Patent Application
20230416093
The present invention relates to compounds alkali metal borophosphates with a chemical formula of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs), alkali metal borophosphate nonlinear optical crystals, a preparation method of the crystals and a nonlinear optical apparatus manufactured from the crystals.
Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) coherent lights with wavelengths between 200 and 150 nm are of increasing importance owing to their potential applications in semiconductor photolithography, laser micromachining, modern scientific instruments. For solid-state lasers, the best way to obtain the DUV coherent lights is through the cascaded frequency conversion technology of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals. However, for an applicable DUV NLO crystal, it must satisfy the following harsh structural and properties' requirements, including i) the non-centrosymmetric (NCS) structures; ii) large second-order NLO coefficients (dij), at least comparable to the d36 of KDP; iii) high transparency in the DUV region with the UV cut-off wavelength as short as possible; iv) a moderate birefringence (Δn=0.05-0.10) to satisfy the phase-matching condition of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the UV or DUV region; and v) ease of growth, non-toxic, chemical stability, and good mechanical properties. However, since some of the above properties are conflicted, e.g., the materials with large band gaps often exhibit small SHG responses and birefringence, designing and synthesizing a DUV NLO crystal is still a great challenge. Borophosphates with asymmetric [BO4] and [PO4] tetrahedra as basic building blocks usually have large band gaps, and are widely regarded as candidates for exploring UV or DUV optical crystals. Notably, BPO4 has a strong second-harmonic response (2×KDP), and its UV transmittance range extends to about 130 nm. However, its small birefringence of 0.005@1064 nm makes conventional phase matching impossible, and the crystal cannot be used as a UV NLO crystal. However, π-conjugated [BO3] groups with excellent optical anisotropy are beneficial to improve the birefringence of the material. Therefore, designing and synthesizing borophosphates with [BO3], [BO4] and [PO4] groups are an effective way to design DUV NLO materials.
The first objective of the present invention is to provide compounds alkali metal borophosphates with a chemical formula of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs). Their single crystals having non-centrosymmetric structures, belong to triclinic crystal system, and have a space group of P1, crystal cell parameters of a=6.284(8)-8.784(3) Å, b=6.338(3) 8.838(3) Å, c=6.463(3)-8.963(3) Å, α=70-105°, β=75-106°, γ=76-107°, and Z=1 and a unit cell volume of V=257.4(3)-696.0(6) Å3. The polycrystalline powder was prepared through a high-temperature solid-state reaction method or a hydrothermal method.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide alkali metal borophosphate nonlinear optical crystals and a preparation method thereof. The crystals have a chemical formula of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs), which are single crystals having non-centrosymmetric structures, belong to triclinic crystal system, and have a space group of P1, crystal cell parameters of a=6.284(8)-8.784(3) Å, b=6.338(3)-8.838(3) Å, c=6.463(3)-8.963(3) Å, α=70-105°, β=75-106°, γ=76-107° and Z=1 and a unit cell volume of V=257.4(3)-696.0(6) Å3. The preparation methods are solid-state reaction method, hydrothermal method and solution method of potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, and phosphorus-containing compounds.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide the use of alkali metal borophosphate nonlinear optical apparatus in nonlinear optical devices such as second harmonic generators, up and down frequency converters, optical parametric oscillations, laser frequency conversion devices, and laser communications.
The present invention adopts the following technical solution:
The alkali metal borophosphates provided by the present invention have a chemical formula of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs), and their preparation processes adopt a high-temperature solid-phase reaction method, a hydrothermal method or a solution method based on the following steps:
A mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound was thoroughly ground, and the mixture was preheated to 350-1000° C., held for a period of time, with several intermediate grindings to get the A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) single phase, in which element potassium/rubidium/cesium in the potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, elemental boron in the boron-containing compound, and elemental phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compound are in a molar ratio of 2.5-3.5:9-13:1-3.
Or a. a mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound was combined with deionized water (0.1-50 mL) or boric acid 0.1-50 g, in which element potassium/rubidium/cesium in the potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, elemental boron in the boron-containing compound, and elemental phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compound are in a molar ratio of 1-5:7-16:0.5-4;
b. The mixture was loaded into the Teflon-lined autoclave and subsequently sealed;
c. The autoclave was heated to 120-800° C., held for a period of time, and then cooled to room temperature;
d. Open the autoclave and filter the solution containing crystals to obtain transparent alkali metal borophosphates compounds.
