Patent Grant
10326087
1. Field
The present invention relates to a novel compound and an organic electronic device using the same.
2. Description of Related Art
It is well known that organic light emitting device (OLED device) was initially invented and proposed by Eastman Kodak Company through a vacuum evaporation method. Tang and VanSlyke of Kodak Company deposited an electron transport material such as Alq3 on a transparent indium tin oxide (abbreviated as ITO) glass formed with an organic layer of aromatic diamine thereon, and subsequently completed the fabrication of an organic electroluminescent (EL) device after a metal electrode is vapor-deposited onto the Alq3 layer. The organic EL device currently becomes a new generation lighting device or display because of high brightness, fast response speed, light weight, compactness, true color, no difference in viewing angles, without using any LCD backlight plates, and low power consumption.
Recently, some interlayers such as electron transport layer and hole transport layer are added between the cathode and the anode for increasing the current efficiency and power efficiency of the OLEDs. For example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) 1′ shown as
Recently, for effectively increasing the lighting performance of OLEDs, OLED manufactures and researchers have made great efforts to develop different compounds used as the materials for the OLEDs. However, in spite of various compounds have been developed, the current phosphorescence OLEDs still cannot perform outstanding luminous efficiency and device lifetime. Accordingly, in view of the conventional or commercial materials for OLEDs still including drawbacks, the inventor of the present application has made great efforts to make inventive research thereon and eventually provided novel compounds for OLED.
The object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel compound and an organic electronic device comprising the same.
According to one or more embodiments, a compound is represented by Formula (I) below:
wherein,
Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amine group; or Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group; or Ar3 and Ar4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group;
L and Q are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40arylene group;
n1 and n2 are each independently 0 or 1; and
m1 and m2 are each independently 0, 1 or 2, and with the proviso that m1 and m2 are not 0 at the same time.
According to one or more embodiments, an organic electronic device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises the compound of the aforesaid Formula (I).
The present disclosure provides a novel compound. When the compound of the present disclosure is used in an organic electronic device, the efficiency of the organic electronic device can be improved. Especially, when the novel compound of the present disclosure is used as one material of an organic light emitting device, the luminous efficiency of the organic light emitting device can further be improved.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described in detail. The present disclosure has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of description rather than of limitation. Many modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the teachings. Therefore, it is to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Compound
A compound according to one exemplary embodiment may be represented by the following Formula (I).
In formula (I), Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 may be each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amine group; or Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group; or Ar3 and Ar4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group;
L and Q may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40arylene group;
n1 and n2 may be each independently 0 or 1; and
m1 and m2 may be each independently 0, 1 or 2, and with the proviso that m1 and m2 are not 0 at the same time.
According to one embodiment, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 can be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group; or Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded can be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group; or Ar3 and Ar4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded can be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heterocyclic group. Preferably, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heteroaryl group; or Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heteroaryl group; or Ar3 and Ar4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heteroaryl group.
According to one embodiment, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 may be each independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted tribenzyloxepinyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, or substituted or unsubstituted tribenzyl-azepinyl group. Preferably, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are each independently unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with alkyl, unsubstituted biphenyl, unsubstituted terphenyl, unsubstituted fluorenyl, fluorenyl substituted with alkyl, unsubstituted tribenzyloxepinyl, unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, or unsubstituted naphthyl.
According to one embodiment, m1 may be 1; and m2 may be 0 or 1. According to another embodiment, m1 may be 1 and m2 may be 0. According to further another embodiment, m1 may be 1 and m2 may be 1.
According to one embodiment, m1 may be 1; m2 may be 0; and Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C40heteroaryl group. Preferably, Ar1 and Ar2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded is unsubstituted tribenzyl-azepinyl group.
According to one embodiment, L and Q may be each independently substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, biphenylene, or naphthylene. Preferably, L and Q are each independently unsubstituted phenylene.
According to one embodiment, when m1 and m2 are not 0 at the same time, -Ln1-NAr1Ar2 and -Qn2-NAr3Ar4 can be the same.
