Patent Application
20080288295
The technical field is computers and data processing systems. Depending on the implementation, there is apparatus, a method for use and method for making, and corresponding products produced thereby, as well as data structures, computer-readable media tangibly embodying program instructions, manufactures, and necessary intermediates of the foregoing, each pertaining to digital aspects of managing risk components in a reinsurance transaction.
Illustratively, the adoption of Regulation XXX by U.S. state insurance regulators significantly increased the statutory reserves required for Level Premium Term Life and certain guarantee riders for Universal Life policies. A portion of these reserves are generally considered to be “redundant”, or an excess of the total basic reserve as defined under Regulation XXX over the “economic reserve”, which is defined as the GAAP reserve. The redundant reserves are released back into capital at the time a policy experiences a death claim or terminates by lapse, because term insurance and the riders have no cash surrender value. The reserves are far in excess of those required for the same policies in other jurisdictions.
For policy pricing purposes, these redundant reserves are capital investments and require a “hurdle rate” return, so pricing of Level Term insurance and certain Universal Life products were affected when the Regulation was adopted. Since term life insurance is a very price competitive product, most carriers were reluctant to raise prices and therefore looked to transfer the redundant reserves to reinsurers. The redundant reserves problem is especially acute for level term products with durations exceeding ten years.
Reinsurers were willing to accept these reserves for a fee as they could, either directly or indirectly, move the policies to other non-U.S. jurisdiction where the higher reserves dictated by Guideline XXX were not required. The reinsurer ending up with the policies could not be licensed in the US, however, as that would require them to post the reserves in their US Statutory statement. Therefore, the reserves wound up in an “unauthorized reinsurer”, which is generally an offshore insurance company.
For the US ceding insurer (i.e., the original writing carrier) to be able to take credit for the reinsurance in its statutory statement, however, the unauthorized reinsurer is required to post collateral equal to the reserves for which the cedant is taking credit. The reinsurers typically used Bank Letters of Credit (LOC) which met the statutory rules of the states to collateralize the agreement.
Similar situations exist in countries other than the United States, for example, Canada.
Letters of Credit are not the only way these reinsurance contracts can be collateralized. The states also allow credit when the collateral is assets in trust for the benefit of the cedant under the reinsurance treaty. The assets would be assets that qualify as admitted assets in a US Life Insurance Company. This would include investment grade bonds, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations's (CMO), Mortgage Backed Securities's (MBS) and very limited amounts of Real Estate and Equities. The terms of the trust meet the statutory rules. Stringent trust rules include those promulgated by the state of New York.
This alternative, funding a trust with qualifying assets, has not been widely used. First the offshore entities that are used for this reinsurance typically are subsidiaries of the reinsurer and are not as large or highly capitalized, so they don't have the assets to contribute to the trust structure. Secondly, the trust requires some administration and management while providing LOC's do not. Third, LOC's were cheap. Recently, however, LOC's have become more scarce and prices are increasing. Since LOC's renew and reprice annually, this market change affects not just new business, but also business already reinsured.
There are several sources of Trust assets used by the reinsurer, for example, assets from its own portfolio, assets loaned to it by others including separate accounts of insurance companies or assets purchased with the proceeds from the issuance of securities, funding agreements (FA), Capital Redemption Bonds (CRB), and Guaranteed Investment Contracts (GIC) by the reinsurer or a Special Purpose Entity created for that purpose. The various types of securities, FA's, CRB's, and GIC's are collectively referred to as trust funding financial instruments.
In carrying out the foregoing, in addition to the different focused computer structuring, there have been significant needs regarding such as efficiency and/or security, with manual systems being prone to manual problems, and with automated variants having limitations regarding control and management of corresponding computer resources.
