Compounds Having Tie2 (Tek) Activity

This invention relates to compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which possess anti-angiogenic activity and are accordingly useful in methods of treatment of disease states associated with angiogenesis in the animal or human body. The invention also concerns processes for the preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredient, and methods for the use of the compounds in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the production of anti-angiogenic effects in warm-blooded animals such as humans.

The Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase (also known as TEK) is expressed predominantly in endothelial and haematopoietic cells and is essential for vessel formation and maintenance (Jones, N. et al. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2001: 2, 257-67).

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process defined as the generation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. It is a vital yet complex biological process required for the formation and physiological functions of virtually all the organs. Normally it is transient in nature and is controlled by the local balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors in a multi-step process involving vessel sprouting, branching and tubule formation by endothelial cells (involving processes such as activation of endothelial cells (ECs), vessel destabilisation, synthesis and release of degradative enzymes, EC migration, EC proliferation, EC organisation and differentiation and vessel maturation).

Normal angiogenesis plays an important role in a variety of processes and is under stringent control. In the adult, physiological angiogenesis is largely confined to wound healing and several components of female reproductive function and embryonic development. In undesirable or pathological angiogenesis, the local balance between angiogenic and angiostatic factors is dysregulated leading to inappropriate and/or structurally abnormal blood vessel formation. Pathological angiogenesis has been associated with disease states including diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, atheroma, Kaposi's sarcoma and haemangioma (Fan et al, 1995, Trends Pharmacology. Science. 16: 57-66; Folkman, 1995, Nature Medicine 1: 27-31). In cancer, growth of primary and secondary tumours beyond 1-2 mm³requires angiogenesis (Folkman, J. New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 33, 1757-1763).

In diseases such as cancer in which progression is dependant on aberrant angiogenesis, blocking the process can lead to prevention of disease advancement (Folkman, J. 1995, Nature Medicine. 1: 27-31). Many factors are described in the scientific literature that are believed to play important critical roles in the regulation of angiogenesis. Two major classes of angiogenic factors are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiopoietins. These polypeptide moieties interact with their respective receptors (transmembrane tyrosine kinases which are predominantly endothelial cell specific) and induce cellular responses via ligand mediated signal transduction. It has been speculated that VEGF and the angiopoietins co-operate to regulate various aspects of the angiogenic process during both normal and pathological angiogenesis via signalling through their respective receptors.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important in the transmission of biochemical signals across the plasma membrane of cells. These transmembrane molecules characteristically consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain connected through a segment in the plasma membrane to an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Binding of ligand to the receptor results in stimulation of the receptor-associated tyrosine kinase activity that leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on both the receptor and other intracellular molecules. These changes in tyrosine phosphorylation initiate a signalling cascade leading to a variety of cellular responses. To date, at least nineteen distinct RTK subfamilies, defined by amino acid sequence homology, have been identified. One of these subfamilies is presently comprised by the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor, Flt or Flt1, the kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR (also referred to as Flk-1), and another fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor, Flt4. Two of these related RTKs, Flt and KDR, have been shown to bind VEGF with high affinity (De Vries et al, 1992, Science 255: 989-991; Terman et al, 1992, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1992, 187: 1579-1586). Binding of VEGF to these receptors expressed in heterologous cells has been associated with changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation status of cellular proteins and calcium fluxes.

Recently a second family of predominantly endothelial cell specific receptors that regulate vessel destabilisation and maturation have been identified. The Tie receptors and their ligands, the angiopoietins, co-operate closely with VEGF during both normal and pathological angiogenesis. The transmembrane receptors Tie1 and Tie2, constitute a family of endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors involved in maintenance of blood vessel integrity and which are involved in angiogenic outgrowth and vessel remodelling. Structurally Tie1 and Tie2 share a number of features (e.g. the intracellular domains of both these receptors each contain a tyrosine kinase domain interrupted by a kinase insert region) and thus constitute a distinct RTK subfamily. Overall sequence identity between Tie1 and Tie2 receptors at the amino acid level is 44% while their intracellular domains exhibit 76% homology. Targeted disruption of the Tie1 gene results in a lethal phenotype characterised by extensive haemorrhage and poor microvessel integrity (Puri, M. et al. 1995 EMBO Journal: 14:5884-5891). Transgenic mice deficient in Tie2 display defects in vessel sprouting and remodelling and display a lethal phenotype in mid gestation (E9.5-10.5) caused by severe defects in embryonic vasculature (Sato, T. et al. 1995 Nature 370: 70-74).

To date no ligands have been identified for Tie1 and little is known regarding its signalling abilities. However, Tie1 is believed to influence Tie2 signalling via heterodimerisation with the Tie2 receptor hence potentially modulating the ability of Tie2 to autophosphorylate (Marron, M. et al. 2000 Journal of Biological Chemistry: 275, 39741-39746) and recent chimaeric Tie1 receptor studies have indicated that Tie-1 may inhibit apoptosis via the PI 3 kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway (Kontos, C. D., et al., 2002 Molecular and Cellular Biology: 22, 1704-1713). In contrast, a number of ligands, designated the angiopoietins have been identified for Tie2 of which Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) is the best characterised. Binding of Ang1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tie2 receptor via autophosphorylation and subsequently activation of its signalling pathways via signal transduction. Ang2 has been reported to antagonise these effects in endothelial cells (Maisonpierre, P. et al. 1997 Science: 277, 55-60). The knock-out and transgenic manipulation of Tie2 and its ligands suggest that stringent spatial and temporal control of Tie2 signalling is imperative for the correct development of new vasculature. There are also reports of at least another two ligands (Ang3 and Ang4) as well as the possibility of heterodimerisation between the angiopoietin ligands that has the potential to modify their activity (agonistic/antagonistic) on association with the receptor. Activation of the Tie2 receptor by Ang1 inhibits apoptosis (Papapetropoulos, A., et al., 2000 Journal of Biological Chemistry: 275 9102-9105), promotes sprouting in vascular endothelial cells (Witzenbicher, B., et al., 1998 Journal of Biological Chemistry: 273, 18514-18521) and in vivo promotes blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis and reduces the permeability and consequent leakage from adult microvessels (Thurston, G. et al., 2000 Nature Medicine: 6, 460-463). Thus activated Tie2 receptor is reported to be involved in the branching, sprouting and outgrowth of new vessels and recruitment and interaction of periendothelial support cells important in maintaining vessel integrity and overall appears to be consistent with promoting microvessel stability. Absence of Tie2 activation or inhibition of Tie2 auto phosphorylation may lead to a loss of vascular structure and matrix/cell contacts (Thurston, G., Cell Tissue Res (2003), 314: 61-69) and in turn may trigger endothelial cell death, especially in the absence of survival or growth stimuli. On the basis of the above reported effects due to Tie2 kinase activity, inhibiting Tie2 kinase may provide an anti-angiogenic effect and thus have application in the therapy of disease states associated with pathological angiogenesis. Tie2 expression has been shown to be up-regulated in the neovasculature of a variety of tumours (e.g. Peters, K. G. et al, British Journal of Cancer 1998; 77, 51-56) suggesting that inhibiting Tie2 kinase activity will result in anti-angiogenic activity. In support of this hypothesis, studies with soluble Tie2 receptor (extracellular domain) (Pengnian, L. et al., 1997, Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997: 100, 2072-2078 and Pengnian, L. et al., 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1998: 95, 8829-8834) have shown anti-tumour activity in in vivo tumour models. In addition these experiments also indicate that disruption of the Tie2 signalling pathways in a normal healthy individual may be well tolerated as no adverse toxicities were observed in these studies.

Examination of human primary breast cancer samples and human and murine breast cancer cell lines (Stratmann, A., et al., 2001, International Journal of Cancer: 91, 273-282) indicate that Tie2 dependant pathways of tumour angiogenesis may exist alongside KDR dependant pathways and, in fact, may operate both independently (Siemeister G., et al., 1999 Cancer Research: 59, 3185-3191) as well as in concert with each other (e.g. VEGF A and Ang1 reported to collaborate to induce angiogenesis and produce non-leaky mature vessels Thurston, G, et al., 1999 Science: 286, 2511-2514). It is quite possible that a mix of such angiogenic processes even exist within a single tumour.

Tie2 has also been shown to play a role in the vascular abnormality called venous malformation (VM) (Mulliken, J. B. & Young, A. E. 1998, Vascular Birthmarks: W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia). Such defects can either be inherited or can arise sporadically. VM's are commonly found in the skin or mucosal membranes but can affect any organ. Typically lesions appear as spongy, blue to purple vascular masses composed of numerous dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Among the inherited forms of this disease the most common defect appears to be a Tie2 kinase mutation C2545T in the Tie2 coding sequence (Calvert, J. T., et al., 1999 Human Molecular genetics: 8, 1279-1289), which produces a R849W amino acid substitution in the kinase domain. Analysis of this Tie2 mutant indicates that it is constitutively activated even in the absence of ligand (Vikkula, M., et al., 1996 Cell: 87, 1181-1190).

Upregulation of Tie2 expression has also been found within the vascular synovial pannus of arthritic joints in humans, which is consistent with the role of inappropriate neovascularisation.

Such examples provide further indications that inhibition of Tie2 phosphorylation and subsequent signal transduction will be useful in treating disorders and other occurrences of inappropriate neovascularisation. To date only a few inhibitors of Tie2 are known in the art. For example, International Application No: WO 04/013141 describes a group of condensed pyridines and pyrimidines and International Application No: WO 04/058776 describes a group of pyridine and pyrimidine compounds. There is thus a need to identify additional Tie2 inhibitors that could exploit the full therapeutic potential of inhibiting/modulating the Tie2 signalling pathways.

We have found that certain compounds possess inhibitory activity for the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with pathological angiogenesis such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases where active angiogenesis is undesirable.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a compound of the Formula I:

wherein:

A represents an aryl group or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl;

B represents a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, an aryl group, a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, or a 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur and which is saturated, partially saturated or aromatic;

D represents 5 or 6 membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl ring which optionally comprises 1 or 2 or 3 further heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur;

L is attached meta or para on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group and represents —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —C(R^aR_b)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR_b)_y—, —C(R^aR_b)N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR_b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —O—C(O)—N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—;

wherein Z is a direct bond, —O— or —N(R⁸)—

wherein x and y are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that x+y<4 and where L is a group —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— where Z is a group —N(R⁸)—, then x is other than 0,

wherein R⁸and R⁹represents hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl,

wherein R^aand R^bindependently represent hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl or R^aand R^btogether with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent (3-6C)cycloalkyl; and

wherein a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis optionally substituted by halogeno, cyano, hydroxy or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring

R¹is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy or (3-7C)cycloalkyl wherein the (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy and the (3-7C)cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein said heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings are optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following: (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

or R¹represents a group —NR²R³as defined below;

p is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkylsulfonyl, phenyl(CH₂)_u— wherein u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, or R²and R³together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from N or O;

wherein a (1-6C)alkyl, the (1-6C)alkoxy, the (1-6C)alkanoyl and the (3-6C)cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^dis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring,

wherein the (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy groups and the (1-6C)alkyl groups of the mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl and/or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups;

wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from halo, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino;

and wherein any heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings within R¹and/or R²are optionally independently substituted by one or more of the following: (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or —C(O)(CH₂)_zR⁴wherein z is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and R⁴is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

and provided that when R¹and/or R²is a (1C)alkanoyl group, then the (1C)alkanoyl is not substituted by fluoro or hydroxy;

R⁵is selected from cyclopropyl, cyano, halo, (1-6C)alkoxy or (1-6C)alkyl, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by cyano or by one or more fluoro;

n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

R⁶is selected from halo, cyano, oxo, a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, —S(O)_q-(1-6C)alkyl wherein q is 0, 1 or 2, —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl; or

R⁶is selected from (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl, —S(O)_q-(1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from cyano, fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

wherein the (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring and saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups selected from (1-6C)alkyl or hydroxy(1-6C)alkyl; and

m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

and when B is a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a saturated or partially saturated 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group, the rings and bicyclic group optionally bear 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo substituents;

and salts or solvates thereof.

with the proviso that:

(i) when D is pyrimidin-5-yl, the 4-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by R¹, the 6-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by —NR²R³, and L is —C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)C(R^aR^b)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)O—, or —OC(O)—N(R⁹)— and a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aor R^bis unsubstituted then the 2-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl cannot be substituted by hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy;
(ii) when L represents —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —S(O)₂N(R⁸)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, where x+y>0, D is pyrimidin-5-yl, and one of R¹is a group NR²R³, then p is 3 and the other two R¹groups are also NR²R³groups;
(iii) when L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— where x+y>0, D is pyrimidin-5-yl and one of R¹is a group NR²R³, then p is 3 and the other two R¹groups are also NR²R³groups;
(iv) where L represents —C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)C(R^aR^b)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)O—, or —OC(O)—N(R⁹)—, D is pyrimidin-5-yl, and the 2-position of the pyrimidinyl-5-yl is substituted by —NR²R³, then both the 4-position and 6-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl must be substituted by —NR²R³,

in the preparation of a medicament for use as a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a warm-blooded animal such as man.