According to one embodiment, m1 and m2 are 1, and -Ln1-NAr1Ar2 and -Qn2-NAr3Ar4 can be the same.
According to one embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) can be represented by any one of Formulas (I-1) to (I-9) below.
Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar4, L, Q, n1, and n2 in Formulas (I-1) to (I-9) represent the same as those described above.
According to one embodiment, -Ln1-NAr1Ar2 and -Qn2-NAr3Ar4 can be each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein * represents bonding positions, Ra and Rb are each independently C1-20 alkyl, and x and y are each independently 1 or 2. Herein, Ra and Rb can be the same. X and y can be the same. Examples of Ra and Rb can be methyl, ethyl or propyl. In addition, n1 or n2 can be 0.
According to one embodiment, n1 is 0 and n2 is 1. According to another embodiment, n1 is 1 and n2 is 1. In these two embodiments, Ln1-NAr1Ar2and -Qn2-NAr3Ar4 can be each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein * represents bonding positions. The definitions of Ra, Rb, x and y are the same as those illustrated above. In these two embodiments, L and Q can be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C40arylene group such as phenylene.
Hereinafter, substitutes of Formula (I) is described in detail. Substitutes that are not defined in the present disclosure are defined as known in the art.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted alkyl group can be linear or branched. Examples of the alkyl group include C1-C20alkyl, C1-10alkyl, or C1-6alkyl. Specific examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neo-pentyl, or hexyl. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted alkyl group may be substituted with a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, a nitrile group, or an acetylene group.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted aryl group refers to aromatic hydrocarbon group. Examples of the aryl group can be C6-C40 aryl, or C6-C20 aryl. In addition, examples of the aryl group can a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group; wherein two or more rings may be fused to each other or linked to each other via a single bond. Specific examples of the unsubstituted aryl group include, but are not limited to phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenyl, quarterphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, benzanthryl, phenanthryl, naphthacenyl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl, benzo[c]phenanthryl, benzo[g]chrysenyl, triphenylenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, or dibenzofluorenyl. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted aryl group may be substituted with the same substituents described above related to the alkyl group. In addition, the definition of the arylene group is similar to those stated above, and the detail description of the arylene group is not repeated herein.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted heterocyclic group refers to non-aromatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group. Examples of the heterocyclic group can be a C1-C40heterocyclic group, C2-C20heterocyclic group or a C4-C20heterocyclic group. In addition, examples of the heterocyclic group can be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl having at least one heteroatom which is selected from the group consisting of O, S and N; wherein two or more rings may be fused to each other or linked to each other via a single bond. Specific examples of the unsubstituted heterocyclic group include, but are not limited to, pyroryl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, imidazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, furyl, ozazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, carbazolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, phenantridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazoyl, furazanyl, thienyl, benzothiophenyl, tribenzyloxepinyl, thiophenyl, or benzooxazolyl. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted heterocyclic group may be substituted with the same substituents described above related to the alkyl group.
In one embodiment, two or more aryl or hetero rings may be directly linked to each other to form a spiro structure. For example, fluorenyl and tribenzo-cycloheptatrienyl may be linked to each other to form a spiro structure.
In the present disclosure, halogen includes F, Cl, Br and I; and preferably is F or Br.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted alkoxy group refers to a moiety that the alkyl defined above coupled with an oxygen atom. Examples of the alkoxy group can include linear or branched C1-10alkoxy, or linear or branched C1-6alkoxy. Specific examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, neo-pentyloxy or hexyloxy. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted alkoxy group may be substituted with the same substituents described above related to the alkyl group.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted cycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring system having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the unsubstituted cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted cycloalkyl group may be substituted with the same substituents described above related to the alkyl group.
In the present disclosure, the unsubstituted alkenyl group can be linear or branched, and have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of the alkenyl group include C1-C20alkenyl, C1-10alkenyl, or C1-6alkenyl. Specific examples of the unsubstituted alkenyl group include, but are not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, propenylene, allyl, or 1,4-butadienyl. Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted alkenyl group may be substituted with the same substituents described above related to the alkyl group.