In the area of said technical field, representatively, consider a computer system (illustratively representing, for the sake of brevity, methods, articles of manufacture, transmitter, receiver, network implementations, etc.) structured to aid managing an insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction. The computer system can, for example, be structured (e.g., including programmed) to carry out the steps of: calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data; segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; and carrying out the reinsurance transaction by steps including: allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement; and assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement. Consider too a computer system comprising means for calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data; means for segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; and means for carrying out the reinsurance transaction by means including: means for allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement; and means for assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement. Consider further a computer apparatus arranged for controlling a system carrying out an implementation of managing an insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction, the apparatus including: a computer system arranged to receive data and locate said data into a memory; calculating means for calculating said insurance reserve requirement; program control means for segmenting, for said reserve requirement, said economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; program control means for carrying out said reinsurance transaction; program control means for allocating said components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement; and program control means for assigning assets for the reserve requirements to said reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement.
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The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments intended to illustrate and exemplify in a teaching manner.
As used herein, the term “computer” generally refers to hardware or hardware in combination with one or more program(s), such as can be implemented in software. Computer aspects can be implemented on general purpose computers or specialized devices, and can operate electrically, optically, or in any other fashion. A computer as used herein can be viewed as at least one computer having all functionality or as multiple computers with functionality separated to collectively cooperate to bring about the functionality. Logic flow can represent signal processing, such as digital data processing, communication, or as evident from the context hereinafter. Logic flow or “logic means” can be implemented in discrete circuits, programmed computer, or the equivalent. Computer-readable media, as used herein can comprise at least one of a RAM, a ROM, A disk, an ASIC, and a PROM. Industrial or technical applicability is clear from the description, and is also indicated below.
By way of the following prophetic teaching, there can be computer support, as in a data processing system, for implementing parts of, or from, a financial product or instrument to accomplish certain financial objectives to and advance such as efficiency and/or security, over said manual systems and corresponding problems, and automated variants having limitations regarding management of corresponding computer resources.
First, though, consider some context. In general,
Under United States statutory reserving procedures, for example, certain products with long term premium guarantees, for example level premium term and level cost of insurance universal life policies, are required to set up significantly higher reserves than economic reserves would call for. The amounts above the economic reserve, while required, are considered redundant and not necessary, except under extreme and unrealistic conditions.
However, the inventors observed that a Reinsurance Transaction 2 between an Insurance Company 4 and a Reinsurance Company 6 can be carried out such that in exchange for reinsurance premiums, the insurance company receives something else, such as benefit claims, and credit and related collateral for economic reserves and for redundant reserves. The Reinsurance Company 6, aided by Computer Systems 32, e.g., in cooperation with such as an Administration System 28, Actuarial Pricing System 22, Risk Analysis System 24 and Valuation System 26, handles segmenting the economic reserve requirement from the excess regulatory reserve requirements. The insurance contingency risk can be ceded to an Insurance Risk Carrier 10, which provides benefit claims and collateral for the economic reserve in exchange for the benefit claims premiums. Through a SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) 14, for example an insurance company special purpose vehicle, trust funding financial instruments can be issued to a Source Of An Asset 12 which then provides the funding or allows the assigning of assets to a Reinsurance Trust 8 in exchange for asset charges. In another embodiment, ceding the insurance contingency risk can also be through a SPV 14, for example an insurance company special purpose vehicle. The Reinsurance Company 6 also can provide oversight to the Reinsurance Trust 8. The assets in the Reinsurance Trust 8 allow the Insurance Company 4 to take credit for the redundant reserves. The Computer Systems 32 includes a Risk Analysis System 24 that can calculate the relative proportions and the pricing of any traunches of trust funding financial instruments.
Consider now more particularly a computer system managing fluctuating reserve requirements and the related reinsurance trust(s) and trust(s) funding financial instruments (or a similar financial vehicle to maintain the assets) requirements. In general, uncertain events that can be measured using statistical or actuarial methodologies but are not certain in timing and/or amounts, and such events are uncontrolled by the parties, can produce financial results that may vary from expected results.
