This invention generally relates to fire control systems, and more particularly to a fire control system that adds compressed air into a water and foam fire suppressant mixture, commonly known as a Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS).
A fire is caused when heat energy is introduced to a fuel along with an oxidation agent. A fire will continue to burn as long as the fuel, oxidation agent, and heat energy are still present in the system.
Historically, the most popular method of extinguishing a fire is with the use of water. Water can extinguish a fire by removing the heat energy from the above listed elements needed for a fire. Specifically, when water is introduced into a fire that is burning a fuel source the water will coat the fuel source such that when the heat energy is introduced to the water saturated fuel source the water will vaporize thereby cooling the system. Additionally, when water is introduced to a fire system the heat energy will vaporize the water, and water vapor will displace the oxygen, which acts as the oxidation agent in a typical fire system. Therefore, when the water is vaporized it asphyxiates the fire.
However, water has been found to be an inefficient way to suppress a fire. A more ideal fire suppressing solution is a foam. Foam is a better fire suppressant than water because it adheres to the fuel source better than water alone does. Because it adheres to the source of fuel for the heat energy better than water, the foam is capable of removing more heat energy by the fact that more foam is present on the fuel source of the system.
In such systems, compressed air is used to help produce the foam. The foam is produced when water is mixed with a foam concentrate, which is aided by the introduction of compressed air. Not only does the compressed air help to mix the foam concentrate and the water but also helps to propel the foam solution when actually being applied to the fire.
Typically, the foam is applied to a fire from a fire truck. The fire truck usually has access to water from a fire hydrant. The fire truck usually has a storage tank for the foam concentrate and an air compressor to compress air for use in creating a foam and applying that foam to the fire. To control this mixing and application, the fire truck is operated by firemen who control the application of the foam in order to best extinguish the fire.
The process of adding compressed air to water and foam concentrate to form the fire extinguishing foam is manually managed by the firemen present during a fire. Creating the compressed air foam mixture requires the firemen managing the situation to monitor the flow of water, the quantity of foam concentrate, whether foam is flowing, and the temperature of the air compressor in order to determine if the system is capable of generating the foam. This is a complicated task considering that it must be done under the high stress situation typically experienced by firemen. Because this task is complicated and must be done under stressful conditions many firemen will not use the current devices on the market.
Therefore, there is a need for a fire control system that monitors the water flow, foam concentrate level, foam flow, and the air compressor temperature that does not require the complete attention of the firemen present at the scene.
Embodiments of the invention provide such a fire control system. These and other advantages of the invention, as well as additional inventive features, will be apparent from the description of the various embodiments of invention provided herein.
In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a new and improved fire control device that overcomes one or more of the problems existing in the art. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide a new and improved CAFS fire control device that overcomes one or more of the problems existing in the art. Still more particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide a new and improved CAFS that does not require an individual, in a stressful fire fighting situation, to focus on intricate CAFS device parameters in order to determine whether the CAFS is capable of operating.
In one embodiment, the CAFS device monitors the CAFS device parameters via a diagnostic system that provides data to an electronic controller. The device parameters measured by the diagnostic system are whether water is flowing in the device, whether foam concentrate is present in the device, whether foam is flowing in the device, and whether the air compressor temperature is not too high. The controller runs an CAFS control program that checks the device parameters to ensure that the CAFS is running properly. If one of the above listed device parameters is no longer met during CAFS operation the CAFS control program tells the controller to shut down the CAFS.
In another embodiment, rather than the electronic controller deciding when to deactivate the CAFS a system user can manually control the CAFS via a control interface. The control interface allows the system user to manually deactivate certain functionality of the CAFS. For instance, the system user can configure the CAFS to expel only water, only compressed air, only foam, or only water and compressed air. This way the system user has the option to take over control from the CAFS control program of the various functions performed by the electronic controller.