Examples of the compound of Formula (I) may include any one of the following compounds (1) to (212).
Herein, at least one hydrogen atom of the compounds (1) to (212) can further be optionally substituted with the aforementioned substituents.
Organic Electronic Device
An organic electronic device comprising the aforementioned compounds is also provided in the present disclosure.
In one embodiment, the organic electronic device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises any one of the aforementioned compounds.
Herein, the term “organic layer” refers to single layer or multilayers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic electronic device.
The application of the organic electronic device of the present disclosure comprises, but is not limited to, an organic light emitting device, an organic solar cell device, an organic thin film transistor, an organic photodetector, a flat panel display, a computer monitor, a television, a billboard, a light for interior or exterior illumination, a light for interior or exterior signaling, a heads up display, a fully transparent display, a flexible display, a laser printer, a telephone, a cell phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a micro-display, a vehicle, a large area wall, a theater or stadium screen, or a sign. Preferably, the organic electronic device of the present disclosure is applied to an organic light emitting device, or an organic solar cell device.
In one embodiment, the organic electronic device can be an organic light emitting device.
In one embodiment, the organic light emitting device of the present disclosure may include a hole transporting layer, which comprises the aforesaid compounds. In another embodiment, the organic light emitting device of the present disclosure may include a hole injection layer, which comprises the aforesaid compounds. In further another embodiment, the organic light emitting device of the present disclosure may include an electron blocking layer, which comprises the aforesaid compounds. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, the light emitting layer may contain a phosphorescent light emitting material which may comprise iridium or platinum. In another embodiment, the light emitting layer may contain a quantum dots or semiconductor nanocrystal materials. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
In another embodiment, the organic electronic device can be an organic solar cell.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The following examples are provided in order to explain the characteristics of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure is not limited by the following descriptions of the examples.
The following syntheses are carried out, unless indicated otherwise, under a protected-gas atmosphere. The starting materials can be purchased from Aldrich or Alfa or obtained in accordance with literature procedures.
Intermediates A1 to A7 used for preparing the compounds of Formula (I) are listed in the following Table 1, wherein the numbers below each intermediates refers to the CAS numbers thereof.
897671-81-7
1198395-24-2
29875-73-8
122-39-4
102113-98-4
The intermediates A1 to A5 were purchased from Aldrich or Alfa, and CAS No. were listed above.
The intermediates A6 to A9 can be prepared according to the above Scheme I. The starting materials Ar1—NH2 (arylamine) and Br—Ar2(arylbromide) are listed in the following Table 2.
Briefly, a mixture of arylbromide (1.0 eq), arylamine (1.05 eq), Pd(OAc)2 (0.01 eq), 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.04 eq), sodium tert-butoxide (1.5 eq), and toluene was taken in a pressure tube and heated at 80° C. for 12 h under N2 atmosphere. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under vacuum, and the resulting solution extracted with dichloromethane (3×60 mL). The combined organic extract was washed with brine solution, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to leave a yellow solid. Further, the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel by using hexane/dichloromethane mixture (2:1 v/v) as an eluent. The analysis data of the obtained products, i.e. Intermediates A6 to A9, are listed in the following Table 2.
Intermediates B1 to B4 used for preparing the compounds of Formula (I) are listed in the following Table 3, wherein the numbers below each intermediates refers to the CAS numbers thereof.
13029-09-9
154407-17-7
179526-95-5
A solution of 1-bromo-2-chloro-4-iodobenzene (1.0 eq), 4-Chlorophenylboronic acid (1.1 eq), Pd(OAc)2 (0.01 eq), PPh3 (0.04 eq), and 3.0 M K2CO3 aqueous solution (2.0 eq) in toluene (0.4M) was heated under nitrogen at 65° C. for 12 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was then removed using a rotary evaporator, and the remaining substance was purified with column chromatography to obtain intermediate B4 (65%) MS: [M]−=301.99.