Reinsurance reserve requirements vary from period to period based upon emerging experience. As such, reserve requirements also change based upon the experience. In addition, values of reinsurance reserves trusts are calculated using market values of the securities on the date of the financial statements currently filed. Maintaining the appropriate levels of investments contained in the reinsurance trusts requires a myriad of interrelated detailed calculations to determine the amounts to be added or removed from the trusts each reporting period, usually the calendar quarter.
The reinsurance transaction requirement is to find an appropriate asset source(s), an appropriate insurance risk assumer(s), an appropriate unauthorized reinsurer, and an appropriate ceding insurance company(s).
Once done, the business to be reinsured can be evaluated and priced, both economically and statutorily, using electronic computer based pricing programs; the appropriate insurance risk premiums can be calculated; the expected reserve requirements can be calculated using electronic computer analysis of inputted data; the value of the economic and excess reserves can be calculated by electronic computer programs to determine the value required for the trust; should multiple traunches of trust funding financial instruments be necessary the relative proportions of each traunche can be calculated using proprietary risk analysis software and these calculations can be made at the end of each reporting period (usually every 90 days), with appropriate adjustment to the contents of the trust(s).
The computer systems can also produce periodic reports (at least quarterly) on current reserve requirements, current trust values, current trust value requirements and reinsurance premiums and claims for the period.
In addition, the computer-based systems can produce all contracts between the participating parties.
For example, this approach can be used to manage the fluctuating reserve requirements under Guideline XXX for establishing statutory reserves for guaranteed level premium products (both term and universal life) in the U.S. Life Insurance market. In some jurisdictions, the reinsurer is only required to post economic reserves. A Reinsurance Company can segment the economic reserve requirement from the excess regulatory reserve requirements and manage each risk component with the most efficient party. The insurance risks can be moved to a Reinsurer (s), Retrocessionnaire (s), a Retrocession Pool, or another insurance risk assumer. The excess regulatory reserve requirements can be funded thru a Bank, Syndicate, Pension Plan, another Securities Lender, an insuror, an insuror separate account or an investor through the purchase of any portion of any traunche of trust funding financial instruments. As such the ceding Life Insurance Company can receive the mortality risk protection as well as the collateral and related reinsurance credit for the economic reserve and the credit for the redundant reserves, as well as the reinsurance credit for the Statutory Risk Based Capital efficiently thru the Reinsurance Company.
Computer System
Consider, more particularly, a Computer System 32 (i) that manipulates signals comprising (a) Input Data 34 pertaining to data for the Reinsurance Transaction 2, (b) documents such as Stored Documents 48, and/or (c) previously encoded and processed data Stored Data Files 46; and/or (ii) that transforms these signals into analyses of the data; and/or (iii) that documents the results in Financial Analysis Output 56; and/or (iv) that illustrates selected results in Processed Documents 58.
The Computer System 32 can comprise a Computer (e.g., an IBM, Hewlett Packard, or other personal computer) With Central Processor 38 (e.g., an Intel series processor or the like), a Memory System 40 (such as a hard drive, disk drive, etc.), an Input Device 36 (keyboard, mouse, modem, or the like), and one or more output devices, Output Device 52 and Output Device 54 (e.g., a Hewlett Packard printer, a Dell monitor, a modem, or other such output device). The Memory System 40 includes (i) an operating system Logic Means 42 such as Microsoft XP Professional (and its applications such as EXCEL, ACCESS, and WORD) to run the Computer System 32, (ii) a Word Processing System 44 such as Microsoft Word to process transaction data, and (iii) some hard coded systems including an Actuarial Pricing System 22, a proprietary Risk Analysis System 24, a Valuation System 26 and an Administration System 28 to perform technical processes, and results into Processed Documents 58. In an embodiment an Administration System 28 will address the requirements of a SPV 14. The Input Device 36 such as a keyboard receives Input Data 34 either manually or electronically. Output Device 52 and Output Device 54, such as a printer or a CD drive; produce such relevant documents as the Financial Analysis Output 56. Financial Analysis Output 56, including the input data, processed results, and other relevant information as well as processing logic, is normally shared via a network of computers as indicated in
Logic Means
Logic Means 82 allows for two pathways, one for processing data, using Title Screen Data Processing System 84, and the other for processing model documents, using Word Processing System 44.