In an alternative embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, but subject to the following alternative provisos:

that:

(i′) when D is pyrimidin-5-yl, the 4-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by R¹, the 6-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by —NR²R³, and L is —C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)C(R^aR^b)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—, —N(R⁸)C(O)O—, or —OC(O)—N(R⁹)— and a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aor R^bis unsubstituted then the 2-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl cannot be substituted by hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy

(ii′) when D is pyrimidin-5-yl, the 4-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by R¹, the 6-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl is substituted by —NR²R³, x+y>0 then the 2-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl cannot be substituted by (3-7C)cycloalkyl;

(iii′) when D is pyrimidin-5-yl and the 2-position of the pyrimidinyl-5-yl is substituted by —NR²R³, then both the 4-position and 6-position of the pyrimidin-5-yl must be substituted by —NR²R³.

In a particular embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, but with the proviso that when L is a group —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, then at least one of x or y is other than 0, or Z is other than a direct bond, in the preparation of a medicament for use as a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a warm-blooded animal such as man.

In a further particular embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, but with the proviso that when L is a group —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— then p is at least 1 and at least one R¹group is other than unsubstituted (1-6C)alkyl, unsubstituted (1-6C)alkoxy or hydroxy, in the preparation of a medicament for use as a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a warm-blooded animal such as man.

In yet a further embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, where L is a group —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, in the preparation of a medicament for use as a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a warm-blooded animal such as man

For the avoidance of doubt, where L is shown, the left hand side of the formula represented is attached to the ring A and the ring hand side is attached to ring B. Thus for example, when L is a group —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the moiety

is a group of sub-formula

where variables are as defined above.

In a particular embodiment, D is other than an NR²R³substituted fully unsaturated pyrimidin-5-yl although it may be a hydrogenated form of pyrimidin-5-yl such as dihydropyrimidin-5-yl, and it may carry other R¹substituent groups.

In a further particular embodiment, D is unsubstituted pyrimidin-5-yl.

In this specification the generic term “alkyl” includes both straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl groups such as propyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl. However references to individual alkyl groups such as “propyl” are specific for the straight-chain version only, references to individual branched-chain alkyl groups such as “isopropyl” are specific for the branched-chain version only. An analogous convention applies to other generic terms, for example (1-6C)alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy, (1-6C)alkylamino includes methylamino, isoproylamino and ethylamino, and di-[(1-6Calkyl]amino includes dimethylamino, diethylamino and N-methyl-N-isoproylamino. The generic term aryl refers to phenyl or naphthyl, particularly phenyl.

It is to be understood that, insofar as certain of the compounds of Formula I defined above may exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the invention includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses the above-mentioned activity. The synthesis of optically active forms may be carried out by standard techniques of organic chemistry well known in the art, for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form. Similarly, the above-mentioned activity may be evaluated using the standard laboratory techniques referred to hereinafter.

Suitable values for the generic radicals referred to above include those set out below.

Suitable 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl rings include, for example furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl or pyrazinyl. Particular 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl rings include imidazolyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl and isothiazolyl.

Suitable saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic rings include, for example oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,3-s thiazolyl, 1,3-thiazolidinyl, 1,3-oxazolidinyl, oxepanyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl (perhydro-1,4-thiazinyl), (8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl), (7-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl), perhydroazepinyl, perhydrooxazepinyl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazinyl, 1-oxotetrahydrothienyl, 1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1,4-thiazinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl or tetrahydropyrimidinyl, preferably tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, 1,1-dioxotetrahydro-4H-1,4-thiazinyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl, more preferably tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, morpholino, 1,1-dioxotetrahydro-4H-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, piperidino, piperidin-4-yl or piperazin-1-yl. A suitable value for such a group which bears 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo substituents is, for example, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 2-thioxopyrrolidinyl, 2-oxoimidazolidinyl, 2-thioxoimidazolidinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxoimidazolidinyl or 2,6-dioxopiperidinyl. The saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic rings are optionally substituted by one or more (1-6C)alkyl groups and/or by one or more hydroxy. For avoidance of doubt it will be understood that this definition includes tautomers of hydroxy substituted ring systems where the hydroxy tautomerizes to an oxo group.

Suitable 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic groups include thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, imidazolo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, dihydrocyclopentathiazolyl, tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazolyl, furo[3,2-b]furanyl, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrazolyl, thieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolin-yl, benzo[b]furanyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indenyl, naphthalenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, decalin and norbornane. Particular 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic groups include thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolin-yl, benzo[b]furanyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indenyl, naphthalenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl and 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl.

The bicyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more groups R⁶as hereinbefore defined.

Suitable 5 or 6 membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl ring which optionally further comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur include: pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furazanyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl

The group A may particularly be attached to the ethynyl group via a carbon atom in the aryl group or in the 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring. The group B may particularly be attached to the group L via a carbon atom.

Suitable values for any of the substituents herein, for example the ‘R’ groups (R¹to R¹¹) or for various groups within a A, B or L group include:

for halo fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
for (1-6C)alkyl: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl;
for (1-6C)alkoxy: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy and butoxy;
for (1-6C)alkylsulfonyl: methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl;
for (1-6C)alkylamino: methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino and butylamino;
for di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino: dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino and diisopropylamino;
for (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl: methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl;
for (1-6C)alkanoyl: formyl, acetyl and propionyl;
for (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl methoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl;
for hydroxy(1-6C)alkyl: hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl and 3-hydroxypropyl;
for (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkyl: methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 1-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl and 3-methoxypropyl;
for (3-7C)cycloalkyl: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl;
for (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy: methoxymethoxy, methoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxy, methoxybutoxy, methoxyhexoxy, ethoxyethoxy, ethoxypropoxy, ethoxybutoxy, propoxypropoxy and propoxybutoxy;
for (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy: methoxymethoxymethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxymethoxy, methoxybutoxyethoxy, methoxyhexoxymethoxy, ethoxyethoxyethoxy, ethoxypropoxyethoxy, ethoxybutoxymethoxy, propoxypropoxymethoxy and propoxybutoxymethoxy;
for mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl: N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl and N-propylcarbamoyl; and
for di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl: N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamoyl and N,N-diethylcarbamoyl.

When in this specification reference is made to a (1-4C)alkyl group it is to be understood that such groups refer to alkyl groups containing up to 4 carbon atoms. A skilled person will realise that representative examples of such groups are those listed above under (1-4C)alkyl that contain up to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and tert-butyl. Similarly, reference to a (1-3C)alkyl group refers to alkyl groups containing up to 3 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl. A similar convention is adopted for the other groups listed above such as (1-4C)alkoxy, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl and (1-4C)alkanoyl.

It is to be understood that certain compounds of the formula I may exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such solvated forms which exhibit an inhibitory effect on a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the formula I may exhibit polymorphism, and that the invention encompasses all such forms which exhibit an inhibitory effect on a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

It is also to be understood that the invention relates to all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the formula I forms which exhibit an inhibitory effect on a Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

Whilst pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of the invention are preferred, other non-pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of the invention may also be useful, for example in the preparation of pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of the invention.

A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the formula I is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a compound of the formula I, for example an acid-addition salt with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid; or, for example, a salt of a compound of the formula I which is sufficiently acidic, for example an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt such as a calcium or magnesium salt, or an ammonium salt, or a salt with an organic base such as methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.

Also provided as a further aspect of the invention are pro-drugs of compounds of the invention as herein before or herein after defined. Compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug which is broken down in the human or animal body to give a compound of the Formula (I). Examples of pro-drugs include in-vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the Formula (I).

Various forms of pro-drugs are known in the art. For examples of such pro-drug derivatives, see:

a) Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, (Elsevier, 1985) and Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 42, p. 309-396, edited by K. Widder, et al. (Academic Press, 1985);
b) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, edited by Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Chapter 5 “Design and Application of Prodrugs”, by H. Bundgaard p. 113-191 (1991);
c) H. Bundgaard, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 8, 1-38 (1992);
d) H. Bundgaard, et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 77, 285 (1988); and
e) N. Kakeya, et al., Chem Pharm Bull, 32, 692 (1984).

An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the Formula (I) containing a hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically-acceptable ester which is hydrolysed in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable esters for carboxy include C_1-6alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxymethyl, C_1-6alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, C_3-8cycloalkoxycarbonyloxyC_1-6alkyl esters for example 1-cyclohexylcarbonyloxyethyl; 1,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl esters, for example 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl; and C_1-6alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters.

An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the Formula (I) containing a hydroxy group includes inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters) and α-acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in-vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s. Examples of α-acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxymethoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy-methoxy. A selection of in-vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include alkanoyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), dialkylcarbamoyl and N-(dialkylaminoethyl)-N-alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates), dialkylaminoacetyl and carboxyacetyl.

Particular compounds of formula (I) include, for example, compounds of the formula I, or salts, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, unless otherwise stated, each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, A, B, L, m and n has any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in paragraphs (a) to (lllll) hereinafter:—

(a) L is attached meta on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group;

(a′) L is attached para on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group;

(b) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b′) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, (particularly x is 1 or 2) and R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b′″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—CH₂— wherein R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁸and R⁹are both hydrogen);

(b″″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x—O—(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b′″″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x—N(R₈)—(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b″″″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x—O— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(b′″″″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x—N(H)— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^b, R⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(c) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^bR⁸and R⁹are all hydrogen);

(c′) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(c″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(c′″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—CH₂— wherein R⁸is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl particularly R⁸is hydrogen);

(d) L is —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(d′) L is —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(d″) L is —C(O)N(R⁹)—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(d″) L is —C(O)N(R⁹)—CH₂— wherein R⁹is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁹is hydrogen);

(e) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(e′) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(e″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(e′″) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—CH₂— wherein R⁸is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁸hydrogen);

(f) L is —O—C(O)—N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(f′) L is —O—C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(f″) L is O—C(O)N(R⁹)—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(f″) L is —O—C(O)N(R⁹)—CH₂— wherein R⁹is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁹is hydrogen);

(g) L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(g′) L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(g″) L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(g′″) L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—CH₂— wherein R⁸is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁸is hydrogen);

(h) L is —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x and y are as defined above, and Z is —O— or —N(H)—, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen);

(h′) L is —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(h″) L is —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—CR^aR^b— wherein R^a, R^band R⁹are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁹are all hydrogen);

(h″) L is —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—CH₂— wherein R⁹is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R⁹is hydrogen);

(i) L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— wherein x is as defined above, and R^a, R^band R⁸are independently selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly R^a, R^band R⁸are all hydrogen); Particularly L is —N(H)C(O)N(H)—;

(j) R^aand R^brepresent hydrogen;

(j′) R^aand R^bindependently represent hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, wherein a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis optionally substituted by hydroxy or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

(j″) R^aand R^bindependently represent hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, wherein a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis optionally substituted by hydroxy or a saturated or partially saturated 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring;

(j′″) R^aand R^bindependently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,

wherein a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis optionally substituted by hydroxy or pyrrolin-1-yl;

(k) A is selected from phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl;

(k′) A is selected from phenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl;

(k″) A is phenyl or pyridyl;

(k′″) A is phenyl or pyridyl, wherein the nitrogen in the pyridyl ring is in the 3-position relative to the alkyne bond;

(k″″) A is phenyl or thizolyl;

(k′″″) A is phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, or thiadiazolyl;

(l) A is phenyl;

(m) A is pyridyl;

(n) A is phenyl or pyridyl and n is 0;

(n′) A is phenyl or thizolyl and n is 0;

(n″) A is thiazolyl;

(n′″) A is thiadiazolyl;

(n″″) A is thiazolyl and n is 0 or n is 1 and R⁵is (1-4C)alkyl;

(o) A is phenyl and n is 0 or n is 1 and R⁵is (1-4C)alkyl;

(p) A is pyridyl and n is 0 or n is 1 and R⁵is (1-4C)alkyl;

(q) A is selected from phenyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl and pyrimidyl.