Intermediates C1 to C5 used for preparing the compounds of Formula (I) are listed in the following Table 4.
The intermediates C1 to C3 can be prepared according to the above Scheme II.
Intermediate B1 (1.0 eq) was dissolved in THF (0.4M) in a three-neck flask and added n-BuLi (1.0 eq) dropwise under −78° C. After stirring for 0.5 h, 5-Dibenzosuberenone (DBE, 0.7 eq) was added. After completion of a reaction, the reaction solution was quenched with water, and a water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracted solution and an organic layer were combined and washed with saturated saline, and then dried with magnesium sulfate. After drying, this mixture was subjected to suction filtration, and when a filtrate was concentrated, 19 g of a light yellow, powdery solid of 9-(biphenyl-2-yl)-dibenzosuberen-5-ol (C1-1, C2-1 or C3-1) that was a target matter was obtained.
To the 9-(biphenyl-2-yl)-dibenzosuberen-5-ol (Spiro-alcohol B1-2, B2-2 or B3-2) (1.0 eq), acetic acid (w/v=1/3 to the reactant) and H2SO4(5 drops) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. 6 h. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. After completion of a reaction, the precipitate was separated by filtration. The remaining substance was purified with column chromatography to obtain compound of spiro-fluorene-dibenzosuberene (intermediates C1 to C4).
The yields and MS analysis data of the intermediates C1 to C4 are also listed in the following Table 5.
Intermediate C1 (1.0 eq), 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (1.1 eq), Pd(OAc)2 (0.01 eq), PPh3 (0.04 eq), 3.0 M K2CO3 aqueous solution (1.5 eq) in toluene was heated at 100° C. for 12 h. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under vacuum, and the resulting solution extracted with dichloromethane (3×60 mL). The combined organic extract was washed with brine solution, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to leave a yellow solid. Further, the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to get intermediate C5 (94%).
The compounds of the present disclosure can be synthesized according to the following Scheme IV.
Intermediate C1-C4+Intermediate A1-A7→Embodiment [Scheme IV]
Briefly, a mixture of palladium diacetate (Pd(OAc)2, 0.5% eq), tris-tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate (0.02 eq), intermediates A1 to A9 (1.0 eq/2.1 eq for SGM586 synthesis), intermediates C1 to C5 (1.0 eq), and sodium tert-butoxide (t-BuONa, 1.5 eq) was stirred in toluene for 8˜24 h at 110° C. under an argon atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction quenched with DI water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were combined and washed with brine and dried with anhydrous MgSO4. The precipitate was separated by filtration. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue went through a silica-gel column to give the compounds of (1), (2), (4) to (8), (10) to (12), (14) to (17).
The products (1), (2), (4) to (8), (10) to (12), (14) to (17), the used intermediates, the yields, and the MS analysis data are listed in the following Table 6. In addition, the 1H NMR of the products (1), (2), (4) to (8), (10) to (12), (14) to (17) are shown in
A glass substrate having ITO (indium tin oxide) coated thereon to a thickness 1500 Å was placed in distilled water containing a detergent dissolved therein, and was ultrasonically washed. Herein, the detergent was a product manufactured by Fischer Co., and the distilled water was filtered twice through a filter (Millipore Co.). After the ITO had been washed with detergent for 30 minutes, it was ultrasonically washed twice with distilled water for 10 minutes followed by isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and methanol, which was then dried, after which it was transported to a plasma cleaner. Then, the substrate was clean with oxygen plasma for 5 minutes, and then transferred to a vacuum evaporator.
Various organic materials and metal materials were sequentially deposited on the ITO substrate to obtain the OLED device of the present examples. The vacuum degree during the deposition was maintained at 1×10−6 to 3×10−7 torr. In addition, the formulas and the code names of the materials used in the following OLED devices were listed in the following Table 7.
Preparation of Blue OLED Device
To fabricate the blue OLED device of the present examples, HAT was firstly deposited on the ITO substrate to form a first hole injection layer with a thickness of 100 Å. HI-2 was deposited on the first hole injection layer with a dopant HAT (5.0 wt %) to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of 750 Å.