Title Screen Data Processing System 84 (which could be a coded or programmed EXCEL application, or an application that allows processing of numbers and logical evaluations; as reflected by logic behind a control system such as Main Menu 86 that can allow for the processing of information for the embodiment and controlling the system or part thereof, as may be desired), enables the creation of new data file (Block 92), update of existing data file (Block 88, retrieval of data file and Block 90, identification of data file), processing the data (Blocks 94-98, display and input/edit of data form then processing of data), printing the data information (Block 100) and storing the data (Blocks 102, 46-48, store data form, stored data file and stored documents). Data files are maintained historically, per contract, from its effective date. Data storage is physically in the computer or in a computer readable file kept offsite.
Word Processing System 44 allows for creating blank documents (Blocks 48), editing existing documents for any updates (Block 106), printing such results (Block 108) and storing different versions of documents (Block 110).
The Logic Means 42 allows for continuing processing in Blocks 84,86 and 112 (thru the title screen, main menu and the logic to continue with the word processing program) as well as for finalization of the process thru Blocks 104 and 112 (through the quit routine in the title screen and the logic to quit with the word processing program).
General Example
a-4c shows the logic of the processes in a general exemplary embodiment. Input data is received starting from the early stages of preparation for the transaction and during regular time periods for the duration of the contract.
The process includes Calculating An Insurance Reserve Requirement From Data 142, Segmenting, For The Reserve Requirement, An Economic Reserve Requirement, From A Corresponding Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement To Produce Components 144, Carrying Out The Reinsurance Transaction 146, Allocating The Components To Different Parties, One Of The Parties From A Group Including An Insurance Risk Carrier And A Source Of An Asset For Said Reserve Requirement 152, and Assigning An Asset For The Reserve Requirement To A Reinsurance Asset Trust To Receive Reinsurance Credit For Said Reserve Requirement 154. Computer-aided Allocating The Components To Different Parties, The Different Parties Forming A Special Purpose Vehicle could be an other embodiment. Often, the Carrying Out The Reinsurance Transaction is for Life Insurance 148 and further Associating Data Corresponding To The Life Insurance With The Reinsurance Transaction 150. Generating A Contract By Inserting Datum Produced In One Of Said Method Steps Into The Contract For Said Reinsurance Transaction To One Of The Parties From A Group Including An Insurance Company, A Risk Carrier And a Source of Asset 156 and Generating A Report By Inserting Datum Produced In One Of Said Method Steps Into The Report, Said Datum From A Group Including Reserve Requirement, Said Economic Reserve Requirement, Said Corresponding Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement and Statutory Value Of Assets 158 also occur. Also there is Printing Of The Contract and Printing Of The Report that occur in Block 156 and Block 158, respectively.
Calculating An Insurance Reserve Requirement From Data 142 further goes into Calculating A Regulatory Reserve Requirement 160, Calculating an Economic Reserve Requirement 162 and Calculating An Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 164. Further, Selecting An Insured Contingency Risk From A Group Including Mortality Risk, Morbidity Risk And Survivorship Risk 180 also occurs.
For Each A Plurality Of Time Periods, Calculating The Reserve Requirement 166 further includes Calculating The Economic Reserve Requirement 168 and Making An Adjustment Corresponding To The Asset In The Reinsurance Asset Trust 170, and Calculating The Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 172 and Making An Adjustment Corresponding To The Asset In The Reinsurance Asset Trust 170.
Input Data 34 and results of the above processes are stored through Blocks 182-208 (data; reserve requirements, regulatory, economic and excess; selected insurance contingency risk; carrying out of the reinsurance transaction, including for life insurance; asset adjustment requirement corresponding to an economic reserve and the excess; the segmentation; allocation of the components to different parties; assignment of assets; the contract; and the report).