(r) When B is a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring then B is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl;

(s) When B is a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring then B is selected from oxetanyl, azetidinyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, homopiperazinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl and dihydrothiopyranyl;

(t) When B is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring then B is selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl;

(u) When B is an 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and which is saturated, partially saturated or aromatic then B is selected from 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, benzodioxinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropentalene, benzofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthienyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, pyridoimidazolyl, pyrimidoimidazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phthalazinyl, cinnolinyl, indolyl, and naphthyridinyl.

or B is a group of the formula:

wherein W is a 5-7 membered ring (including the bridging atoms), said W ring comprising carbon atoms or optionally further heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, wherein said bicyclic ring contains no more that 4 heteroatoms in total. Examples of such rings include: pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazinyl, 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, 4H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazinyl, 4H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridinyl, isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidinyl, 4H-thiopyrano[3,4-d]isoxazolyl, 4H-pyrano[3,4-d]isoxazolyl, 7aH-indolyl, 7aH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 7aH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrimidinyl, 4,7a-dihydrothiopyrano[4,3-b]pyrrolyl and 4,7a-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrrolyl.

(v) B is aryl, particularly phenyl;

(w) B is a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 (particularly 4 to 6) membered heterocyclic ring that contains one or two heteroatoms (particularly one heteroatom) selected from oxygen and nitrogen;

(x) B is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

(y) B is a 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2 or 3 (particularly 1 or 2) heteroatoms independently selected from N and O and which is saturated, partially saturated or aromatic;

(z) B is selected from a saturated or partially saturated 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring, an aryl group, a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl, or a 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and which is saturated, partially saturated or aromatic;

(aa) B is selected from a saturated or partially saturated 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring, an aryl group or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl;

(bb) B is selected from a saturated or partially saturated 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl;

(cc) B is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl and 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl;

(dd) B is selected from phenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, furyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl;

(dd′) B is selected from phenyl, cyclobutyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, furyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl;

(dd″) B is selected from cyclohexyl, phenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, furyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl;

(dd′″) B is selected from phenyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, and isoxazolyl;

(dd″″) B is isoxazolyl;

(ee) B is selected from phenyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3-di-hydro-indenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, furyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, benzodioxinyl, benzodioxolyl or tetrahydropyranyl.

(ee′) B is selected from phenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3-di-hydro-indenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, furyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, benzodioxinyl, benzodioxolyl or tetrahydropyranyl.

(ff) B is selected from piperidinyl, phenyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl and pyridyl;

(gg) B is selected from phenyl, pyrazolyl, thiadiazolyl and isoxazolyl;

(hh) B is selected from isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl and pyrazolyl;

(ii) B is selected from isoxazolyl and pyrazolyl;

(jj) B is phenyl;

(kk) B is isoxazolyl;

(ll) B is pyrazolyl;

(ll′) D is selected from pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl.

(ll″) D is selected from oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl.

(ll′″) D is selected from pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl;

(ll′″″) D is selected from thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl.

(ll′″″) The ring D has a nitrogen atom at the meta position with respect to the alkynyl group in Formula I.

(mm) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, phenyl(CH₂)_u— wherein u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl, the (1-6C)alkanoyl and the (3-6C)cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^dis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein the (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy groups and the (1-6C)alkyl groups of the mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl and/or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more (for example 1 or 2) hydroxy groups;

wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from halo, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino;

and wherein any heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings within R²and/or R³are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or —C(O)(CH₂)_zR⁴wherein z is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and R⁴is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

and provided that when R²and/or R³is a (1C)alkanoyl group, then the (1C)alkanoyl is not substituted by fluoro or hydroxy;

(nn) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl or (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

(oo) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (mm);

(pp) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkylsulfonyl, phenyl(CH₂)_u— wherein u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl, the (1-6C)alkanoyl and the (1-6C)cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (mm);

wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (mm);

(qq) R²hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl or (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

(rr) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (mm);

(ss) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkylsulfonyl, phenyl(CH₂)_u— wherein u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl, the (1-6C)alkanoyl and the (3-6C)cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from hydroxy, (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^dis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein the (1-6C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy groups and the (1-6C)alkyl groups of the mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl, di-[(1-6C)alkly]carbamoyl and/or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more (for example 1 or 2) hydroxy groups;

and wherein any heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings within R²and/or R³are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or —C(O)(CH₂)_zR⁴wherein z is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and R⁴is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

and provided that when R²and/or R³is a (1C)alkanoyl group, then the (1C)alkanoyl is not substituted by fluoro or hydroxy;

(tt) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl or (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

(uu) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (ss);

(vv) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkylsulfonyl, phenyl(CH₂)_u— wherein u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (ss);

(ww) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl(CH₂)_v— in which v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

and wherein any heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings within R²are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (ss);

(xx) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl, (1-6C)alkyl or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (ss);

(yy) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl and (1-6C)alkyl;

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (ss);

(zz) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkanoyl and (1-6C)alkyl,

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-3C)alkylamino, di(1-3C)alkylamino, carbamoyl or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-3C)alkyl in which R^dis hydrogen or (1-3C)alkyl, or a saturated 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein the (1-4C)alkoxy and (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkoxy and the (1-3C)alkyl groups of the mono(1-3C)alkylamino, di-[(1-3C)alkyl]amino and/or —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more (for example 1 or 2) hydroxy groups;

and wherein any heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings within R³are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-3C)alkylamino or di-[(1-3C)alkyl]amino, or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring, or —C(O)(CH₂)_zR⁴wherein z is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and R⁴is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

and provided that when R²and/or R³is a (1C)alkanoyl group, then the (1C)alkanoyl is not substituted by fluoro or hydroxy;

(aaa) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, (1-3C)alkanoyl and (1-3C)alkyl;

wherein the (1-3C)alkyl and the (1-3C)alkanoyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (zz);

(bbb) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen and (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl);

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl) group is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (zz);

(ccc) R²is hydrogen and R³is (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl),

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl) group is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, as hereinbefore defined in (zz);

(ccc′) R²and R³are both hydrogen or R²is hydrogen and R³is (1-6C)alkyl

wherein (1-6Calkyl) is optionally substituted by amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di(1-6C)alkylamino or a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

(ccc″) R²and R³are both hydrogen or R²is hydrogen and R³is (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkanoyl,

wherein (1-6Calkyl) is optionally substituted by (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy;

(ccc′″″) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, acetyl or methoxyethyoxymethyl;

(ddd) R²and R³are both hydrogen or R¹is hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl and R²is (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkanoyl;

wherein (1-6Calkyl) or (1-6C)alkanoyl is optionally substituted by hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di(1-6C)alkylamino, carbamoyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, (1-6C)alkoxy(1-6C)alkoxy, —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^dis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, aryl (particularly phenyl), a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring;

wherein the (1-6C)alkoxy, mono(1-6C)alkylamino and —N(R^d)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by hydroxy;

wherein an aryl ring, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted by (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy or —C(O)CH₂R⁴wherein R⁴is selected from hydroxy or di(1-6C)alkylamino.

(eee) R²and R³are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-(isopropylamino)ethyl, 3-(isopropylamino)propyl, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 3-carbamoylpropyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl, 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-piperidin-1-ylethyl, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl, 2-pyridin-2-ylethyl, 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl, 2-pyridin-4-ylethyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl and 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl;

(fff) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-(isopropylamino)ethyl, 3-(isopropylamino)propyl, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 3-carbamoylpropyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl, 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-piperidin-1-ylethyl, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl, 2-pyridin-2-ylethyl, 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl, 2-pyridin-4-ylethyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl and 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl;

(ggg) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 3-(isopropylamino)propyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-morpholino-4-yl-ethyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-piperidin-1-ylethyl;

(ggg′) R¹is hydrogen and R²is selected from R²is (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl), wherein the (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl) group is substituted by a saturated 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring;

(ggg″) R¹is hydrogen and R²is selected from 2-morpholino-4-yl-ethyl or 3-morpholinyl-4-ylpropyl;

(hhh) R²is hydrogen or methyl and R³is selected from hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 2-(isopropylamino)ethyl, 3-(isopropylamino)propyl, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, 4-(dimethylamino)butyl, 2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl, carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetyl, 2-(2-hydroxyacetamido)ethyl, 3-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl, 2-[(1-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylethyl), 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl, 1-glycoloylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl, 1-(N,N-dimethylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl, 2-piperazin-1-ylethyl, 3-piperazin-1-ylpropyl, 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl, 2-pyridin-2-ylethyl, 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl, 5-t-butyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 2-pyridin-4-ylethyl and 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl;

(iii) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-piperidin-1-ylethyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylpropyl and 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl;

(jjj) R²is hydrogen and R³is selected from 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl, 3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl, 2-piperidin-1-ylethyl, 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl and 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl;

(kkk) R²and R³are both (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl);

(lll) R²is hydrogen and R³is methyl;

(lll′) R²and R³are both hydrogen;

(mmm) R¹is selected from hydrogen, (1-3C)alkyl or (1-3C)alkoxy,

wherein the (1-3C)alkyl and the (1-3C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein said heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

or R¹represents a group —NR²R³as defined above;

(nnn) R¹is selected from hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl,

wherein the (1-6C)alkyl group is optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, carbamoyl, mono(1-6C)alkylcarbamoyl or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]carbamoyl, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein said heterocyclic and heteroaryl rings are optionally independently substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino or di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

or R¹represents a group —NR²R³as defined above;

(ooo) R¹is selected from hydrogen and a group —NR²R³as defined above (particularly —NH₂);

(ppp) R¹is hydrogen;

(qqq) p is 0 or p is 1, 2 or 3 and R³is independently selected from hydroxy and (1-6C)alkoxy or a group —NR²R³as defined above (particularly —NH₂);

(qqq′) p is 0 or p is 1 and R³is independently selected from hydroxy and (1-6C)alkoxy or a group —NR²R³as defined above (particularly —NH₂);

(qqq′) R¹is selected from hydrogen or a group —NR²R³as defined above (particularly —NH₂);

(qqq″) R¹is selected from hydrogen or —NH₂.

(rrr) R¹is independently selected from (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-3C)alkyl);

(sss) R⁵is selected from (1-6C)alkyl and (1-6C)alkoxy;

(ttt) R⁵is selected from (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

(uuu) R⁵is selected from methyl and methoxy;

(vvv) n is 0, 1 or 2 (particularly 0 or 1, more particularly 0);

(www) n is 1 or 2 and R⁵is independently selected from halo, (1-6C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkyl, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by cyano or one or more fluoro;

(xxx) n is 1 or 2 and R⁵is independently selected from cyano, halo, (1-6C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkyl, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by cyano or one or more fluoro;

(yyy) n is 0 or 1 and when n is 1, R⁵is (1-4C)alkyl (particularly methyl);

(zzz) n is 1 or 2 and R⁵is independently selected from cyclopropyl and (1-6C)alkyl, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl groups are optionally substituted by cyano or one or more fluoro;

(aaaa) n is 1 and R⁵is (1-6C)alkyl, particularly (1-3C)alkyl;

(bbbb) n is 0

(cccc) n is 1;

(dddd) R⁶is independently selected from halo, cyano, a (3-4C)cycloalkyl ring, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl; or R⁶is selected from (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from cyano, fluoro, hydroxy, (1-6C)alkoxy, amino, mono(1-6C)alkylamino, di-[(1-6C)alkyl]amino, a (3-7C)cycloalkyl ring or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring;

(eeee) R⁶is independently selected from halo, cyano, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or an —N(R^cC)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl; or R⁶is selected from (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1- or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from cyano, fluoro, hydroxy and amino (particularly fluoro);

(ffff) R⁶is independently selected from halo, cyano, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^cis hydrogen or (1-3C)alkyl; or R⁶is selected from (1-4C)alkyl or (1-4C)alkoxy, wherein the (1-4C)alkyl and the (1-4C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from cyano, fluoro, hydroxy and amino (particularly fluoro);

(ggg) R⁶is selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, acetylamino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and morpholin-4-yl;

(hhhh) R⁶is selected from fluoro, chloro, acetylamino, methyl, propyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, methoxy and morpholin-4-yl; [exemplification in this case]

(iiii) R⁶is independently selected from (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy or a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring (particularly morpholin-4-yl or piperidin-1-yl), wherein (1-6C)alkyl and (1-6C)alkoxy are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halo, particularly fluoro,

wherein a saturated 3-7 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted by hydroxy(1-2C)alkyl;

(iiii′) R⁶is independently selected from hydroxy, halo (particularly chloro or fluoro), (1-6C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkoxy, di-(1-6C)alkylamino or a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring (particularly morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl or piperazin-1-yl), wherein (1-6C)alkyl and (1-6C)alkoxy are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halo, particularly fluoro,

wherein a saturated 3-7 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted by (1-2C)alkyl or hydroxy(1-2C)alkyl;

(iiii″) R⁶is independently selected from (1-6C)alkyl (optionally substituted 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halo, particularly fluoro), halo or (1-6C)alkoxy;

(iiii′″) R⁶is independently selected from (1-6C)alkyl;

(jjjj) R⁶is independently selected from methyl, trifluoromethyl, morpholin-4-yl or piperidin-1-yl, 4-hydroxymethylpiperidin-1-yl;

(jjjj′) R⁶is independently selected from methyl, methoxy, di-methylamino, hydroxy, oxo, chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, morpholin-4-yl or piperidin-1-yl, 4-hydroxymethylpiperidin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperzin-1-yl;

(jjjj″) R⁶is independently selected from chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, methyl or methoxy;

(jjjj′″) R⁶is independently selected from t-butyl;

(kkkk) R⁶is independently selected from halo, trifluoromethyl, methyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, acetylamino or morpholino.

