Patent Application
20080306107
The present invention relates to new compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and to the use of said compounds in therapy. The present invention further relates to processes for the preparation of said compounds and to new intermediates used in the preparation thereof.
Pain sensation in mammals is due to the activation of the peripheral terminals of a specialized population of sensory neurons known as nociceptors. Capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot peppers, produces sustained activation of nociceptors and also produces a dose-dependent pain sensation in humans. Cloning of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1 or TRPV1) demonstrated that VR1 is the molecular target for capsaicin and its analogues. (Caterina, M. J., et al., et. al. Nature (1997) v. 389 p 816-824). Functional studies using VR1 indicate that it is also activated by noxious heat, tissue acidification) and other inflammatory mediators (Tominaga, M., et. al. Neuron (1998) v. 21, p. 531-543). Expression of VR1 is also regulated after peripheral nerve damage of the type that leads to neuropathic pain. These properties of VR1 make it a highly relevant target for pain and for diseases involving inflammation. While agonists of the VR1 receptor can act as analgesics through nociceptor destruction, the use of agonists, such as capsaicin and its analogues, is limited due to their pungency, neurotoxicity and induction of hypothermia. Instead, agents that block the activity of VR1 should prove more useful. Antagonists would maintain the analgesic properties, but avoid pungency and neurotoxicity side effects.
Compounds with VR1 inhibitor activity are believed to be of potential use for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of disorders such as pain, especially that of inflammatory or traumatic origin such as arthritis, ischaemia, fibromyalgia, low back pain and post-operative pain (Walker et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther. (2003) January; 304(1):56-62). In addition to this visceral pains such as chronic pelvic pain, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pancreatitis and the like, as well as neuropathic pain such as sciatia, diabetic neuropathy, HIV neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, and the like (Walker et al ibid, J Pharmacol Exp Ther. (2003) March; 304(3):940-8), are potential pain states that could be treated with VR1 inhibition. These compounds are also believed to be potentially useful for inflammatory disorders like asthma, cough, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Hwang, et al., Curr Opin Pharmacol (2002) June; 2(3):235-42). Compounds with VR1 blocker activity are also useful for itch and skin diseases like psoriasis and for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), emesis, urinary incontinence and hyperactive bladder (Yiangou et al BJU Int (2001) June; 87(9):774-9, Szallasi, Am J Clin Pathol (2002) 118: 110-21). VR1 inhibitors are also of potential use for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the effects of exposure to VR1 activators like capsaicin or tear gas, acids or heat (Szallasi ibid).
The role for VR1 antagonists in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is further supported by the finding that primary sensory neuron denervation by subcutaneous administration of capsaicin to neonatal rats, resulted in decreased levels of disease activity index (DAI), MPO and histological damage to the gut in DSS colitis model compared to control (N Kihara, et al., Gut, 2003. 52: p: 713-719). TRPV1 antagonists attenuate macroscopic symptoms in DSS colitis model in mice (E. S. KIMBALL, et al., Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2004. 16: p. 1-8).
The potential for a role for VR1 antagonists in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has been described. Patients with faecal urgency and rectal hypersensitivity have increased levels of TRPV1 expression in nerve fibres in muscle, submucosal and mucosal layers. This also correlates with increase sensitivity to heat and distension (C L H Chan, et al., THE LANCET, 2003. 361 (February 1): p. 385-91). Jejunal wide dynamic range (WDR) afferents show lower firing in response to pressure ex vivo in TRPV1−/− mice (Rong W, H. K., et al., J Physiol (Lond). 2004. 560: p. 867-881). The visceromotor responses to jejunal and colorectal distension in rat are affected by a TRPV1 antagonist using both ramp and phasic distensions (Winchester, EMG response to jejunal and colorectal distension in rat are affected by a TRPV1 antagonist in both ramp and phasic distensions. DDW abstract, 2004). Capsaicin applied to the ileum induce pain and mechanical hyperalgesia in human experimental model (Asbjφorn Mohr Drewes, et al., Pain, 2003. 104: p. 333-341).
A role in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) for VR1 antagonists has been mentioned in the literature. Patients with oesophagitis have increased levels of TRPV1 expression in peripheral nerves enervating the oesophageal epithelium (P. J. Matthews, et al., European J. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2004. 16: p. 897-902). Even if the TRPV1 antagonist JYL1421 only has minor effects of acid-induced excitation of esophageal afferents, an antagonist with a different profile has yet to be evaluated. Since TRPV1 appears to play a role in mechanosensation, it is possible that antagonists may inhibit TLESRs, the main cause of gastroesophageal reflux.
A further potential use relates to the treatment of tolerance to VR1 activators.
VR1 inhibitors may also be useful in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and pain related to interstitial cystitis.
Guerrera, et al., describe the synthesis and antifungal activity of pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazine derivatives. (Farmaco (1993), 48(12), 1725-33).