Or a mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, and deionized water (0.1-400 mL) was placed in a beaker and stirred until dissolved completely. Then put the beaker on the heating table and heat it to 25-400° C. After a period of time, the series of alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals are obtained. In order to further grow them, the seed crystals of the series of crystals were suspended in solution with fine platinum wires. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, the beaker is covered with a layer of polyethylene plate and pierced with dozens of millimeter sized holes. After a period of time, take out the centimeter size alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals from the solution.
The potassium containing compound includes at least one of potassium hydroxide, potassium oxide and potassium salt; potassium salt includes at least one of potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium nitrate, potassium oxalate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate;
The rubidium containing compound includes at least one of rubidium hydroxide, rubidium oxide and rubidium salt; rubidium salt includes at least one of rubidium fluoride, rubidium chloride, rubidium bromide, rubidium nitrate, rubidium oxalate, rubidium carbonate, rubidium bicarbonate and rubidium sulfate;
The cesium containing compound includes at least one of cesium hydroxide, cesium oxide and cesium salt; cesium salt includes at least one of cesium fluoride, cesium chloride, cesium bromide, cesium nitrate, cesium oxalate, cesium carbonate, cesium bicarbonate and cesium sulfate;
The boron containing compound includes at least one of boron oxide, boric acid and boron salt; the boron salt includes at least one of boron chloride, boron bromide, boron nitrate, boron oxalate, boron carbonate and boron sulfate;
The phosphorus containing compound includes at least one of phosphorus pentoxide and phosphorus salt; the phosphorus salt includes at least one of phosphorus chloride, phosphorus bromide, phosphorus nitrate, phosphorus oxalate, phosphorus carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium/rubidium/cesium dihydrogen phosphate, cesium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphorus sulfate.
The alkali metal borophosphates compounds can be prepared by a high-temperature solid-phase reaction method or a hydrothermal method based on the following chemical reaction formulas:
3A2O(A=K,Rb,Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+33H2O↑ 1)
3AOH(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11H3BO3O5→A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+18H2O↑ 2)
3A2CO3(A=K,Rb,Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+33H2O↑+3CO2↑ 3)
3A2CO3(A=K,Rb,Cs)+22H3BO3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+33H2O↑+3CO2↑+4NH3↑ 4)
3AF(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11H3BO3+2NH4H2PO4→A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+18H2O↑+3HF↑+2NH3↑ 5)
3A2CO3(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11B2O3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+6H2O↑+3CO2↑+4NH3↑ 6)
3A2CO3(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11B2O3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+3CO2↑ 7)
3AH2PO4(A=K,Rb,Cs)+5.5B2O3→A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+1.5H2O↑+H3PO4 8)
3A2HPO4(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11B2O3+0.5P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+1.5H2O↑ 9)
6AOH(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11B2O3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+3H2O↑ 10)
12AH2PO4(A=K,Rb,Cs)+22H3B2O3+2P2O5→4A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+33H2↑+8H3PO4 11)
6ACl(A=K,Rb,Cs)+11B2O3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+6HCl↑+4NH3↑+3H2O↑ 12)
6ACl(A=K,Rb,Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23(A=K,Rb,Cs)+6HCl↑+30H2O↑ 13)
The alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals provided by the present invention is characterized in that the crystals have a chemical formula of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs), which are single crystals having non-centrosymmetric structures, belong to triclinic crystal system, and have a space group of P1, crystal cell parameters of a=6.284(8)-8.784(3) Å, b=6.338(3)-8.838(3) Å, c=6.463(3)-8.963(3) Å, α=70-105°, β=75 106°, γ=76-107° and Z=1 and a unit cell volume of V=257.4(3)-696.0(6) Å3.
The alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals provided by the present invention adopts a high-temperature solid-phase reaction method, a hydrothermal method or a solution method based on the following specific operation steps:
a. uniformly mixing the compound alkali metal borophosphates single-phase polycrystalline powder with the fluxing agents, and heat it to a temperature of 350-1000° C., and keep it at a constant temperature for a period of time to obtain a mixed melt, and then cooled to 300-900° C., in which the molar ratios of the compound alkali metal borophosphates single-phase polycrystalline powder to the fluxing agents are 1:0-20;
Or directly heat the mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, and a phosphorus-containing compound or the mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and the fluxing agents to 350-1000° C., and held for a period of time, to obtain a mixed melt. And then cooled to a temperature of 300-900° C., in which the molar ratios of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and a phosphorus-containing compound to the fluxing agents are 0.5-5:6-16:0.5-4:0-20;
The fluxing agents mainly include self-service fluxing agents, such as K2CO3, KF, KOH, K2O, KCl, KBF4, Rb2CO3, RbF, RbOH, Rb2O, RbCl, RbBF4, Cs2CO3, CsF, CsOH, Cs2O, CsCl, CsBF4, H3BO3, B2O3, KH2PO4, RbH2PO4, CsH2PO4, KBO2, RbBO2, CsBO2, NH4H2PO4, P2O5, etc. and other composite fluxing agents, such as KOH—H3BO3, KOH—B2O3, KOH—P2O5, KOH—NH4H2PO4, K2CO3—H3BO3, K2CO3—B2O3, K2CO3—P2O5, K2CO3—NH4H2PO4, KF—H3BO3, KF—B2O3, KF—P2O5, KF—NH4H2PO4, KCl—H3BO3, KCl—B2O3, KCl—P2O5, KCl—NH4H2PO4, K2O—PbO, K2O—PbF2, KOH—PbO, KOH—PbF2, KF—Bi2O3, KF—MoO3, KBF4—Bi2O3, KBF4—MoO3, K2CO3—Li4P2O7, K2CO3—KBO2, K2CO3—NaF, K2CO3—NaCl, K2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF, K2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaCl, K2CO3—Li4P2O7—MoO3, K2CO3—LiBO2—MoO3, K2CO3—H3BO3—P2O5, K2CO3—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4, K2CO3—H3BO3—PbO, RbOH—H3BO3, RbOH—B2O3, RbOH—P2O5, RbOH—NH4H2PO4, Rb2CO3—H3BO3, Rb2CO3—B2O3, Rb2CO3—P2O5, Rb2CO3—NH4H2PO4, RbF—H3BO3, RbF—B2O3, RbF—P2O5, RbF—NH4H2PO4, RbCl—H3BO3, RbCl—B2O3, RbCl—P2O5, RbCl—NH4H2PO4, Rb2O—PbO, Rb2O—PbF2, RbOH—PbO, RbOH—PbF2, RbF—Bi2O3, RbF—MoO3, RbBF4—Bi2O3, RbBF4—MoO3, Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7, Rb2CO3—RbBO2, Rb2CO3—NaF, Rb2CO3—NaCl, Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF, Rb2CO3—Li4P207—NaCl, Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7—MoO3, Rb2CO3—LiBO2—MoO3, Rb2CO3—H3BO3—P2O5, Rb2CO3—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4, Rb2CO3—H3BO3—PbO, CsOH—H3BO3, CsOH—B2O3, CsOH—P2O5, CsOH—NH4H2PO4, Cs2CO3—H3BO3, Cs2CO3—B2O3, Cs2CO3—P2O5, Cs2CO3—NH4H2PO4, CSF—H3BO3, CSF—B2O3, CSF—P2O5, CsF—NH4H2PO4, CsCl—H3BO3, CsCl—B2O3, CsCl—P2O5, CsCl—NH4H2PO4, H3BO3—P2O5, H3BO3—NH4H2PO4, B2O3—P2O5, B2O3—NH4H2PO4, Cs2O—PbO, Cs2O—PbF2, CsOH—PbO, CsOH—PbF2, CsF—Bi2O3, CsF—MoO3, CsBF4—Bi2O3, CsBF4—MoO3, Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7, Cs2CO3—CsBO2, Cs2CO3—NaF, Cs2CO3—NaCl, Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF, Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaCl, Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7—MoO3, Cs2CO3—LiBO2—MoO3, Cs2CO3—H3B03—P2O5, Cs2CO3—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4, Cs2CO3—H3BO3—PbO, etc.