(llll) R⁶is independently selected from halo, cyano, oxo, (3-7C)cycloalkyl, a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring (optionally substituted by (1-4C)alkyl or hydroxy(1-4C)alkyl), —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl wherein R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-4C)alkyl), (1-6C)alkyl (optionally substituted by up to three groups independently selected from halo, particularly fluoro) or (1-6C)alkoxy (optionally substituted by up to three groups independently selected from halo, particularly fluoro).

(llll′) R⁶is independently selected from hydroxy, halo, cyano, oxo, (3-7C)cycloalkyl, a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring (optionally substituted by (1-4C)alkyl or hydroxy(1-4C)alkyl), —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl wherein R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl (particularly (1-4C)alkyl), (1-6C)alkyl (optionally substituted by a saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or up to three groups independently selected from halo, particularly fluoro), (1-6C)alkoxy (optionally substituted by up to three groups independently selected from halo, particularly fluoro) or di-(1-6C)alkylamino.

(mmmm) R⁶is independently selected from halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, acetylamino, oxo, cyclopropyl, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl and 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl.

(mmmm′) R⁶is independently selected from hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, 1-cyanoethyl, methoxy, isopropoxy, di-methylamino, acetylamino, oxo, cyclopropyl, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl and 4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl

(mmmm″) R⁶is independently selected from halo (such as chloro), trifluoromethyl, methoxy, dimethylamino, morpholin-4-yl or piperidin-1-yl;

(mmmm′″) at least one R⁶group is selected from amino, mono(C_1-6alkyl)amino, di-(C_1-6-alkyl)amino such as dimethylamino;

(nnnn) m is 1 or 2;

(oooo) m is 1;

(pppp) m is 2;

(qqqq) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from: 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)]phenyl, 5-methyl-furan-2-yl and 4-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-5-yl;

(qqqq′) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from: 2-hydroxycyclohexyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 2-(dimethylamine)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, morpholin-4-yl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)]phenyl, 5-methyl-furan-2-yl, 2-(4-methylpiperzin-1-yl)phenyl and 4-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-5-yl;

(qqqq′″) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from 2-chloro-phenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-chloro-thien-5-yl, 1-methylimidazol-4-yl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl;

(qqqq″″) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from 2-chloro-phenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-chloro-thien-5-yl, 1-methylimidazol-4-yl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl;

(qqqq′″″) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 is 5-t-butyl-isoxazol-3-yl;

(rrrr) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from

2-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-fluoro-phenyl, 2-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-phenyl, 2,3-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,4-difluoro-phenyl, 4,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-cyano-phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-acetylaminophenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-fluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(4-hydroxymethylpiperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydropyran-4-yl, 5-methyl-furan-2-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-t-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl, 5-t-butyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 4-t-butyl-thiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-isothiazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isothiazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 2-chloro-thien-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-t-butyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-t-butyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-t-butyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-ethyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-isopropyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 4-trifluoro-pyrid-2-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-3-yl and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-2-yl; 5-methylpyrazin-2-yl and 4-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-5-yl;

(rrrr′) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from 2-hydroxycyclohexyl, phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-phenyl, 2,3-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,4-difluoro-phenyl, 4,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-cyano-phenyl, 3-(1-cyanoethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(dimethylamine)phenyl, 3-acetylaminophenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 2-morpholin-4-yl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(4-hydroxymethylpiperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethylphenyl, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydropyran-4-yl, 5-methyl-furan-2-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-t-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl, 5-t-butyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 4-t-butyl-thiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-isothiazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isothiazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 2-chloro-thien-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-t-butyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-t-butyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-t-butyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-ethyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-isopropyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 4-trifluoro-pyrid-2-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-3-yl and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-2-yl; 5-methylpyrazin-2-yl and 4-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-5-yl; benzodioxolyl;

(rrrr″) Ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from

2-hydroxycyclohexyl, phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-phenyl, 2,3-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,4-difluoro-phenyl, 4,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-cyano-phenyl, 3-(1-cyanoethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-(dimethylamine)phenyl, 3-acetylaminophenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 2-morpholin-4-yl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-(4-hydroxymethylpiperidin-1-yl)phenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethylphenyl, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydropyran-4-yl, 5-methyl-furan-2-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-t-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl, 5-t-butyl-isoxazol-3-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 4-t-butyl-thiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-isothiazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-isothiazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 2-chloro-thien-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-t-butyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-t-butyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-t-butyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-ethyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-isopropyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 5-isopropyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 4-trifluoro-pyrid-2-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-3-yl and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-2-yl; 5-methylpyrazin-2-yl, 4-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidin-5-yl; benzodioxolyl, and 2-(dimethylamino)phenyl;

(ssss) A is selected from phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl (particularly phenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl);

n is 0; and

L is attached meta on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group and represents —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —N(R)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—;

Z is a direct bond, —O— or —N(R⁸)—

x and y are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that x+y<4,

R⁸, R⁹, R^aand R^brepresents hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl, and

wherein a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis optionally substituted by halogeno, cyano, hydroxy or a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring (particularly a (1-6C)alkyl group in R^aand R^bis unsubstituted);

(tttt) A is selected from phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl (particularly phenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl);

n is 0; and

L is attached meta on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group and represents —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—;

D is selected from pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl;

(uuuu) A is phenyl;

n is 0; and

B is selected from a saturated or partially saturated 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring, an aryl group, a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl or a 8, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and which is saturated, partially saturated or aromatic;

(vvvv) A is phenyl;

n is 0; and

B is selected from phenyl, pyrazolyl, thiadiazolyl and isoxazolyl;

(wwww) A is selected from phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl (particularly phenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl);

n is 0;

L is attached meta on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group and represents —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—;

B is selected from phenyl, pyrazolyl, thiadiazolyl and isoxazolyl;

(xxxx) A is selected from phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl (particularly phenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl);

n is 0;

B is selected from phenyl, pyrazolyl, thiadiazolyl and isoxazolyl;

(yyyy) m is 0, 1 or 2 (particularly 1 or 2);

(zzzz) B is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, phenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl and 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, acetylamino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and morpholin-4-yl;

(aaaaa) B is selected from phenyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl and pyridyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from halo, cyano, a (3-4C)cycloalkyl ring, a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring or —N(R^c)C(O)(1-6C)alkyl in which R^cis hydrogen or (1-6C)alkyl; or R⁶is selected from (1-6C)alkyl or (1-6C)alkoxy, wherein the (1-6C)alkyl and the (1-6C)alkoxy groups are optionally substituted by one or more groups (for example 1 or 2), which may be the same or different, selected from cyano, fluoro, hydroxy and amino (particularly fluoro);

(bbbbb) B is selected from phenyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl and pyridyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

(ccccc) B is phenyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, acetylamino, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and morpholin-4-yl;

(ddddd) B is phenyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from fluoro and trifluoromethyl;

(eeeee) B is isoxazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

(fffff) B is isoxazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl (particularly methyl and tert-butyl, more particularly tert-butyl);

(ggggg) B is pyrazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

(hhhhh) B is pyrazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl (particularly methyl and tert-butyl, more particularly tert-butyl);

(iiiii) B is thiadiazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, acetylamino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy;

(jjjjj) B is thiadiazolyl;

m is 1 or 2; and

R⁶is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl (particularly methyl and tert-butyl, more particularly tert-butyl);

(cccc) Ring B—R⁶wherein m is 0, 1 or 2 is selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-acetamidophenyl, 3-acetamidophenyl, 4-acetamidophenyl, 5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 1-methyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-tert-butyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 3-methylisothiazol-5-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl, 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl, 2-oxopiperidin-3-yl, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl and 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl; and

(kkkkk) Ring B—R⁶wherein m is 1 or 2 is selected from 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-acetamidophenyl, 3-acetamidophenyl, 4-acetamidophenyl, 5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadizol-2-yl, 3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-tert-butyl-3-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 3-methylisothiazol-5-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl, 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl, 2-oxopiperidin-3-yl, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl and 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl.

(lllll) R¹and R²are both hydrogen, R³and R⁴are both hydrogen, n is 0, L is —NHC(O)NH—, and ring B—R⁶, where m is 1 or 2, is selected from 3-acetylaminophenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, 5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 3-methylisothiazol-5-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-3-tert-butyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 1-propylpiperidin-4-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-3-yl and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrid-2-yl;

(mmmmm) R^yis a group NR¹R², R^xis a group R^3aand R^zis a group R^4aand R^3aand R^4aare hydrogen, ring A is phenyl or pyridyl, n is 0 or 1, and when n is 1, R⁵is methyl, L is —NHC(O)NH—CH₂—, ring B—R⁶is selected from 2-chloro-phenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-phenyl, 2-methylaminophenyl, 2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl, or 2-piperin-1-ylphenyl.

A particular embodiment of the compounds of the Formula I is a compound of the Formula Ib:

wherein

A is selected from phenyl or pyridyl;

B is selected from isoxazolyl or pyrazolyl;

D is selected from pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl;

and R¹, R², R³, R⁵, R⁶, L, n, m and p are as defined above

and salts thereof, particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Certain compounds of formula (I) are novel and these form a further aspect of the invention. In particular, the invention provides a compound of formula (IC)

where A, B, D, R¹, R⁵, R⁶, p, n and m as defined above in relation to formula (I), subject to the following provisos:

A) when L is a group —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, then at least one of x or y is other than 0, or Z is other than a direct bond;

B) where L is a group C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁸)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y, x is 0, y is 0 and Z is a direct bond, then B is other than a substituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazol-3-yl group

C) when L is meta on ring A with respect to the point of attachment of the ethynyl group and represents —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —N(R⁸)C(O)—O—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— where x and y are both 0 and Z is a direct bond, then ring A is other than a thiazolyl ring, and

D) when L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, where Z is a direct bond, then x+y is other than 1,

E) when L is a group —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —S(O)₂N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, and x and y are both 0 and Z is a direct bond, then D is other than a thiazole group, and

F) when L is a group —N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, where x and y are both zero and Z is a direct bond, and where B is a 6-membered aryl group, a 6 membered nitrogen containing heteroaryl group, or a 9 or 10 membered bicyclic group which contains nitrogen atoms, then R⁶is other than an optionally substituted N-linked pyrrolidine group.

In a particular embodiment of the compounds of formula (IC), when L is a group C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁸)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y, then at least one of x or y is other than 0, or Z is other than a direct bond.

In a further particular embodiment of compounds of formula (IC), when L is a group C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁸)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y, x is 0, y is 0 and Z is a direct bond, then B is other than an 8 membered bicyclic group which optionally contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.