Dunn, A., et al., disclose a nucleophilic displacements in pyridine rings. (J. of Heterocyclic Chemistry (1987), 24(1), 85-9)
Tornetta, B., et al., disclose the synthesis and spectral behavior of pyridothienoisothiazole and pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives. (Gazzetta Chimica Italiana (1978), 108 (1-2), 57-62)
Guerrera, F.; et al., further discloses the synthesis of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives, pyridothienopyrimidine and pyridothienoisothiazole derivatives. (Chimica e l'Industria (Milan, Italy), (1976), 58(6), 451-2.)
Schneller, S., et al., describe fused thieno[3,2-d]-v-triazine-4 (3H)-ones in Heterocycles (1975), 3(2), 135-8.
The object of the present invention is to provide compounds) exhibiting an inhibitory activity at the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1).
The present invention provides a compound of formula I
wherein:
R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, NO2, NH2, halo, N(C1-3alkyl)2, C1-3alkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C1-3haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkylO, hydroxyC1-3alkyl, C1-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, C1-3alkylSC0-3alkyl and C1-3alkylNC0-3alkyl;
R3 is C1-3alkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C1-3haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkylO, hydroxyC1-3alkyl, C1-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, C1-3alkylSC0-3alkyl or C1-3alkylNC0-3alkyl;
R9 is H, C1-6alkyl, R6OC0-6alkyl, or C5-10arylC0-6alkyl;
X is bond, CR6R7, NR6R7 or O;
p is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
R4 is bond, H, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6haloalkylO, C5-10arylC0-6alkyl, C5-10heteroarylC0-6alkyl, C3-15cycloalkylC0-6alkyl, C3-15heterocycloalkylC0-6alkyl, R6OC0-6alkyl, R6SC0-6alkyl or R6NC0-6alkyl, COOR6, R6COR7, R6CO2, R6CONR7R8, R6NR7COC0-6alkyl, R6SO2R7 or R6SOR7R8;
R5 is H; OH, oxy, NO2, NH2, halo, N(C1-3alkyl)2, C1-3alkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C1-3haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkylO, hydroxyC1-3alkyl, R6OC0-6alkyl, R6SC0-6alkyl, R6NC0-6alkyl, C5-10-arylOC0-6alkyl, C5-10 heteroarylOC0-6alkyl, C3-10-cycloalkylOC0-6alkyl, R6COO, R6COR7, R6CO2, R6CONR7R8, R6NR7COC0-6alkyl or R6SO2R7 or R6SOR7R8;
R6, R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C5-10arylC0-6alkyl;
or X and R6 form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring; and
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7;
or salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof.
In one embodiment of the invention R1 is C1-2alkyl. In another embodiment R1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.
In a further embodiment R2 is C1-2haloalkyl, whereby halo is fluoro or bromo. In one embodiment R2 is fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl or difluoroethyl. In yet another embodiment R2 is trifluoromethyl.
In one embodiment Y is NH2 or NH(R3), wherein R3 is C1-3alkyl. In another embodiment Y is NH2.
In yet another embodiment R9 is H or C1-6alkyl. In yet a further embodiment R9 is H. In one embodiment R9 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.
In a further embodiment of the invention X is a bond. In another embodiment X is CR6R7, whereby R6 and R7 may the same or different and selected from H, C1-3alkyl and C5-10arylC0-3alkyl. In one embodiment X is NR6R7 and O. In another embodiment X is methyl. In yet another embodiment R6 and X form together phenyl.
In one embodiment R4 is C5-10arkylC0-6alkyl or C1-6alkyl. In a further embodiment R4 is C5-6aryl.
In yet a further embodiment R4 is phenyl.
In one embodiment R5 is H, halo, C1-3alkyl, C1-3haloalkyl or R6OC0-6alkyl.
In another embodiment R5 is H, chloro or fluoro.
In a further embodiment R5 is C1-3alkyl. In yet another embodiment R5 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.
In yet a further embodiment R5 is C1-2haloalkyl, whereby halo is fluoro or bromo.
In one embodiment R5 is fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl or difluoroethyl. In yet another embodiment R5 is trifluoromethyl.
In another embodiment R5 is R6OC0-6alkyl, whereby R6 is C1-3alkyl. In a further embodiment R6 is methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy.
In one embodiment p is 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that the compound is not 3-amino-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid benzylamide.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the compound selected from the group consisting of
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the compound selected from the group consisting of
A yet further embodiment of the invention relates to the compound selected from the group consisting of
Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to the compounds selected from the group consisting of
For the avoidance of doubt it is to be understood that in this specification ‘C1-6’ means a carbon group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “alkyl” includes both straight and branched chain alkyl groups and may be, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl, t-pentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl or i-hexyl, t-hexyl. The term C1-3 alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl or tert-butyl.
