The described embodiments relate generally to portable computing devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to enclosures of portable computing devices and methods of assembling portable computing devices.
The outward appearance of a portable computing device, including its design and its heft, is important to a user of the portable computing device, as the outward appearance contributes to the overall impression that the user has of the portable computing device. At the same time, the assembly of the portable computing device is also important to the user, as a durable assembly will help extend the overall life of the portable computing device and will increase its value to the user.
One design challenge associated with the portable computing device is the design of the enclosures used to house the various internal components. This design challenge generally arises from a number conflicting design goals that includes the desirability of making the enclosure lighter and thinner, the desirability of making the enclosure stronger and making the enclosure more aesthetically pleasing. The lighter enclosures, which typically use thinner plastic structures and fewer fasteners, tend to be more flexible and therefore they have a greater propensity to buckle and bow when used while the stronger and more rigid enclosures, which typically use thicker plastic structures and more fasteners, tend to be thicker and carry more weight. Unfortunately, increased weight may lead to user dissatisfaction, and bowing may damage the internal parts.
Furthermore, in most portable computing devices, the enclosures are mechanical assemblies having multiple parts that are screwed, bolted, riveted, or otherwise fastened together at discrete points. For example, the enclosures typically have included an upper casing and a lower casing that are placed on top of one another and fastened together using screws. These techniques typically complicate the housing design and create aesthetic difficulties because of undesirable cracks, seams, gaps or breaks at the mating surfaces and fasteners located along the surfaces of the housing. For example, a mating line surrounding the entire enclosure is produced when using an upper and lower casing. Not only that, but assembly is often a time consuming and cumbersome process. For example, the assembler has to spend a certain amount of time positioning the two parts and attaching each of the fasteners. Furthermore, assembly often requires the assembler to have special tools and some general technical skill.
Another challenge is in techniques for mounting structures within the portable computing devices. Conventionally, the structures have been laid over one of the casings (upper or lower) and attached to one of the casings with fasteners such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc. That is, the structures are positioned in a sandwich like manner in layers over the casing and thereafter fastened to the casing. This methodology suffers from the same drawbacks as mentioned above, i.e., assembly is a time consuming and cumbersome.
Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide a housing for a portable computing device that is aesthetically pleasing and lightweight, durable and yet environmentally friendly. It would also be beneficial to provide methods for assembling the portable computing device.
This paper describes various embodiments that relate to systems, methods, and apparatus for providing a lightweight, visually seamless housing suitable for use in portable computing applications.
A computing device is disclosed. The computing device includes at least a single piece, seamless housing formed of a lightweight, flexible material. The seamless housing includes a top portion on which is located at least one user interface and a body portion integrally formed with the top portion. The computing device also includes a movable top cover pivotally connected to the single piece seamless housing. In the described embodiment, the movable top cover and the seamless housing are shaped to create an appearance of a single continuous shape when the movable top cover is closed and in contact with the top portion.
A multi-part computer housing is disclosed. The multipart computer housing includes at least a structural support layer and a single, seamless body. The single seamless body having no visible fasteners. The body includes at least an outer layer formed of lightweight flexible material and an inner layer attached to the outer layer adapted to transfer and distribute a load applied to the computer housing. In the described embodiment, the inner layer is physically connected to the support layer such that the load applied to the computer housing is transferred from the inner layer to the support layer without substantially affecting the outer layer.
In one aspect, the multipart computer housing is a plastic such as PCABS.
In another embodiment, a method is disclosed for organizing internal components of a portable computer. The method can be carried out by performing at least the following: providing a computer housing formed of substantially non-load bearing material, the computer housing configured to enclose a plurality of operational components at least one of which is a load bearing operational component, attaching at least one structural member to an inside surface of the computer housing, attaching the load bearing operational component to the at least one structural member, and forming a load path by coupling a structural support layer to the at least one structural member and the load bearing operational component, the load path providing a path by which a load applied to the computer housing is transferred to the structural support layer without substantially affecting the computer housing.
In one aspect, at least a portion of the inner frame is formed of metal that includes at least aluminum, magnesium, or alloys thereof.