Suitably in compound of formula (IC), A is other than pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl, and in particular A is phenyl.

In one embodiment, in the compounds of formula (IC) x is greater than 0 and/or Z is other than a direct bond.

Particular examples of groups A, B, D, R¹, R⁵, R⁶, p, n and m in formula (IC) are those described above in relation to formula (I), but conditional upon provisos (A) to (D).

A compound of the Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be prepared by any process known to be applicable to the preparation of chemically-related compounds. Such processes, when used to prepare a novel compound of the Formula I are provided as a further feature of the invention and are illustrated by the following representative process variants. Necessary starting materials may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The preparation of such starting materials is described in conjunction with the following representative process variants and within the accompanying Examples. Alternatively necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist.

According to a further aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula IC or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, L, ring A, ring B, ring D, n, m and p are, unless otherwise specified, as defined in formula I) as described schematically below.

Process (a) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(H)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula II:

wherein R¹, R⁵, R⁸, n, p, D and A have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an isocyanate of the formula III:

wherein R⁶, R^a, R^b, x, y m, B and Z have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (b) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(H)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula II as defined above with an aryl carbamate of the formula IV:

wherein Ar is a suitable aryl group, for example phenyl, and Z, R⁶, R^a, R^b, x, y, m and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (c) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —C(R^aR^b)N(R⁸)C(O)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula V:

wherein W is —C(R^aR^b)— or a direct bond and R¹, R⁵, R⁸, R^a, R^b, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with a heterocycle of the formula VI:

wherein Lg²is a suitable displaceable group, for example halogeno (such as chloro, bromo), O-tosyl, O-mesyl or trifluorosulphonyloxy, and Z, R⁶, R^a, R^b, m, x, y and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (d) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(R⁸)C(O)N(H)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— the reaction of a compound of the formula II as defined above with a trichloroacetylamine of the formula VII:

wherein R⁶, R^a, R^b, x, y, m, B and Z have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (e) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(H)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— the reaction of an isocyanate of the formula VIII:

wherein R¹, R⁵, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula IX

wherein R⁶, R⁹, R^a, R^b, m, x, y, B and Z have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, or

Process (f) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(H)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— the reaction of a compound of the formula X:

wherein Ar is a suitable aryl group, for example phenyl, and R¹, R⁵, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula IX as defined above.

Process (g) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —C(R^aR^b)C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— or —C(O)N(R⁹)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula XI:

wherein Lg²is a suitable displaceable group as described above, W is —C(R^aR^b)— or a direct bond and Z, R¹, R⁵, R^a, R^b, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula XII:

wherein R⁶, R⁹, R^a, R^b, m, x, y and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (h) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is N(R⁸)C(O)—O—, the reaction of a compound of the formula II as defined above with a compound of the formula XIII:

wherein Lg¹is a suitable displaceable group, for example halogeno (such as fluoro, chloro or bromo) and R⁶, m and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (i) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula XIV:

wherein R¹, R⁵, R⁸, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an activated sulphonyl of the formula XV:

wherein R⁶, R^a, R^b, x, y m, Z and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary and wherein Lg¹is a suitable displaceable group for example halogeno (such as fluoro, chloro or bromo);

or

Process (j) For compounds of the formula IC wherein L is —S(O)₂N(R⁸)—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y—, the reaction of a compound of the formula XVI

wherein R¹, R⁵, n, p, A, D and Lg¹have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula XVII:

wherein R⁶, R⁸, R^a, R^b, x, y m, Z and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (k) For compounds of formula IC wherein Z is —O— or —N(R^a)—, the reaction of a compound of formula XVIII

wherein Y is —S(O)₂N(R⁸)— or —N(R⁸)S(O)₂— and R¹, R⁵, R⁸, R^a, R^b, n, p, x, y, A, D and Z have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with a compound of formula XIX,

wherein Lg¹is a suitable displaceable group, for example halogeno (such as fluoro, chloro, bromo), O-tosyl, O-mesyl or trifluorosulphonyloxy and R⁶, R^a, R^b, y, m and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

Process (l) For compounds of formula IC wherein Z is —O— or —N(R^a)—, the reaction of a compound of formula XX

wherein Y is —S(O)₂N(R⁸)— or —N(R⁸)S(O)₂— and Lg²is a suitable displaceable group, as described above and R¹, R⁵, R⁸, R^a, R^b, n, p, x, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with a compound of formula XXI,

wherein R⁶, R^a, R^b, m, y and B have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (m) For compounds of formula IC wherein an R¹group is —NR²R³The reaction of a compound of the formula XXII:

wherein Lg³is a suitable displaceable group for example halogeno (such as fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo), methylsulfonyl, methylsulphinyl methylthio or aryloxy (such as phenoxy) and R¹, R⁵, R⁶, n, m, p, A, B, D and L have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula HNR²R³, wherein R²and R³have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (n) The reaction of a compound of the formula XXIII:

wherein Lg⁴is a suitable displaceable group for example halogeno (such as chloro, bromo or iodo) or a sulfonyloxy group (such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) and R⁵, R⁶, n, m, A, B and L have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an heterocyle of the formula XXIV:

wherein R¹, p and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

or

Process (o) The reaction of an alkyne of the formula XXV:

wherein R⁵, R⁶, n, m, A, B and L have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with a heterocycle of the formula XXVI:

wherein Lg⁵is a suitable displaceable group for example halogeno (such as chloro, bromo or iodo) or a sulfonyloxy group (such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) and R¹, p and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary;

and thereafter if necessary:

i) converting a compound of the Formula (I) into another compound of the Formula (I);

ii) removing any protecting groups;

iii) forming a salt or solvate.

Reaction Conditions for Process (a)

The reaction of process (a) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane, an amine such as pyridine or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from ambient temperature to about 60° C., preferably at or near ambient temperature.

Reaction Conditions for Process (b)

The reaction of process (b) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as pyridine or a trialkylamine (such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine).

The reaction of process (b) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one or dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from ambient temperature to about 120° C., preferably from about 80° C. to about 100° C.

Conveniently, this reaction may also be performed by heating the reactants in a sealed vessel using a suitable heating apparatus such as a microwave heater.

Reaction Conditions for Process (c)

When Lg²is hydroxy, the reaction of process (c) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable coupling agent. A suitable coupling agent is, for example, a suitable peptide coupling agent, for example O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) or a suitable carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as dimethylaminopyridine or hydroxybenzotriazole.

When Lg²is any suitable displaceable group as described above, the reaction of process (d) may conveniently be carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as, for example, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, collidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine or diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Another suitable base is, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, for example sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, caesium carbonate or calcium carbonate.

The reaction of process (c) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example an ester such as ethyl acetate, a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane, an aromatic solvent such as toluene or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one or dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from about 0° C. to about 120° C., preferably at or near ambient temperature.

Reaction Conditions for Process (d)

The reaction of process (d) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as pyridine or a trialkylamine (such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) or, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, caesium carbonate or calcium carbonate.

The reaction of process (d) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one or dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from ambient temperature to about 120° C., preferably from about 100° C. to about 120° C.

Conveniently, this reaction may also be performed by heating the reactants in a sealed vessel using a suitable heating apparatus such as a microwave heater.

Reaction Conditions for Process (e)

The reaction of process (e) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (a).

Reaction Conditions for Process (f)

The reaction of process (f) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (b).

Reaction Conditions for Process (g)

The reaction of process (g) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (c).

Reaction Conditions for Process (h)

The reaction of process (h) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as pyridine or a trialkylamine (such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) or, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.

The reaction of process (h) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride or an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from about −10° C. to about 30° C., preferably at or near 0° C.

Reaction Conditions for Process (i)

The reaction of process (i) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent or diluent, such as methylene chloride, THF or pyridine, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or pyridine. The reaction is conveniently carried at a temperature between ambient temperature and 100° C.

Reaction Conditions for Process (j)

The reaction of process (j) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (i).

Reaction Conditions for Process (k)

The reaction of process (k) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as pyridine or a trialkylamine (such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) or, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.

The reaction of process (k) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent or diluent, for example tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from about ambient temperature to about 100° C., and under atmospheric pressure.

Reaction Conditions for Process (l)

The reaction of process (l) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (k).

Reaction Conditions for Process (m)

The reaction of process (m) may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of a suitable acid. A suitable acid is, for example, hydrogen chloride,

The reaction of process (m) may conveniently be carried out in the absence or the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent. A suitable inert solvent or diluent, when used, is for example an alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol or butanol or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one or dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from ambient temperature to about 120° C., preferably from about ambient temperature to about 60° C.

Reaction Conditions for Process (n)

The reaction of process (n) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst, optionally in combination with a suitable copper catalyst. A suitable palladium catalyst is, for example, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). A suitable copper catalyst is, for example, copper (I) iodide.

The reaction of process (n) is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base, such as a trialkylamine (for example triethylamine) or tetramethylguanidine.

The reaction of process (n) may conveniently be carried out in the absence or presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example an ester such as ethyl acetate, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane or a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one or dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from about −20° C. to about 100° C.

Reaction Conditions for Process (o)

The reaction of process (o) is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (n).

Starting Materials for Process (a)

Compounds of the formula II may be obtained by conventional procedures. For example, compounds of the formula II may be obtained by reaction of a heterocycle of the formula XXVII with an alkyne of the formula XXVIII as illustrated in Reaction Scheme 1:

wherein Lg⁴is a suitable displaceable group as described above and R¹, R⁵, R⁸, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary.

The reaction of Reaction Scheme 1 is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (n).

Alternatively, compounds of the formula II may be obtained by reaction of a pyrimidine of the formula XXVII with a protected alkyne of the formula XXIX and then with an amine of the formula XXX as illustrated in Reaction Scheme 2:

wherein Lg⁴in the compounds of the formulae XXVII and XXX are each a suitable displaceable group as described above, Pg is a suitable protecting group, for example a trialkylsilyl group, such as trimethylsilyl or tert-butyldimethylsilyl or Me₂(OH)C— and R¹, R⁵, R⁸, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary.

Step (i) of Reaction Scheme 2 is the coupling of a protected alkyne of the formula XXIX to a heterocycle of the formula XXVII. Step (i) is carried out under conditions as described above for process (n). Step (ii) of Reaction Scheme 2 is the deprotection of the alkyne under basic or acidic conditions to provide an unsubstituted alkyne. A person skilled in the art would readily be able to select the appropriate conditions for deprotection in step (ii). Step (iii) of Reaction Scheme 2 is the coupling of the alkyne to an amine of the formula XXX. Step (iii) of Reaction Scheme 2 is carried out under conditions as described above for process (o).

Alternatively, compounds of the formula II may be obtained by reaction of a compound of the formula XXXI, wherein R¹, R⁵, R⁸, n, p, A and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with an amine of the formula HNR²R³wherein R¹and R²have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, using reaction conditions as described above for process (n).

The starting materials of the formulae XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX and XXXI and the amine HNR²R³are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Isocyanates of the formula III are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art. For example, as the skilled person would appreciate, the isocyanates can conveniently be prepared from the corresponding acids or acid chlorides via a Curtis reaction with for example azide or diphenylphosphoryl azide. Alternatively, the isocyanates can conveniently be prepared by reaction of the corresponding amine with phosgene or a phosgene equivalent, for example triphosgene, diphosgene or N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (March J., Adv. Org. Chem., 4^thedition, 1992, page 1290, Wiley Interscience).

Starting Materials for Process (b)

Compounds of the formula II may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Aryl carbamates of the formula IV are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art. For example, the aryl carbamates can be prepared by reaction of an amine of the formula XXXII with an arylchloroformate as illustrated in Reaction Scheme 3:

wherein R⁶, R^a, R^b, m, x, y, B, Z and Ar have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary.

The reaction of Reaction Scheme 3 is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable base. A suitable base is, for example, an organic amine base such as pyridine or a trialkylamine (such as triethylamine).

The reaction is conveniently carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. The reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range, for example, from about −20° C. to about 100° C., preferably at or near 0° C.

