10 microcapsules (with similar particle size)
Volume fraction1=volume fraction determined via Accusizer of particle distribution corresponding to fracture strength1
The spread around the fracture strength to determine the volume fraction is determined as follows:
For particle batches with a mean particle sizes of about 15 micrometers a spread of about 10 micrometers is used, for particle batches with a mean particle sizes of about 30 micrometers and above, a spread of about 10 to 15 micrometers is used.
(6) Benefit Agent Leakage Test
a.) Obtain 2, one gram samples of benefit agent particle composition.
b.) Add 1 gram (Sample 1) of particle composition to 99 grams of product matrix that the particle will be employed in and with the second sample immediately proceed to Step d below.
c.) Age the particle containing product matrix (Sample 1) of a.) above for 2 weeks at 35° C. in a sealed, glass jar.
d.) Recover the particle composition's particles from the product matrix of c.) (Sample 1 in product matrix) and from particle composition (Sample 2) above by filtration.
e.) Treat each particle sample from d.) above with a solvent that will extract all the benefit agent from each samples' particles.
f.) Inject the benefit agent containing solvent from each sample from e.) above into a Gas Chromatograph and integrate the peak areas to determine the total quantity of benefit agent extracted from each sample.
g.) The benefit agent leakage is defined as:
Value from f.) above for Sample 2−Value from f.) above for Sample 1.
(7) Test Method for Determining Median Volume-Weighted Particle Size of Microcapsules
One skilled in the art will recognize that various protocols may be constructed for the extraction and isolation of microcapsules from finished products, and will recognize that such methods require validation via a comparison of the resulting measured values, as measured before and after the microcapsules' addition to and extraction from the finished product. The isolated microcapsules are then formulated in deionized water to form a capsule slurry for characterization for particle size distribution.
The median volume-weighted particle size of the microcapsules is measured using an Accusizer 780A, made by Particle Sizing Systems, Santa Barbara Calif., or equivalent. The instrument is calibrated from 0 to 300 μm using particle size standards (as available from Duke/Thermo-Fisher-Scientific Inc., Waltham, Mass., USA). Samples for particle size evaluation are prepared by diluting about 1 g of capsule slurry in about 5 g of de-ionized water and further diluting about 1 g of this solution in about 25 g of water. About 1 g of the most dilute sample is added to the Accusizer and the testing initiated using the autodilution feature. The Accusizer should be reading in excess of 9200 counts/second. If the counts are less than 9200 additional sample should be added. Dilute the test sample until 9200 counts/second and then the evaluation should be initiated. After 2 minutes of testing the Accusizer will display the results, including the median volume-weighted particle size.
The following examples illustrate the present invention. The exemplified compositions may be prepared by conventional formulation and mixing techniques. It will be appreciated that other modifications of the present invention within the skill of those in the art may be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components may come from suppliers as dilute solutions. The amount stated reflects the weight percent of the active material, unless otherwise specified.
The following are non-limiting examples of microcapsules and compositions described herein.
A perfume composition, called Scent A, is utilized to prepare the examples of the invention. The table below lists the ingredients of Scent A. Table 2 provides the ClogP breakdown of the perfume oil encapsulated.
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g of perfume Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 1800-2500 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is then held at 50° C. for 45 minutes. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 12.6 microns, a fracture strength of 7.68±2.0 MPa, and a deformation at fracture of 51%±20%.
An oil solution, consisting of 96 g Perfume Oil, 64 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 1800-2500 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is then held at 50° C. for 45 minutes. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 12.6 microns, a fracture strength of 2.60±1.2 MPa, 37%±15% deformation at fracture.
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g Perfume Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 1800-2500 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is then held at 50° C. for 45 minutes. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 26.1 microns, a fracture strength of 1.94±1.2 MPa, 30%±14% deformation at fracture.
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g Perfume Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 1800-2500 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is then held at 50° C. for 45 minutes. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 10.0 microns, a fracture strength of 7.64±2.2 MPa, 56%±20% deformation at fracture.
A perfume composition, called Scent B, is utilized to prepare additional examples of the invention. The table below lists the ingredients of Scent B.