Next, HT-1 or compounds of the present disclosure was deposited to form a first hole transporting layer (HT1) with a thickness of 100 Å; and/or HT-2 or compounds of the present disclosure was deposited to form a second hole transporting layer (HT2) with a thickness of 100 Å.
Then, BH with a dopant BD-1 or BD-2 (3.5 wt %) was deposited on the first or second hole transporting layer to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 250 Å. ET with a dopant Liq (35.0 wt %) was deposited on the light emitting layer to form an electron transporting layer with a thickness of 250 Å. Liq was deposited on the electron transporting layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of 15 Å. A1 was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode with a thickness of 1500 Å.
After the aforementioned process, the blue OLED device used in the following test was obtained.
Preparation of Red OLED Device
The preparation of the red OLED device was similar to that of the blue OLED device, except that the second hole injection layer, the light emitting layer and the electron transporting layer.
Herein, the thickness of the second hole injection layer was 2100 Å. RH with a dopant RD (3.5 wt %) was deposited on the first or second hole transporting layer to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 300 Å. The thickness of the electron transporting layer was 350 Å.
OLED Device Measurement
Device performances of the obtained blue, green and red OLED devices were measured by PR-650. For the blue and red OLED devices, the data were collected at 1000 nits. For the green OLED devices, the data were collected at 3000 nits. Data such as CIE, luminous efficiency (Eff.) and driving voltage (Voltage) are listed in the following Tables 8 to 10.
According to the results shown in Tables 8 to 10, the OLED device applied with the compound of Formula (I) shows improved luminous efficiency and low driving voltage. Therefore, the compound of Formula (I) of the present disclosure can effectively be used as a hole transporting material of an OLED device.
Although the present disclosure has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
This application claims the benefit of filing date of U. S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/287,724, entitled “Novel Compound and Organic Electronic Device Using the Same” filed Jan. 27, 2016 under 35 USC§ 119(e)(1).
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 103833507 | Dec 2013 | CN |
| 103833507 | Jun 2014 | CN |
| 103833507 | Jun 2014 | CN |
| 103936720 | Jul 2014 | CN |
| 103936720 | Jul 2014 | CN |
| 106432107 | Feb 2017 | CN |
| 10-2011-0041730 | Apr 2011 | KR |
| 1020110041730 | Apr 2011 | KR |
| 10-2012-0048125 | Feb 2012 | KR |
| 10-2012-0047038 | May 2012 | KR |
| 10-2012-0048125 | May 2012 | KR |
| 10-2013-0110347 | Oct 2013 | KR |
| 10-2013-0140303 | Dec 2013 | KR |
| 1020130110347 | Oct 2014 | KR |
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| Evidence-9: Switching of non-helical overcrowded tetrabenzoheptafulvalene derivatives, pp. 2029-2034, by Jiye Luo et al., Chemical Science, Publication Date: Jul. 21, 2011. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 2031 printed on bottom right corner, left col. |
| Evidence-8: Doubly Ortho-linked cis-4,4′-Bis(diarylamino)stilbene/Fluorene Hybrids as Efficient Non-doped, Sky-blue Fluorescent Materials for Optoelectronic Applications, pp. S1-S22, by Yi Wei et al., 2007, which is 1H NMR spectrum (p. S16) in Supporting Information from Evidence-7. Pages/Lines Cited: S16 printed on top right corner. |
| Evidence-7: Doubly Ortho-Linked cis-4,4′-Bis(diarylamino)stilbene/Fluorene Hybrids as Efficient Nondoped, Sky-Blue Fluorescent Materials for Optoelectronic Applications, pp. 7478-7479, by Yi Wei et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Publication Date: May 25, 2007. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 7478 printed on bottom left corner, right col. |