A portable computer is disclosed. The portable computer includes at least a housing formed of compliant non-load bearing material and having an aesthetically appealing shape and aesthetically appealing surface features. A load distributing and load transferring endoskeleton attached to an interior surface of the housing, a structural support layer mechanically coupled to the endoskeleton formed of metal and providing structural support for the portable computer and an electrical ground, such that load applied to the housing is passed by the endoskeleton to the structural support layer with substantially affecting the housing, a protective layer attached to an exterior surface of the structural support layer, the protective layer having an appearance in conformity with the housing, the protective layer forming a junction with the housing that protects the appearance of the housing. The portable computer also includes a top cover having a supporting inner frame, a display supported by the inner frame pivotally connected to the endoskeleton by way of a hinge arrangement and a hinge arrangement enclosure arranged to enclose the hinge arrangement. In the described embodiment, the hinge arrangement enclosure includes at least the following: a back portion being visible to a user when the top cover is in a close state integrally formed from the top cover, and a cover portion being removeably attached to the back portion by way of a zipper lock arrangement such that when the cover portion and the back portion are joined, a resulting seam is not visible by the user when the top cover is in a closed position, and where the resulting seam aligns with a seam formed by the protective layer and the housing when the top cover is in the open position.
A lightweight portable computer is also disclosed. The lightweight portable computer includes at least a housing body. The housing body, in turn, can include an outer layer and an inner layer attached to the outer layer. In the described embodiment, the outer layer can be formed of lightweight and aesthetically pleasing material. The portable computer can also include a structural support layer attached to the inner layer in such a way that the inner layer transfers a load applied to the portable computer to the structural support layer without substantially affecting the outer layer. The portable computer also includes a top portion having an inner frame pivotally connected to the housing body at the inner layer such that a top portion load is transferred by the inner frame to the structural support layer by way of the inner layer. The top portion having an aesthetically pleasing outer shell attached to the inner frame.
In one aspect, the portable computer also includes a protective layer attached on an exterior surface of the structural support layer. The top portion, the housing body, and the protective layer being harmoniously arranged such that the portable computer appears to have a continuous profile shape without any visible fasteners.
Other aspects and advantages of the described embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the described embodiments.
The embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims.
The following relates to a multi-part housing suitable for a portable computing device such as a laptop computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, etc. The multi-part housing can include a structural support layer. The structural support layer can be formed of a strong and durable yet lightweight material. Such materials can include composite materials and or metals such as aluminum. Aluminum has a number of characteristics that make it a good choice for the structural support layer. For example, aluminum is a good electrical conductor that can provide good electrical ground and it can be easily machined and has well known metallurgical characteristics. Furthermore, aluminum is not highly reactive and non-magnetic which can be an essential requirement if the portable computer has RF capabilities, such as WiFi, AM/FM, etc. In order to both protect the structural support layer and provide an aesthetically appealing finish (both visual and tactile), a protective layer can be placed on an external surface of the structural support layer. The protective layer can extend up and around an edge of the structural support layer to both enhance the aesthetic appeal of the housing and to protect the appearance of the portable computer. The protective layer can be formed of, for example, thermoplastic elastomer such as TPU.
The multi-part housing can also include a body. The body can include a outer layer supported by an inner layer that can provide support for a computer assembly as well as transfer and distribute loads applied to the portable computing device. The outer layer can be formed of lightweight yet durable materials. Such materials can include, for example, blends of poly-carbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), also known as PCABS that exhibit high flow, toughness and heat resistance well suited for portable applications. The inner layer can be formed of composite materials, plastic, or metal such as magnesium or magnesium alloy. The inner layer can be connected directly to the structural support layer forming a load path between the inner layer and the structural support layer. In this way, a load applied to the portable computing device can be distributed across the inner layer and transferred along the load path to the structural support layer without substantially affecting the outer layer. Since the outer layer does not have to be load tolerant, the outer layer can be formed of flexible, but aesthetically pleasing materials such as plastic that would otherwise be unsuitable for use with a conventional portable computer housing.
In the embodiments where inner layer is metallic or at least electrically conductive, the inner layer and the structural support layer can, taken together, provide a good electrical ground plane or electrical ground. This can be especially important due to the fact that by selecting plastic or other non-conducting material for the outer layer, the outer layer cannot provide a ground. Moreover, due to the close proximity of the operational components to one another in the portable computing device, it is highly desirable to isolate sources of significant RF radiation (such as a main logic board, or MLB) from those circuits, such as wireless circuits, highly sensitive to RF interference. In this way, the inner layer can include a metal frame that can, in combination with the structural support layer, be used to electromagnetically isolate the MLB from other components in the computer assembly sensitive to RF interference such as a WiFi circuit.