In yet another embodiment, the CAFS has a simple user interface. The CAFS is activated by a user merely actuating a single button. Upon actuating the single button the electronic controller will check to see if the diagnostic system shows that the CAFS is ready for use, and if it is then the controller will activate the CAFS. Actuating the button a second time will cause the CAFS to shut down.
In yet another embodiment, a fire control device has multiple CAFS subsystems. Each of these subsystems has a user interface. All of the subsystems are controlled by a single controller for the fire control device.
Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In one embodiment, fire control system 100 has a simplified user interface 102 and an active control interface 112 for the CAFS. The simplified user interface 102 is enlarged to show the simplicity of the design. Interface 102 contains switch or button 104 that both activates and deactivates the CAFS by activating the water, foam, and compressed air subsystems all with the single button 104. Additionally, the interface 102 includes an LED indicator light called an air request indicator 106 that is illuminated when the CAFS is activated, a discharge pressure indicator 108 that displays the pressure of the fluid in a discharge valve (not shown), which is connected to a discharge connector 110.
Furthermore,
Additionally, the active control interface 112 allows the user to activate various subsystems for the fire control system 100 independently from each of the other subsystems. Separate manual control switches are present to activate these subsystems. Specifically, manual control 114 activates the water system such that when this control is actuated the fire control system 100 will discharge water. Manual control 116 activates the foam system such that when this control is actuated the fire control system 100 will discharge foam. Manual control 118 activates the compressed air system such that when this control is actuated the fire control system 100 will discharge compressed air. The water and air subsystems can be activated alone. But activating the foam subsystem requires the water subsystem be activated in addition to the foam subsystem. Note that if all three are activated then this is the same as actuating the single button 104 from interface 102.
The manifold 216a feeds the pressurized water into a water and foam concentrate mix chamber 208. Chamber 208 also connects to a foam concentrate supply chamber 206. When the CAFS 200 is activated, foam concentrate from the foam concentrate chamber 206 is mixed with water to produce the foam used for extinguishing a fire.
As an aside, chamber 208 has a pass-through capability, which is activated from active control interface 112 (from
After the water and foam concentrate are mixed a foam is created, the foam proceeds into a foam and compressed air mixing chamber 212. Chamber 212 is coupled to an air compressor 210. The air compressor 210 injects compressed air into chamber 212 in order to create the compressed air foam mixture.
The pressure of chamber 212 is regulated such that the pressure added by the air compressor 210 does not cause mechanical damage to the CAFS 200. A balancing valve 234 regulates the pressure between the compressed air and the water/foam mixture. Controller 218 actuates the balancing valve 234 in order to regulate the pressure in the system. The balancing valve is only open when the air compressor 210 is active and not overheating.
As an aside, chamber 212 can block the foam from passing out of chamber 212 and into manifold 216b. This way the CAFS 200 will eject only compressed air. This functionality is controlled by the system operator actuating manual control 118 on the active control interface 112 (from
In one embodiment, a liquid cooling system 228 is present to maintain a safe operating temperature for the air compressor 210. The cooling effect is accomplished by passing water through a cooling duct (not pictured) of the air compressor 210 and then returning the water to the water tank 220. By implementing this cooling system the useful period of the air compressor 210 is extended beyond what it would be if no cooling system were present. Therefore, the cooling system allows the firefighters to employ the air compressor 210 for longer periods of time.
Further, the CAFS 200 has specific diagnostic systems to measure device parameters. The device parameters are then provided to the CAFS 200 controller 218. Specifically, the diagnostic system includes a water level monitoring device 220, a flow meter 222, a foam concentrate level monitoring device 224, a flow meter 230, and a temperature gauge 226. The water level monitoring device 220 is used to determine whether the CAFS 200 has adequate reserves of water, in water tank 204, to maintain functionality. The flow meter 222 is used to monitor that water is flowing in manifold 216a. The foam concentrate level monitoring device 224 is used to determine whether enough foam concentrate is present to keep producing foam for the CAFS 200. The flow meter 230 is used to monitor that foam is flowing in the foam manifold 216b. The temperature gauge 226 monitors the temperature of the air compressor 210.