The term ‘C0’ means a bond or does not excist. For example when R1 is C0alkyl, R1 is a bond and “arylC0alkyl” is equivalent with “aryl”, “C2alkylOC0alkyl” is equivalent with “C2alkylO”.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “alkenyl” includes both straight and branched chain alkenyl groups. The term “C2-6alkenyl” having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds, may be, but is not limited to vinyl, allyl, propenyl, butenyl, crotyl, pentenyl, or hexenyl, and a butenyl group may for example be buten-2-yl, buten-3-yl or buten-4-yl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “alkynyl” includes both straight and branched chain alkynyl groups. The term “C2-6alkynyl” having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds, may be, but is not limited to etynyl, propargyl, pentynyl or hexynyl and a butynyl group may for example be butyn-3-yl or butyn-4-yl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to an optionally substituted, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon ring system. The term “C3-7cycloalkyl” may be cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a 3- to 7-membered, non-aromatic, partially or completely saturated hydrocarbon group, which contains one ring and at least one heteroatom. Examples of said heterocycle include, but are not limited to pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolyl, 2-oxazolidonyl or tetrahydrofuranyl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “aryl” refers to an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon unsaturated aromatic ring system. Examples of “aryl” may be, but are not limited to phenyl and naphthyl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “heteroaryl” refers to an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic unsaturated aromatic ring system containing at least one heteroatom selected independently form N, O or S. Examples of “heteroaryl” may be, but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl or oxazolyl.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the terms “arylalkyl” and “heteroarylalkyl” refer to a substituent that is attached via the alkyl group to an aryl or heteroaryl group.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring” includes aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl as defined above.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the terms “halo” and “halogen” may be fluoro, iodo, chloro or bromo.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “haloalkyl” means an alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with halo as defined above. The term “C1-6haloalkyl” may include, but is not limited to fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl, difluoroethyl or bromopropyl. The term “C1-6haloalkylO” may include, but is not limited to fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, fluoroethoxy or difluoroethoxy.
The present invention relates to the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined as well as to the salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof. Salts for use in pharmaceutical formulations will be pharmaceutically acceptable salts, but other salts may be useful in the production of the compounds of formula I.
A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compounds of the invention is, for example, an acid-addition salt, for example a salt with an inorganic or organic acid. In addition, a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compounds of the invention is an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt or a salt with an organic base.
Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts and methods of preparing these salts may be found in, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (18th Edition, Mack Publishing Co.).
Some compounds of formula I may have chiral centres and/or geometric isomeric centres (E- and Z-isomers), and it is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such optical, diastereoisomeric and geometric isomers.
The invention also relates to any and all tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula I.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the compounds according to the present invention are useful in therapy. The compounds of formula I, or salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof, as well as their corresponding active metabolites, exhibit a high degree of potency and selectivity for individual vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) groups. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention are expected to be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with excitatory activation of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1).
The compounds may be used to produce an inhibitory effect of VR1 in mammals, including man.
VR1 are highly expressed the peripheral nervous system and in other tissues. Thus, it is expected that the compounds of the invention are well suited for the treatment of VR1 mediated disorders.
The compounds of formula I are expected to be suitable for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, acute and chronic neuropathic pain and acute and chronic inflammatory pain. Examples of such disorder may be selected from the group comprising arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis and gout, fibromyalgia, low back pain and sciatica, post-operative pain, cancer pain, migraine and tension headache, visceral pains like chronic pelvic pain, cystitis, including interstitial cystitis, pancreatitis, renal and biliary colic, menstruation associated pain, pain related to ischeamic and angina, neuropathic pain disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, HIV neuropathy, chemotherapy induced neuropathies, post-herpetic neuralgia, post traumatic neuralgia and complex regional syndrome as well as itch.
Further relevant disorders may be selected from the group comprising gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and functional dyspepsia (FD).
Further examples of disorders are overactive bladder (“OAB”), a term for a syndrome that encompasses urge incontinence, urgency and frequency. Compounds of the invention may alleviate urinary incontinence (“UI”) the involuntary loss of urine that results from an inability of the bladder to retain urine as a consequence of either urge (urge incontinence), or physical or mental stress (stress incontinence).
Other relevant disorders may be psoriasis, and emesis.
Yet further relevant disorders are related to respiratory diseases and may be selected from the group comprising cough, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and emphysema, lung fibrosis and interstitial lung disease.
The VR1 inhibitor(s) for respiratory use, may be administrated by either an oral or inhaled route. The respiratory disease may be an acute and chronic illness and may be related to infection(s) and/or exposure to environmental pollution and/or irritants.
The compounds of formula I may also be used as antitoxin to treat (over-) exposure to VR1 activators like capsaicin, tear gas, acids or heat. Regarding heat, there is a potential use for VR1 antagonists in (sun-)burn induced pain, or inflammatory pain resulting from burn injuries.
The compounds may further be used for treatment of tolerance to VR1 activators.
One embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, in therapy.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of VR1 mediated disorders.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of acute and chronic pain.
Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of acute and chronic neuropathic pain.
Yet a further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory pain.
One embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis and gout, fibromyalgia, low back pain and sciatica, post-operative pain, cancer pain, migraine and tension headache, visceral pains like chronic pelvic pain, cystitis, including interstitial cystitis, pancreatitis, renal and biliary colic, menstruation associated pain, pain related to ischeamic and angina, neuropathic pain disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, HIV neuropathy, chemotherapy induced neuropathies, post-herpetic neuralgia, post traumatic neuralgia and complex regional syndrome as well as itch.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for treatment of overactive bladder.
