This disclosure relates to fabrication of a cascade for a thrust reverser and more particularly to an assembly and method for manufacturing the cascade.
Thrust reversers are assemblies which are used to redirect jet engine exhaust in a landing maneuver of an aircraft. A blocker door of the thrust reverser assembly changes the direction of jet engine exhaust from exiting the jet engine in a direction toward an aft portion of the aircraft and directs exhaust to and through cascades positioned about a nacelle which surrounds the jet engine. The configuration of surfaces in the cascade direct the jet engine exhaust in desired directions such as toward a forward portion of the aircraft so as to slow the speed of the aircraft once the aircraft has landed. Other cascade surfaces can redirect the jet engine exhaust in desired directions away from the aircraft to avoid imparting wear and/or damage to the aircraft from the jet engine exhaust.
Vane structures of cascades will generally direct jet engine exhaust flow in a direction toward the forward portion of the aircraft to assist in slowing down the speed of the aircraft upon landing. Strong back structures of cascades generally direct the jet engine exhaust in a side turning direction and away from surfaces of the aircraft. As a result, cascades include complex shapes which provide surfaces of the vanes and the surfaces of the strong backs to direct the jet engine exhaust in desired directions when the thrust reverser assembly is employed.
Constructing surfaces of the vanes and the strong backs within the cascade results in incurring considerable labor, cost, as well as, turnaround time for production. A number of cascades are typically positioned about the perimeter of the nacelle and each cascade can have surface configurations that can differ from other cascades positioned about the same nacelle so as to accomplish the desired directing of the jet engine exhaust at the time of landing.
Cascades have been made conventionally with composite material by way of hand layups. This fabrication methodology is labor intensive and results in high production cost. Other methods of fabrication of cascades has included compression mold thermoplastic manufacturing processes which is less labor intensive. However, cascade configurations include arrays of complex four sided cells which are constructed of one set of opposing sides being vane structures and a second set of opposing sides being strong back structures. Mold designs to accommodate thrust reverser cascade configurations typically have to accommodate under-cut geometries which does not allow for simple extraction of mold tool elements. The existing solution uses multiple insert pieces for each cascade vane passageway or cell. The number of tool parts for a single cascade includes numerous tool insert parts for fabrication of a single thrust reverser cascade. This tooling creates an unacceptable level of labor related to tool inventory, set up, cleaning, and quality assurance of each tooling element.
As a result, there is a need to simplify the compression molding assembly of a thrust reverser cascade. A compression mold assembly is needed that does not require a large number of tool components and still provides production of the thrust reverser cascade that can contain under-cut geometries and avoid the extensive labor cost related to tool inventory, set up, cleaning, and quality assurance of each tooling element.
An example includes a compression mold assembly for forming a preform of a cascade for a thrust reverser assembly, which includes a first die element positioned at an internal side of the preform of the cascade to be formed and a second die element positioned at an external side of the preform of the cascade to be formed. The first and the second die elements define an axis of alignment such that a line of removal of a formed preform of the cascade to the first die and second die elements is positioned perpendicular to a plane which extends perpendicular to the axis of alignment. A first die portion, which extends from the first die element, includes a first curved surface which forms an interior surface of a first strong back within a cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. A second die portion, which extends from the second die element, includes a first curved surface which forms an interior surface of a second strong back within the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. The second die portion includes a second curved surface which forms an interior surface of a first vane positioned on a forward side of the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. The first die portion further comprises a wall assembly which includes a first wall member, which extends along the line of removal and a second wall member which extends in an angular direction relative to the first wall portion wherein the first wall member and the second wall member form an interior surface of a second vane positioned on an aft side of the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly.
Another example includes a method for fabricating a cascade for a thrust reverser, including the step of positioning a first die element at an internal side of the preform of the cascade to be formed and a second die element is positioned at an external side of the preform of the cascade to be formed. The first and the second die elements define an axis of alignment such that a line of removal of a formed preform of the cascade relative to the first die and second die elements is positioned perpendicular to a plane which extends perpendicular to the axis of alignment. A first die portion, which extends from the first die element, includes a first curved surface which forms an interior surface of a first strong back within a cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. A second die portion, which extends from the second die element, includes a first curved surface which forms an interior surface of a second strong back within the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. The second die portion includes a second curved surface which forms an interior surface of a first vane positioned on a forward side of the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. The first die portion further includes a wall assembly which includes a first wall member, which extends the line of removal and a second wall member which extends in an angular direction relative to the first wall member. The first wall member and the second wall member form an interior surface of a second vane positioned on an aft side of the cell of the preform of the cascade to be formed by the compression mold assembly. The method further includes a step of placing a polymer between the first die element and the second die element and a step of applying a compression force on the first die element and the second die element.
