COMPRESSOR

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a compressor to be used in a refrigeration cycle apparatus considering environmental protection.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, from the point of view of environmental protection, a refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as low GWP refrigerant) having low global warming potential (GWP) has been examined as a refrigerant to be used in an air conditioner. As the low GWP refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is firstly presented.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem

However, the number of prior arts considering from an aspect of high efficiency of an air conditioner that uses the aforementioned refrigerant is small. For example, when the aforementioned refrigerant is to be applied to an air conditioner such as that disclosed in PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-124848), there is a problem that how high efficiency of a compressor is achieved.

Solution to Problem

A compressor according to a first aspect includes a compression unit and a motor. The compression unit compresses a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene. The motor has a rotor including a permanent magnet and drives the compression unit.

Due to the motor having the rotor that includes the permanent magnet, the compressor is suitable for a variable capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of the motor can be changed. In this case, in the air conditioner that uses the mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroetylene, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a second aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect, in which the rotor is a magnet-embedded rotor. In the magnet-embedded rotor, a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor.

A compressor according to a third aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates in a plate thickness direction. The thickness of each of the electromagnetic steel plates is 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.

Generally, the thinner the plate thickness, the more it is possible to reduce the eddy-current loss. The plate thickness is, however, desirably 0.05 to 0.5 mm considering that processing of electromagnetic steel plates is difficult when the plate thickness thereof is less than 0.05 mm and that it takes time for siliconizing from the steel plate surface and diffusing for optimizing Si distribution when the plate thickness thereof is more than 0.5 mm.

A compressor according to a fourth aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-shaped amorphous metals in a plate thickness direction.

This compressor realizes a motor having a less iron loss and high efficiency, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a fifth aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates in a plate thickness direction, the plurality of electromagnetic steel containing 5 mass % or more of silicon.

This compressor realizes, due to the electromagnetic steel plates in which hysteresis is reduced by containing a suitable amount of silicon, a motor having a less iron loss and high efficiency, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a sixth aspect is the compressor according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth aspect, in which the permanent magnet is a Nd—Fe—B-based magnet.

This compressor realizes a motor capable of increasing a magnetic energy product, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a seventh aspect is the compressor according to any one of the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in which the permanent magnet is formed by diffusing a heavy-rare-earth element along grain boundaries.

This compressor improves demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnet and can increase the holding force of the permanent magnet with a small amount of the heavy-rare-earth element, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to an eighth aspect is the compressor according to the sixth aspect, in which the permanent magnet contains 1 mass % or less of dysprosium.

This compressor improves the holding force of the permanent magnet, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a ninth aspect is the compressor according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, in which the average crystal gain size of the permanent magnet is 10 μm or less.

This compressor improves the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnet, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a tenth aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the permanent magnet has a flat shape and in which a plurality of the permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor to form a V-shape. The holding force of a part positioned at the bottom portion of the V-shape is set to be higher than the holding force of other parts by {1/(4π)}×103[A/m].

This compressor suppresses demagnetization of the permanent magnet, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to an eleventh aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates in a plate thickness direction, the plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel each having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.

This compressor improves durability of the rotor during high-speed rotation, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a twelfth aspect is the compressor according to the eleventh aspect, in which the permanent magnet forms a flat plate having a predetermined thickness. The rotor has an accommodation hole, a non-magnetic space, and a bridge. A plurality of the permanent magnets are embedded in the accommodation hole. The non-magnetic space extends from each of end portions of the permanent magnets accommodated in the accommodation hole to the vicinity of the surface of the rotor. The bridge is positioned on the outer side of the non-magnetic space and couples magnetic poles to each other. The thickness of the bridge is 3 mm or more.

This compressor improves durability during high-speed rotation, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

A compressor according to a thirteenth aspect is the compressor according to the first aspect, in which the rotor is a surface-magnet rotor. In the surface-magnet rotor, the permanent magnet is affixed to the surface of the rotor.

A compressor according to a fourteenth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.

A compressor according to a fifteenth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A compressor according to a sixteenth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A compressor according to a seventeenth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A compressor according to a eighteenth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A compressor according to a nineteenth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A compressor according to a twentieth aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), FO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A compressor according to a twenty-first aspect is the compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A compressor according to a twenty-second aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

A compressor according to a twenty-third aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

A compressor according to a twenty-fourth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).

A compressor according to a twenty-fifth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

A compressor according to a twenty-sixth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments IN and EI are straight lines.

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A compressor according to a twenty-seventh aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A compressor according to a twenty-eighth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A compressor according to a twenty-ninth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A compressor according to a thirtieth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A compressor according to a thirty-first aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

A compressor according to a thirty-second aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A compressor according to a thirty-third aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

A compressor according to a thirty-fourth aspect is the compressor according to any of the *first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

A compressor according to a thirty-fifth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

A compressor according to a thirty-sixth aspect is the compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty-seventh aspect includes the compressor according to any one of the first aspect to the thirty-sixth aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner in which a compressor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is utilized.

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compressor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a motor sectioned along a plane perpendicular to an axis.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a rotor sectioned along a plane perpendicular to an axis.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the rotor.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of another rotor sectioned along a plane perpendicular to an axis.

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compressor according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)

HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)

HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)

HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)

HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)

HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)

HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)

HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)

HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)

HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)

HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)

HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)

HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)

HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)

CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)

HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCF₂)

HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)

HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)

HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)

HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3, the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1C or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);

the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or

on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);

the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) 7 according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);

the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and

the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),

or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);

the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:

point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),

point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:

point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and

point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),

or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

Comp.
Comp.

Example

Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Example
2
Example
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7

R1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3

GWP
—
2088
1
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
—
30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6

TABLE 2

Comp.

Example

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.

Ex. 5
Example
5
Example
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8

Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2

COP
%
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0

ratio
(relative

to 410A)

Refrigerating
%
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9

capacity ratio
(relative

to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80

glide

Discharge
%
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8

pressure
(relative

to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0

TABLE 3

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Comp. Ex. 9
8
9
10
11
12

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
2

COP
% (relative to
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5

ratio
410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7

TABLE 4

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S'
T

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8

HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3

GWP
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
2

COP ratio
relative to
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8

TABLE 5

Comp.
Example
Example

Ex. 10
20
21

Item
Unit
G
H
I

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0

GWP
—
1
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71

glide

Discharge
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
37.4
37.0
36.6

TABLE 6

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1

TABLE 7

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
27
28
29
30
31
32
Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0

TABLE 8

Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 16
33
34
35
36
37
38
Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05

glide

Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8

TABLE 9

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4

TABLE 10

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78

glide

Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3

TABLE 11

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
53
54
55
56
57
58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2

TABLE 12

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.

Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64

glide

Discharge
% (relative to
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1

TABLE 13

Example
Example
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
64
65
19
20
21

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2

410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4

capacity ratio
410A)

Condensation glide
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50

Discharge
% (relative to
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6

pressure
410A)

RCL
g/m³
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5

TABLE 14

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0

R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95

glide

Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6

TABLE 15

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0

R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53

glide

Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9

TABLE 16

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0

HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67

glide

Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1

TABLE 17

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0

GWP
—
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5

TABLE 18

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8

TABLE 19

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0

R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36

glide

Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6

TABLE 20

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21

glide

Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4

TABLE 21

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0

R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58

glide

Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5

TABLE 22

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33

glide

Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5

TABLE 23

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4

TABLE 24

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48

glide

Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5

TABLE 25

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0

HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0

R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3

TABLE 26

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0

HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62

glide

Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4

TABLE 27

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0

HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0

R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14

glide

Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3

TABLE 28

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0

HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0

R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57

glide

Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9

TABLE 29

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26

glide

Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3

TABLE 30

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0

HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0

R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2

TABLE 31

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0

HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43

glide

Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2

TABLE 32

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0

HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97

glide

Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0

TABLE 33

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0

R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25

glide

Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0

TABLE 34

Example
Example

Item
Unit
226
227

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0

R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0

GWP
—
2
2

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6

to 410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.6
85.3

capacity ratio
to 410A)

Condensation
° C.
4.18
4.11

glide

Discharge
% (relative
91.0
90.6

pressure
to 410A)

RCL
g/m³
50.9
49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²0.2499x+38.2), and

the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1C or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item
Unit
G
H
I

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10

TABLE 36

Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3

Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
90%
90%
66%
12%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
gas
gas
gas
gas

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8

R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
9
9
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1,31.9,5.0)

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)

point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.