An oil solution, consisting of 123.4 g Perfume Oil (Scent B), 100.9 g isopropyl myristate, 1.2 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.95 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 400 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 313 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 3.8 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.4 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.70 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution B, add 0.26 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.26 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 21.5 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution D. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution D into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 2500 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 11.8 microns.
An oil solution, consisting of 123.4 g Perfume Oil (Scent B), 100.9 g isopropyl myristate, 1.2 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.95 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 400 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution B.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 313 g of deionized water to which is dispersed in 3.8 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25° C. The mixture is heated to 85° C. and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30° C. 1.4 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.70 grams of a 40% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is then heated to 50° C., and the solution is maintained at that temperature.
To oil solution B, add 0.26 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.26 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 21.5 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This mixture is hereafter referred to as oil solution D. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator to achieve the desired oil-in-water emulsion particle size.
Start a nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring oil solution D into the aqueous solution in the reactor with minimal mixing. Increase the agitation of mixing to 1100 rpm for a period of 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The temperature is then increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 48.7 microns.
An aqueous solution, consisting of 6.06 g Celvol 523 polyvinyl alcohol (Celanese Chemicals) and 193.94 g deionized water, is added into a temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor at room temperature. Then an oil solution, consisting of 75 g Scent A and 25 g Desmodur N3400 (polymeric hexamethylene diisocyanate), is added into the reactor. The mixture is emulsified with a propeller (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade; 2200 rpm) to desired emulsion droplet size. The resulting emulsion is then mixed with a Z-bar propeller at 450 rpm. An aqueous solution, consisting of 47 g water and 2.68 g tetraethylenepentamine, is added into the emulsion. And it is then heated to 60° C., held at 60° C. for 8 hours, and allowed to cool to room temperature. The median particle size of the formed microcapsules is 10 microns.
Prepare the Oil Phase by adding 4.44 grams of isophorone diisocyanate (Sigma Aldrich) to 5.69 grams of Scent A perfume oil. Prepare a Water Phase by mixing 1.67 grams of Ethylene Diamine (Sigma Aldrich) and 0.04 grams of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Sigma Aldrich) into 40 grams of a 5 wt % aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (Sigma Aldrich) at 10 degrees Centigrade. Next, add the Oil Phase contents to 15.0 grams of a 5 wt % aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (Sigma Aldrich), while agitating the mix at 1400 RPM using a Janke & Kunkel IKA Laboretechnik RW20 DZM motor with a 3-blade turbine agitator for approximately 9 minutes. Next, add the addition of the Water Phase into the emulsified Oil Phase dropwise over a 6.5 minute period, while continuing to agitate at 1400 RPM. Continue to agitate for 23 minutes, then reduce the agitation speed to 1000 RPM. After 3.75 additional hours, reduce the agitation speed to 500 RPM, and continue to agitate for 14 hours. Start heating the dispersion to 50 degrees Centigrade, over a 2 hour period. Age the capsules at 50 C for 2 hours, then collect the formed microcapsules. The resulting polyurea/urethane particles have a median particle size of 12 microns.
The same procedure as outlined in Example 12 is followed, except that the Perfume Oil comprises 80 wt % Scent A and 20 wt % Isopropyl Myristate. The formed microcapsules have a median particle size of 11 microns.
The same procedure as outlined in Example 12 is followed, except that the Perfume Oil comprises 60 wt % Scent A and 40 wt % Isopropyl Myristate. The formed microcapsules have a median particle size of 11 microns.