Since the outer layer is essentially load isolated, the choice of materials that can be used to form the outer layer can be widely varied. In this way, a product designer can create a look and feel for the portable computer well beyond anything realistically possible with a conventional computer housing. For example, the outer layer can be formed of light weight plastic and molded into any shape (such as an undercut shape). Since the outer layer does not provide much, if any, structural support for the portable computer, the shape of outer layer can also be widely varied. For example, the outer layer can present a continuous spline profile so as to appear to an observer to be a single unified shape with substantially no discontinuities. Moreover, since there is no need for external fasteners that would detract from the overall appearance of the portable laptop computer, the overall look and feel presented by the outer layer can be one of a simple continuous shape.
Again, since the outer layer does not carry any substantial loads, the outer layer can include a number of openings having wide spans that do not require additional support structures. Such openings can take the form of ports that can be used to provide access to internal circuits. The ports can include, for example, data ports suitable for accommodating cables (USB, Ethernet, FireWire, etc.) connecting external circuits. The openings can also provide access to an audio circuit, video display circuit, power input, etc.
The portable computer can also include a movable cover. The movable cover can include an inner frame supporting a outer layer. The inner frame can in much the same way as the inner layer of the body, distribute and transfer a load applied to the movable cover. In the described embodiments, the inner frame can be formed of materials that are strong, lightweight and electrically conductive. Such materials can include, for example, magnesium and/or magnesium alloys. By connecting the inner frame to the inner layer of the body, the inner frame can become part of the load path to the structural support layer. In this way, any load applied to or created by the movable cover can be distributed across the inner frame and transferred to the structural support layer by way of the inner layer of the housing. For example, the movable cover can take the form of a lid that can be opened to reveal a portion of the body and closed to hide the portion of the body. By connecting the inner frame to the inner layer of the body using connectors, such as hinges, the inner frame can become part of the load path. In this way, a load imparted to the lid such as when the lid is opened (or closed), for example, can be transferred along the load path from the lid to the structural support layer.
These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to
Housing 100 can include structural support layer 102. Structural support layer 102 can be formed of materials such as metal (such as aluminum formed in a stamping operation) or composite materials. Housing 100 can also include body 104. Body 104 can, in turn, include load transferring and load distribution inner layer 106 attached to outer layer 108. Outer layer 108 can be formed of material that is chosen for its aesthetic appeal and less for its ability to withstand stress or any significant loads. It is for at least this reason that inner layer 106 can be designed to carry substantially any and all loads applied to housing 100. Accordingly, inner layer 106 and outer layer 108 can be attached to each other in such a way that inhibits the transfer of a load from inner layer 106 to outer layer 108. For example, inner layer 106 and outer layer 108 can be attached together using adhesive 110, such as glue. It should be noted that the choice of adhesive should be such that the adhesive bond formed does not interfere with the load transferring and load distribution characteristics of inner layer 106.
As shown in
After assembly, structural support layer 102 can be used to cover the components assembled into enclosure 118 by, for example, placing structural support layer 102 in contact with inner layer 106. In this way, load path 112 can be formed by connecting inner layer 106 to structural support layer 102 at a plurality of connecting points 142 by way of fasteners that can include screws, rivets, etc. It should be noted that there can be any number and/or combination of types of fasteners used depending upon, of course, the particular design. By securely fastening inner layer 106 to structural support layer 102, the fasteners at connecting points 142 can be used to transfer component of load L in the Z direction (i.e., load component LZ) from inner layer 106 “up out of the paper” to structural support layer 102 by way of load path 112 without substantially loading outer layer 108.