Further For Each A Plurality Of Time Periods, Pricing An Asset Charge For Assigning An Asset In A Reinsurance Trust Corresponding To The Asset For An Economic Reserve Requirement 176, and Pricing an Asset Charge For Assigning An Asset In A Reinsurance Trust Corresponding To The Asset For An Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 178
An Embodiment for Funding the Capital Requirement by Issuing a Security
a-5e shows the logic of the processes in the embodiment of an embodiment for funding the capital requirement by issuing a security.
In this embodiment, Calculating An Insurance Reserve Requirement From Data 142, further involves For Each Time Period, Calculating Reserve Requirement From Emerging Experience Data 234 and For Each Time Period, Calculating Corresponding Economic Reserve Requirement And Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 236.
The Segmenting, For The Reserve Requirement 144, Carrying Out The Reinsurance Transaction 146 are carried further For Life Insurance 148, Associating Data Corresponding To The Life Insurance 150, Allocating the Components 152, Assigning Assets For the Reserve Requirement 154, Generating a Contract 156 and Generating a Report 156. Additionally, there is Managing, For A Reinsurance Company 238, the Allocating The Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement To One Of the Parties From A Group Including a Bank, A Syndicate, A Pension Plan, An Insuror, An Insuror Separate Account, Another Securities Lender And An Investor Through The Purchase Of Some Of Any Traunche Of A Trust Funding Financial Instrument 240, Associating Data Corresponding To Said Source Of Asset With The Reinsurance Transaction 242, Funding The Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement By Issuing A Security Into The Capital Market 244, again Associating Data Corresponding To Said Security With The Reinsurance Transaction 246, and Allocating Said Economic Reserve Requirement To One Of The Parties From A Group Including A Reinsurer, A Reinsurance Pool, A Retrocessionaire, A Retrocession Pool, An Insuror, an Insuror Separate Account, And An Other Insurance Risk Assumer 248 and again Associating Data Corresponding To A Provider Of Insurance Coverage for Said Insured Contingency Risk With The Reinsurance Transaction 250.
The Allocating The Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 240 is Computer-Aided and in an other embodiment, allocation further includes to At Least One Of The Parties From A Group Including A Bank, A Syndicate, A Pension Plan, An Insuror, An Insuror Separate Account, A Separate Account Variable Annuity Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Separate Account Bank Owned Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Special Purpose Vehicle, Another Securities Lender And An Investor Through The Purchase Of Some Of Any Traunche Of A Trust Funding Financial Instrument.
The Allocating Said Economic Reserve Requirement Risk 248 is Computer-Aided and in an other embodiment, allocation further includes to At Least One Of The Parties From A Group Including A Reinsurer, A Reinsurance Pool, A Retrocessionaire, A Retrocession Pool, An Insuror, An Insuror Separate Account, A Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Separate Account Bank Owned Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Special Purpose Vehicle, And An Other Insurance Risk Assumer.
Involved in the Allocating The Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement 240 is Valuing Traunches For Financial Instrument Funding Said Reinsurance Asset Trust 252, Calculating Relative Proportion of Each Said Traunche 254 and Making An Adjustment Corresponding To The Asset In The Reinsurance Asset Trust 256. Then there is the Issuing Of A Funding Agreement 258, the Issuing Of A Capital Redemption Bond 260, the Issuing Of A Guaranteed Investment Contract (GIC) 262, and the Issuing Of A Security 263. In an other embodiment there is also Issuing A Security Into A Special Purpose Vehicle 261, for example an insurance company special purpose vehicle. Further to the issuing of securities are Computer-aided Managing Said Security consistent with The Investment Guideline Such that the Assets Held for Said Insured Contingency Risk Qualifies As An Admitted Asset In A Jurisdiction Of The Insured Contingency Risk 264, Associating Data Corresponding to Said Security with Corresponding Asset From A Group Including Investment Grade Bonds, Collateralized Mortgage Obligation, Mortgage Backed Security, Real Estate And Equities 266, Computer-aided Managing Said Reinsurance Trust Consistent With Terms Of The Trust 268 and Calculating The Value Of Said Asset On a Legally Required Filing Date Of A Financial Statement For Said Reserve Requirement 270.