The starting material of the formula XXXII and the arylchloroformate are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (c)

Compounds of formula V are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Compounds of the formula VI may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Starting Materials for Process (d)

Compounds of the formula II may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Trichloroacetylamines of the formula VII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (e)

As the skilled person would appreciate, isocyanates of the formula VIII can conveniently be prepared from the corresponding acids or acid chlorides via a Curtis reaction for example with azide or diphenylphosphoryl azide. Alternatively, the isocyanates can conveniently be prepared by reaction of the corresponding amine with phosgene or a phosgene equivalent, for example triphosgene, diphosgene or N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (March J., Adv. Org. Chem., 4^thedition, 1992, page 1290, Wiley Interscience).

Amines of the formula IX are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (f)

Compounds of the formula X are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or as the skilled person would appreciate they can be prepared using similar processes to those described above using the appropriate starting materials.

Amines of formula IX are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (g)

Compounds of the formula XI may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Amines of the formula XII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (h)

Compounds of the formula II may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Compounds of the formula XIII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (i)

Compounds of the formula XIV may be obtained by conventional procedures as discussed above.

Activated sulphonyls of the formula XV are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art. For example, as the skilled person would appreciate, the activated sulphonyls can conveniently be prepared from the corresponding sulphonic acids by reaction with phosphorous oxy chloride or thionyl chloride by heating under reflux.

Starting Materials for Process (j)

Compounds of the formula XVI may be obtained by procedures analagous to those described above for the preparation of compounds of formula II. The skilled man would appreciate that the group —NHR⁸in reaction schemes 1 and 2 could be replaced by a suitable group that can be readily converted into —SO₂-Lg¹, for example —SO₃H (converted into —SO₂-Lg¹by chlorination), —SC(═NH)—NH₂(converted into —SO₂-Lg¹by oxidative halogenation), bromo or iodo (converted into —SO₂-Lg¹through the formation of a Grignard followed by reaction with sulphuryl chloride) or an amino group (converted into —SO₂-Lg¹through formation of a diazonium salt followed by reaction with sulphur dioxide and copper (I) chloride)

Compounds of the formula XVII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (k)

Compounds of the formula XVIII may be obtained by conventional procedures analogous to the procedures for the preparation of compounds of formula II in ‘Starting Materials for Process (a)’ above.

Compounds of formula XIX are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (l)

Compounds of the formula XX may be obtained by conventional procedures analogous to the procedures for the preparation of compounds of formula II in ‘Starting Materials for Process (a)’ above.

Compounds of formula XXI are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (m)

As the skilled person would appreciate, compounds of the formula XXII can be prepared using similar processes to those described above using the appropriate starting materials, for example, wherein the starting materials carry an, optionally protected, group Lg³in place of the —NR²R³group.

Amines of the formula HNR²R³are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (n)

Compounds of formula XXIII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or as the skilled person would appreciate they can be prepared using similar processes to those described above using the appropriate starting materials. For example, compounds of the formula XXIII wherein L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— may conveniently be obtained by reaction of an amine of the formula XXXIII with an activated sulphonyl of the formula XXXIV (as described above) as illustrated in Reaction Scheme 4:

wherein Lg⁴is a suitable displaceable group as described above, L is —N(R⁸)S(O)₂—(CR^aR^b)_x-Z-(CR^aR^b)_y— and R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, R^a, R^b, n, m, x, y, A, B and Z have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary.

The reaction of Reaction Scheme 4 is conveniently carried out under the conditions as described above for process (a).

The starting materials of the formulae XXXIII are commercially available or they are known in the literature, or they can be prepared by standard processes known in the art.

Alkynes of the formula XXIV are commercially available or as the skilled person would appreciate they can be prepared using similar processes to those described above using the appropriate starting materials. For example, compounds of the formula XXIV may conveniently be obtained by reaction of a heterocycle of the formula XXXIV:

wherein Lg⁴is a suitable displaceable group as described above and R¹, p and D have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore except that any functional group is protected if necessary, with trimethylsilylacetylene or 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol conveniently under the conditions as described above for process (c), followed by the removal of the protecting group using standard procedures known in the art.

Starting Materials for Process (o)

Compounds of the formula XXV can be prepared using procedures analogous to processes (a) as described above.

Compounds of the formula XXVI are commercially available or as the skilled person would appreciate they can be prepared using similar processes to those described above using the appropriate starting materials.

Compounds of the formula I can be converted into further compounds of the formula I using standard procedures conventional in the art.

Examples of the types of conversion reactions that may be used include introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction or of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents and oxidation of substituents. The reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art.

Particular examples of aromatic substitution reactions include the introduction of an alkyl group using an alkyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; and the introduction of a halogeno group. Particular examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions include the introduction of an alkoxy group or of a monoalkylamino group, a dialkylamino group or a N-containing heterocycle using standard conditions. Particular examples of reduction reactions include the reduction of a carbonyl group to a hydroxy group with sodium borohydride or of a nitro group to an amino group by catalytic hydrogenation with a nickel catalyst or by treatment with iron in the presence of hydrochloric acid with heating.

An example of a suitable conversion reaction is the conversion of a carbamate compound of the formula I wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, n and A are as defined in claim 1, L is N(H)C(O)—O—, B is an optionally substituted phenyl group, to a compound of the formula I wherein L is N(H)C(O)NH and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, n, B and A are as defined in claim 1. Such a conversion may be achieved using standard procedures, for example by reaction of the carbamate with an appropriate amine, for example under conditions as described above for process (b).

Another example of a suitable conversion reaction is the conversion of a compound of the formula I wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, n, m, A, B and L are as defined in claim 1 and R¹and/or R²is hydrogen to a compound of the formula I wherein R¹and/or R²is, for example, an optionally substituted (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl group. Such a conversion may be achieved using standard procedures, for example by substitution of one or both of the hydrogen atoms R¹and/or R²for a desired, optionally substituted, (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl group.

Certain compounds of Formula I are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms. It will be understood that the invention encompasses all geometric and optical isomers of the compounds of formula I and mixtures thereof including racemates. Tautomers and mixtures thereof also form an aspect of the present invention.

Isomers may be resolved or separated by conventional techniques, e.g. chromatography or fractional crystallisation. Enantiomers may be isolated by separation of a racemic or other mixture of the compounds using conventional techniques (e.g. chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)). Alternatively the desired optical isomers may be made by reaction of the appropriate optically active starting materials under conditions which will not cause racemisation, or by derivatisation, for example with a homochiral acid followed by separation of the diastereomeric derivatives by conventional means (e.g. HPLC, chromatography over silica) or may be made with achiral starting materials and chiral reagents. All stereoisomers are included within the scope of the invention.

The compounds of the invention may be isolated from their reaction mixtures using conventional techniques.

It will be appreciated that in some of the reactions mentioned herein it may be necessary/desirable to protect any sensitive groups in the compounds. The instances where protection is necessary or desirable and suitable methods for protection are known to those skilled in the art. Conventional protecting groups may be used in accordance with standard practice (for illustration see T. W. Green, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, 1991). Thus, if reactants include groups such as amino, carboxy or hydroxy it may be desirable to protect the group in some of the reactions mentioned herein. Protecting groups may be removed by any convenient method as described in the literature or known to the skilled chemist as appropriate for the removal of the protecting group in question, such methods being chosen so as to effect removal of the protecting group with minimum disturbance of groups elsewhere in the molecule.

Specific examples of protecting groups are given below for the sake of convenience, in which “lower”, as in, for example, lower alkyl, signifies that the group to which it is applied preferably has 1-4 carbon atoms. It will be understood that these examples are not exhaustive. Where specific examples of methods for the removal of protecting groups are given below these are similarly not exhaustive. The use of protecting groups and methods of deprotection not specifically mentioned are, of course, within the scope of the invention.

It will also be appreciated that certain of the various ring substituents in the compounds of the present invention may be introduced by standard aromatic substitution reactions or generated by conventional functional group modifications either prior to or immediately following the processes mentioned above, and as such are included in the process aspect of the invention. Such reactions and modifications include, for example, introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents and oxidation of substituents. The reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art. Particular examples of aromatic substitution reactions include the introduction of a nitro group using concentrated nitric acid, the introduction of an acyl group using, for example, an acyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; the introduction of an alkyl group using an alkyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; and the introduction of a halogeno group. Particular examples of modifications include the reduction of a nitro group to an amino group by for example, catalytic hydrogenation with a nickel catalyst or treatment with iron in the presence of hydrochloric acid with heating; oxidation of alkylthio to alkylsulfinyl or alkylsulfonyl.

It is believed that certain intermediate compounds of the Formulae II, XIV, XVI, XIX, XX and VIc are novel and are herein claimed as another aspect of the present invention.

Biological Assays

The following assays can be used to measure the effects of the compounds of the present invention as Tie2 inhibitors in vitro and as inhibitors of Tie2 autophosphorylation in whole cells.

a. In Vitro Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Assay

To test for inhibition of Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase, compounds are evaluated in a non-cell based protein kinase assay by their ability to inhibit the protein kinase enzyme phosphorylation of a tyrosine containing polypeptide substrate in an ELISA based microtitre plate assay. In this particular case, the assay was to determine the IC₅₀, for three different recombinant human tyrosine kinases Tie2, KDR and Flt.

To facilitate production of the tyrosine kinases, recombinant receptor genes were produced using standard molecular biology cloning and mutagenesis techniques. These recombinant proteins fragments encoded within these genes consist of only the intracellular portion C-terminal portion of the respective receptor, within which is found the kinase domain. The recombinant genes encoding the kinase domain containing fragments were cloned and expressed in standard baculovirus/Sf21 system (or alternative equivalent).

Lysates were prepared from the host insect cells following protein expression by treatment with ice-cold lysis buffer (20 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperizine-N′-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton X-100, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether) N′,N′,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), plus protease inhibitors and then cleared by centrifugation. Tie2, KDR and Flt1 lysates were stored in aliquots at −80° C.

Constitutive kinase activity of these recombinant proteins was determined by their ability to phosphorylate a synthetic peptide (made up of a random co-polymer of Glutamic Acid, Alanine and Tyrosine in the ratio of 6:3:1). Specifically, Nunc Maxisorb™ 96-well immunoplates were coated with 100 microlitres of synthetic peptide Sigma P3899 (1 mg/ml stock solution in PBS diluted 1:500 in PBS prior to plate coating) and incubated at 4° C. overnight. Plates were washed in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at room temperature to remove any excess unbound synthetic peptide.

Tie2, KDR or Flt1 activities were assessed by incubation of the appropriate freshly diluted lysates (1:200, 1:400 and 1:1000 respectively) in peptide coated plates for 60 minutes (Tie2) or 20 minutes for (KDR, Flt) at room temperature in 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) at 5 micromolar (or Km concentration for the respective enzyme, 10 mM MnCl₂, 0.1 mM Na₃VO₄, 0.2 mM DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), 0.1% Triton X-100 together with the test compound(s) in dissolved in DMSO (final concentration of 2.5%) with final compound concentrations ranging from 0.05 micromolar-100 micromolar. Reactions were terminated by the removal of the liquid components of the assay followed by washing of the plates with PBS-T (phosphate buffered saline with 0.5% Tween 20) or an alternative equivalent wash buffer.

The immobilised phospho-peptide product of the reaction was detected by immunological methods. Firstly, plates were incubated for 4 hours at room temperature with murine monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosin-HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase) conjugated antibodies (4G10 from Upstate Biotechnology UBI 16-105). Following extensive washing with PBS-T, HRP activity in each well of the plate was measured calorimetrically using 22′-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (6)] diammonium salt crystals ABTS (Sigma P4922—prepared as per manufactures instructions) as a substrate incubated for 30-45 minutes to allow colour development, before 100 ul of 1M H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction.

Quantification of colour development and thus enzyme activity was achieved by the measurement of absorbance at 405 nm on a Molecular Devices ThermoMax microplate reader. Kinase inhibition for a given compound was expressed as an IC₅₀value. This was determined by calculation of the concentration of compound that was required to give 50% inhibition of phosphorylation in this assay. The range of phosphorylation was calculated from the positive (vehicle plus ATP) and negative (vehicle minus ATP) control values.

b. Cellular Tie2 Autophosphorylation Assay

This assay is based on measuring the ability of compounds to inhibit autophosphorylation of the Tie2 receptor which normally leads to the production of “activated” receptor that in turn initiates the particular signal transduction pathways associated with the receptor function.