Therefore, by taking into consideration the load carrying or load transferring characteristics as well as the inherent or otherwise enhanced stiffness of components installed in enclosure 118, the ability of inner layer 106 to transfer and/or distribute loads can be enhanced. For example,
Load bearing component 150 can be attached directly to structural support layer 102 as well as to front frame 136 in essence becoming part of front frame 136. Load bearing component 150 can also be connected to rear frame 140 at load transferring connectors 154. In the described embodiment, rear frame 140 can take the form of a weight reduced metal plate located in rear portion 138 that can be used to provide at least mechanical support for components, such as the MLB that cannot tolerate flexion. Rear frame 140 can be attached directly to enclosure 118 using adhesives such as glue. It should be noted that rear frame 140 can be used to provide support to the keyboard by providing posts onto which heat stakes can be melted during installation of the keyboard into enclosure 118. Since load bearing component 150 can be connected directly to structural support layer 102 and rear frame 140, load bearing component 150 can spatially distribute loads in X, Y, and Z directions. For example, load L can be divided into its three constituent spatial components, {Lx Ly Lz} each of which can be transferred independent of the others. In this way, load component Lx can be transferred independent of load component Ly by load bearing component 150. For example, load component Ly can be transferred to rear frame 140 by way of connectors 154 independent of load component Lx. Similarly, load component Lz can be transferred to structural support layer 102 by way of fasteners 142 independent of either load components Lx or Ly.
Rear frame 140 can be formed of strong and rigid material such as metal in the form of magnesium or magnesium alloy. Rear frame 140 can provide support for components, such as the main logic board, or MLB, that do not tolerate much flexion. Rear frame 140 can distribute loads received from load bearing component 150 such by way of connectors 154 as well as support the load isolating function of connectors 152. In some embodiments, rear frame 140 can be configured to provide support to external features fabricated in outer layer 108. For example, openings 156 in outer layer 108 can be used to provide access to data ports, power ports and so on, some of which may be required to have relatively large spans. By providing local bypass structure 158, openings 156 can be protected from loading thereby removing any need for reinforcement of outer layer 108.
Additional support for rear portion 138 can be provided by rear bracket 160 separate from rear frame 140. Rear bracket 160 can serve many purposes not the least of which is to provide additional support for enclosure 118. In the described embodiment, this additional support can be achieved by the fact that rear bracket 160 can act as a cantilever beam. Accordingly, rear bracket 160 can be formed of strong, lightweight, and resilient materials such as metal along the lines of magnesium or magnesium alloy. In addition, rear bracket 160 can aid in the distribution of high concentration loads that if applied to rear frame 140 without dissipation could adversely affect the bond between rear frame 140 and enclosure 118. For example, lid 120 can be coupled to inner layer 106 at connector 162 as part of rear bracket 160 that can extend out from the main body of rear bracket 160. This extension can have the effect of dissipating and distributing high concentration loads received when lid 120 is opened or closed. Rear bracket 160 can be attached to rear frame 140 at a number of points using load transferring type connector 154 as well as to structural support layer 102 at connecting points 142 using suitable fasteners. In this way, rear bracket 160 can act to minimize the concentration of loads, aid in the distribution of loads within enclosure 118, and provide added stiffness to enclosure 118.
Display trim (or bezel) 210 formed of suitable compliant material can be supported by structural components (not shown) within top cover 204 but attached to cosmetic rear cover 211. By not attaching display trim 210 directly to a structural component provides for good registration between the cosmetic rear cover 211 and display trim 210. Display trim 210 can enhance the overall appearance of display 206 by hiding operational and structural components as well as focusing a user's attention onto the active area of display 206. Top cover 204 can be coupled to outer layer 202 using a hinge assembly also referred to as display clutch assembly (hidden by a clutch barrel) that in turn can be connected by way of a load path to structural support layer 212. Structural support layer 212 can be formed of composite material or metal such as aluminum. Structural support layer 212 can be covered by protective layer 214 formed of protective yet durable material that is both attractive to the eye and the touch. Protective layer 214 can be formed of TPU that extends up and over an edge of structural support layer 212 to form TPU seam 215 with outer layer 202. TPU seam 215 can preserve an appearance of continuity in the shape of outer layer 202.
Outer layer 202 can include a number of user input devices such as touch pad 216 and keyboard 218. Keyboard 218 can include a plurality of key pads 220 each having a symbol imprinted thereon for identifying to a user the key input associated with the particular key pad. Keyboard 218 can be arranged to receive a discrete user input at each keypad using a finger motion referred to as a keystroke. In the described embodiment, the symbols on each key pad can be laser etched thereby creating an extremely clean and durable imprint that will not fade under the constant application of keystrokes over the life of the portable computing device 200. Touch pad 216 can be configured to receive a user's finger gesturing. A finger gesture can include touch events from more than one finger applied in unison. The gesture can also include a single finger touch event such as a swipe or a tap.