In a 400 mL beaker, 5.5 g resorcinol are dissolved in water while stirring (stirring speed: approximately 1,500 rpm) and then mixed with 2.0 g sodium carbonate solution (20 wt %), upon which the pH is 7.9. The solution is heated to a temperature of approximately 52° C. 25.5 g glutardialdehyde are then added. The mixture is stirred for approximately an additional 10 minutes at a stirring speed of approximately 1,500 rpm and a temperature of approximately 52° C. (pre-condensation time). Afterward, approximately 20 g water are added and approximately 2 minutes later, 1 g of one of the protective colloids (a) copolymer 1.1a, (b) copolymer 1.1b and (c) poly-AMPS (AMPS homopolymer) is added and approximately another 2 minutes later 45 g butyl phenylacetate (CAS No. 122-43-0; aromatic substance with a honey-like aroma) and 10 g isopropyl myristate (CAS No. 110-27-0; odorless diluent for aroma oils) are added. Immediately afterward, the stirring speed is increased to approximately 4,000 rpm and at approximately the same time, 20.0 g sodium carbonate solution (20 wt %) are added. Afterward the pH of the mixture is approximately 9.7. Subsequently, the viscosity and the volume of the mixture increase. Stirring is continued at a stirring speed of approximately 4,000 rpm until the viscosity drops again. Only then is the stirring speed reduced to approximately 1,500 rpm. The preparation is stirred for an additional approximately 60 minutes at a temperature of approximately 52° C. and at a roughly constant stirring speed. This phase is also called the dwell phase. The mixture is then heated to approximately 80° C. and the capsules are hardened at this temperature for a period of 3 hours.
The perfume microcapsule slurry of Example 1 is pumped at a rate of 1 kg/hr into a co-current spray dryer (Niro Production Minor, 1.2 meter diameter) and atomized using a centrifugal wheel (100 mm diameter) rotating at 18,000 RPM. Dryer operating conditions are: air flow of 80 kg/hr, an inlet air temperature of 200 degrees Centigrade, an outlet temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade, dryer operating at a pressure of −150 millimeters of water vacuum. The dried powder is collected at the bottom of a cyclone. The collected particles have an approximate particle diameter of 11 microns. The equipment used the spray drying process may be obtained from the following suppliers: IKA Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Janke and Kunkel—Str. 10, D79219 Staufen, Germany; Niro A/S Gladsaxevej 305, P.O. Box 45, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark and Watson-Marlow Bredel Pumps Limited, Falmouth, Cornwall, TR11 4RU, England.
The perfume microcapsule slurry of Example 2 is pumped at a rate of 1 kg/hr into a co-current spray dryer (Niro Production Minor, 1.2 meter diameter) and atomized using a centrifugal wheel (100 mm diameter) rotating at 18,000 RPM. Dryer operating conditions are: air flow of 80 kg/hr, an inlet air temperature of 200 degrees Centigrade, an outlet temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade, dryer operating at a pressure of −150 millimeters of water vacuum. The dried powder is collected at the bottom of a cyclone. The collected particles have an approximate particle diameter of 11 microns. The equipment used the spray drying process may be obtained from the following suppliers: IKA Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Janke and Kunkel—Str. 10, D79219 Staufen, Germany; Niro A/S Gladsaxevej 305, P.O. Box 45, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark and Watson-Marlow Bredel Pumps Limited, Falmouth, Cornwall, TR11 4RU, England.
The following surfactant/polymer liquid processing composition is prepared at the indicated weight percentages as described in Table 4 below.
1Sigma-Aldrich Catalog No. 363081, MW 85,000-124,000, 87-89% hydrolyzed
2McIntyre Group Ltd, University Park, IL, Mackam HPL-28ULS
3UCARE ™ Polymer LR-400, available from Amerchol Corporation (Plaquemine, Louisiana)
A target weight of 300 grams of the above composition is prepared with the use of a conventional overhead stirrer (IKA® RW20DZM Stirrer available from IKA® Works, Inc., Wilmington, Del.) and a hot plate (Corning Incorporated Life Sciences, Lowell, Mass.). Into an appropriately sized and cleaned vessel, the distilled water and glycerin are added with stirring at 100-150 rpm. The cationic polymer, when present, is then slowly added with constant stirring until homogenous. The polyvinyl alcohol is weighed into a suitable container and slowly added to the main mixture in small increments using a spatula while continuing to stir while avoiding the formation of visible lumps. The mixing speed is adjusted to minimize foam formation. The mixture is slowly heated to 80° C. after which surfactants are added. The mixture is then heated to 85° C. while continuing to stir and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Additional distilled water is added to compensate for water lost to evaporation (based on the original tare weight of the container). The final pH is between 5.2-6.6 and adjusted with citric acid or diluted sodium hydroxide if necessary. The resulting processing mixture viscosity is measured.