Autophosphorylation can be achieved by a number of means. It is known that expression of recombinant kinase domains in baculoviral systems can lead to the production of phosphorylated and activated receptor. It is also reported that over expression of receptors in recombinant cell lines can itself lead to receptor autophosphorylation in the absence of the ligand (Heldin C-H. 1995 Cell: 80, 213-223; Blume-J. P, Hunter T. 2001 Nature: 411, 355-65). Furthermore, there are numerous literature examples in which chimaeric receptors have been constructed. In these cases the natural, external cell surface domain of the receptor has been replaced with that of a domain which is known to be readily dimerised via the addition of the appropriate ligand (e.g. TrkA-Tie2/NGF ligand (Marron, M. B., et al., 2000 Journal of Biological Chemistry: 275:39741-39746) or C-fms-Tie-1/CSF-1 ligand (Kontos, C. D., et al., 2002 Molecular and Cellular Biology: 22, 1704-1713). Thus when the chimaeric receptor expressed in a host cell line and the respective ligand is added, this induces autophosphorylation of the chimeric receptor's kinase domain. This approach has the advantage of often allowing a known (and often easily obtained) ligand to be used instead of having to identify and isolate the natural ligand for each receptor of interest.

Naturally if the ligand is available one can use natural cell lines or primary cells which are known to express the receptor of choice and simply stimulate with ligand to achieve ligand induced phosphorylation. The ability of compounds to inhibit autophosphorylation of the Tie2 receptor, which is expressed for example in EA.hy926/B3 cells (supplied by J. McLean/B. Tuchi, Univ. of N. Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB-4100, 300 Bynum Hall, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27599-41000, USA) or primary HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells—available from various commercial sources), can measured by this assay.

Natural Ang1 ligand can be isolated using standard purification technology from either tumour cell supernatants or alternatively the Ang1 gene can be cloned and expressed recombinantly using stand molecular biology techniques and expression systems. In this case one can either attempt to produce the ligand either in its native state or as recombinant protein which for example may have been genetically engineered to contain additional of purification tags (eg. polyhistidine peptides, antibody Fc domains) to facilitate the process.

Using the ligand stimulation of either EA.hy926/B3 or HUVEC cellular Tie2 receptor as the example, a Ang1 ligand stimulated cellular receptor phosphorylation assay can be constructed which can be used to analyse to determine the potential of compounds to inhibit this process. For example EA.hy926/B3 cells were grown in the appropriate tissue culture media plus 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) for two days in 6 well plates starting with an initial seeding density of 5×10⁵cells/well. On the third day the cells were serum starved for a total of 2 hours by replacing the previous media with media containing only 1% FCS. After 1 hour 40 minutes of serum starvation the media was removed and replace with 1 ml of the test compound dilutions (compound dilutions made in serum starvation media yet keeping the DMSO concentration below 0.8%). After 1.5 hours of serum starvation orthovanidate was added to a final concentration of 0.1 mM for the final 10 minutes of serum starvation.

Following a total of 2 hours of serum starvation, the ligand plus orthovandiate was added to stimulate autophosphorylation of the cellular Tie2 receptor (ligand can be added either as purified material diluted in serum starvation media or non-purified cell supernatant containing ligand e.g. when recombinantly expressed mammalian cells). After 10 minutes incubation at 37° C. with the ligand, the cells were cooled on ice washed with approximately 5 mls with cold PBS containing 1 mM orthovanadate, after which 1 ml of ice cold lysis buffer ((20 mM Tris pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaF, 0.1% SDS, 1% NP40, 0.5% DOC, 1 nM orthovanadate, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM PMSF, 30 μl/ml Aprotinin, 10 μg/ml Pepstatin, 10 μg/ml Leupeptin) was added the cells and left on ice for 10-20 minutes. The lysate was removed and transferred to a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube and centrifuged for 3 minutes at 13000 rpm at 4° C. 800 μl of each lysate was transferred to fresh 2 ml Eppendorf tubes for the immuno-precipitation. 3 mg=15 μl of anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (Santa Cruz PY99-sc-7020) was added to the lysates and left to incubate for 2 hours at 4° C. 600 μl washed MagnaBind beads (goat anti-mouse IgG, Pierce 21354) were added to the lysates and the tubes left to rotate over night at 4° C.

Samples were treated for 1 minute in the magnet before carefully removing the lysis supernatant. 1 ml of lysis buffer was then added to the beads and this step repeated twice more. The beads were suspended in 25 μl of 94° C. hot 2× Laemmli loading buffer plus beta-mercaptoethanol and left to stand for 15 minutes at room temperature.

The beads were removed by exposing the tubes for 1 minutes in the magnet, and the total liquid separated from the beads from each immuno-precipitate loaded onto Polyacrylamide/SDS protein gels (pre-cast 4-12% BisTris NuPAGE/MOPS 12 well gels from Novex). Protein gels were run at 200 V and then blotted onto NC membrane for 1 hours 30 minutes at 50 V/250 mA. All blots were treated with 5% Marvel in PBS-Tween for 1 hour at room temperature to reduce non-specific binding of the detection antibody. A rabbit anti-Tie2 (Santa Cruz sc-324) was added in a 1:500 dilution in 0.5% Marvel/PBS-Tween and left to incubate overnight at 4° C. The blots were rigorously washed with PBS-Tween before adding the goat anti rabbit —POD conjugate (Dako P0448) at a 1:5000 dilution in 0.5% Marvel/PBS-Tween. The antibody was left on for 1 hour at room temperature before subsequently washing the blots with PBS-Tween. The western blots of the various immuno-precipitated samples were developed the blots with LumiGLO (NEB 7003). And transferred to an X-Ray cassette and films exposed for 15 sec/30 sec and 60 sec. The relative strength of the protein band which pertains to the phosphorylated Tie2 receptor was evaluated using a FluorS BioRad image analyser system. The percentage phosphorylation for each test compound dilution series was determined from which IC₅₀values were calculated by standard methods using the appropriate control samples as reference.

Although the pharmacological properties of the compounds of the Formula I vary with structural change as expected, in general activity possessed by compounds of the Formula I, may be demonstrated at the following concentrations or doses in one or more of the above tests (a) and (b):—

1(a):— IC₅₀in the range, for example, <100 μM;

Test (b):— IC₅₀in the range, for example, <50 μM;

By way of example, Table A illustrates the activity of representative compounds according to the invention. Column 2 of Table A shows IC₅₀data from Test (a) for the inhibition of Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro and column 3 shows IC₅₀data from Test (b) for the inhibition of autophosphorylation of Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

TABLE A

IC₅₀(μM)

IC₅₀(μM)
Test (b):

Test (a):
Inhibition of

Inhibition of Tie2
autophosphorylation of

receptor tyrosine
Tie2 receptor tyrosine

Example Number
kinase in vitro
kinase

2
2.6
0.031

3
8.2
0.077

5
4.4
0.020

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the Formula IC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.

The compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).

The compositions of the invention may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more colouring, sweetening, flavouring and/or preservative agents.

The amount of active ingredient that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 0.5 mg to 0.5 g of active agent (more suitably from 0.5 to 100 mg, for example from 1 to 30 mg) compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition.

The size of the dose for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes of a compound of the Formula I will naturally vary according to the nature and severity of the conditions, the age and sex of the animal or patient and the route of administration, according to well known principles of medicine.

In using a compound of the Formula I for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes it will generally be administered so that a daily dose in the range, for example, 0.1 mg/kg to 75 mg/kg body weight is received, given if required in divided doses. In general lower doses will be administered when a parenteral route is employed. Thus, for example, for intravenous administration, a dose in the range, for example, 0.1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg body weight will generally be used. Similarly, for administration by inhalation, a dose in the range, for example, 0.05 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg body weight will be used. Oral administration is however preferred, particularly in tablet form. Typically, unit dosage forms will contain about 0.5 mg to 0.5 g of a compound of this invention.

The compounds according to the present invention as defined herein are of interest for, amongst other things, their antiangiogenic effect. The compounds of the invention are expected to be useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of a wide range of disease states associated with undesirable or pathological angiogenesis, including cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Kaposi's sarcoma, haemangioma, lymphoedema, acute and chronic nephropathies, atheroma, arterial restenosis, autoimmune diseases, acute inflammation, excessive scar formation and adhesions, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and ocular diseases with retinal vessel proliferation. Cancer may affect any tissue and includes leukaemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. In particular such compounds of the invention are expected to slow advantageously the growth of primary and recurrent solid tumours of, for example, the colon, breast, prostate, lungs and skin.

We believe that the antiangiogenic properties of the compounds according to the present invention arise from their Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention are expected be useful to produce a Tie2 inhibitory effect in a warm-blooded animal in need of such treatment. Thus the compounds of the present invention may be used to produce an antiangiogenic effect mediated alone or in part by the inhibition of Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase.

More particularly the compounds of the invention are expected to inhibit any form of cancer associated with Tie2. For example, the growth of those primary and recurrent solid tumours which are associated with Tie2, especially those tumours which are significantly dependent on Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase for their growth and spread.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the Formula IC, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use as a medicament.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a compound of the formula I, (such as a compound of formula IC) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a cancer selected from leukaemia, breast, lung, colon, rectal, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas, ovarian, lymphoma, testicular, neuroblastoma, hepatic, bile duct, renal cell, uterine, thyroid and skin cancer in a warm-blooded animal such as man.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of inhibiting Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the formula I, (such as a compound of formula IC) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing an anti-angiogenic effect in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the formula I, (such as a compound of formula IC) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating cancers in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the formula I (such as a compound of formula IC), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating a cancer selected from leukaemia, breast, lung, colon, rectal, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas, ovarian, lymphoma, testicular, neuroblastoma, hepatic, bile duct, renal cell, uterine, thyroid or skin cancer, in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the formula I (such as a compound of formula IC), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore.

According to an another aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula I (such as a compound of formula IC), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use in producing an anti-angiogenic effect in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula I (such as a compound of formula IC), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use in the treatment of a cancer selected from leukaemia, breast, lung, colon, rectal, stomach, prostate, bladder, pancreas, ovarian, lymphoma, testicular, neuroblastoma, hepatic, bile duct, renal cell, uterine, thyroid or skin cancer.

As hereinbefore mentioned it is further expected that a compound of the present invention will possess activity against other diseases mediated by undesirable or pathological angiogenesis including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Kaposi's sarcoma, haemangioma, lymphoedema, acute and chronic nephropathies, atheroma, arterial restenosis, autoimmune diseases, acute inflammation, excessive scar formation and adhesions, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and ocular diseases with retinal vessel proliferation.

The anti-angiogenic activity defined herein may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to a compound of the invention, one or more other substances and/or treatments. Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment. In the field of medical oncology it is normal practice to use a combination of different forms of treatment to treat each patient with cancer. In medical oncology the other component(s) of such conjoint treatment in addition to the cell cycle inhibitory treatment defined hereinbefore may be: surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Such chemotherapy may include one or more of the following categories of anti-tumour agents:

(i) anti-invasion agents (for example metalloproteinase inhibitors like marimastat and inhibitors of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor function);

(ii) antiproliferative/antineoplastic drugs and combinations thereof, as used in medical oncology, such as alkylating agents (for example cis-platin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan and nitrosoureas); antimetabolites (for example antifolates such as fluoropyrimidines like 5-fluorouracil and tegafur, raltitrexed, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, one of the preferred antimetabolites disclosed in European Patent Application No. 562734 such as (2S)-2-{o-fluoro-p-[N-{2,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-ylmethyl)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)amino]benzamido}-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)butyric acid); antitumour antibiotics (for example anthracyclines like adriamycin, bleomycin, doxorubicin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin-C, dactinomycin and mithramycin); antimitotic agents (for example vinca alkaloids like vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine and vinorelbine and taxoids like taxol and taxotere); and topoisomerase inhibitors (for example epipodophyllotoxins like etoposide and teniposide, amsacrine, topotecan and camptothecin);

(iii) cytostatic agents such as antioestrogens (for example tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene, droloxifene and iodoxyfene), antiandrogens (for example bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide and cyproterone acetate), LHRH antagonists or LHRH agonists (for example goserelin, leuprorelin and buserelin), progestogens (for example megestrol acetate), aromatase inhibitors (for example as anastrozole, letrazole, vorazole and exemestane) and inhibitors of 5α-reductase such as finasteride;

(iv) inhibitors of growth factor function, for example such inhibitors include growth factor antibodies, growth factor receptor antibodies, farnesyl transferase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, for example inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor family (for example the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (ZD1839), N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (CP 358774) and 6-acrylamido-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (CI 1033)), for example inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor family and for example inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor family;

(v) antiangiogenic agents that work by different mechanisms to those defined hereinbefore, such as those which inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor such as the compounds disclosed in International Patent Applications WO 97/22596, WO 97/30035, WO 97/32856 and WO 98/13354 and those that work by other mechanisms (for example linomide, inhibitors of integrin αvβ3 function and angiostatin);

(vi) biotherapeutic therapeutic approaches for example those which use peptides or proteins (such as antibodies or soluble external receptor domain constructions) which either sequest receptor ligands, block ligand binding to receptor or decrease receptor signalling (e.g. due to enhanced receptor degradation or lowered expression levels)

(vii) antisense therapies, for example those which are directed to the targets listed above, such as ISIS 2503, an anti-ras antisense;

(viii) gene therapy approaches, including for example approaches to replace aberrant genes such as aberrant p53 or aberrant BRCA1 or BRCA2, GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy) approaches such as those using cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase or a bacterial nitroreductase enzyme and approaches to increase patient tolerance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy such as multi-drug resistance gene therapy; and

(ix) immunotherapy approaches, including for example ex-vivo and in-vivo approaches to increase the immunogenicity of patient tumour cells, such as transfection with cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, approaches to decrease T-cell anergy, approaches using transfected immune cells such as cytokine-transfected dendritic cells, approaches using cytokine-transfected tumour cell lines and approaches using anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate dosing of the individual components of the treatment. Such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described hereinbefore and the other pharmaceutically-active agent within its approved dosage range.

