Concrete form structure

Abstract

The invention provides a concrete form structure formed of plural pair of spaced elongate facing channels, each channel having a central web and opposite longitudinal edge flanges. Elongate rigid insulation boards are disposed between said webs and adjacent the opposite edge flanges. At least one plate member seats the facing channels and the rigid insulation boards. The plate member is secured to the facing channels at the bottoms thereof. The facing channels, plate member and insulation boards define a top opening concrete receiving chamber.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to concrete forms and, particularly provides a concrete form structure capable of being retained as an integral part of the finished concrete formation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pre-fabricated building panels have become increasingly popular in the building industry so as to provide a building structure erectable in less time and lower cost than conventional on site construction materials and techniques. Conventional pre-fabricated building wall systems have involved molding techniques which include the teardown of the forming means after the completion of the molding process. The prior art includes many different formations which may be completed at a factory site and shipped to the building construction site for installation. These systems generally offer little flexibility in design and construction. Often the molding techniques employed require the forming structures, i.e. the molds, to be separated from the molded pieces and require a mold or forming structure to be employed for each unit with that forming structure to be disassembled, occasionally destroyed and a new forming structure to be constructed for each piece produced. Not only does such singular forming structure use require the step of forming structure teardown for each building panel formed, resulting in additional expense in time and materials, but also results in reduced productivity of the completed building walls. Other conventional molding methods require the application of mold release materials to the interior walls of the mold structure, yet, in view of the size and weight of the resulting product, still require disassembly of the mold structure. In many instances, different molds must be constructed for the formation of the many varieties in function that must be provided for the completion of the intended buildings. Each change in function for the building wall requires construction of a one-time forming structure dedicated to the production of a single one of the specific function building wall. Some building walls must be installed with different footing structures, different framework forms such as including singular and multiple window frames, mounting upon stone beds, concrete footings, caissons, load-bearing frameworks, non-load bearing frameworks, building walls coupled or incorporating joists and joist supports, different types of bearing walls, interior and exterior non-load bearing and load bearing walls, variations in bracing, strapping, spandrel walls, coupling means for joining building wall units and panels together and other functional and constructional variables including variable heights, lengths and thickness.

Another problem encountered with the pre-fabricated wall systems proposed by the prior art is the difficulty in providing access therein for workmen to install in-wall and through-wall services. Further, production of pre-fabricated building walls and panels which offer facility in joining units together in constructing the buildings is another problem encountered with the use of such “prefabs”. Integration of inter-related units into the object being constructed also has been more difficult with the available structures and methods presently available to the construction art.

Further difficulty is experienced when considering combinations of different materials such as concrete wall panels with brick and/or brick facing. Such combinations of different construction materials have gained in popularity, where a section of the building being constructed includes concrete exterior walls and, in addition, brick faced sections. Providing pre-fabricated building walls which are combination brick facings and concrete panels is esthetically attractive but difficult and expensive to produce. Means to provide such combinations have not as yet been provided except by the use of embossing a brick pattern upon a concrete surface. The resultant product is far from the esthetic appearance obtained when actual brick is employed. The method and result produced in accordance with the method of the invention enables such contrasting materials to be provided.

Provision of versatile pre-fabricated wall systems and structures at relatively low cost for facile installation and production is a need also not fulfilled by the methods and structures offered by the prior art. Additionally, provision of pre-fabricated cementitious building wall panels which are relatively light in weight yet structurally strong, which can be used as basement walls, foundations, floors and roofs, which are esthetically and physically strong, which can be easily assembled to other of these elements, which are capable of varied attractive appearance, which offer excellent thermal-resistive characteristics and which are capable of multi-level incorporation, likewise has been sadly lacking.

A system that involves fully self-contained pre-fabricated building walls and panels which incorporate the forming structure as a part thereof, yet allows for considerable variation in the their interior, structural content, has not become available despite a long felt need therefor. It is this need that is satisfied with the pre-fabricated building panel system provided by the invention.