Yet a further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for the treatment of respiratory diseases selected from the group comprising of cough, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and emphysema, lung fibrosis and interstitial lung disease.
One embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined, in the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of VR1 mediated disorders and for treatment of acute and chronic pain, acute and chronic neuropathic pain and acute and chronic inflammatory pain, and respiratory diseases, and any other disorder mentioned above.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to a method of treatment of VR1 mediated disorders and acute and chronic pain, acute and chronic neuropathic pain and acute and chronic inflammatory pain, and respiratory diseases, and any other disorder mentioned above, comprising administering to a mammal, including man in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of formula I, as hereinbefore defined.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined, for use in treatment of VR1 mediated disorders and for treatment of acute and chronic pain, acute and chronic neuropathic pain and acute and chronic inflammatory pain, and respiratory diseases, and any other disorder mentioned above.
In the context of the present specification, the term “therapy” and “treatment” includes prevention and prophylaxis, unless there are specific indications to the contrary. The terms “treat”, “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be construed accordingly.
In this specification, unless stated otherwise, the term “inhibitor” and “antagonist” mean a compound that by any means, partly or completely, blocks the transduction pathway leading to the production of a response by the ligand.
The term “disorder”, unless stated otherwise, means any condition and disease associated with vanilloid receptor activity.
In addition to their use in therapeutic medicine, the compounds of the invention, or salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof, are also useful as pharmacological tools in the development and standardisation of in vitro and in vivo test systems for the evaluation of the effects of inhibitors of VR1 related activity in laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutics agents.
According to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula I, or salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof, in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, excipients and/or inert carriers.
The composition may be in a form suitable for oral administration, for example as a tablet, pill, syrup, powder, granule or capsule, for parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion) as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration e.g. as an ointment, patch or cream or for rectal administration e.g. as a suppository.
In general the above compositions may be prepared in a conventional manner using one or more conventional excipients, pharmaceutical acceptable diluents and/or inert carriers. Suitable daily doses of the compounds of formula I in the treatment of a mammal, including man, are approximately 0.01 to 250 mg/kg bodyweight at peroral administration and about 0.001 to 250 mg/kg bodyweight at parenteral administration.
The typical daily dose of the active ingredient varies within a wide range and will depend on various factors such as the relevant indication, severity of the illness being treated, the route of administration, the age, weight and sex of the patient and the particular compound being used, and may be determined by a physician.
The following illustrate representative pharmaceutical dosage forms containing a compound of formula I, or salts, solvates or solvated salts thereof, (hereafter compound X) for preventive or therapeutic use in mammals:
The above compositions may be obtained by conventional procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art.
Throughout the following description of such processes it is to be understood that, where appropriate, suitable protecting groups will be added to, and subsequently removed from, the various reactants and intermediates in a manner that will be readily understood by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Conventional procedures for using such protecting groups as well as examples of suitable protecting groups are described, for example, in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, T. W. Green, P. G. M. Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, New York, (1999). References and descriptions of other suitable reactions are described in textbooks of organic chemistry, for example, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, March, 4th ed. McGraw Hill (1992) or, “Organic Synthesis”, Smith, McGraw Hill, (1994). For representative examples of heterocyclic chemistry see for example “Heterocyclic Chemistry”, J. A. Joule, K. Mills, G. F. Smith, 3rd ed. Chapman and Hall (1995), p. 189-224 and “Heterocyclic Chemistry”, T. L. Gilchrist, 2nd ed. Longman Scientific and Technical (1992), p. 248-282.
The term “room temperature” and “ambient temperature” shall mean, unless otherwise specified, a temperature between 16 and 25° C.
One embodiment of the invention relates to processes for the preparation of the compound of formula I according to scheme 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; wherein R1 to R9, X, n and p are as defined above;
One embodiment of the invention relates to the compounds
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following Examples in which, generally:
(i) operations were carried out at ambient or room temperature, i.e. in the range 17 to 25° C. and under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon unless otherwise stated;
(ii) evaporations were carried out by rotary evaporation in vacuo and work-up procedures were carried out after removal of residual solids by filtration;
(iii) column chromatography (by the flash procedure) was performed on Silicycle silica gel (grade 230-400 mesh, 60 Å, cat. Numb. R10030B) or obtained from Silicycle, Quebec, Canada or high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on C18 reverse phase silica, for example on a Phenomenex, Luna C-18 100 Å preparative reversed-phase column;
(iv) The 1H NMR spectra were recorded on Brucker at 400 MHz. The mass spectra were recorded utilising electrospray (LC-MS; LC:Waters 2790, column XTerra MS C8 2.5 μm 2.1×30 mm, buffer gradient H2O+0.1% TFA:CH3CN+0.04% TFA, MS: micromass ZMD//ammonium acetate buffer) ionisation techniques;
(v) yields, where present, are not necessarily the maximum attainable;
(vi) intermediates were not necessarily fully purified but their structures and purity were assessed by thin layer chromatographic, HPLC and/or NMR analysis
(vii) the following abbreviations have been used:—
The amine (1 equiv.) was added to a solution of the 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1 equiv.), HATU (1.1 equiv.) and DIPEA (1.5 equiv.) in DMF (10 mL/mmol of carboxylic acid). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature and was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in CH2Cl2 and saturated NaHCO3(aq), and the resulting mixture was loaded onto an Extube® Chem Elut column (Varian). The compound was eluted with four column volumes of CH2Cl2. The eluant was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography or reverse phase HPLC to provide the title compound.