In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

Comparative
Comparative

Example 1
Example 2
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative

Item
Unit
R410A
HFO-1132E
Example 3
1
2
3
4
5
Example 4

HFO-1132E
mass %
—
100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %

0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40

(WCF)

GWP
—
2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06

pressure

Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

flammable

(WCF)

TABLE 38

Com-

parative

Com-
Com-

Com-
Com-
Com-
Example

parative
parative

parative
parative
parative
10

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
HFO-

Item
Unit
5
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
1123

HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0

(WCF)

HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100

(WCF)

GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COP ratio
% (relative
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39

pressure

Leakage test
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
—

conditions (WCFF)
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid

phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase

side
side
side
side
side
side
side
side

HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38
—

(WCFF)

HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62

(WCFF)

Burning
cm/sec
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
5

velocity

(WCF)

Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or less
8 or less

velocity

(WCFF)

ASHRAE

2
2
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L

flammability

classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),

point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),

point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0) or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);

if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),

point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),

point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or

if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),

point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),

point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 1

Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7

HFO-1123
Mass %

0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %

31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4

R32
Mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
2088
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

COP ratio
% (relative
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 40

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 2

Item
Unit
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2

R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 41

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21
Ex. 3

Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4

R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

GWP
—
77
77
76
76
77
76
77

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 42

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 4

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6

R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
99
100
99
100

COP ratio
% (relative
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 43

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 27
Ex. 28
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
Ex. 5

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0

R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3

R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2

GWP
—
125
125
124
125
124
125

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 44

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35
Ex. 36
Ex. 6

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4

R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
149
150
149
150

COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 45

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 37
Ex. 38
Ex. 39
Ex. 40
Ex. 41
Ex. 42

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5

R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7

GWP
—
182
182
181
182
181
182

COP ratio
% (relative
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 46

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
198
199
198
200

COP ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 47

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 49
Ex. 50
Ex. 51
Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8

R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7

GWP
—
250
250
248
249
248
250

COP ratio
% (relative
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 48

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57
Ex. 58
Ex. 59
Ex. 60

Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
300
300
298
299
298
299

COP ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 49

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex. 61
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64
Ex. 65

Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0

R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8

R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8

GWP
—
325
323
324
323
324

COP ratio
% (relative
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 50

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 66
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 51

Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex.16
Ex. 17
Ex. 67
Ex. 18
Ex. 19
Ex. 20

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 52

Item
Unit
Ex. 21
Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 27
Ex. 28

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0

TABLE 53

Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
68
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 54

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
36
37
38
39
69
40
41
42

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 55

Item
Unit
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 49
Ex. 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2

TABLE 56

Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
70
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 57

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
58
59
60
61
71
62
63
64

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 58

Item
Unit
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 69
Ex. 70
Ex. 71
Ex. 72

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1

TABLE 59

Item
Unit
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
Ex. 80

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1

TABLE 60

Item
Unit
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1

TABLE 61

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 62

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 80
Ex. 81
Ex. 82

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1

GWP
—
50
50
50

COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.5
99.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
82.9
82.3
81.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 63

Item
Unit
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8

Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A)
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3

TABLE 64

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
97
83
98
99
100
101
102
103

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 65

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
104
105
106
84
107
108
109
110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 66

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
85
116
117

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 67

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3

ratio
R410A)

TABLE 68

Item
Unit
Ex. 125
Ex. 126
Ex. 127
Ex. 128
Ex. 129
Ex. 130
Ex. 131
Ex. 32

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 69

Item
Unit
Ex. 133
Comp. Ex. 87
Ex. 134
Ex. 135
Ex. 136
Ex. 137
Ex. 138
Ex. 139

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 70

Item
Unit
Ex. 140
Ex. 141
Ex. 142
Ex. 143
Ex. 144
Ex. 145
Ex. 146
Ex. 147

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 71

Item
Unit
Ex. 148
Ex. 149
Ex. 150
Ex. 151
Ex. 152
Ex. 153
Ex. 154
Ex. 155

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 72

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 156
Ex. 157
Ex. 158
Ex. 159
Ex. 160
88
89
90

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 73

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
91
92
93
94
95

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5

GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100

COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 74

Item
Unit
Ex. 161
Ex. 162
Ex. 163
Ex. 164
Ex. 165
Ex. 166
Ex. 167
Ex. 168

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 75

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
96
Ex. 169
Ex. 170
Ex. 171
Ex. 172
Ex. 173
Ex. 174
Ex. 175

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 76

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 176
97
Ex. 177
Ex. 178
Ex. 179
Ex. 180
Ex. 181
Ex. 182

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 77

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 183
Ex. 184
98
Ex. 185
Ex. 186
Ex. 187
Ex. 188
Ex. 189

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 78

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 190
Ex. 191
Ex. 192
99
Ex. 193
Ex. 194
Ex. 195
Ex. 196

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149

COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 79

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 197
Ex. 198
Ex. 199
Ex. 200
100
Ex. 201
Ex. 202
Ex. 203

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 80

Item
Unit
Ex. 204
Ex. 205
Ex. 206
Ex. 207
Ex. 208
Ex. 209
Ex. 210
Ex. 211

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 81

Item
Unit
Ex. 212
Ex. 213
Ex. 214
Ex. 215
Ex. 216
Ex. 217
Ex. 218
Ex. 219

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 82

Comp.

Ex.

Item
Unit
Ex. 220
Ex. 221
Ex. 222
Ex. 223
Ex. 224
Ex. 225
Ex. 226
101

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 83

Comp.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 104

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1

R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9

GWP
—
150
150
150

COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
100.0
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
84.1
83.8
83.4

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 84

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
105

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 85

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
106

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 86

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
107

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 87

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Unit
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
108

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 88

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to

capacity
R410A)
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7

ratio

TABLE 89

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7

R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 90

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 91

Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Comp.

Item
Unit
279
280
Ex. 109
Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0

R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3

GWP
—
200
200
200
200

COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 92

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
281
282
283
284
285
111
286
287

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9

R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299

%
(relative to

COP ratio
R410A)
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2

Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 93

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
288
289
290
112
291
292
293
294

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9

R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 94

Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
295
113
296
297
298
299
300
301

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 95

Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Item
Unit
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0

R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1

GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299

COP ratio
% (relative to
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1

capacity
R410A)

ratio

TABLE 96

Ex.

Item
Unit
400

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0

HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0

R32
Mass %
44.1

GWP
—
299

COP ratio
% (relative
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);

if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a²1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C.

In FIG. 4, point D′ (0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item

6
13
19
24
29
34

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 98

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
39
45
51
57
62

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 99

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
7
14
20
25
30
35

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 100

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
40
46
52
58
63

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4

HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8

R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 101

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
Comp. Ex. 8
15
21
26
31
36

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

Leak condition that results
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

in WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase

side
side
side
side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0

(E)

HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5

R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 102

Item
Comp. Ex. 41
Comp. Ex. 47
Comp. Ex. 53
Comp. Ex. 59
Comp. Ex. 64

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9

%

HFO-1123
Mass
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3

%

R1234yf
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

%

R32
Mass
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

%

Leak condition that results in
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%
92%
92%
90%
86%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

liquid phase
liquid phase
liquid phase
gas phase side
gas phase side

side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5

%

HFO-1123
Mass
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7

%

R1234yf
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

%

R32
Mass
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8

%

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8.3
9.3
9.6

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 103

Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.