The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various embodiments or may be combined in yet other embodiments further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.
In referring to
The configuration of various surfaces within each cascade 14 direct jet engine 12 exhaust in desired directions. Vanes, which will be herein discussed, will direct jet engine 12 exhaust, that would otherwise pass through jet engine 12 toward an aft (AFT) portion of the aircraft, to a forward (FWD) direction of the aircraft so as to slow the speed of the aircraft once the aircraft has landed. Other cascade 14 surfaces, such as provided by surfaces of strong backs of cascades 14, redirect jet engine 12 exhaust other directions, such as laterally away from jet engine 12. The laterally directed exhaust is directed away from the aircraft so as to avoid the exhaust imparting wear and/or damage to the aircraft.
In referring to
In referring to
Compression mold assembly 34 for forming preform 36, further includes a containment assembly 52 positioned surrounding first die element 38 and second die element 42. Containment assembly 52 would also surround a polymer (not shown) positioned between first and second die elements 38, 42 and within compression mold assembly 34 for forming preform 36 of cascade 14. Containment assembly 52 includes four sidewalls 54, 56, 58 and 60 which enclose four sided first die element 38 and four sided second die element 42. Each of four sidewalls 54-60 of containment assembly 52 defines one of shape 62a and 62b on surface 64a and 64b respectively for forming a corresponding shape to each of four sides 66, 68, 70 and 72 of preform 36 of cascade 14 being formed by compression mold assembly 34.
Shape 62a positioned on surface 64a of sidewalls 54 and 58 form an external surface of opposing sides 66 and 70 of preform 36. In this example, shape 62a of each of surfaces 64a of sidewalls 54 and 58 form a shape of a strong back which extends along sides 66 and 70 of preform 36. Shape 62b positioned on surface 64b of sidewalls 56 and 60 form an external surface of opposing sides 68 and 72 of preform 36. In this example, shape 62b provides for each of surfaces 64b of sidewalls 56 and 60 to form opposing sides 68 and 72 of preform 36 so as to be planar and have a concave shape 74 facing preform 36. This configuration imparts convex shape 76 to preform 36 on external side 44 of preform 36 such that with preform 36 completed into an operational cascade 14, convex shape 76 is positioned outside of jet engine 12 and aligns with surface of nacelle 16.
In the example shown in
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First die portion 78, as seen in
Second die portion 80 includes second curved surface 94, as seen in
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As can be seen in
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Second die portion 80, as seen in
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First die portions 78 can be positioned in arrays in first die element 38 and second die portions 80 can be positioned in arrays in second die element 38 as seen in
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First die portion 78, which extends from first die element 38, includes first curved surface 82 which forms interior surface 84 of first strong back 86 within cell 22 of preform 36 of cascade 14 to be formed by compression mold assembly 34. Second die portion 80, which extends from the second die element 42, includes first curved surface 88 which forms an interior surface 90 of second strong back 92 within cell 22 of preform 36 of cascade 14 to be formed by compression mold assembly 34. Second die portion 80 includes second curved surface 94 which forms interior surface 96 of first vane 98 positioned on forward (FWD) side of cell 22 of preform 36 of cascade 14 to be formed by compression mold assembly 34. In addition, method 138 includes first die portion 78 further including wall assembly 100 which includes first wall member 102, which extends along line of removal 48 and second wall member 104 which extends in angular direction 106 relative to first wall member 102. First wall member 102 and second wall member 104 form interior surface 108 of second vane 110 positioned on aft (AFT) side of cell 22 of preform 36 of cascade 14 to be formed by compression mold assembly 34.
Method 138 further includes step 142 of placing a polymer between first die element 38 and second die element 42. The polymer can include one of a wide variety of thermoset polymers which can provide the needed strength and durability for cascade 14. Method 138 further includes applying a compression force on first die element 38 and second die element 42. The force applied is dependent on the polymer used and the compression force is sustained until preform 36 of cascade 14 has been cured.
Further included in fabricating cascade 14 is separating first die element 38 and second die element 42. The separation removes at least one of the first or second die elements 38, 42 from preform 36 of cascade 14. With complete removal of preform 36 from first and second die elements 38, 42, the fabricator can now machine excess polymer positioned between the interior surface 96 of first vane 98 and interior surface 108 of second vane 110 of preform 36, which includes in this example wall 134. The machining in this example will also include removing excess polymer 136 associated with first vane 98. Method 138 further includes machining excess polymer positioned between interior surface 84 of first strong back 86 and interior surface 90 of second strong back 92 of preform 36, which includes in this example wall 124.
While various embodiments have been described above, this disclosure is not intended to be limited thereto. Variations can be made to the disclosed embodiments that are still within the scope of the appended claims.
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