Stock solutions of the 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acids (0.625 M), amines (0.25 M), HATU (0.55 M), and DIPEA (0.75 M) in DMF were prepared. The solutions of the carboxylic acids were dispensed into 96-well plates (200 μL/well), followed by HATU (250 μL/well), DIPEA (250 μL/well) and the amines (500 μL/well). The 96-well plates were agitated for 2 days, and were then concentrated in vacuo. The residues were redissolved in CH2Cl2 and 5% NaOH(aq), mixed, and then filtered through a Unifilter® plate containing Hydromatrix.® The wells were rinsed with additional CH2Cl2, and the combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo. The products were purified by reverse phase HPLC to provide the title compounds. Compounds prepared by this route are listed in Table 1.
A mixture of 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (8.159 g, 52.9 mmol), 2-cyano-ethanethioamide (5.302 g, 52.9 mmol) and triethylamine (0.27 mL, 1.9 mmol) was heated in refluxing ethanol (42 mL) for 20 minutes. The reaction was allowed to cool, and the resulting orange solid was transferred to a round bottomed flask using methanol and CH2Cl2. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound, which was used in subsequent steps without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6): δ ppm 2.46 (s, 3H), 7.13 (s, 1H).
To a mixture of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (11.5 g, 52.9 mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (5.9 mL, 53 mmol) in ethanol (235 mL) was added sodium ethoxide (5.40 g, 79 mmol). The reaction was heated to reflux for 2 hours, and additional sodium ethoxide was added, if necessary, until the cyclization was complete as determined by 1H-NMR. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was taken up in water and CH2Cl2. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with CH2Cl2 to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (14.6 g, 91%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 4.36 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (br s, 2H), 7.41 (s, 1H)
A mixture of ethyl 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (14.6 g, 48.0 mmol) and potassium hydroxide (6.73 g, 120 mmol) in 5.5:1 methanol:water (260 mL) was heated at reflux for 4.5 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was taken up in water (90 mL). The pH of the water solution was adjusted to 2 using 1M HCl, and the precipitated yellow solid was collected by filtration. The solid was suspended in water and lyophilized to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (12.5 g, 94%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ ppm 2.71 (s, 3H), 7.64 (s, 1H)
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0769 g, 0.28 mmol), HATU (0.116 g, 0.31 mmol), DIPEA (0.073 mL, 0.42 mmol) and (3-phenylpropyl)amine (0.040 mL, 0.28 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow gum (0.0839 g, 77%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 30-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.92-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.76 (m, 5H), 3.39-3.51 (m, 2H), 5.54 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (br s, 2H), 7.15-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3OSF3+0.2H2O: C, 57.48; H, 4.67; N, 10.58. Found: C, 57.51; H, 4.40; N, 10.54.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and [2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0472 g, 44%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.87 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.69 (m, 2H), 5.53-5.66 (m, 1H), 6.48 (br s, 2H), 7.09-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3OSF3+0.1 TFA: C, 56.96; H, 4.51; N, 10.38. Found: C, 57.03; H, 4.50; N, 10.26.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and [2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0820 g, 77%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.93 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.57-3.71 (m, 2H), 5.62 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (br s, 2H), 7.13-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3OSF3: C, 58.01; H, 4.61; N, 10.68. Found: C, 57.79; H, 4.35; N, 10.41.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and (2-phenylpropyl)amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0755 g, 71%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >96%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.83 (br s, 2H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.35 (ddd, J=13.3, 8.5, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (ddd, J=13.3, 7.0, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.43 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3OSF3+0.1 TFA+0.2H2O: C, 56.46; H, 4.57; N, 10.29. Found: C, 56.35; H, 4.45; N, 10.36.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and N-methyl-2-phenylethanamine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0748 g, 70%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >95%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.95-3.03 (m, 2H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.86 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3OSF3+0.1 TFA: C, 56.96; H, 4.51; N, 10.38. Found: C, 56.99; H, 4.40; N, 10.78.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and [2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0782 g, 70%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.04 (br s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.92-2.98 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 6.17 (t, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (br s, 1H), 6.87-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.96 (m, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=7.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J=7.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=410. Anal. Calcd for C19H18N3O2SF3+0.2H2O: C, 55.25; H, 4.49; N, 10.17. Found: C, 55.11; H, 4.30; N, 10.26.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-s b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and (2,2-diphenylethyl)amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0849 g, 69%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.60 (br s, 1H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 4.05 (dd, J=7.9, 5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (br s, 1H), 7.20-7.37 (m, 10H), 7.42 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=456. Anal. Calcd for C24H20N3OSF3+0.1 TFA: C, 62.25; H, 4.34; N, 9.00. Found: C, 62.44; H, 4.21; N, 8.87.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and [2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0752 g, 70%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.59 (br s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.92 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (q, 2H), 5.59 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (br s, 1H), 6.89-6.98 (m, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=398. Anal. Calcd for C18H15N3OSF4: C, 54.40; H, 3.80; N, 10.57. Found: C, 54.10; H, 3.64; N, 10.59.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0791 g, 65%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >98%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.58 (br s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.88 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (q, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 5.60 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (br s, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=448. Anal. Calcd for C18H14N3OSF3Cl2: C, 48.23; H, 3.15; N, 9.37. Found: C, 47.99; H, 2.98; N, 9.30.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) and {2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amine (0.54 mL of a 0.5 M DMF solution, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0814 g, 67%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >96%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.57 (br s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.99 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.63-3.73 (m, 2H), 5.61 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (br s, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.54 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=448. Anal. Calcd for C19H15N3OSF6+0.1 TFA: C, 50.26; H, 3.32; N, 9.16. Found: C, 50.17; H, 3.17; N, 9.18.