Item
9
16
22
27
32
37

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8

%

HFO-1123
Mass
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4

%

R1234yf
Mass
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9

%

R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9

%

Leak condition that results in
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/

WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
92%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
liquid
gas phase
gas phase

side
side
side
phase side
side
side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1

%

HFO-1123
Mass
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4

%

R1234yf
Mass
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7

%

R32
Mass
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8

%

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

TABLE 104

Item
Comp. Ex. 42
Comp. Ex. 48
Comp. Ex. 54
Comp. Ex. 60
Comp. Ex. 65

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4

%

HFO-1123
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

%

R1234yf
Mass
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8

%

R32
Mass
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8

%

Leak condition that results in
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping
Storage/Shipping

WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side
gas phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1

%

HFO-1123
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

%

R1234yf
Mass
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2

%

R32
Mass
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7

%

Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098,0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a+ 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.026a²+ 0..7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0..6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

R1234yf

Approximate
0
0

expression

TABLE 106

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0
0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.026a²+ 0.7478a + 28.0
−0.02a²+ 0.6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986
0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a²+ 0.0082a + 36.098

Approximate

expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1

HFO-1123
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a²− 0.9645a + 47.1
0.0243a²− 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a²− 1.4476a + 50.184

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0049a²− 0.0355a + 52.9
−0.0243a²+ 0.4161a + 50.275
−0.0246a²+ 0.4476a + 49.816

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
28.9

HFO-1123
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3

R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a²− 1.1399a + 46.493
−0.0134a²+ 1.0956a + 7.13

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0183a²+ 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a²− 2.0956a + 92.87

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0
0

Approximate

expression

TABLE 108

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8

HFO-1123
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0

R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5

R32
x
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
0.0514a²− 2.4353a + 61.7
0.0341a²− 2.1977a + 61.187
0.0196a²− 1.7863a + 58.515

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
−0.0323a²+ 0.4122a + 5.9
−0.0236a²+ 0.34a + 5.636
−0.0079a²− 0.1136a + 8.702

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0191a²+ 1.0231a + 32.4
−0.0105a²+ 0.8577a + 33.177
−0.0117a²+ 0.8999a + 32.783

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8

R32
x
x

HFO-1132(E)
−0.0051a²+ 0.0929a + 25.95
−1.892a + 29.443

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0.0051a²− 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557

Approximate

expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a²− 1.9681a + 68.6
0.0112a²− 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a²− 1.9142a + 68.305

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0134a²+ 0.9681a + 31.4
−0.0112a²+ 0.9337a +31.516
−0.0107a²+ 0.9142a + 31.695

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0

HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0

R1234yf
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0.0103a²− 1.9225a + 68.793
0.0085a²− 1.8102a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0
0

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0103a²+ 0.9225a + 31..207
−0.0085a²+ 0.8102a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9

R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4

R32
a
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0144a²− 1.6377a + 58.7
0.0075a²− 1.5156a + 58.199
0.009a²− 1.6045a + 59.318

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0144a²+ 0.6377a + 41.3
−0.0075a²+ 0.5156a + 41.801
−0.009a²+ 0.6045a + 40.682

Approximate

expression

Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0

HFO-1123
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0

R1234yf
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2

R32
a
a

HFO-1132(E)
0
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0046a²− 1.41a + 57.286
0.0012a²− 1.1659a + 52.95

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0046a²+ 0.41a + 42.714
−0.0012a²+ 0.1659a + 47.05

Approximate

expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0

HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9

R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
0

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6

Approximate

expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112

Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32
0
7.1
11.1

HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0

HFO-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9

R1234yf
0
0
0

R32
a

HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9

Approximate

expression

HFO-1123
0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1

Approximate

expression

R1234yf
0

Approximate

expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),

point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),

point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and

point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and

point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

TABLE 113

Comparative

Example

Example

Example

Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16

Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L

WCF
HFO-
Mass %
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9

1132

(E)

R32
Mass %
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCF)

TABLE 114

Comparative

Example

Example

Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example

Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8

Leak condition that
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

results in WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

0% release,
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

on the gas
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on

phase side
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9

(E)

R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0

Burning Velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

(WCF)

Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

(WCFF)

TABLE 115

Example

Example

23
Example
25

Item

Unit
O
24
P

WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5

HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

Shipping, −40° C.,
Shipping, −40° C.,
Shipping, −40° C.,

0% release, on
0% release, on
0% release, on

the gas phase side
the gas phase side
the gas phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1

HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4

R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5

Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning Velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0

R32
Mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5

R1234yf
Mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5

GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
350

COP Ratio
%(relative to
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
%(relative to
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 117

Comparative

Comparative

Example 8
Comparative
Example 10

Example 2

Example 4

Item
Unit
C
Example 9
C′
Example 1
R
Example 3
T

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6

R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8

GWP
—
1
69
125
188
250
300
350

COP Ratio
%(relative to
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
%(relative to
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 118

Comparative

Comparative

Example 11

Example 6

Example 8
Example 12

Example 10

Item
Unit
E
Example 5
N
Example 7
U
G
Example 9
V

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1

R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9

GWP
—
2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125

COP Ratio
%(relative to
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
%(relative to
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 119

Comparative

Example 13

Example 12

Example 14
Example
Example 16
Example 17

Item
Unit
I
Example 11
J
Example 13
K
15
L
Q

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6

R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0

R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4

GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 120

Comparative

Example 14

Example 19

Example 21

Item
Unit
M
Example 18
W
Example 20
N
Example 22

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5

R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6

R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9

GWP
—
2
36
70
100
125
188

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 121

Example

Example
Example

23
Example
25
26

Item
Unit
O
24
P
S

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9

R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7

R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4

GWP
—
250
300
350
270

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 122

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
27
Example 28
Example 19
Example 20

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

GWP
—
37
37
37
36
36
36
36
35

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 123

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
Example 29
Example 23
30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69

COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 124

Comparative

Comparative
Example

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 31
Example 28
32
Example 33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0

GWP
—
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102

COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9

R410A)

Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2

Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 125

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0

R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0

GWP
—
138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171

COP Ratio
% (relative
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 126

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 35

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0

R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0

GWP
—
171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 127

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 50

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0

GWP
—
204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 128

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0

R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0

R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0

GWP
—
237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 129

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 40
Example 41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 42
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

GWP
—
305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 130

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0

R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0

GWP
—
373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22

COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 131

Item
Unit
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0

R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0

GWP
—
43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1
99.9

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 132

Item
Unit
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0

R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0

R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0

GWP
—
63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 133

Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0

GWP
—
83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103

COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 134

Item
Unit
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0

R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0

R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0

GWP
—
124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23

COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0

Capacity Ratio
R410A)

TABLE 135

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0

R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0

GWP
—
23
23
43
43
43
64
64
63

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 136

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0

GWP
—
84
84
84
84
104
104
104
104

COP Ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 137

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0

R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0

R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0

GWP
—
104
124
124
124
124
124
124
144

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 138

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110

HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0

R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0

R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0

GWP
—
164
164
185
185
184
205
205
205

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 139

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118

HFO-1132(E)
Mass%
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0

R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0

R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0

GWP
—
205
225
225
225
225
225
245
245

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 140

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0

R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0

R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0

GWP

245
245
245
170
191
211
211
231

COP Ratio
% (relative

to R410A)
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9

Refrigerating
% (relative
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 141

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0

R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0

GWP

231
231
252
251
251
251
272
272

COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 142

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0

R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0

R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0

GWP

272
271
292
292
292
292
292
312

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 143

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0

R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0

GWP

312
312
312
312
332
332
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3

Capacity
to R410A)

Ratio

TABLE 144

Example
Example

Item
Unit
151
152

HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0

R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0

R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0

GWP
—
332
332

COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.1

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
99.8
101.3

Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and

the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),

the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),

the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),

point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

the line segment cd is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

(Examples of Refrigerant E)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145

Item
Unit
I
J
K
L

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
35.5

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10

TABLE 146

Item
Unit
M
N
T
P
U
Q

WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
34.8
31.8
28.7
28.6

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
51.0
49.8
41.2
34.4

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
30.1
37.0

Leak condition that results in
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,

WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,

−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,

92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,

release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,

on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid

phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side

WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
58.9
51.5
44.6
31.4
27.1

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.4
33.1
32.6
23.2
18.3

R32
mass %
0.0
8.7
15.4
22.8
45.4
54.6

Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less

Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and

point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), and

the line segment KL is represented by coordinates (0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).

Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).

For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5K

Degree of subcooling: 5K

Compressor efficiency: 70% Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 147

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7

Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0

R32
mass %

9.5
9.5
18.4
18.4
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
2088
65
65
125
125
250
250

COP ratio
%
100
99.1
92.0
98.7
93.4
98.7
96.1

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
100
102.2
111.6
105.3
113.7
110.0
115.4

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 148

Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Comparative

Example

8
9
Example
Example 1

11

Item
Unit
O
C
10
U
Example 2
D

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
100.0
50.0
41.1
28.7
15.2
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
31.6
34.6
41.2
52.7
67.0

R32
mass %
0.0
18.4
24.3
30.1
32.1
33.0

GWP
—
1
125
165
204
217
228

COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
98.3
109.9
111.7
113.5
114.8
115.4

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

TABLE 149

Comparative

Comparative

Example 12
Comparative
Example 3
Example 4
Example 14

Item
Unit
E
Example 13
T
S
F

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
53.4
43.4
34.8
25.4
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
46.6
47.1
51.0
56.2
74.1

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
25.9

GWP
—
1
65
97
125
176

COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
109.2
110.8
112.3
114.8

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 150

Comparative

Comparative

Example 15

Example 6

Example 16

Item
Unit
G
Example 5
R
Example 7
H

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.5
31.5
23.1
16.9
0.0

HFO-1123
mass %
61.5
63.5
67.4
71.1
84.2

R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
9.5
12.0
15.8

GWP
—
1
35
65
82
107

COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.0
109.1
110.9
111.9
113.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 151

Comparative

Example

Comparative

17
Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
Example 19

Item
Unit
I
J
K
Example 18
L

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
41.1
35.5

HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.5

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
27.7
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
188
250

COP ratio
% (relative to
96.6
95.8
95.9
96.4
97.1

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.1
107.4
110.1
112.1
113.2

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 152

Comparative
Example
Example
Example

Example 20
10
11
12

Item
Unit
M
N
P
Q

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
31.8
28.6

HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
49.8
34.4

R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0

GWP
—
1
65
125
250

COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.1
94.7
96.9

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
109.7
112.0
114.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 153

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
22
23
24
14
15
16
25
26

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0

HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

GWP
—
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

COP ratio
%
91.7
92.2
92.9
93.7
94.6
95.6
96.7
97.7

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
110.1
109.8
109.2
108.4
107.4
106.1
104.7
103.1

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 154

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
27
28
29
17
18
19
30
31

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
90.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0

R32
mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

GWP
—
35
68
68
68
68
68
68
68

COP ratio
%
98.8
92.4
92.9
93.5
94.3
95.1
96.1
97.0

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
101.4
111.7
111.3
110.6
109.6
108.5
107.2
105.7

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 155

Comparative

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
32
20
21
22
23
24
33
34

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
10.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0

R32
mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0

GWP
—
68
102
102
102
102
102
102
102

COP ratio
%
98.0
93.1
93.6
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.5
97.4

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
104.1
112.9
112.4
111.6
110.6
109.4
108.1
106.6

capacity
(relative

ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 156

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0

GWP
—
102
136
136
136
136
136
136
136

COP ratio
%
98.3
93.9
94.3
94.8
95.4
96.2
97.0
97.8

(relative

to R410A)

Refrigerating
%
105.0
113.8
113.2
112.4
111.4
110.2
108.8
107.3

capacity
(relative

ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 157

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0

HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0

R32
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0

GWP
—
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
203

COP ratio
%
94.6
94.9
95.4
96.0
96.7
97.4
98.2
95.3

(relative

to

R410A)

Refrigerating
%
114.4
113.8
113.0
111.9
110.7
109.4
107.9
114.8

capacity
(relative

ratio
to

R410A)

TABLE 158

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
25
26
56

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0

R32
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
203
203
203
203
203
237
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
96.0
96.6
97.2
97.9
96.0
96.3
96.6

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.2
113.4
112.4
111.2
109.8
115.1
114.5
113.6

capacity
to R410A)

ratio

TABLE 159

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

HFO-1123
mass %
25.0
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
271
271
271
271
271

COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.7
98.3
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.2

R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.6
111.5
110.2
115.1
114.6
113.8
112.8
111.7

capacity ratio
R410A)

TABLE 160

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0

HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0

R32
mass %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

GWP
—
14
14
14
14
28
28
28
28

COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
107.5
107.3
107.2
108.6
108.4
108.2
108.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 161

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
27.0

HFO-1123
mass %
53.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
65.0

R32
mass %
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0

GWP
—
28
41
41
41
41
41
41
55

COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
93.1
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.9
93.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
107.8
109.5
109.3
109.1
109.0
108.8
108.6
110.3

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 162

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
32.0
32.0

HFO-1123
mass %
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
51.0
50.0

R32
mass %
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
17.0
18.0

GWP
—
55
55
55
55
55
55
116
122

COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.6
93.8
94.0
94.5
94.7

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
110.0
109.8
109.6
109.5
109.3
111.8
111.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 163

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
27.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
13.0

HFO-1123
mass %
52.0
42.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
54.0
52.0

R32
mass %
18.0
31.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
35.0

GWP
—
122
210
223
223
223
223
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.0
96.0

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
112.1
113.7
114.3
114.2
114.0
113.8
115.0
114.9

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 164

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
52.0

R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
237
237
237
237
237
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.5
96.2

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
114.1
113.9
115.1

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 165

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
13.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0

HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0

R32
mass %
37.0
37.0
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

GWP
—
250
250
250
237
237
237
237
237

COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
115.0
114.9
114.7
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2

capacity ratio
to R410A)

TABLE 166

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

Item
Unit
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
27.0
11.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0

HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0

R32
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0

GWP
—
237
237
250
250
250
250
250
250

COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.5
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.6
96.7
96.8

to R410A)

Refrigerating
% (relative
114.1
113.9
115.1
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.1
114.0

capacity ratio
to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %,a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and

point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).

The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and

point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z²−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).

The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and

point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),

or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.

In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).

The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) Configuration of Air Conditioner 1

FIG. 16 is a refrigeration circuit diagram of an air conditioner 1 in which a compressor 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is utilized. The air conditioner 1 is a refrigeration cycle apparatus provided with the compressor 100. As examples of the air conditioner 1 in which the compressor 100 is employed, an “air conditioner dedicated to cooling-operation”, an “air conditioner dedicated to heating-operation”, an “air conditioner switchable between cooling operation and heating operation by using a four-way switching valve”, and the like are presented. Here, description will be provided using the “air conditioner switchable between cooling operation and heating operation by using a four-way switching valve”.

Referring to FIG. 16, the air conditioner 1 is provided with an indoor unit 2 and an outdoor unit 3. The indoor unit 2 and the outdoor unit 3 are connected to each other by a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4 and a gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5. As illustrated in FIG. 16, the air conditioner 1 is of a pair-type having the indoor unit 2 and the outdoor unit 3 one each. The air conditioner 1 is, however, not limited thereto and may be of a multi-type having a plurality of the indoor units 2.