A porous dissolvable solid substrate (also referred to in the examples herein as “substrate”) is prepared from the above liquid processing mixture as described in Table 5 below.
300 grams of the processing mixture is stored within a convection oven for greater than two hours at 70° C. to pre-heat the processing mixture. The mixture is then transferred into a pre-heated 5 quart stainless steel bowl (by placing into 70° C. oven for greater than 15 minutes) of a KITCHENAID® Mixer Model K5SS (available from Hobart Corporation, Troy, Ohio) fitted with a flat beater attachment and with a water bath attachment comprising tap water at 70-75° C. The mixture is vigorously aerated at a maximum speed setting of 10 until a wet density of approximately 0.26 grams/cm3 is achieved (time recorded in table). The density is measured by weighing a filling a cup with a known volume and evenly scraping off the top of the cup with a spatula. The resulting aerated mixture is then spread with a spatula into square 160 mm×160 mm aluminum molds with a depth of 6.5 mm with the excess wet foam being removed with the straight edge of a large metal spatula that is held at a 45° angle and slowly dragged uniformly across the mold surface. The aluminum molds are then placed into a 130° C. convection oven for approximately 35 to 45 minutes. The molds are allowed to cool to room temperature with the substantially dry porous dissolvable solid substrates removed from the molds with the aid of a thin spatula and tweezers.
Each of the resulting 160 mm×160 mm square substrates is cut into nine 43 mm×43 mm squares (with rounded edges) using a cutting die and a Samco SB20 cutting machine (each square representing surface area of approximately 16.9 cm2). The resulting smaller substrates are then equilibrated overnight (14 hours) in a constant environment room kept at 70° F. and 50% relative humidity within large zip-lock bags that are left open to the room atmosphere.
Within a fume hood, the substrate is mounted on a stainless steel easel that rests at about a 60 degree angle and with notches holding the substrate from sliding downward and with a hole in plate so that the substrate can easily be removed from the mount by pushing from the easel. It is important that the top surface of the substrate (the side that is exposed to the air in the drying oven and opposite the side that is in direct contact with the aluminum mold during the drying process) is facing away from the easel. A small glass bottle with a pump spray is filled with the primary perfume oil 1a and then sprayed onto the surface of the substrate from a distance of 2 to 3 inches. The substrate is then removed from the easel and returned to the weigh boat on the balance with the top side facing upwards. The weight of perfume applied is recorded and in the instance that the target weight is not achieved, either another spray amount is applied or a Kim wipe to absorb excess perfume away from the substrate. This iterative process is repeated until the target weight range is achieved. The amount of perfume 1a applied is recorded in the below table. The resulting substrate resting on the small weigh boat is stored within a zip-lock bag and sealed from the atmosphere. The above process is repeated on a second substrate.
The first substrate within its weigh boat is later removed from the zip-lock bag and tared again to zero weight on a 4 place weigh balance. A perfume microcapsule of Example 9 is then applied to the surface of each substrate. The substrate is coated with the perfume microcapsule powder by gently shaking the substrate in a tray (or other suitable container) containing an excess of the perfume microcapsules in a side-to-side manner ten times (the process is repeated for the other side). A perfume microcapsule of Example 10 is then applied to the surface of each substrate. A similar process is used to coat each side of the substrate as was done with perfume microcapsules of Example 9. The resulting powder coated substrate is then picked up (with gloved hands) and gently shaken and tapped several times to remove any excess powder that is not sufficiently adhered to the substrate. The resulting weight of the microcapsules of the secondary perfume s applied is recorded in the below table. The porous substrate within its weigh boat is then returned the zip lock bag and sealed from the atmosphere. This powder application process is repeated for the second substrate.
The final weights achieved are given in the below table 6:
(1) Optional.
(2) Mixture of the microcapsules of Examples 15 & 16 at a 1:1 weight ratio.
(1) Optional.