Chloroacetyl chloride (1.95 mL, 24.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of (2-phenylethyl)amine (2.476 g, 20.4 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (2.16 g, 25.7 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) maintained at 0° C. The reaction was stirred for 2.5 hours at 10° C., and was then cooled back down to 0° C. and quenched by the addition of water (10 mL). The layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed successively with 10% HCl(aq) and brine. The organic phase was then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound (4.13 g, quantitative), which was used in subsequent steps without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.86 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.64 (m, 2H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 6.63 (br s, 1H), 7.18-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.37 (m, 2H).
To a solution of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (0.259 g, 1.19 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added 2-chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide (0.234 g, 1.19 mmol) in portions and a solution of 15% sodium hydroxide in water (0.65 mL, 1.8 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours, and was then diluted with water (10 mL) and CH2Cl2 (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (2×), and then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5:1 CH2Cl2:EtOAc, followed by a second purification eluting with 3:1 hexanes:EtOAc, to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (0.211 g, 47%). Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.93 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.65-3.72 (m, 2H), 5.61 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (br s, 2H), 7.22-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=380. Anal. Calcd for C18H16N3OSF3: C, 56.98; H, 4.25; N, 11.08. Found: C, 56.64; H, 4.21; N, 10.93.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-h]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.200 g, 0.72 mmol), HATU (0.303 g, 0.78 mmol), DIPEA (0.19 mL, 1.08 mmol), and (S)-(−)-β-methylphenethylamine (155 μL, 1.08 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.248 g, 87%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 30-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; Chiral Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 1.36 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.84 (m, 1H), 5.43 (t, J=5.66 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18F3N3OS+0.15H2O: C, 57.61; H, 4.66; N, 10.61. Found: C, 57.48; H, 4.48; N, 10.45. Optical Rotation: [α]D18=−76.9° (c=0.963, MeOH).
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.150 g, 0.54 mmol), HATU (0.310 g, 0.81 mmol), DIPEA (0.24 mL, 1.38 mmol), and (R)-(+)-β-methylphenethylamine (110 μL, 0.77 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.143 g, 67%) following purification by column chromatography (25% ethyl acetate in hexanes). Purity (HPLC): >99%; Chiral Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CD3OD): δ ppm 1.28 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.51 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.30 (m, 4H); 7.64 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18F3N3OS×0.2HCl: C, 56.95; H, 4.58; N, 10.49. Found: C, 57.06; H, 4.47; N, 10.67.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.80 mmol), and (1R)-2-amino-1-phenylethanol (0.0370 g, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0638 g, 59%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.73 (s, 3H), 3.28 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (ddd, J=14.1, 8.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (ddd, J=14.2, 6.9, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (ddd, J=7.6, 3.7, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.99 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H), 7.27-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=396.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.80 mmol), and (1S)-2-amino-1-phenylethanol (0.0370 g, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0631 g, 59%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 50-80% C3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.73 (s, 3H), 3.27 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (ddd, J=14.1, 8.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (ddd, J=14.2, 6.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (ddd, J=7.6, 3.7, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H), 7.28-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=396. Anal. Calcd for C18H16F3N3O2S+0.1H2O: C, 54.43; H, 4.11; N, 10.58. Found: C, 54.43; H, 3.81; N, 10.29.