All input data and data resulting from the logic processes are stored in the computer with steps indicated in Blocks 182-198, and Blocks 274-310. Stored are data, reserve requirement, segmented components, reinsurance transaction, details for life insurance, data association corresponding to the life insurance, allocated components, pricing, assigned assets, contract and report for the transaction. Further stored are reserve requirement from emerging experience, corresponding economic reserve requirement and excess regulatory reserve requirement, management by a reinsurance company, allocating excess regulatory reserve requirement to one of the parties, data association corresponding to said source of capital, issuance of the security, data association corresponding to said security, allocating said insurance contingency risk to one of the parties, its data association, valuing traunches, relative proportion of each said traunche, adjustment to contents of said trust, funding agreement, capital redemption bond, guaranteed investment contract, security, security issued to a special purpose vehicle, investment guidelines to qualify as admitted assets, types of investments, terms of the trust and statutory values of said assets
Reinsurance reserve requirements vary from period to period based upon emerging experience. As such, reserve requirements also change based upon the experience. In addition, values of reinsurance reserves trusts are calculated using market values of the securities on the date of the financial statements currently filed. Maintaining the appropriate levels of investments contained in the reinsurance trusts requires a myriad of interrelated detailed calculations to determine the amounts to be added or removed from the trusts each reporting period, usually the calendar quarter.
The reinsurance transaction requirement is to find an appropriate asset source(s), an appropriate insurance risk assumer(s), an appropriate unauthorized reinsurer, and an appropriate ceding insurance company(s).
Once done, the business to be reinsured can be evaluated and priced, both economically and statutorily, using electronic computer based pricing programs; the appropriate insurance risk premiums can be calculated; the expected reserve requirements can be calculated using electronic computer analysis of inputted data; the value of the economic and excess reserves can be calculated by operating electronic computer programs (for example) to determine the value suitable for the trust; should multiple traunches of trust funding financial instruments be necessary the relative proportions of each traunche can be calculated using proprietary risk analysis software and these calculations can be made at the end of each reporting period (usually every 90 days), with appropriate adjustment to the contents of the trust(s).
The computer systems can also produce periodic reports (at least quarterly) on current reserve requirements, current trust values, current trust value requirements and reinsurance premiums and claims for the period.
In addition, the computer-based systems can produce all contracts between the participating parties.
A Reinsurance Company Managing the Reinsurance Transaction
a-6c shows the logic of the processes in an embodiment as applied with a reinsurance company managing the reinsurance transaction exposures.
For example, this approach can be used to manage the fluctuating reserve requirements under Guideline XXX for establishing statutory reserves for guaranteed level premium products (both term and universal life) in the U.S. Life Insurance market. In some jurisdictions, the reinsurer is only required to post economic reserves. A Reinsurance Company can segment the economic reserve requirement from the excess regulatory reserve requirements and manage each risk component with the most efficient party. The insurance risks can be moved to a Reinsurer (s), Retrocessionnaire (s), a Retrocession Pool, an Insuror, an Insuror separate account or an other insurance risk assumer. The excess regulatory reserve requirements can be funded thru a Bank, Syndicate, Pension Plan, an Insuror, an Insuror Separate Account, another Securities Lender, or an investor through the purchase of any portion of any traunche of trust funding financial instruments. As such the ceding Life Insurance Company can receive the mortality risk protection as well as the collateral and related reinsurance credit for the economic reserve and the credit for the redundant reserves, as well as the reinsurance credit for the Statutory Risk Based Capital efficiently thru the Reinsurance Company.