(2) Mixture of the microcapsules of Examples 15 & 16 at a 1:1 weight ratio.
The typical pH is about 10.
(1) Optional.
(2) Mixture of the microcapsules of Examples 15 & 16 at a 1:1 weight ratio.
Raw Materials and Notes for Composition Examples
LAS is linear alkylbenzenesulfonate having an average aliphatic carbon chain length C9-C15 supplied by Stepan, Northfield, Illinois, USA or Huntsman Corp. (HLAS is acid form).
C12-14 Dimethylhydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, supplied by Clariant GmbH, Germany AE3S is C12-15 alkyl ethoxy (3) sulfate supplied by Stepan, Northfield, Illinois, USA
AE7 is C12-15 alcohol ethoxylate, with an average degree of ethoxylation of 7, supplied by Huntsman, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
AES is C10-18 alkyl ethoxy sulfate supplied by Shell Chemicals.
AE9 is C12-13 alcohol ethoxylate, with an average degree of ethoxylation of 9, supplied by Huntsman, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
HSAS or HC1617HSAS is a mid-branched primary alkyl sulfate with average carbon chain length of about 16-17
Sodium tripolyphosphate is supplied by Rhodia, Paris, France
Zeolite A is supplied by Industrial Zeolite (UK) Ltd, Grays, Essex, UK
1.6R Silicate is supplied by Koma, Nestemica, Czech Republic
Sodium Carbonate is supplied by Solvay, Houston, Texas, USA
Polyacrylate MW 4500 is supplied by BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Carboxymethyl cellulose is Finnfix® V supplied by CP Kelco, Arnhem, Netherlands Suitable chelants are, for example, diethylenetetraamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) supplied by Dow Chemical, Midland, Mich., USA or Hydroxyethane di phosphonate (HEDP) supplied by Solutia, St Louis, Missouri, USA Bagsvaerd, Denmark
Savinase®, Natalase®, Stainzyme®, Lipex®, Celluclean™, Mannaway® and Whitezyme® are all products of Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
Proteases may be supplied by Genencor International, Palo Alto, California, USA (e.g. Purafect Prime®) or by Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark (e.g. Liquanase®, Coronase®). Fluorescent Brightener 1 is Tinopal® AMS, Fluorescent Brightener 2 is Tinopal® CBS-X, Sulphonated zinc phthalocyanine and Direct Violet 9 is Pergasol® Violet BN-Z all supplied by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland
Sodium percarbonate supplied by Solvay, Houston, Texas, USA
Sodium perborate is supplied by Degussa, Hanau, Germany
NOBS is sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, supplied by Future Fuels, Batesville, USA
TAED is tetraacetylethylenediamine, supplied under the Peractive® brand name by Clariant GmbH, Sulzbach, Germany
S-ACMC is carboxymethylcellulose conjugated with C.I. Reactive Blue 19, sold by Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland under the product name AZO-CM-CELLULOSE, product code S-ACMC.
Soil release agent is Repel-o-tex® PF, supplied by Rhodia, Paris, France
Acrylic Acid/Maleic Acid Copolymer is molecular weight 70,000 and acrylate:maleate ratio 70:30, supplied by BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Na salt of Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid, (S,S) isomer (EDDS) is supplied by Octel, Ellesmere Port, UK
Hydroxyethane di phosphonate (HEDP) is supplied by Dow Chemical, Midland, Michigian, USA
Suds suppressor agglomerate is supplied by Dow Corning, Midland, Michigian, USA
HSAS is mid-branched alkyl sulfate as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,020,303, 6,060,443
C12-14 dimethyl Amine Oxide is supplied by Procter & Gamble Chemicals, Cincinnati, USA
Random graft copolymer is a polyvinyl acetate grafted polyethylene oxide copolymer having a polyethylene oxide backbone and multiple polyvinyl acetate side chains. The molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide backbone is about 6000 and the weight ratio of the polyethylene oxide to polyvinyl acetate is about 40:60 and no more than 1 grafting point per 50 ethylene oxide units.
Ethoxylated polyethyleneimine is polyethyleneimine (MW=600) with 20 ethoxylate groups per-NH.