In the air conditioner 1, devices, such as an accumulator 15, the compressor 100, a four-way switching valve 16, an outdoor heat exchanger 17, an expansion valve 18, and an indoor heat exchanger 13, are connected together by pipes, thereby constituting a refrigerant circuit 11.

In the present embodiment, a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle is packed in the refrigerant circuit 11. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and, as the refrigerant, any one of the aforementioned refrigerants A to E is usable. A refrigerating machine oil is also packed together with the mixed refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 11.

(6-1) Indoor Unit 2

The indoor heat exchanger 13 to be loaded in the indoor unit 2 is a cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger constituted by a heat transfer tube and a large number of heat transfer fins. The indoor heat exchanger 13 is connected at the liquid side thereof to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4 and connected at the gas side thereof to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5, and the indoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a refrigerant evaporator during cooling operation.

(6-2) Outdoor unit 3

The outdoor unit 3 is loaded with the accumulator 15, the compressor 100, the outdoor heat exchanger 17, and the expansion valve 18.

(6-2-1) Outdoor Heat Exchanger 17

The outdoor heat exchanger 17 is a cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger constituted by a heat transfer tube and a large number of heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 17 is connected at one end thereof to the side of a discharge pipe 24 in which a refrigerant discharged from the compressor 100 flows and connected at the other end thereof to the side of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4. The outdoor heat exchanger 17 functions as a condenser for a gas refrigerant supplied from the compressor 100 through the discharge pipe 24.

(6-2-2) Expansion Valve 18

The expansion valve 18 is disposed in a pipe that connects the outdoor heat exchanger 17 and the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4 to each other. The expansion valve 18 is an opening-degree adjustable electric valve for adjusting the pressure and the flow rate of a refrigerant that flows in the pipe.

(6-2-3) Accumulator 15

The accumulator 15 is disposed in a pipe that connects the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and a suction pipe 23 of the compressor 100 to each other. The accumulator 15 separates, into a gas phase and a liquid phase, a refrigerant that flows from the indoor heat exchanger 13 toward the suction pipe 23 through the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5 to prevent a liquid refrigerant from being supplied into the compressor 100. The compressor 100 is supplied with a gas-phase refrigerant accumulated in an upper space of the accumulator 15.

(6-2-4) Compressor 100

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compressor 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The compressor 100 in FIG. 17 is a scroll compressor. The compressor 100 compresses a refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 23 in a compression chamber Sc and discharges the compressed refrigerant through the discharge pipe 24. Regarding the compressor 100, details will be described in the section of “(7) Configuration of Compressor 100”.

(6-2-5) Four-way Switching Valve 16

The four-way switching valve 16 has first to fourth ports. The four-way switching valve 16 is connected at the first port thereof to the discharge side of the compressor 100, connected at the second port thereof to the suction side of the compressor 100, connected at the third port thereof to the gas-side end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 17, and connected at the fourth port thereof to a gas-side shutoff valve Vg.

The four-way switching valve 16 is switchable between a first state (the state indicated by the solid lines in FIG. 1) and a second state (the state indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 1). In the four-way switching valve 16 in the first state, the first port and the third port are in communication with each other, and the second port and the fourth port are in communication with each other. In the four-way switching valve 16 in the second state, the first port and the fourth port are in communication with each other, and the second port and the third port are in communication with each other.

(7) Configuration of Compressor 100

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the compressor 100 is provided with a casing 20, a motor 70, a crank shaft 80, a lower bearing 90, and a compression mechanism 60 including a fixed scroll 30.

Hereinafter, expressions such as “up”, “down”, and the like are sometimes used to describe positional relations and the like of constituent members. Here, the direction of the arrow U in FIG. 17 is referred to as up, and the direction opposite the direction of the arrow U is referred to as down. In addition, expressions such as “perpendicular”, “horizontal”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, and the like are sometimes used, and the up-down direction corresponds to the perpendicular direction and the longitudinal direction.

(7-1) Casing 20

The compressor 100 has the casing 20 that has a longitudinally elongated cylindrical shape. The casing 20 has a substantially cylindrical cylinder member 21 that opens upward and downward, and an upper cover 22a and a lower cover 22b that are disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder member 21, respectively. The upper cover 22a and the lower cover 22b are fixed to the cylinder member 21 by welding to maintain airtightness.

The casing 20 accommodates constituent devices of the compressor 100, including the compression mechanism 60, the motor 70, the crank shaft 80, and the lower bearing 90. An oil reservoir space So is formed in a lower portion of the casing 20. The oil reservoir space So stores a refrigerating machine oil O for lubricating the compression mechanism 60 and the like. The refrigerating machine oil O is the refrigerating machine oil described in the section of “(4-1) Refrigerating Machine Oil”.

At an upper portion of the casing 20, the suction pipe 23 through which a gas refrigerant is sucked and through which the gas refrigerant is supplied to the compression mechanism 60 is disposed so as to pass through the upper cover 22a. The lower end of the suction pipe 23 is connected to the fixed scroll 30 of the compression mechanism 60. The suction pipe 23 is in communication with the compression chamber Sc of the compression mechanism 60. In the suction pipe 23, a low-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle before compression by the compressor 100 flows.

An intermediate portion of the cylinder member 21 of the casing 20 is provided with the discharge pipe 24 through which a refrigerant to be discharged to the outside of the casing 20 passes. Specifically, the discharge pipe 24 is disposed such that an end portion of the discharge pipe 24 in the inner portion of the casing 20 projects in a high-pressure space S formed below a housing 61 of the compression mechanism 60. In the discharge pipe 24, a high-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle after compression by the compression mechanism 60 flows.

(7-2) Compression Mechanism 60

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the compression mechanism 60 has, mainly, the housing 61, the fixed scroll 30 disposed above the housing 61, and a movable scroll 40 that forms the compression chamber Sc by being combined with the fixed scroll 30.

(7-2-1) Fixed Scroll 30

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the fixed scroll 30 includes a flat fixed-side end plate 32, a spiral fixed-side lap 33 projecting from the front surface (lower surface in FIG. 17) of the fixed-side end plate 32, and an outer edge portion 34 surrounding the fixed-side lap 33.

At a center portion of the fixed-side end plate 32, a noncircular discharge port 32a in communication with the compression chamber Sc of the compression mechanism 60 is formed so as to pass through the fixed-side end plate 32 in the thickness direction. The refrigerant compressed in the compression chamber Sc is discharged through the discharge port 32a and flows into the high-pressure space S1 by passing through a refrigerant passage (not illustrated) formed in the fixed scroll 30 and the housing 61.

(7-2-2) Movable Scroll 40

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the movable scroll 40 has a flat movable-side end plate 41, a spiral movable-side lap 42 projecting from the front surface (upper surface in FIG. 17) of the movable-side end plate 41, and a cylindrical boss portion 43 projecting from the back surface (lower surface in FIG. 17) of the movable-side end plate 41.

The fixed-side lap 33 of the fixed scroll 30 and the movable-side lap 42 of the movable scroll 40 are combined together with the lower surface of the fixed-side end plate 32 and the upper surface of the movable-side end plate 41 facing each other. The compression chamber Sc is formed between the fixed-side lap 33 and the movable-side lap 42 that are adjacent to each other. The volume of the compression chamber Sc is periodically changed by the movable scroll 40 revolving with respect to the fixed scroll 30, as described later, thereby causing the compression mechanism 60 to suck, compress, and discharge the refrigerant.

The boss portion 43 is a cylindrical portion closed at the upper end thereof. The movable scroll 40 and the crank shaft 80 are coupled to each other by an eccentric portion 81 of the crank shaft 80 inserted into a hollow portion of the boss portion 43. The boss portion 43 is disposed in an eccentric portion space 62 formed between the movable scroll 40 and the housing 61. The eccentric portion space 62 is in communication with the high-pressure space S via an oil supply path 83 and the like of the crank shaft 80, and a high pressure acts on the eccentric portion space 62. Due to this pressure, the lower surface of the movable-side end plate 41 inside the eccentric portion space 62 is pressed upward toward the fixed scroll 30. Due to this force, the movable scroll 40 becomes in close contact with the fixed scroll 30.