The compound alkali metal borophosphates single-phase polycrystalline powder are prepared by a solid-state method, including the following steps: mixing a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and a phosphorus-containing compound by a solid-state method to obtain the compound alkali metal borophosphates. The element potassium/rubidium/cesium in the potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, the element boron in the boron-containing compound, and the element phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compound are in a molar ratio of 2.5-3.5:9-13:1-3, and the raw materials of the potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, the boron-containing compound and the phosphorus-containing compound are mixed uniformly. After grinding, the mixture was pre-fired to remove moisture and gas, and then cool to room temperature. Further, the mixture was gradually heated to 350-1000° C., held at this temperature for a period of time. The compounds alkali metal borophosphates single-phase polycrystalline powder are obtained.
b. Preparation of alkali metal borophosphates seed crystals: the mixture obtained in step (a) is slowly cooled to room temperature, and spontaneously crystallized to obtain alkali metal borophosphate seeds;
c. A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod. After being preheated above the solution surface, the seed was introduced into the melt, and held the temperature for a period of time, the temperature of the furnace was lowered quickly to the initial crystallization temperature.
d. Continue to cool down slowly, and rotate the seed crystal rod to grow the crystal. When the growth was completed, the crystal was drawn out of the melt surface, and the temperature dropped to room temperature, and then obtain the alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals.
The molar ratio of KOH to B2O3 in the KOH—B2O3 system of the fluxing agent is 0.5-4:6-12; the molar ratio of KOH to P2O5 in the KOH—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of KOH to NH4H2PO4 in the KOH—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:7-12; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to H3BO3 in the K2CO3—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3:8-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to B2O3 in the K2CO3—B2O3 system is 1-3:9-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to P2O5 in the K2CO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-2:6-12; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the K2CO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:11-16; the molar ratio of KF to H3BO3 in the KF—H3BO3 system is 0.5-4:8-15; the molar ratio of KF to B2O3 in the KF—B2O3 system is 0.5-3:6-15; the molar ratio of KF to P2O5 in the KF—P2O5 system is 0.5-3:7-10; the molar ratio of KF to NH4H2PO4 in the KF—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-3:6-10; the molar ratio of KCl to H3BO3 in the KCl—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of KCl to B2O3 in the KCl—B2O3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of KCl to P2O5 in the KCl—P2O5 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of KCl to NH4H2PO4 in the KCl—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of K2O to PbO in the K2O—PbO system is 0.5-5: 6-16; the molar ratio of K2O to PbF2 in the K2O—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of KOH to PbO in the KOH—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the KOH to PbF2 in the KOH—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the KF to Bi2O3 in the KF—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the KF to MoO3 in the KF—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the KBF4 to Bi2O3 in the KBF4—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the KBF4 to MoO3 in the KBF4—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to Li4P2O7 in the K2CO3—Li4P2O7 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to KBO2 in the K2CO3—KBO2 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to NaF in the K2CO3—NaF system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of K2CO3 to NaCl in the K2CO3—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of K2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaF in the K2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaCl in the K2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, Li4P2O7 to MoO3 in the K2CO3—Li4P2O7— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, LiBO2 to MoO3 in the K2CO3— LiBO2— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, H3BO3 to P2O5 in the K2CO3—H3BO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, H3BO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the K2CO3—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of K2CO3, H3BO3 to PbO in the K2CO3—H3BO3—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16: 6-16; the molar ratio of RbOH to B2O3 in the RbOH—B2O3 system is 0.5-4:6-12; the molar ratio of RbOH to P2O5 in the RbOH—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of RbOH to NH4H2PO4 in the RbOH—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:7-12; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to H3BO3 in the Rb2CO3—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3:8-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to B2O3 in the Rb2CO3—B2O3 system is 1-3:9-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to P2O5 in the Rb2CO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-2:6-12; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the Rb2CO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:11-16; the molar ratio of RbF to H3BO3 in the RbF—H3BO3 system is 0.5-4:8-15; the molar ratio of RbF to B2O3 in the RbF—B2O3 system is 0.5-3:6-15; the molar ratio of RbF to P2O5 in the RbF—P2O5 system is 0.5-3:7-10; the molar ratio of RbF to NH4H2PO4 in the RbF—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-3:6-10; the molar ratio of RbCl to H3BO3 in the RbCl—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of RbCl to B2O3 in the RbCl—B2O3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of RbCl to P2O5 in the RbCl—P2O5 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of RbCl to NH4H2PO4 in the RbCl—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of Rb2O to PbO in the Rb2O—PbO system is 0.5-5: 6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2O to PbF2 in the Rb2O—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of RbOH to PbO in the RbOH—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the RbOH to