Outer layer 202 can also include power button 222 arranged to assist the user in turning on and turning off portable computing device 200. Audio input device 224 can be used to receive audible input such as speech. Status indictor light (SIL) 226 can be used to provide a user with information. Such information can be related to, for example, an operational status of portable computing device 200. Since outer layer 202 can be formed of semi-translucent plastic material that can transmit a noticeable portion of light (referred to as light bleed), SIL 226 can be configured to substantially eliminate all light except that confined by the geometric confines of a light emitting transparent portion of SIL 226. Outer layer 202 can also include openings used for accessing operational circuits mounted within outer layer 202. For example, disc slot 228 can be used for inserting disc media such as compact discs (CDs) and or digital versatile discs (DVDs). As a convention, outer layer 202 can be considered to be divided into front portion 230 and rear portion 232 as viewed by a user when operation portable computing device. In this way, touch pad 216 can be considered to be located in front portion 230 and keyboard 218 can be considered to be located in rear portion 232.
Turning now to
At least some of holes 1110 are suitable for receiving fasteners (that correspond to connectors 142 of
Rear frame 1116 can be formed of lightweight, electrically conductive material such as aluminum, magnesium or magnesium alloy. The weight of rear frame 1116 can be further reduced by forming a plurality of holes 1120 in rear frame 1116 using any number of techniques such as stamping. The plurality of holes 1120 can reduce the weight of rear frame 1116 without substantially affecting the strength of rear frame 1116 or its ability to provide support for components that have little or no tolerance for flex. Such components can include main logic board (MLB) 1122. Due to the relatively large number of individual components on MLB 1122 that are surface mounted or are otherwise susceptible to being damaged by flexion, MLB 1122 must be firmly supported. Other components mounted to and supported by rear frame 1116 can include fan 1124, optical disc drive 1126, and integrated audio/wireless card 1128 electrically connected to MLB 1122 by way of flex 1130. It should be noted that, integrated wireless audio card 1128 in the embodiment shown is not mounted directly to rear frame 1116 but rather rests on a metallic platform that is part of ODD 1126 used to accommodate optical media such as optical disc 1132. In addition to providing support, the metal platform can provide an electrical ground to which display grounding wires 1134 can be connected. Grounding pins (sometimes referred to as pogo pins) 1136 can be used to make electrical contact with structural support layer 102. In this way, an RF shield can be formed that can contain RF energy generated by various components on MLB 1122. Moreover, the RF shield can also protect circuits such as integrated wireless/audio card 1128 from RF leakage and interference that can seriously impact the wireless performance of integrated wireless/audio card 1128.
Rear bracket 1138 can be formed of lightweight and strong metal such as magnesium or magnesium alloy and as such can be coupled to rear frame 1116 and structural support layer 102. Rear bracket 1138 can also function along the lines of a cantilever beam providing additional mechanical support to outer layer 202. Furthermore, rear bracket 1138 can be formed to include vent like structures that can facilitate the transfer of air between enclosure 118 and the external environment while at the same time obscuring an interior view of enclosure 118 from the outside. Rear bracket 1138 can be part of inner layer 106 and as such can transfer loads from top cover 204 by way of a display clutch (not shown) at connectors 1140 (that correspond to connectors 154 in
In order to enhance the aesthetic appeal of portable computing device 200 in conjunction with providing a structural sound product, visible seams are generally deemed to be undesirable. Besides being a visual distraction, seams can attract dirt and dust and potentially create structural integrity problems. Therefore, attempts to eliminate or at least reduce the visual impact of seams can include implementing display clutch barrel 1152 in such a way that in a closed state, display clutch seam 1154 cannot be normally seen by a user. Moreover, display clutch seam 1154 can be aligned with TPU seam 215. In this way, display clutch seam 1154 and TPU seam 215 provide an appearance of continuity when portable computing device 200 is seen in a bottom view. Clutch barrel 1152 can include circuits that can support other components. For example, clutch barrel 1152 can include an RF antenna used by integrated wireless/audio card 1128. In order to provide easy access to these circuits, clutch barrel 1152 can include clutch barrel cover 1156 that can be removed and attached in a zipper like action. It should be noted that clutch barrel 1152 is described in more detail below.