The movable scroll 40 is supported by the housing 61 via an oldham coupling (not illustrated). The oldham coupling is a member that prevents the rotation of the movable scroll 40 and causes the movable scroll 40 to revolve. Due to the use of the oldham coupling, when the crank shaft 80 rotates, the movable scroll 40 coupled to the crank shaft 80 in the boss portion 43 revolves with respect to the fixed scroll 30 without rotating, and the refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed.

(7-2-3) Housing 61

The housing 61 is press-fitted into the cylinder member 21 and fixed at the entirety of the outer circumferential surface thereof in the circumferential direction to the cylinder member 21. The housing 61 and the fixed scroll 30 are fixed to each other by a bolt and the like (not illustrated) such that the upper end surface of the housing 61 and the lower surface of the outer edge portion 34 of the fixed scroll 30 are in close contact with each other.

The housing 61 has a concave portion 61a disposed to be recessed in a center portion of the upper surface thereof and a bearing portion 61b disposed below the concave portion 61a.

The concave portion 61a surrounds the side surface of the eccentric portion space 62 in which the boss portion 43 of the movable scroll 40 is disposed.

On the bearing portion 61b, the bearing 63 that supports a main shaft 82 of the crank shaft 80 is disposed. The bearing 63 rotatably supports the main shaft 82 inserted into the bearing 63.

(7-3) Motor 70

The motor 70 has an annular stator 72 fixed to the inner wall surface of the cylinder member 21 and a rotor 71 rotatably accommodated inside the stator 72 with a slight gap (air gap) therebetween.

The rotor 71 is coupled to the movable scroll 40 via the crank shaft 80 disposed to extend in the up-down direction along the axis of the cylinder member 21. In response to the rotor 71 rotating, the movable scroll 40 revolves with respect to the fixed scroll 30.

Details of the motor 70 will be described in the section of “(9) Configuration of Motor 70”.

(7-4) Crank Shaft 80

The crank shaft 80 transmits the driving force of the motor 70 to the movable scroll 40. The crankshaft 80 is disposed to extend in the up-down direction along the axis of the cylinder member 21 and couples the rotor 71 of the motor 70 and the movable scroll 40 of the compression mechanism 60 to each other.

The crank shaft 80 has the main shaft 82 having a center axis coincident with the axis of the cylinder member 21, and the eccentric portion 81 eccentric with respect to the axis of the cylinder member 21. The eccentric portion 81 is inserted into the boss portion 43 of the movable scroll 40.

The main shaft 82 is rotatably supported by the bearing 63 on the bearing portion 61b of the housing 61 and the lower bearing 90. The main shaft 82 is coupled between the bearing portion 61b and the lower bearing 90 to the rotor 71 of the motor 70.

In the inner portion of the crank shaft 80, the oil supply path 83 for supplying the refrigerating machine oil O to the compression mechanism 60 and the like is formed. The lower end of the main shaft 82 is positioned in the oil reservoir space So formed in a lower portion of the casing 20. The refrigerating machine oil O in the oil reservoir space So is supplied to the compression mechanism 60 and the like through the oil supply path 83.

(7-5) Lower Bearing 90

The lower bearing 90 is disposed below the motor 70. The lower bearing 90 is fixed to the cylinder member 21. The lower bearing 90 constitutes the bearing on the lower end side of the crank shaft 80 and rotatably supports the main shaft 82 of the crank shaft 80.

(8) Operation of Compressor 100

Operation of the compressor 100 will be described. When the motor 70 is started, the rotor 71 rotates with respect to the stator 72, and the crank shaft 80 fixed to the rotor 71 rotates. When the crank shaft 80 rotates, the movable scroll 40 coupled to the crank shaft 80 revolves with respect to the fixed scroll 30. Then, the low-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle is sucked into the compression chamber Sc from the peripheral edge side of the compression chamber Sc through the suction pipe 23. As a result of the movable scroll 40 revolving, the suction pipe 23 and the compression chamber Sc become not in communication with each other, and, in response to the decrease in the capacity of the compression chamber Sc, the pressure in the compression chamber Sc starts to increase.

The refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed in response to the decrease in the capacity of the compression chamber Sc and eventually becomes a high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged through the discharge port 32a positioned close to the center of the fixed-side end plate 32. After that, the high-pressure gas refrigerant passes through the refrigerant passage (not illustrated) formed in the fixed scroll 30 and the housing 61 and flows into the high-pressure space S1. The high-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle that has flowed into the high-pressure space S1 and that has been compressed by the compression mechanism 60 is discharged through the discharge pipe 24.

(9) Configuration of Motor 70

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the motor 70 sectioned along a plane perpendicular to the axis. FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the rotor 71 sectioned along a plane perpendicular to the axis. FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the rotor 71.

Note that illustration of the shaft coupled to the rotor 71 to transmit the rotational force to the outside is omitted in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20. The motor 70 in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20 is a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The motor 70 has the rotor 71 and the stator 72.

(9-1) Stator 72

The stator 72 is provided with a barrel portion 725 and a plurality of tooth portions 726. The barrel portion 725 has a substantially cylindrical shape having an inner circumferential diameter larger than the outer circumferential diameter of the rotor 71. The barrel portion 725 is formed by machining each of thin electromagnetic steel plates having a thickness of 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less integrally with the tooth portions 726 into a predetermined shape and laminating a predetermined number of the electromagnetic steel plates.

The plurality of tooth portions 726 project on the inner circumferential part of the barrel portion 725 in a form of being positioned at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction thereof. Each of the tooth portions 726 extends from the inner circumferential part of the barrel portion 725 toward the center in the radial direction of a circle centered on the axis and faces the rotor 71 with a predetermined gap.

The tooth portions 726 are magnetically coupled on the outer circumferential side via the barrel portion 725. A coil 727 is wound, as a coil, around each of the tooth portions 726 (only one of the coils 727 is illustrated in FIG. 18). Three-phase alternating current for generating a rotating magnetic field that rotates the rotor 71 is made to flow through the coils 727. The winding type of the coils 727 is not limited and may be wound with respect to the plurality of the tooth portions 726 in a concentrated form or in a distributed form.

The rotor 71 and the stator 72 are incorporated in the casing 20 and used as a rotary electric machine.

(9-2) Rotor 71

The rotor 71 has a substantially cylindrical external shape and has a center axis along which the main shaft 82 of the crank shaft 80 is coupled and fixed. The rotor 71 has a rotor core 710 and a plurality of permanent magnets 712. The rotor 71 is a magnet-embedded rotor in which the permanent magnets 712 are embedded in the rotor core 710.

(9-2-1) Rotor Core 710

The rotor core 710 is made of a magnetic material and has a substantially cylindrical shape. The rotor core 710 is formed by machining each of thin electromagnetic steel plates 711 having a thickness of 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less into a predetermined shape and laminating a predetermined number of the electromagnetic steel plates 711. The electromagnetic steel plates are desirably a plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates each having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more to improve the durability of the rotor during high-speed rotation.

A shaft insertion hole 719 for fixing the main shaft 82 (refer to FIG. 17) of the crank shaft 80 is formed along the center axis of the rotor core 710. In the rotor core 710, a plurality of magnet accommodation holes 713 are formed in the circumferential direction about the axis.

(9-2-1-1) Magnet Accommodation Hole 713

The magnet accommodation holes 713 are spaces each having a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is flat in a direction substantially orthogonal to the radial direction of the circle centered on the axis. The magnet accommodation holes 713 may be through holes or may be bottomed holes as long as having a shape that enables the permanent magnets 712 to be embedded therein.