PbF2 in the RbOH—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the RbF to Bi2O3 in the RbF—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the RbF to MoO3 in the RbF—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the RbBF4 to Bi2O3 in the RbBF4—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the RbBF4 to MoO3 in the RbBF4—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to Li4P2O7 in the Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to RbBO2 in the Rb2CO3—RbBO2 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to NaF in the Rb2CO3—NaF system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3 to NaCl in the Rb2CO3—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaF in the Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaCl in the Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, Li4P2O7 to MoO3 in the Rb2CO3—Li4P2O7— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, LiBO2 to MoO3 in the Rb2CO3— LiBO2— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, H3BO3 to P2O5 in the Rb2CO3—H3BO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, H3BO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the Rb2CO3—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Rb2CO3, H3BO3 to PbO in the Rb2CO3—H3B03—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16: 6-16; the molar ratio of CsOH to B2O3 in the CsOH—B2O3 system is 0.5-4:6-12; the molar ratio of CsOH to P2O5 in the CsOH—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of CsOH to NH4H2PO4 in the CsOH—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:7-12; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to H3BO3 in the Cs2CO3—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3:8-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to B2O3 in the Cs2CO3—B2O3 system is 1-3:9-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to P2O5 in the Cs2CO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-2:6-12; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the Cs2CO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 1-4:11-16; the molar ratio of CsF to H3BO3 in the CsF—H3BO3 system is 0.5-4:8-15; the molar ratio of CsF to B2O3 in the CsF—B2O3 system is 0.5-3:6-15; the molar ratio of CsF to P2O5 in the CsF—P2O5 system is 0.5-3:7-10; the molar ratio of CsF to NH4H2PO4 in the CsF—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-3:6-10; the molar ratio of CsCl to H3BO3 in the CsCl—H3BO3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of CsCl to B2O3 in the CsCl—B2O3 system is 0.5-3.5:6-14; the molar ratio of CsCl to P2O5 in the CsCl—P2O5 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of CsCl to NH4H2PO4 in the CsCl—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of H3BO3 to P2O5 in the H3BO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of H3BO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the H3BO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of B2O3 to P2O5 in the B2O3—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of B2O3 to NH4H2PO4 in the B2O3—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of H3BO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the H3BO3—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2O to PbO in the Cs2O—PbO system is 0.5-5: 6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2O to PbF2 in the Cs2O—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of CsOH to PbO in the CsOH—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the CsOH to PbF2 in the CsOH—PbF2 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the CsF to Bi2O3 in the CsF—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the CsF to MoO3 in the CsF—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the CsBF4 to Bi2O3 in the CsBF4—Bi2O3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of the CsBF4 to MoO3 in the CsBF4—MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to Li4P2O7 in the Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7 system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to CsBO2 in the Cs2CO3— CsBO2 system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to NaF in the Cs2CO3—NaF system is 0.5-3.5:7-15; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3 to NaCl in the Cs2CO3—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-15; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaF in the Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaF system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, Li4P2O7 to NaCl in the Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7—NaCl system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, Li4P2O7 to MoO3 in the Cs2CO3—Li4P2O7— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, LiBO2 to MoO3 in the Cs2CO3— LiBO2— MoO3 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, H3BO3 to P2O5 in the Cs2CO3—H3BO3—P2O5 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, H3BO3 to NH4H2PO4 in the Cs2CO3—H3B03—NH4H2PO4 system is 0.5-5:6-16:6-16; the molar ratio of Cs2CO3, H3BO3 to PbO in the Cs2CO3—H3BO3—PbO system is 0.5-5:6-16: 6-16.
Or a. a mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound were combined with deionized water (0.1-50 mL) or boric acid 0.1-50 g, in which element potassium/rubidium/cesium in the potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, elemental boron in the boron-containing compound, and elemental phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compound are in a molar ratio of 1-5:7-16:0.5-4;
b. The mixture was loaded into Teflon-lined autoclave and subsequently sealed;
c. The autoclave was heated to 120-800° C., held for a period of time, and then cooled to room temperature;
d. Open the autoclave and filter the solution containing crystals to obtain a transparent alkali metal borophosphates compounds.
Or a mixture of a potassium/rubidium/cesium-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, and deionized water (0.1-400 mL) was placed in a beaker and stirred until dissolved completely. Then put the beaker on the heating table and heat it to 25-400° C. After a period of time, a series of alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals are obtained. In order to further grow them, the seed crystals of the series of crystals were suspended in solution with fine platinum wires. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, the beaker is covered with a layer of polyethylene plate and pierced with dozens of millimeter sized holes. After a period of time, take out a centimeter size alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals from the solution.