| Evidence-6: Doubly Ortho-linked Quinoxaline/Diphenylfluorene Hybrids as Bipolar, Fluorescent Chameleons for Optoelectronic Applications, pp. S1-S23, by Chien-Tien Chen et al., Publication Date: 2006, which is 1H NMR spectrum (p. S20) in Supporting Information from Evidence-5. Pages/Lines Cited: S20 printed on top right corner. |
| Evidence-5: Doubly Ortho-Linked Quinoxaline/Diphenylfluorene Hybrids as Bipolar, Fluorescent Chameleons for Optoelectronic Applications, pp. 10992-10993, Chien-Tien Chen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Publication Date: Aug. 8, 2006. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 10992 printed on bottom left corner, right col. |
| Evidence-4: hint of step 4 “Check that the integration of the peak matches the number of hydrogens in the molecule”, webpage of Golden Rules to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Analysis, 1 page, by Dr. Madalee Gassaway, Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2017 (from http://blog.cambridgecoaching.com/golden-rules-to-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy-nmr-analysis-part-1-0). Pages/Lines Cited: hint of step 4, webpage of Golden Rules to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Analysis. |
| Evidence-3: Real-Time Enzyme Kinetics by Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy and Determination of the Michaelis−Menten Constant Using the Lambert‑W Function, pp. 1943-1948, by Cheenou Her et al., J. Chem. Educ., 2015. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 1946 printed on bottom, right col., lines 13-17. |
| Evidence-2: Integration of 1H NMR spectra (proton) from NMR theory of Spectroscopy of Organic Chemistry Lecture Website at University of Colorado Boulder, which was built by Dr. Patty Feist et al. (from < http://www.orchemboulder.com:80/Spectroscopy/nmrtheory/NMRtutorials.shtml> 1 page, Dec. 14, 2016, retrieved from Internet Wayback Machine < http://web.archive.org/web/20161214110543/http://www.orgchemboulder.com:80/Spectroscopy/nmrtheory/NMRtutorial.shtml> on Feb. 7, 2018); Pages/Lines Cited: lines 2-3 & 4-5. |
| Evidence-1: Organic Chemistry (eighth edition), Paula Yurkanis Bruice, Global Edition, pp. 660, 661, 668, 678, Publication Date: Jan. 15, 2016, Pearson Education, Inc., NJ, USA; Pages/Lines Cited: pp. 660, 661, 668, 678. |
| Evidence-11: The Synthesis of Novel p-Quinone Methides: O-Dealkylation of 5-(p-Alkyloxyary1)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ols and Related Compounds, pp. 2607-2619, by Benjamin Taljaard et al., Eur. J. Org. Chem., Publication Date: Dec. 31, 2005. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 2612 printed on bottom left corner, right col. |
| Evidence-12: Polycationic Ligands in Gold Catalysis: Synthesis and Applications of Extremely π‑Acidic Catalysts, pp. 18815-18823, by Javier Carreras et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, Publication Date: Dec. 5, 2013. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 18817 printed on bottom. |
| Evidence-13: Supplementary Information—Polycationic ligands in gold catalysis: Synthesis and applications of extremely π-acidic catalysts, pp. S1-S231, by Javier Carreras et al., Publication Date: 2013, which is 1H NMR spectrum (p. S200) in Supporting Information from Evidence-12. Pages/Lines Cited: S200 printed on bottom right corner. |
| Evidence-14: Doubly ortho-linked quinoxaline/triarylamine hybrid as a bifunctional, dipolar electroluminescent template for optoelectronic applications, pp. 3980-3982, Chien-Tien Chen et al., Chem. Commun, Publication Date: Jul. 8, 2005. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 3980 printed on bottom left corner. |
| Evidence-15: Doubly Ortho-linked Quinoxaline/Triarylamine Hybrid as a Bifunctional, Dipolar Electroluminescent Template for Optoelectronic Applications, pp. 1-12, by Chen-Tien Chen et al., Publication Date: 2005, which is 1H NMR spectoscopic data (pp. 5 and 6) in Supporting Information from Evidence-14. Pages/Lines Cited: p. 5 and 6. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170213972 A1 | Jul 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62287724 | Jan 2016 | US |