As illustrated in FIG. 19, the magnet accommodation holes 713 are disposed such that two of any mutually adjacent magnet accommodation holes 713 form a substantially V-shape.

(9-2-1-2) Non-magnetic Space 714

A non-magnetic space 714 extends toward the outer circumferential side of the rotor core 710 by bending from each end portion of the magnet accommodation holes 713.

The non-magnetic space 714 has a function of causing, when a demagnetization field is generated, a magnetic flux due to the demagnetization field to avoid the permanent magnets 712 and easily pass through the non-magnetic space 714. Thus, prevention of demagnetization is also addressed by the non-magnetic space 714.

(9-2-1-3) Bridge 715

A bridge 715 is positioned radially outside the non-magnetic space 714 and couples magnetic poles to each other. The thickness of the bridge 715 is set to be 3 mm or more to improve durability during high-speed rotation.

The rotor 71 illustrated in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20 is an example, and the rotor is not limited thereto.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of another rotor 71 sectioned along a plane perpendicular to the axis. The rotor 71 in FIG. 21 differs from the rotor in FIG. 19 in terms of that pairs of mutually adjacent two magnet accommodation holes 713 are each disposed to form a V-shape in FIG. 21 while, in FIG. 19, mutually adjacent any two of the magnet accommodation holes are disposed to form a substantially V-shape.

Thus, in the rotor 71 of FIG. 21, the rotor core 710 is provided with eight magnet accommodation holes 713 each having a width narrower than that of the magnet accommodation holes illustrated in FIG. 19, pairs of mutually adjacent magnet accommodation holes 713 each form a V-shape, and four V-shapes are formed in total.

The bottom side of the V-shape formed by a pair of the magnet accommodation holes 713 forms one V-shaped non-magnetic space 714 as a result of two non-magnetic spaces connected to each other.

The non-magnetic space 714 on the outer side is formed on an end portion opposite to the bottom side of the magnet accommodation hole 713 and extends toward the outer circumferential side of the rotor core 710.

The breadth of the magnet accommodation holes 713 is small compared with those of the magnet accommodation holes illustrated in FIG. 19. Consequently, the breadth of the permanent magnets 712 is also small compared with those of the permanent magnets illustrated in FIG. 19.

Actions of the permanent magnets 712, the magnet accommodation holes 713, the non-magnetic spaces 714, and the bridges 715 illustrated in FIG. 21 are identical to the actions of those in illustrated in FIG. 19.

(9-2-2) Permanent Magnet 712

The permanent magnets 712 are neodymium rare-earth magnets containing Nd—Fe—B (neodymium-iron-boron). The coercive force of Nd—Fe—B-based magnets deteriorates by being affected by temperature. Thus, when a motor using Nd—Fe—B-based magnets is used in a compressor, the coercive force thereof decreases in high-temperature atmosphere (100° C. or higher) inside the compressor.

Therefore, the permanent magnets 712 are desirably formed by diffusing a heavy-rare-earth element (for example, dysprosium) along grain boundaries. In grain boundary diffusion in which a heavy-rare-earth element is diffused along grain boundaries, a sintered material is formed by sintering a predetermined composition, a heavy-rare-earth product is applied onto the sintered material, and then, the sintered material is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature lower than a sintering temperature, thereby manufacturing the permanent magnets 712.

According to the grain boundary diffusion, it is possible to reduce the addition amount of the heavy-rare-earth element and increase the coercive force. The permanent magnets 712 of the present embodiment each contain 1 mass % or less of dysprosium and thereby improve the holding force.

In the present embodiment, to improve demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets 712, the average crystal grain size of each permanent magnet 712 is 10 μm or less and desirably 5 μm or less.

The permanent magnets 712 each have a quadrangular plate shape having two major faces and a uniform thickness. The permanent magnets 712 are embedded one each in each magnet accommodation hole 713. As illustrated in FIG. 19 and FIG. 21, among the permanent magnets 712 embedded in respective magnet accommodation holes 713, two of any mutually adjacent permanent magnets 712 form a substantially V-shape.

The outward faces of the permanent magnets 712 are pole faces that cause the rotor core 710 to generate magnetic poles. The inward faces of the permanent magnets 712 are opposite pole faces opposite thereto. When the permanent magnets 712 are considered as parts that cause the stator 72 to generate magnetic poles, both end portions of the permanent magnets 712 in the circumferential direction are pole ends, and a center portion thereof in the circumferential direction is the magnetic pole center.

In the aforementioned orientation of the permanent magnets 712, both end portions of the permanent magnets 712 are in the vicinity of the end portions of the magnetic poles, and a portion close to the air gap is referred to as “proximity part 716”.

The proximity part 716 is a part positioned at the bottom portion of the V-shape. In the permanent magnet 712, an intermediate portion is closer than the proximity part 716 to a magnetic-pole-center portion, and a part that is distant from the air gap is referred to as “distant part 717”.

In the motor 70 of a concentrated winding-type in which the coils 727 are wound around respective tooth portions 726, magnetic fluxes generated by the coils 727 flow to the tooth portions 726 adjacent thereto at a shortest distance. Accordingly, a demagnetization field acts more strongly on the proximity parts 716 of the permanent magnets 712 in the vicinity of the surface of the rotor core 710. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the holding force of the proximity part 716 (part positioned at the bottom portion of the V-shape) is set to be higher than that of the other parts by {1/(4π)}×10³[A/m] or more, thereby suppressing demagnetization.

Thus, the demagnetization suppressing effect is large when the present embodiment is applied to the concentrated winding-type motor 70.

The thickness dimension of the permanent magnets 712 and the dimension of the magnet accommodation holes 713 in the thickness direction of the permanent magnets 712 are substantially identical to each other. Both major faces of the permanent magnets 712 are substantially in contact with the inner faces of the magnet accommodation holes 713. As a result, it is possible to reduce magnetic resistance between the permanent magnets 712 and the rotor core 710.

The “state in which both major faces of the permanent magnets 712 are substantially in contact with the inner faces of the magnet accommodation holes 713” includes a “state in which a minute gap of a size required to insert the permanent magnets 712 into the magnet accommodation holes 713 is generated between the permanent magnets 712 and the magnet accommodation holes 713”.

(10) Features

(10-1)

The compressor 100 is suitable for a variable capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of a motor can be changed because the motor 70 has the rotor 71 including the permanent magnets 712. In this case, in the air conditioner 1 that uses a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, the number of rotations can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-2)

The rotor 71 is a magnet-embedded rotor. In the magnet-embedded rotor, the permanent magnets 712 are embedded in the rotor 71.

(10-3)

The rotor 71 is formed by laminating a plurality of the electromagnetic steel plates 711 in the plate thickness direction. The thickness of each of the electromagnetic steel plates 711 is 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.

Generally, the thinner the plate thickness is made, the more the eddy-current loss can be reduced. The plate thickness is, however, desirably 0.05 to 0.5 mm considering that a plate thickness of less than 0.05 mm makes processing of the electromagnetic steel plates difficult and that it takes time for siliconizing from the steel plate surface and diffusing for optimizing Si distribution when the plate thickness is more than 0.5 mm.

(10-4)

The permanent magnets 712 are Nd—Fe—B-based magnets. As a result, the motor 70 capable of increasing a magnetic energy product is realized, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-5)

The permanent magnets 712 are formed by diffusing a heavy-rare-earth element along grain boundaries. As a result, the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets 712 is improved, and the holding force of the permanent magnets can be increased with a small amount of the heavy-rare-earth element, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-6)

The permanent magnets 712 each contain 1 mass % or less of dysprosium. As a result, the holding force of the permanent magnets 712 is improved, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-7)

The average crystal grain size of the permanent magnets 712 is 10 μm or less. As a result, the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets 712 is increased, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-8)

The permanent magnets 712 are flat, and a plurality of the permanent magnets 712 are embedded in the rotor 71 to form a V-shape. The holding force of the part positioned at the bottom portion of the V-shape is set to be higher than those of the other part by {1/(4π)}×10³[A/m] or more. As a result, demagnetization of the permanent magnets 712 is suppressed, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-9)

The rotor 71 is formed by laminating a plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates in the plate thickness direction, the plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates each having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more. As a result, durability of the rotor 71 during high-speed rotation is improved, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.