Of the plurality of pre-fabricated building walls provided by the prior art, several will be discussed hereinafter to illustrate the state of the art pertinent to the herein described invention. Among these are U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,629 (Cavaness, Jun. 18, 1996), 5,524,412 (Cori, Jun. 11, 1996), 4,276,730 (Lewis, Jul. 7, 1981), 4,494,353, (Lewis, Jan. 22, 1985, 4,885,884 (Schilger, Dec. 12,1989), 4,619,032 (Sudrabin, Oct. 28, 1986), 4,930,278 (Staresina et al, Jun. 5, 1990), 4,271,111 (Sheber, Jun. 2, 1981), 4,669,240 (Amormino, Jun. 11, 1987), 4,649,682 (Barrett,Jr, Mar. 17, 1987), 4,909,007 (Bodnar, Mar. 20, 1990), 3,885,008 (Martin, May 20, 1975), 4,751,803, (Zimmerman, Jun. 21, 1988), 3,965,635, (Renkert, Jun. 29, 1976), 4,570,398 (Zimmerman, Feb. 18, 1986), 4,605,529, (Zimmerman, Aug. 12, 1986), 3,730,476 (Prichard, Jr. May 1, 1973), 4,934,121, (Zimmerman, Jun. 19, 1990), 5,055,252 (Zimmerman, Oct. 8, 1991), 5,216,863 (Nesssa et al, Jun. 8, 1993) and 5,491,947 (Kim, Feb. 20, 1996).

Cavaness provides a composite building panel comprising a framework formed of a perimetric frame assembly, an array of plural elongate metal studs arranged parallel and spaced within the frame assembly. Each of the metal studs is of elongate C-shaped cross-sectional configuration with middle section wider than a pair of front and rear right angle flanges, the front one of the flanges being embedded in a concrete slab, the concrete slab defining the front of the panel and the remaining portions of the studs defining open spaces or cavities accessible for installation of services, insulation and means for joining one panel to others.

Once the frame assembly is completed, form members are attached about the perimeter thereof defining a mold for receiving the during the pouring of the concrete defining the concrete slab serving as the front of the panel. The floor of the mold is a forming pad adapted to rest upon a planar surface. The mold is oriented horizontally during the pouring of the concrete into the rear of the panel embedding the front portion of the stud, including the front flange thereof. The mold is knocked down (disassembled) when the curing of the concrete is completed.

The free portions of the stud array define cavities to provide for the installation of the requisite services, i.e. plumbing, electrical wiring and insulation. A wall board can be placed over the rear portion of the frame and attached thereto so that the cavities are covered, the wall board functioning as the interior facing wall of installed panel. The panels can be joined end to end by bolting the end studs forming a butt joint. Increased cost is experienced due to the necessity of disassembling the mold after each panel formation. Incorporation of the additional framework components required for varied functional building requirements would be better served if these varied additional framework portions could be incorporated during the molding process common to all panels. Obviously, it would be most economically beneficial if the completed panels could be self-contained as well as versatile, i.e. adaptable for plural functions.

The Cori patent is pertinent to the formation of building panels including a framework comprising a frame member having a top and a bottom plate joined by parallel spaced C-configured studs. A mold is prepared and a layer of hardenable cementations material is deposited in a mold. The frame member is laid on top of the cementations layer and a second cementatious layer is applied to embed one side of each stud therein, leaving the remaining portion of the frame open. Once a panel is completed, the mold must be dismantled. Although the patentee states that the mold may be reused, it appears that the more prevalent practice is to use the mold as a one-time use either requiring the application of a mold-release by spraying or destroying the mold during the unmolding. The panels produced are half sections used to form a double walled construction, each panel constituting a half-section combined to form various building walls of a building construction. One difficulty is that the panels produced are substantially identical. The use apparently is to form double walls, leaving a space therebetween, with insulation capable of being installed as foam or loose fiber fill.