According to this aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical product comprising a compound of the Formula I as defined hereinbefore and an additional anti-tumour substance as defined hereinbefore for the conjoint treatment of cancer.

In addition to their use in therapeutic medicine, the compounds of Formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are also useful as pharmacological tools in the development and standardisation of in vitro and in vivo test systems for the evaluation of the effects of inhibitors of cell cycle activity in laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutic agents. The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which, unless stated otherwise:

(i) temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (° C.); operations were carried out at room or ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25° C.;

(ii) organic solutions were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate; evaporation of solvent was carried out using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (600-4000 Pascals; 4.5-30 mmHg) with a bath temperature of up to 60° C.;

(iii) chromatography means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel plates;

(iv) in general, the course of reactions was followed by TLC and/or analytical LC-MS, and reaction times are given for illustration only;

(v) final products had satisfactory proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and/or mass spectral data;

(vi) yields are given for illustration only and are not necessarily those which can be obtained by diligent process development; preparations were repeated if more material was required;

(vii) when given, NMR data is in the form of delta values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, determined at 300 MHz using perdeuterio dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO-d₆) as solvent unless otherwise indicated; the following abbreviations have been used: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet; b, broad;

(viii) chemical symbols have their usual meanings; SI units and symbols are used;

(ix) solvent ratios are given in volume:volume (v/v) terms; and

(x) mass spectra (MS) were run with an electron energy of 70 electron volts in the chemical ionization (CI) mode using a direct exposure probe; where indicated ionization was effected by electron impact (EI), fast atom bombardment (FAB) or electrospray (ESP); values for m/z are given; generally, only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported; and unless otherwise stated, the mass ion quoted is MH⁺;

(xi) unless stated otherwise compounds containing an asymmetrically substituted carbon and/or sulphur atom have not been resolved;

(xii) where a synthesis is described as being analogous to that described in a previous example the amounts used are the millimolar ratio equivalents to those used in the previous example;

(xvi) the following abbreviations have been used:

- AcOH Acetic acid
- AIBN 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile
- DCM Dichloromethane
- DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine
- DMA N,N-Dimethylacetamide
- DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide
- DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
- DMTMM 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholin-4-ium chloride
- dppf 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
- EtOAc Ethylacetate
- HATU O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- ⁱPrMgCl Isopropylmagnesium chloride
- LDA Lithium diisopropylamide
- LHMDS Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide
- m-CPBA meta-Chloroperbenzoic acid
- MeOH Methanol
- MeCN Acetonitrile
- MCX Mixed cation exchange resin
- MTBE Methyl tert-butyl ether
- LCMS Liquid Chromatograpy-Mass Spectrometry
- NMP 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
- POCl₃Phosphorus oxychloride
- RPHPLC Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
- TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
- THF Tetrahydrofuran
  
  xvii) where a synthesis is described as leading to an acid addition salt (e.g. HCl salt), no comment is made on the stoichiometry of this salt. Unless otherwise stated, all NMR data is reported on free-base material, with isolated salts converted to the free-base form prior to characterisation.

EXAMPLE 1
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-[3-(pyrimidin-5-ylethynyl)phenyl]urea

Phenyl (5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)carbamate (Intermediate 2) (160 mg) was added to a stirred solution of [3-(pyrimidin-5-ylethynyl)phenyl]amine (Intermediate 1) (100 mg) and triethylamine (0.086 mL) in THF (10 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 75° C. for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue triturated with ether (20 mL) and the resultant solid was purified by flash chromatography on silica using 0-10% MeOH in DCM as eluent. The resultant product was triturated with ether (20 mL) to give the title compound as a colourless solid (120 mg, 65%);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 1.29 (s, 9H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 9.02 (s, 2H), 9.19 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H)

MS m/e (M+H)⁺362.

Intermediate 1
3-(pyrimidin-5-ylethynyl)phenyl]amine

Palladium (10 wt. % on activated carbon) (0.2 g) was added to a stirred solution of 5-bromo-pyrimidine (2.0 g) and 3-ethynylaniline (1.47 g) in DIPEA (50 mL) under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with DCM. The filtrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica using 0-50% EtOAc in DCM as eluent to give the title compound as a beige solid (0.7 g, 28%);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 5.29 (s, 2H), 6.64 (m, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 6.74-6.79 (m, 1H), 7.08 (t, 1H), 8.96 (s, 2H), 9.16 (s, 1H)

MS m/e (M+CH₃CN)⁺237.

Intermediate 2
Phenyl (5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)carbamate

Phenyl chloroformate (52 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 3-amino-5-tert-butylisoxazole (52.3 g) in THF (1.0 L) and pyridine (60 mL) at 0° C. When the addition was complete water (500 mL) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 45 mins while warming to ambient temperature, before extracting into ether (3×300 ml). The combined organics were washed with water, brine and concentrated in vacuo, azeotroping with toluene and chloroform to give the title compound as a colourless solid (96.3 g, 99%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 1.28 (s, 9H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.45 (m, 2H), 11.13 (bs, 1H);

MS m/e MH⁺261.

EXAMPLE 2
N-{3-[(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}-N′-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea

2-Amino-5-iodopyridine (220 mg) and N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-(3-ethynylphenyl)urea (Intermediate 3) (283 mg) were dissolved in DMF (8 mL) and triethylamine (2 mL) and degassed with nitrogen for 15 min. Palladium(II)(dppf)chloride (37 mg) and CuI (4 mg) were added and the mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 hr. After precipitation into water, the crude product was collected by filtration, washed with water and the solid dried in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography using 0-50% EtOAc in DCM as eluent gave the title compound as a colourless solid (134 mg).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.5 (m, 1H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H) 6.4 (s, 2H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺376.

Intermediate 3
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-(3-ethynylphenyl)urea

A solution of 5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-amine (1.4 g) and di-succinimidyl carbonate (2.56 g) in MeCN (30 mL) was heated to 80° C. for 4 hours. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature, 3-ethynylaniline (1.17 g) added and the mixture heated for a further 16 hours at 80° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ether and water, the organic phase washed with water and then concentrated in vacuo. Trituration from iso-hexane gave the title compound as a colourless solid (1.57 g);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.29 (t, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.14 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H);

MS m/e MH⁺284.

The following Examples were prepared in a similar way to Example 2

EXAMPLE 3
N-2{3-[(2-aminopyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}-N′-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea

SM: Intermediate 3, 2-amino-3-iodopyridine

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.6 (m, 1H), 7.2-7.4 (m, 4H), 6.6 (s, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 6.3 (s, 2H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺376.

EXAMPLE 4
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-[3-(1H-pyrazol-4-ylethynyl)phenyl]urea

SM: Intermediate 3, 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 13.1 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 7.9 (s, 2H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.1 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺350.

EXAMPLE 5
N-{3-[(5-aminopyrazin-2-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}-N′-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea

SM: Intermediate 3, 5-bromopyrazine-2-amine

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.9 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 6.9 (s, 2H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS n/e MH⁺377.

EXAMPLE 6
N-(5-{[3-({[(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]ethynyl}-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)acetamide

SM: Intermediate 3, 1-(5-bromo-1,3-thiazol-yl)ethanone

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 12.4 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.9 (s, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺424.

EXAMPLE 7
N-{3-[(6-aminopyridazin-3-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}-N′-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea

SM: Intermediate 3, 6-bromopyridazine-3-amine

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.9 (s, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.4 (m, 4H), 7.2 (m, 1H), 6.8 (s, 2H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺377.

EXAMPLE 8
N-(5-{[3-({[(5-tert-buylisoxazol-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]ethynyl}pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

A solution of N-{3-[(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}-N′-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea (Example 2) (420 mg) in DMF (4 mL), triethylamine (1 mL), glacial AcOH (0.11 mL) and POCl₃(0.19 mL) was heated at 65° C. for 16 hr. After precipitation with water, the crude product was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography, using 0-100% EtOAc in DCM afforded the title compound as a colourless solid (30 mg).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 10.68 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.9 (s, 1H), 8.5 (s, 1H), 8.1 (m, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.2 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 2.1 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺418.

The following Examples were prepared in a similar way to example 8

EXAMPLE 9
N-(5-{[3-({[(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]ethynyl}pyridin-2-yl)-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetamide

SM: Example 2, 2-methoxyethoxyacetic acid

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 10.13 (s, 1H), 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.9 (s, 1H), 8.5 (s, 1H), 8.15 (m, 1H), 8.0 (m, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.2 (M, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H) 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.7 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.3 (s, 3H obscured by H₂O), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺492.

EXAMPLE 10
N-(5-{[3-({[(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]ethynyl}pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide

SM: Example 5, acetic acid (reaction temperature increased to 90° C.)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 10.98 (s, 1H), 9.6 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

MS m/e MH⁺419.

EXAMPLE 11
N-(5-{[3-({[(5-tert butylisoxazol-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)phenyl]ethynyl}pyrazin-2-yl)-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetamide

SM: Example 5, 2-methoxyethoxyacetic acid

¹H NMR (DMSOd₆) 10.55 (s, 1H), 9.6 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 4.2 (s, 2H), 3.7 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.3 (s, 3H obscured by H₂O), 1.28 (s, 9H). MS m/e MH⁺493.

EXAMPLE 12
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-{3-[(4-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}urea

A solution of N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-{3-[(4-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}urea (Intermediate 4) (200 mg) in 7N NH₃in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 days. The solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ether, filtered, and then purified by RPHPLC (H₂O:MeCN, 10-90%) to give the title compound as a colourless solid (27 mg);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 1.29 (s, 9H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.33-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H);

MS m/e MH⁺392.

Intermediate 4
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-{3-[(4-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}urea

Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride (170 mg), CuI (12.5 mg) and triethylamine (10 mL) were added to a degassed solution of 4-chloro-5-iodopyrimidine (Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1986, 34(7), 2719-2724) (2.40 g) and N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-(3-ethynylphenyl)urea (Intermediate 3) (3.1 g) in DMF (50 mL) and then heated at 50° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, water added and then extracted into DCM. The organic layer was washed with water then brine and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a brown foam (4.50 g) which was used without further purification.

MS m/e MH⁺396 (³⁵Cl), 398 (³⁷Cl).

EXAMPLE 13
N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N′-{3-[(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}urea

A solution of N-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-N-{3-[(4-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl]phenyl}urea (Intermediate 4) (600 mg) and 2M HCl (5 ml) in THF (10 ml) was heated at 50° C. for 10 hours and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM, washed with 50% saturated aqueous NaHCO₃and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica using 0-10% ((10% 7N NH3 in MeOH) in MeOH) in DCM as eluent and then purified by RPHPLC (H₂O:MeCN, 10-90%) to give the title compound as a colourless solid (62 mg);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 1.30 (s, 9H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 9.59 (s, 1H);

MS m/e MH⁺378.

Compounds Having Tie2 (Tek) Activity

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