(10-10)

The thickness of the bridge 715 of the rotor 71 is 3 mm or more. As a result, durability of the rotor during high-speed rotation is improved, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

(11) Modifications

(11-1)

The rotor 71 may be formed by laminating a plurality of plate-shaped amorphous metals in the plate thickness direction. In this case, a high-efficient motor having a less iron loss is realized, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

(11-2)

The rotor 71 may be formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates each containing 5 mass % or more of silicon in the plate thickness direction. In this case, the electromagnetic steel plates in which hysteresis is reduced by containing a suitable amount of silicon realizes a high-efficient motor having a less iron loss, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.

(11-3)

In the aforementioned embodiment, the rotor 71 has been described as a magnet-embedded rotor but is not limited thereto. For example, the rotor may be a surface-magnet rotor in which permanent magnets are affixed to the surface of the rotor.

(12) Configuration of Compressor 300 According to Second Embodiment

In the first embodiment, a scroll compressor has been described as the compressor 100. The compressor is, however, not limited to the scroll compressor.

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compressor 300 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The compressor 300 in FIG. 22 is a rotary compressor. The compressor 300 constitutes a portion of a refrigerant circuit in which anyone of the aforementioned refrigerants A to E circulates. The compressor 300 compresses a refrigerant and discharges a high-pressure gas refrigerant. The arrows in FIG. 22 indicate the flow of the refrigerant.

(12-1) Casing 220

The compressor 300 has a longitudinally elongated cylindrical casing 220. The casing 220 has a substantially cylindrical cylinder member 221 that opens upward and downward, and an upper cover 222a and a lower cover 222b disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder member 221, respectively. The upper cover 222a and the lower cover 222b are fixed to the cylinder member 221 by welding to maintain airtightness.

The casing 220 accommodates constituent devices of the compressor 300, including a compression mechanism 260, a motor 270, a crank shaft 280, an upper bearing 263, and a lower bearing 290. The oil reservoir space So is formed in a lower portion of the casing 220.

In a lower portion of the casing 220, a suction pipe 223 through which a gas refrigerant is sucked and through which the gas refrigerant is supplied to the compression mechanism 260 is disposed to extend through a lower portion of the cylinder member 221. An end of the suction pipe 223 is connected to a cylinder 230 of the compression mechanism 260. The suction pipe 223 is in communication with the compression chamber Sc of the compression mechanism 260. In the suction pipe 223, a low-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle before compression by the compressor 300 flows.

The upper cover 222a of the casing 220 is provided with a discharge pipe 224 through which a refrigerant to be discharged to the outside of the casing 220 passes. Specifically, an end portion of the discharge pipe 224 in the inner portion of the casing 220 is disposed in the high-pressure space S1 formed above the motor 270. In the discharge pipe 224, a high-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle after compression by the compression mechanism 260 flows.

(12-2) Motor 270

The motor 270 has a stator 272 and a rotor 271. Except for being used in the compressor 300, which is a rotary compressor, the motor 270 is basically equivalent to the motor 70 of the first embodiment and exerts performance and actions/effects that are equivalent to those of the motor 70 of the first embodiment. Therefore, description of the motor 270 is omitted here.

(12-3) Crank Shaft 280, Upper Bearing 263, and Lower Bearing 290

The crankshaft 280 is fixed to the rotor 271. Further, the crankshaft 280 is supported by the upper bearing 263 and the lower bearing 290 to be rotatable about a rotation axis Rs. The crank shaft 280 has an eccentric portion 241.

(12-4) Compression Mechanism 260

The compression mechanism 260 has the single cylinder 230 and a single piston 242 disposed in the cylinder 230. The cylinder 230 has a predetermined capacity and is fixed to the casing 220.

The piston 242 is disposed on the eccentric portion 241 of the crank shaft 280. The cylinder 230 and the piston 242 define the compression chamber Sc. Rotation of the rotor 271 revolves the piston 242 via the eccentric portion 241. In response to the revolution, the capacity of the compression chamber Sc changes, thereby compressing a gaseous refrigerant.

Here, “the capacity of the cylinder” means so-called theoretical capacity and, in other words, corresponds to the volume of a gaseous refrigerant sucked into the cylinder 230 through the suction pipe 223 during one rotation of the piston 242.

(12-5) Oil Reservoir Space So

The oil reservoir space So is disposed in a lower portion of the casing 220. The oil reservoir space So stores the refrigerating machine oil O for lubricating the compression mechanism 260. The refrigerating machine oil O is the refrigerating machine oil described in the section of “(4-1) Refrigerating Machine Oil”.

(13) Operation of Compressor 300

Operation of the compressor 300 will be described. When the motor 270 is started, the rotor 271 rotates with respect to the stator 272, and the crank shaft 280 fixed to the rotor 271 rotates. When the crank shaft 280 rotates, the piston 242 coupled to the crank shaft 280 revolves with respect to the cylinder 230. Then, a low-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle is sucked into the compression chamber Sc through the suction pipe 223. As a result of the piston 242 revolving, the suction pipe 223 and the compression chamber Sc become not in communication with each other, and in response to the capacity of the compression chamber Sc decreasing, the pressure in the compression chamber Sc starts to increase.

The refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed in response to the capacity of the compression chamber Sc decreasing and eventually becomes a high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged through a discharge port 232a. Then, the high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged through the discharge pipe 224 disposed in the upper side of the casing 220 by passing through a gap between the stator 272 and the rotor 271 and other parts.

(14) Features of Second Embodiment

(14-1)

The compressor 300 employs the motor 270 equivalent to the motor 70 of the first embodiment and thus is suitable for a variable capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of the motor can be changed. In this case, it is possible in the air conditioner 1 that uses a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethyleneto to change the number of rotations of the motor in accordance with an air conditioning load, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 300.

(14-2)

By employing the motor 270 equivalent to the motor 70 of the first embodiment, the compressor 300 has the “features in (10-2) to (10-10)” of the “features (10)” of the first embodiment.

(14-3)

When using the compressor 300, which is a rotary compressor, as the compressor of the air conditioner 1, it is possible to reduce the packed amount of refrigerant compared with when using a scroll compressor. Thus, the compressor 300 is suitable for an air conditioner that uses a flammable refrigerant.

(15) Modification of Second Embodiment

Due to the compressor 300 employing the motor 270 equivalent to the motor 70 of the first embodiment, the modification is applicable to all described in “(11) Modifications” of the first embodiment.

(16) Other Embodiment

Regarding the form of the compressor, a screw compressor or a turbo compressor may be employed provided that a motor equivalent to the motor 70 is used.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that various changes in the form and the details are possible without deviating from the spirit and the scope of the present disclosure described in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

- 71 rotor
- 100 compressor
- 271 rotor
- 300 compressor
- 711 electromagnetic steel plate
- 712 permanent magnet
- 713 magnet accommodation hole (accommodation hole)
- 714 non-magnetic space
- 715 bridge

CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-124848

Number	Date	Country	Kind
2017-242183	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242185	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242186	Dec 2017	JP	national
2017-242187	Dec 2017	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/037483	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038746	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038747	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038748	Oct 2018	JP	national
PCT/JP2018/038749	Oct 2018	JP	national

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	16772986		US
Child	16913419		US

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Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (9)

Continuation in Parts (1)