Following a modified version of General Procedure 1 employing additional DIPEA, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.101 g, 0.37 mmol), HATU (0.153 g, 0.40 mmol), DIPEA (0.19 mL, 1.1 mmol), and 1-amino-2-phenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride (0.0685 g, 0.37 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.125 g, 84%) following purification by column chromatography (3:1 CH2Cl2:EtOAc). Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl-3): δ ppm 1.62 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=14.1, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 7.23-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.54 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=410. Anal. Calcd for C19H18F3N3O2S+0.2H2O: C, 55.25; H, 4.49; N, 10.17. Found: C, 55.24; H, 4.38; N, 10.50.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.150 g, 0.54 mmol), HATU (0.227 g, 0.60 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.81 mmol), and 2-furan-2-yl-ethylamine (167 mg, 0.81 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.090 g, 45%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 30-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.74 (s, 3H) 2.96 (t, J=6.54 Hz, 2H) 3.70 (q, J=6.58 Hz, 2H) 5.80 (t, J=5.37 Hz, 1H) 6.13 (dd, J=3.32, 0.78 Hz, 1H) 6.32 (dd, J=3.12, 1.76 Hz, 1H) 6.50 (s, 2H) 7.37 (dd, J=1.86, 0.88 Hz, 1H) 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=370. Anal. Calcd for C16H14F3N3O2S: C, 52.03; H, 3.82; N, 11.38. Found: C, 51.80; H, 3.64; N, 11.63.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.150 g, 0.54 mmol), HATU (0.227 g, 0.60 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.81 mmol), and 4-fluorophenethylamine (106 μL, 0.81 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.100 g, 45%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 30-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH—3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.90 (t, J=6.93 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (q, J=6.05 Hz, 2H), 5.59 (t, J=5.86 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 2H), 6.99-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=398. Anal. Calcd for C16H14F3N3O2S: C, 52.03; H, 3.82; N, 11.38. Found: C, 51.80; H, 3.64; N, 11.63.
Following a modified version of General Procedure 1 employing additional DIPEA, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.0751 g, 0.27 mmol), HATU (0.114 g, 0.30 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.80 mmol) and 2-cyclohexylethanamine hydrochloride (0.0442 g, 0.27 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.0753 g, 72%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 60-100% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 0.87-1.03 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.27-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.82 (m, 5H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 5.51 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=386. Anal. Calcd for C18H22N3OSF3: C, 56.09; H, 5.75; N, 10.90. Found: C, 55.92; H, 5.68; N, 10.67.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-6-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.150 g, 0.54 mmol), HATU (0.310 g, 0.81 mmol), DIPEA (0.24 mL, 1.38 mmol), and trans-4-methyl-cyclohexylamine HCl (0.12 g, 0.80 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.072 g, 36%) following purification by column chromatography (30% ethyl acetate in hexanes). Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ ppm 0.90 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.97-1.15 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.47 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.86 (m, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=372. Anal. Calcd for C17H20F3N3OS×0.1H2O×0.1HCl: C, 54.18; H, 5.43; N, 11.15. Found: C, 54.32; H, 5.36; N, 11.00.
To a solution of Compound 11 (0.120 g, 0.31 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added formaldehyde (37% in water, 70 μL, 0.95 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The next day, decaborane was added and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane and washed with 2 M NaOH. The aqueous layer was extracted with two portions of dichloromethane and the combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to give a 1:1 mixture of Compound 21 and Compound 22. The compounds were separated by reverse phase HPLC (40-90% CH3CN in H2O). The title compound was obtained as a yellow gum (0.049 g, 40%) following lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >94%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.99 (t, J=6.93 Hz, 2H), 3.78-3.87 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.38 (m, 5H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 9.07 (t, J=5.47 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=394. Anal. Calcd for C19H18F3N3OS+0.35 TFA has C, 54.60; H, 4.27; N, 9.70. Found: C, 54.66; H, 4.14; N, 9.56.
Isolated from the reaction mixture of Compound 21, the title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (0.051 g, 40%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (40-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.68 (s, 6H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J=6.84 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (q, J=6.64 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (br s, 1H), 7.22-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.49 (s, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=408. Anal. Calcd for C20H20F3N3OS has C, 58.96; H, 4.95; N, 10.31. Found: C, 58.78; H, 4.99; N, 10.54.
4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (10.0 g, 58.1 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (400 mL) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (11.9 mL, 116 mmol) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C. and trifluoroacetic anhydride (16.4 mL, 116 mmol) was slowly added via a dropping funnel. The reaction was warmed to 40° C. and stirred overnight. After cooling to room temperature, saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 was added and the solution was poured into a separatory funnel containing 1 M HCl. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound of an off-white solid (10.5 g, 96%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 7.65 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 1H), 8.37-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.47-8.49 (m, 1H).
A mixture of 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile 1-oxide (10.5 g, 55.8 mmol) and POCl3 (51 mL, 558 mmol) was heated at 110° C. for 5 hours. After evaporation of excess POCl3, the residue was taken up in dichloromethane and washed successively with 5% K2CO3 and water. The organic phase was then dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give a mixture of the title compound and 6-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile. 1H NMR analysis of the crude material showed that the title compound was the major isomer (7:3 2-chloro:6-chloro). The isomers were separated by flash chromatography. The 6-chloro isomer was eluted first with 9:1 hexanes:Et3N. Eluting with dichloromethane gave the title compound as an orange oil (4.50 g, 38%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ ppm 7.67 (d, J=5.08 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (d, J=5.08 Hz, 1H).