Cationic cellulose polymer is LK400, LR400 and/or JR30M from Amerchol Corporation, Edgewater NJ
Note: all enzyme levels are expressed as % enzyme raw material.
1Mixture of the microcapsules of Examples 15 & 16 at a 1:1 weight ratio or mixture of the microcapsules of Examples 1 & 2 & at a 1:1 weight ratio.
The overall profile of a product's perfume is determined by measuring the olfactive intensity of said perfume at the following touch points: washing machine opening, room bloom at 20 minutes, wet fabric odor, dry fabric odor and rubbed fabric odor. Such olfactive intensity is measured using the perfume washing protocol for assessing multiple bloom that is provided below.
On the scale of odor intensity 2.5 points difference is significant and 5 points difference is a consumer noticeable difference.
The data in table 7 provides the odor intensities associated with 3 samples: the first sample uses only 10 micron perfume capsules according to the invention, the second uses only 45 micron capsules according to the invention and the 3rd sample uses a 50/50 mix of the 10 and 45 micron capsules according to the invention. These differences are the only differences between the 3 samples. In each case the micron number associates with the capsules used is a median value. As the data in table 7 demonstrates the overall odor profile of the 3rd sample is consistent across the touch points, whereas the odor profile of samples 1 and 2 is inconsistent. Thus, it is clear that sample 3 is superior to sample 1 and 2 as consumers prefer a consistent overall odor profile to an inconsistent overall odor profile, as inconsistent overall odor profile lacks perfume intensity at certain touch points.
Perfume Washing Protocol for Assessing Multiple Bloom:
For each product to test, prepare a mixed load and tracers.
The mixed load includes: 600 g terry towel, 600 g knitted cotton, 600 g flat cotton, 600 g polycotton, 600 g polyester.
Tracers are: 4 terry towel (30×30 cm-450 g/m2) per load
When a new load is used, preconditioning is performed as follows.
New loads are preconditioned by performing 4 wash cycles at 95° C. (program setting: short cycle without pre-wash and extra water). The loads are washed twice with 70 grams of unperfumed
Ariel Ultra powder (IEA) and twice without powder. Loads are tumble dried afterwards (program setting: white/colored laundry—extra dry).
Washing of the load:
The total load with tracers is washed at 40° C. (program setting: short cycle without pre-wash, time about 1 h 30′) while using the recommended dosage (for normal soiled load) of the liquid detergent in a dosing ball added directly into the washing machine. When testing a soluble unit dose product, a single pouch is used per each load.
Perfume intensity is assessed by 3 expert graders, at each of the following odour evaluation steps.
Odour Evaluation of the Washing Machine Opening and Room Bloom
Each washing machine is alone in a separate humidity and temperature controlled sensory room with a sniffing port at the door. After the washing cycle the 3 graders enter the room, open the door of the washing machine, and one by one grade the wet odour of the load and bloom from the washing machine. Grading is based using a 0-100 odour intensity grading scale, “Primavera scale”.
The total load is taken out of the washing machine and 2 of the terry towel tracers are isolated from the load and placed inside an aluminium foil. Loads are hanged on drying racks each in their own assessment room and room is left unoccupied during line drying.
The 3 graders separately assess the room bloom through the sniffing window at 20′ and 1 hr.
Odour Evaluation of the Wet Tracers
The 3 graders evaluate the wet odour of the 2 wet terry towel tracers, which have been stored in the aluminum foil. Grading is done using a 0-100 odour intensity grading scale.
Odour Evaluation of the Dry Tracers
Drying of Terry Towel tracers is conducted in a separate room
2 terry towel tracers are dried overnight on the drying racks in a separate room.
Odour evaluation of the dry terry towel tracers and post-rub evaluation is performed in the same sniffing room.
When dry, the 3 graders assess the terry towels on a 0-100 odour intensity grading scale. After the dry fabric odour evaluation, the terry towel tracers are folded in 2, rubbed 5 times and then smelled. Perfume intensity is assessed based on a 0-100 odour intensity grading scale.
Reported odour grades are the average of the grades of the 3 expert graders.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
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