The controller 218 acquires the data collected by the diagnostic measuring system. Using the collected data, the controller 218 is capable of safely operating the CAFS 200 without further user interaction, beyond the user merely pressing the activation button 104 (from
Additionally, the controller 218 interfaces with various subsystems of the CAFS. Specifically, the controller 218 controls the water pump 202, the foam concentrate system 206, and the air compressor 210. By controlling the operation of these subsystems the controller 218 can determine when to shut down the CAFS 200 and in what mode the CAFS 200 operates.
Air request 1306 and air request 2308 represent two user interfaces one for each of the air valve 1302 and air valve 2304. When a user actuates the one button 104 (from
After the user engages either one of the air request 1 or 2306, 308, the controller 218 will activate the air request indicator 106 (from
The air valve indicator signals 310, 312 show that the CAFS is in one of three separate states, called air request states. The first state is the air request state off. In the air request state off, the air compressor is not running because the user has not pressed the one button 104 in order to turn on the CAFS. The air request indicator 106 (from
After the user engages either one of the air request 1 or 2306, 308, thereby causing the CAFS to enter the pending state, controller 218 checks if water is flowing in the system. For proper CAFS operation water must be flowing in the system. Water flow is determined by a signal from the flow meter 222 (from
After the controller 218 verifies that water is flowing in the CAFS, controller 218 checks if foam concentrate is present and that the foam, formed from the mixture of foam concentrate and water, is flowing. The controller 218 is communicatively coupled to the foam concentrate chamber 206, the water and foam mix chamber 208, and the foam concentrate level monitoring device 224 via a Controller-Area Network (CAN) bus 316. The CAN bus 316 allows the controller 218 to regulate when the foam concentrate is released into the water and foam concentrate mix chamber 208 in order to make foam. Additionally, the controller 218 monitors the amount of foam concentrate in the system over the CAN bus 316.
Once a user has activated the CAFS and the controller has already determined that water is flowing, the controller 218 will start the process of mixing foam concentrate with water in the foam concentrate and water mix chamber 208. The controller 218 can tell that foam is flowing by monitoring the flow meter 230 over the flow sensor 2 signal line 318. At this point, the controller will determine if the flow sensor 230 is detecting a constant foam flow for three seconds before it determines that foam is in fact flowing in the system. This is because if the user indicates via the active control interface 112 that they want to use the fire control system 100 in a foam only mode the foam will proceed down a separate manifold (not shown) from manifold 216b. The three second verification time is to ensure that a constant stream of foam is present in manifold 216b and not just residual foam from a prior use.
After it has been determined that foam is flowing in the system, controller 218 (from
Once the air compressor 210 is activated, the controller 218 can open the balancing valve 234 via its balance valve vent solenoid 326 output, allowing for water pressure to be applied to the balancing valve 234. If the air compressor temperature gauge 226 is indicating a high temperature condition the controller 218 will switch off air compressor 210 and open the balancing valve 234 to vent the air pressure to atmosphere.
While controller 218 is shown to only operate two CAFS system in
First, the CAFS control program 500 determines whether water is flowing in the manifold 216a (from
Next, if water was found to be flowing in the manifold 216 (from
Next, if foam concentrate was found, the CAFS control program 500 checks that foam is flowing in decision block 507. To accomplish this task, the controller 218 (from
Next, if the foam is found to be flowing, the CAFS control program 500 checks that the air compressor 210 (from
Finally, if the temperature of the air compressor 210 (from
Once the CAFS control program 500 proceeds to block 513, the CAFS enters the on state, as discussed earlier. At this point the controller 218 (from
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
This patent application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/216,010, filed Aug. 23, 2011, the entire teachings and disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13216010 | Aug 2011 | US |
Child | 15489462 | US |