As in the general embodiment, the process includes calculating insurance reserve requirement Block 142, segmenting an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement Block 144, carrying out the reinsurance transaction Block 146 for life insurance Blocks 148-150, allocating components Block 152, assigning assets Block 154 and the reports and contracts Blocks 156-158. Additional steps would include Managing, For A Reinsurance Company 238, with Said Reinsurance Company Providing Collateral for Said Economic Reserve Requirement 336 and for Said Excess Regulatory Reserve Requirement Funded By One Of the Parties From A Group Including A Bank, A Syndicate, A Pension Plan, Another Securities Lender, And An Insuror, An Insuror Separate Account, An Investor Through The Purchase Of Some Of Any Traunche Of A Trust Funding Financial Instrument 338. In an other embodiment, allocation further includes to At Least One Of The Parties From A Group Including A Bank, A Syndicate, A Pension Plan, An Insuror, an Insuror Separate Account, A Separate Account Variable Annuity Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Separate Account Bank Owned Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account, A Special Purpose Vehicle, Another Securities Lender And An Investor Through The Purchase Of Some Of Any Traunche Of A Trust Funding Financial Instrument. Again also Associating Data Corresponding To Said Source Of Asset With Said Reinsurance Company 340.
Blocks 182-198 stores data and processed results in the general embodiment and Blocks 342-350 additionally stores results where the reinsurance transaction is managed by a reinsurance company. The later data includes pricing, management of reinsurance transaction, reinsurance company providing collateral for economic reserve, excess regulatory reserve from a source of an asset and data association with a source of an asset and reinsurance company.
Network of Computer Systems
A Funding Agreement
A Special Embodiment
An Other Embodiment
For example, this approach which can be used to manage the fluctuating reserve requirements under Guideline XXX for establishing statutory reserves for guaranteed level premium products (both term and universal life) in the U.S. Life Insurance market can also take the funding of reservel requirements by issuing securities through a special purpose vehicle, for example insurance company special purpose vehicle such as separate accounts or segregated cells. Further the segmented insured contingency risk can also be ceded to a special purpose vehicle, for example an insurance company special purpose vehicle such as separate accounts or segregated cells. Another feature when using a separate account as a source of asset would be a ‘top-up’ guarantee to fully fund the trust.
As in the general embodiment the process also includes Calculating An Insurance Reserve Requirement From Data 142, Segmenting, For The Reserve Requirement, An Insured Contingency risk, From A Corresponding Capital Requirement To Produce Components 144, Carrying Out The Reinsurance Transaction 146, Allocating The Components To Different Parties, One Of The Parties From A Group Including An Insurance Risk Carrier And A Source Of An Asset For Said Reserve Requirement 152, and Assigning Assets For The Reserve Requirement To A Reinsurance Asset Trust To Receive Reinsurance Credit For Said Reserve Requirement 154. Computer-aided Allocating The Components To Different Parties, The Different Parties Forming A Special Purpose Vehicle could be an other embodiment. Often, the Carrying Out The Reinsurance Transaction is for Life Insurance 148 and further Associating Data Corresponding To The Life Insurance With The Reinsurance Transaction 150.
However, Funding The Capital Requirement is By Issuing A Security Through A Special Purpose Vehicle 245, and then also Associating Data With The Reinsurance Transaction 246. Managing Said Security Consistent With Investment Guidelines 264, and Consistent With Amounts Required For The Reinsurance Asset Trust 502, are also computer-aided. Security is Issued Through A Special Purpose Vehicle 261, and further includes Issuing To A Separate Account Variable Annuity Writing Insurance Company Separate Account 510, and Issuing To A Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company Separate Account 518. And correspondingly, Allocating a Total Return Guarantee To The Separate Account Variable Annuity Insurance Assets 512, and To The Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Assets 520. Further correspondingly, allocating Said Insured Contingency Risk To Said Separate Account Variable Annuity Writing Insurance Company 514, and To Said Separate Account Variable Life Insurance Writing Insurance Company 522. Also, there is further Associating Data Corresponding to Said Provider of Insurance Coverage in Blocks 516 and 524.