The alkali metal borophosphates crystals have the advantages of high purity, easy crystal growth, transparent and no package, fast growth speed, low cost and easy to obtain large-size crystals; the obtained crystals have the advantages of wide light transmission band, high hardness, good mechanical properties, not easy to break and deliquescence, and easy to process and preserve. The nonlinear optical device made of the compounds potassium/rubidium/cesium borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals obtained by the method of the invention uses a Nd:YAG Q-switched laser as the light source at room temperature, the incident wavelength is 1064 nm infrared light, and the output wavelength is 532 nm green laser.
The present invention is described above through specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2O (A=K, Rb, Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+33H2O↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion and were put in a mortar and then mixed and ground carefully. The mixture was put in a lidless corundum crucible of size of Φ 100 mm×100 mm. The said crucible was put into a muffle furnace, heated to 300° C. slowly and held this temperature for 24 hours. After being cooled down, the loose and porous sample was taken out of the crucible and was once again mixed thoroughly, ground and put back to the crucible and compacted. The mixture was heated at 750° C. for 24 h and cooled to room temperature. The sample was then taken out and ground thoroughly, and the mixture was put back to the crucible and heated at 750° C. for 48 h. The product was analyzed by the powder X-ray diffraction of the product, where the X-ray diffraction pattern was consistent with a theoretical X-ray diffraction pattern of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) analyzed by a single-crystal structure.
Preparation of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystal by fluxing agent method: A2O(A=K, Rb, Cs)—H3BO3 as the fluxing agent system, the compound of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) is used as the solute, the molar ratio of solute/fluxing agent was selected at 1:3. Then, mixed homogeneously and put into a Φ 80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 850° C. until the melt became transparent and clear, held at this temperature for 15 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (650° C.). Then, a platinum wire was promptly dipped into the solution. The temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.5° C./h, then the platinum wire was pulled out of the solution, and allowed to cool to room temperature at a rate of 10° C./h.
Thus, a few colorless, transparent plate crystals crystallized on the platinum wire. The obtained crystals could be used as seeds. A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution at 730° C. for a quarter. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for half an hour while rotating at a rate of 10 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 650° C. and then lowered at a rate of 2° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 10° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 56 mm×40 mm×30 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11H3BO3O5→A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+18H2O↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, preparation of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystal by fluxing agent method: AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)—P2O5 as the fluxing agent system, the said reagents are used as the solute with the molar ratio of solute:fluxing agent=1:4, the molar ratio of AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)/P2O5 was selected at 3/5. Then, mixed the said reagents with fluxing agent and put into a Φ 80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 1000° C., held at this temperature for 60 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (850° C.).
The temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 1.5° C./h to obtain the seeds.
A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution at 800° C. for ten minutes. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for half an hour while rotating at a rate of 10 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 600° C. and then lowered at a rate of 1° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 20° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 36 mm×22 mm×15 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2CO3 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+33H2O↑+3CO2↑ as follows:
The said polycrystalline A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) is used as the solute with the molar ratio of solute:fluxing agent (H3BO3—P2O5)=1:3. Then, mixed homogeneously and put into a Φ 80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 350° C. until the melt became transparent and clear, held at this temperature for 60 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (330° C.).
The temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 3.5° C./h to obtain the seeds.
A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution for 15 minutes. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for twenty minutes while rotating at a rate of 5 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 315° C. and then lowered at a rate of 3° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 1° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 25 mm×24 mm×10 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2CO3 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+22H3BO3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+33H2O↑+3CO2↑+4NH3↑ as follows:
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3AF (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11H3BO3+2NH4H2PO4→A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+18 H2O↑+3HF↑+2NH3↑ as follows:
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2CO3 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11B2O3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+6H2O↑+3CO2↑+4NH3↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, and then the mixture was placed in a beaker (10 mL), further add 0.1 mL deionized water into the beaker and stirred until dissolved completely. Then put the beaker on the heating table and heat it to 25° C. After 2 days, the series of alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals are obtained. In order to further grow them, the seed crystals of the series of crystals were suspended in solution with fine platinum wires. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, the beaker is covered with a layer of polyethylene plate and pierced with dozens of millimeter sized holes. After 3 weeks, take out a centimeter size alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals from the solution.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2CO3 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11B2O3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+3CO2↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, and then the mixture was placed in a beaker (1000 mL), further add 400 mL deionized water into the beaker and stirred until dissolved completely. Then put the beaker on the heating table and heat it to 400° C. After 7 days, the series of alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals are obtained. In order to further grow them, the seed crystals of the series of crystals were suspended in solution with fine platinum wires. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, the beaker is covered with a layer of polyethylene plate and pierced with dozens of millimeter sized holes. After 5 weeks, take out a centimeter size alkali metal borophosphate nonlinear optical crystal from the solution.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3AH2PO4 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+5.5B2O3→A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+1.5H2O↑+H3PO4 as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, preparation of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystal by fluxing agent method: AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)—PbO as the fluxing agent system, the said reagents are used as the solute with the molar ratio of solute:fluxing agent=0.5:7, the molar ratio of AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)/PbO was selected at 1/6. Then, mixed the said reagents with fluxing agent and put into a Φ80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 350° C., held at this temperature for 60 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (330° C.).
The temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 3.5° C./h to obtain the seeds.
A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution at 330° C. for 15 minutes. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for half an hour while rotating at a rate of 10 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 315° C. and then lowered at a rate of 3° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 1° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 25 mm×24 mm×10 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 3A2HPO4 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11B2O3+0.5P2O5→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+1.5H2O↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, preparation of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystal by fluxing agent method: A2CO3(A=K, Rb, Cs)—H3BO3—NH4H2PO4 as the fluxing agent system, the said reagents are used as the solute with the molar ratio of solute:fluxing agent=5:2, the molar ratio of A2CO3(A=K, Rb, Cs)/H3BO3/NH4H2PO4 was selected at 5/16/16. Then, mixed the said reagents with fluxing agent and put into a Φ 80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 350° C., held at this temperature for 60 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (330° C.).
The temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 3.5° C./h to obtain the seeds.
A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution at 330° C. for 15 minutes. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for half an hour while rotating at a rate of 10 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 315° C. and then lowered at a rate of 3° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 1° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 25 mm×24 mm×10 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 6AOH (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11B2O3+2P2O5→2A3Bi1P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+3H2O↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, preparation of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystal by fluxing agent method: ABF4-MoO3 as the fluxing agent system, the said reagents are used as the solute with the molar ratio of solute:fluxing agent=9:3, the molar ratio of ABF4/MoO3 was selected at 4/7. Then, mixed the said reagents with fluxing agent and put into a Φ 80 mm×80 mm lidless platinum crucible which was placed in the center of a vertical, programmable temperature furnace, was heated at 350° C., held at this temperature for 60 h, and then quickly cooled to the initial crystallization temperature (330° C.).
The temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 3.5° C./h to obtain the seeds.
A seed crystal of A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was attached with Pt wire to a Pt rod and then suspended on solution at 330° C. for 15 minutes. The seed crystal was kept at this temperature in solution for half an hour while rotating at a rate of 10 rpm. The temperature of the furnace was first lowered quickly to 315° C. and then lowered at a rate of 3° C./day. After the growth of crystal ended, the crystal was lifted out of liquid surface. The temperature of the crystal was then lowered to room temperature at a rate of 1° C./h. As a result, transparent A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) crystals with a size of 25 mm×24 mm×10 mm was obtained.
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 12AH2PO4 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+22H3B2O3+2P2O5→4A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+33H2↑+8H3PO4 as follows:
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 6ACl (A=K, Rb, Cs)+11B2O3+4NH4H2PO4→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+6HCl↑+4NH3↑+3H2O↑ as follows:
A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs) polycrystalline powder was prepared according to a reaction formula: 6ACl (A=K, Rb, Cs)+22H3BO3+2P2O5→2A3B11P2O23 (A=K, Rb, Cs)+6HCl↑+30H2O↑ as follows:
Reagents were weighed according to stoichiometric proportion, and then the mixture was placed in a beaker (10 mL), further add 0.1 mL deionized water into the beaker and stirred until dissolved completely. Then put the beaker on the heating table and heat it to 400° C. After 7 days, the series of alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals are obtained. In order to further grow them, the seed crystals of the series of crystals were suspended in solution with fine platinum wires. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, the beaker is covered with a layer of polyethylene plate and pierced with dozens of millimeter sized holes. After 5 weeks, take out a centimeter size alkali metal borophosphate nonlinear optical crystal from the solution.
Any alkali metal borophosphates nonlinear optical crystals obtained according to embodiments 1 to 13 was mounted on the position of 3 as shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202210743724X | Jun 2022 | CN | national |