A solution of 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (2.00 g, 9.68 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added to a stirred solution of ethyl 2-mercaptoacetate and sodium ethoxide in ethanol (10 mL). The reaction was heated to reflux for 5 hours, and additional sodium ethoxide was added, if necessary until the cyclization was complete as determined by 1H NMR. The reaction mixture was poured into a flask containing ice/H2O and was acidified with 1 M HCl to pH 2. The resulting solid was collected by vacuum filtration to give the title compound as a yellow solid (2.10 g 83%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ ppm (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H).
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.030 g, 0.11 mmol), HATU (0.048 g, 0.13 mmol), DIPEA (28 μL, 0.16 mmol), and (2-phenylethyl)amine (13 μL, 0.16 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (27.7 mg, 69%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 20-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.94 (t, J=6.93 Hz, 2H), 3.66-3.74 (m, 2H), 5.65 (t, J=4.69 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H) 7.22-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J=4.69 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=366. Anal. Calcd for C17H14F3N3OS×0.35 TFA: C, 52.46; H, 3.57; N, 10.37. Found: C, 52.59; H, 3.43; N, 10.47.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.030 g, 0.11 mmol), HATU (0.048 g, 0.13 mmol), DIPEA (28 μL, 0.16 mmol), and [2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (14 μL, 0.16 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (30.0 mg, 72%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 20-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H—2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.89 (t, J=6.93 Hz, 2H), 3.63-3.70 (m, 2H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 7.11-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.59 (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J=4.69 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=380. Anal. Calcd for C18H16F3N3OS+0.05H2O+0.1 TFA: C, 55.81; H, 4.17; N, 10.73. Found: C, 55.40; H, 3.75; N, 11.04.
Following General Procedure 1, 3-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.030 g, 0.11 mmol), HATU (0.048 g, 0.13 mmol), DIPEA (28 μL, 0.16 mmol), and [2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amine (14 μL, 0.16 mmol) were combined. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid (23.7 mg, 56%) following purification by reverse phase HPLC (gradient 20-90% CH3CN in H2O) and lyophilization from CH3CN/H—2O. Purity (HPLC): >99%; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): δ ppm 2.94 (t, J=7.03 Hz, 2H), 3.66-3.73 (m, 2H), 5.65 (t, J=5.08 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 2H), 6.92-6.99 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7.62 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J=4.69 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI) (M+H)+=384. Anal. Calcd for C17H13F4N3OS+0.1H2O+0.25 TFA: C, 51.81; H, 3.28; N, 10.16. Found: C, 51.12; H, 3.11; N, 9.81.
1. hVR1 FLIPR (Fluorometric Image Plate Reader) Screening Assay
Transfected CHO cells, stably expressing hVR1 (15,000 cells/well) are seeded in 50 ul media in a black clear bottom 384 plate (Greiner) and grown in a humidified incubator (37° C., 2% CO2), 24-30 hours prior to experiment.
Subsequently, the media is removed from the cell plate by inversion and 2 μM Fluo-4 is added using a multidrop (Labsystems). Following the 40 minutes dye incubation in the dark at 37° C. and 2% CO2, the extracellular dye present is washed away using an EMBLA (Scatron), leaving the cells in 40 ul of assay buffer (1×HBSS, 10 mM D-Glucose, 1 mM CaCl2, 10 mM HEPES, 10×7.5% NaHCO3 and 2.5 mM Probenecid).
For IC50 determinations the fluorescence is read using FLIPR filter 1 (em 520-545 nM). A cellular baseline recording is taken for 30 seconds, followed by a 20 μl addition of 10, titrated half-log concentrations of the test compound, yielding cellular concentration ranging from 3 μM to 0.1 nM. Data is collected every 2 seconds for a further 5 minutes prior to the addition of a VR1 agonist solution: either 50 nM solution of capsaicin or MES (2-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid) buffer (pH 5.2), by the FLIPR pipettor. The FLIPR continues to collect data for a further 4 minutes. Compounds having antagonistic properties against the hVR1 will inhibit the increase in intracellular calcium in response to the capsaicin addition. This consequently leading to a reduction in fluorescence signal and providing a reduced fluorescence reading, compared with no compound, buffer controls. Data is exported by the FLIPR program as a sum of fluorescence calculated under the curve upon the addition of capsaicin. Maximum inhibition, Hill slope and IC50 data for each compound are generated.
VR1 vanilloid receptor 1
IBS irritable bowel syndrome
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
GERD gastro-esophageal reflux disease
HEPES 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid
EGTA Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
EMBLA Skatron, Plate Cell Washer, from Molecular Devices company
MES (2-[N-Morphholino]ethanesulfonic acid) Hydrate, Sigma cat# M-5287
NUT Nutrient mixture F-12, medium for culturing cells
Typical IC50 values as measured in the assays described above are 1 μM or less. In one aspect of the invention the IC50 is below 750 nM. In another aspect of the invention the IC50 is below 150 nM. In a further aspect of the invention the IC50 is below 10 nM.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0403171-2 | Dec 2004 | SE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2005/002020 | 12/22/2005 | WO | 00 | 3/14/2008 |