Blocks 182-190, 194, 303-304, and 286 stores data and processed results in the general embodiment and Blocks 526-548 additionally stores results where the security is issued through a special purpose vehicle, for example an insurance company special purpose vehicle such as separate accounts or segregated cells. The later data includes issuing the security to a separate account, allocating excess regulatory reserve requirement and economic reserve requirement to a special purpose vehicle, allocating a total guarantee to the separate account assets, allocating the economic reserve requirement to separate account writing insurance companies and some corresponding associating of data with these processes.
Additional Embodiments
In addition to corresponding methods of making and using, as well as necessary data intermediates and products produced in various embodiments, to understand permutations, consider an apparatus for controlling a system carrying out an implementation of managing an insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction. The apparatus can include: means for calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data; means for segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; and means for computer-aided carrying out the reinsurance transaction by steps including: means for computer-aided allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement; and means for computer-aided assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement.
For this or any aspect thereof, there can be a computer-readable media tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a computer to perform the steps of: calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data; segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; and processing data to carrying out the reinsurance transaction in which the components are allocated to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement and the assets for the reserve requirement are assigned to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement.
Viewed alternatively, there can be a computer-readable media tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a computer to control performance of a computer system carrying out the steps of: calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data; segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components; and processing data to carry out the reinsurance transaction in which the components are allocated to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement and the assets for the reserve requirement are assigned to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement, to carry out managing an insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction. The media can comprise at least one of a RAM, a ROM, a disk, an ASIC, and a PROM.
From a different perspective, in understanding the robust nature of the embodiments herein, consider an electronic transmission apparatus for handling communications to implement a part of insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction, the apparatus including: in cooperation with means for calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data and means for segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components, in supporting the reinsurance transaction by steps including allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement, and assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement, program control means for generating a data set unique to the reinsurance transaction, and electronic transmission means for communicating said data set over an Internet network addressed to another computer.
From yet another perspective, consider an electronic transmission apparatus for handling communications to implement a part of insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction, the apparatus including means for calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data and means for segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components, both said means cooperating to produce a unique data set for the reinsurance transaction, said reinsurance transaction carried out by steps including allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement, and assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement, said apparatus comprising program control means for sending the data set via electronic transmission means for communicating said data set over an Internet network addressed to another computer.
Still another perspective is that of an electronic receiver apparatus for handling communications to implement a part of insurance reserve requirement by segmenting risk components in a reinsurance transaction, the apparatus cooperating with means for calculating an insurance reserve requirement from data and means for segmenting, for the reserve requirement, an economic reserve requirement from a corresponding excess regulatory reserve requirement to produce components, both said means interacting to produce a unique data set for the reinsurance transaction, said reinsurance transaction carried out by steps including allocating the components to different parties, one of the parties from a group including an insurance risk carrier and a source of an asset for said reserve requirement, and assigning assets for the reserve requirement to a reinsurance asset trust to receive reinsurance credit for said reserve requirement, said apparatus comprising program control means for receiving the data set via electronic transmission means for communicating said data set over an Internet network.
In sum, appreciation is requested for the robust range of possibilities flowing from the core teaching herein. More broadly, however, the terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of teaching and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, it being recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the embodiments contemplated and suggested herein. Further, various embodiments are as described and suggested herein. Although the disclosure herein has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the disclosures are intended to be illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. Various modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.
Thus, although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages herein. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope defined by claims. In the claims, means-plus-function claims are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT US0004 370000 | Nov 2004 | US | national |
This patent application claims priority from, and incorporates by reference, PCT Application No. PCT/US0004/37000, titled “Computer System Managing an Insurance Reserve Requirement By Segmenting Risk Components in a Reinsurance Transaction,” filed Nov. 4, 2004, and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/603,608 titled “Computer System for Redundant Insurance Reserve Financing,” filed Aug. 23, 2004.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2004/040618 | 12/6/2004 | WO | 00 | 10/15/2007 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60603608 | Aug 2004 | US |