Portable computing device 200 can also include other attachment features, such as restricted Z stack attachment feature 1158 that can attach a component, such as ODD 1126, in such a way as to restrict any motion in the Z direction but providing ample motion in the XY plane for post insertion adjustments. Load absorbing attachment feature 1160 (more specific example load absorbing attachment feature 152 shown in
In order to install the non-load bearing component as shown in
As shown in more detail in
Process 2500 can be carried out by performing at least the following. At 2502, a computer housing can be received. The computer housing can be formed of material, such as PCABS, that is substantially non-load bearing. As such, housing 2502 can have a shape that is widely varied and can have a number of openings that facilitate access to internal circuits such as an audio circuit, a USB circuit, and so on. At 2504, based upon the computer assembly to be installed within the computer housing, internal components that are load bearing and non-load bearing are identified. By load bearing, it is meant that the internal component can accept a load without substantially affecting either its structural or operational integrity. For example, an embedded battery having a shape that is stiff and resistant to flexing can be considered to be load bearing. By non-load bearing, it is meant that the internal component cannot accept the load without substantially affecting its structural or operational integrity. A hard disc drive (HDD) although relatively stiff and resistant to flexing, can be considered to be an example of a non-load bearing component due to the potential deleterious effects of loads being applied to the drive, in particular, the R/W circuitry for non-solid state type memory. Furthermore, some components can be considered to be intolerant of being flexed and therefore must be supported in such as way as to avoid any flexing. Such components can include assemblies of components a number of which are surface mounted to a printed circuit board, or PCB, that can include, for example, a main logic board, or MLB.
Once the non-load bearing and load bearing internal components are identified (as well as the flex intolerant components), an internal layer can be configured at 2506. The internal layer can be used to distribute and transfer a load without substantially affecting the housing. In the described embodiment, the load can be distributed within the internal layer in order to, for example, dissipate high concentration loads that could have an adverse impact on components or parts of the inner layer. For example, a high concentrated load received from the opening and closing of a display cover can cause an adhesive bond between a support structure and the housing to be damaged. At 2508, the inner layer can be attached to the housing. Typically, the inner layer can be attached using an adhesive such as glue that does not facilitate the transfer of the load from the inner layer to the housing nor should it substantially affect the load transferring and distribution properties of the inner layer.
At 2510, the inner layer is connected to a structural support layer. The structural support layer can be formed of metal such as aluminum. In this way, any load received at 2512 can be distributed by the inner layer and transferred to the structural support layer without substantially affecting the housing at 2514.
The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling assembly operations or as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling a manufacturing line used to fabricate housings. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/331,062 filed Jul. 14, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/335,695 filed Dec. 22, 2011 and issued Jul. 15, 2014 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,780,539, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/580,922 filed Oct. 16, 2009 and issued Feb. 7, 2012 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,111,505, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5237486 | LaPointe | Aug 1993 | A |
6122167 | Smith | Sep 2000 | A |
6262886 | DiFonzo | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6574096 | Difonzo | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6853336 | Asano | Feb 2005 | B2 |
7167163 | Lu | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7420798 | Takahashi | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7679893 | Lam | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7724509 | Lam | May 2010 | B2 |
7817407 | Tanaka | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7871720 | Myers et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
8111505 | Raff | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8199468 | Raff | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8553907 | Thomason | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8780539 | Raff | Jul 2014 | B2 |
9400519 | Raff | Jul 2016 | B2 |
20020085342 | Chen | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20030048605 | Kyozuka et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20040183732 | Konishi | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20050146498 | Hemia | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050237699 | Carroll | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050270244 | Lam | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060002065 | Hua | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060082956 | Garel | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060109619 | Ito et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20070047183 | Goto | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070047189 | Goto | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070047191 | Goto | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070165373 | Merz | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20080088734 | Huang | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080239641 | Sato | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090244009 | Staats | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090322193 | Yamaguchi | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100091442 | Theobald | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100156794 | Sauer et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100310931 | Coish et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110089792 | Casebolt | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110090630 | Bergeron | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110090712 | Bergeron | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20120092821 | Raff | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120268881 | Bergeron | Oct 2012 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20160313766 A1 | Oct 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 14331062 | Jul 2014 | US |
Child | 15197620 | US | |
Parent | 13335695 | Dec 2011 | US |
Child | 14331062 | US | |
Parent | 12580922 | Oct 2009 | US |
Child | 13335695 | US |