Lewis '730 provides wall structure modules comprising a plurality of panels of integral sandwich construction with a thickness of insulation molded between two thicknesses of concrete. These panels are formed with tongue and groove configuration along opposite sides, enabling them to be nested together. Spaced steel studs are encased in each exterior panel and a cap channel fits over and along the tops of the nested panels. A small bracket at the top of the panel which is exposed for the attachment of a top plate. A channeled top plate is fitted over the panels of a completed wall section. The steel studs are provided with spaced openings to permit flow through of the concrete in the forming of the panel. A channeled raceway is secured to the panels horizontally for receipt of piping and electrical conduits opening to the interior surface of panel. Teachings are absent which lead to retention of the molds in the finished panels.

Lewis '353 teaches the provision of load bearing wall sections having frame units formed of metal sections providing interconnected longitudinal frame members and interconnecting means defining a rectangular skeletal frame having an infill of rigid insulation. The metal sections are studs having passageways for reinforcing bars to pass through. The studs are C-shaped with flanges carrying said passageways. Two layers of insulation are fitted along the studs. Although the pouring of concrete to embed a portion of the studs and insulation assembly is taught, there is no disclosure indicating how the concrete is poured, nor do the drawings show the use of concrete, except as a footing ( FIG. 13 thereof) to which the panel is bolted. The entire framework is not enclosed in concrete.

Schilger provides a panel functioning as a building component. The panel comprises plural spaced C-shaped metal studs coupled to an rigid insulation board by projecting lugs, the lugs being embedded in a sprayed on concrete layer. A wire mesh reinforcing layer is applied to the concrete layer. An embodiment is illustrated in which the lugs projecting from the inner flanges of the studs are embedded in concrete, and, as well provision is mode to join adjacent panels via butt joints in which the lugs are embedded in a concrete floor. Concrete is poured into a horiztontally oriented form and the beam and formwork assembly is placed upside down in the wet concrete, the wire mesh sinking into the wet concrete until the panel surface engage the wet concrete. The formwork panel, i.e. the rigid insulation board to which the studs are secured by the lugs remains as a part of the final construction but the horizontally oriented form functions as a mold and is detached once the curing of the concrete is completed.

Sudrubin is directed to a thin reinforced wall formed of sprayed concrete and short lengths of glass fibers as a preformed outer shell intended to be exposed to the atmosphere. An inner load supporting structure is secured to the inner surface of the outer shell, said load supporting structure being formed of a metal frame aligned with the inner surface of the outer shell and spaced metal studs. The studs are flanged channel members seated in on their inner flanges in spaced array across the inner surface of the outer shell, each mid-portion of the studs carrying spaced cut-outs to permit concrete to flow therethrough and oriented perpendicular to said inner surface. Plural wire matrices are permanently applied to the inner surface of the outer shell in spaced array adjacent the studs, and cementatious material is applied thereover to form raised patches.

A fixture similative of the frame and stud array but having a lower flange thereof of a width generally equal to the width of the patches, is employed as a guide for the installation of the studs and frame are correctly installed.

Concrete is poured into the fixed arrangement of the frame and stud array with the flex-ties properly installed. Other walls may be formed substituting sheet insulation installed within the stud/frame before the concrete is introduced. After the concrete has cured, the resulting panel is tipped along its edge and installed as the building wall.

Finished panels thus are installed but no provision was made for installation of services, etc. after the panels have been erected installation of the load supporting structure. Plural flexible ties are attached to the patches at one of their ends and secured to the respective studs, said ties functioning as “tie-downs”. The patches are fixed in position by spraying same with a glass-fibrous material or concrete, and the other of the flexible tie-ends are secured to the wire matrice (and patch), holding the stud (studs) in properly orientated condition.

Staresinna et al provides a composite building panel comprising a slab of cementations fiber reinforced material and a stud framework keyed thereto. The studs are of C-configuration with a flange abutting the inner wall surface of the slab and a plurality of tabs are formed in the flange which project downwardly to key the stud in retaining the slab in the cementations layer. Each stud is formed with a center portion comprising a series of trusses. The slab had been formed by pouring the hardenable material into a suitable casting form, which may be provided with a decorative veneer or which may be discarded. Again the result is a decorative wall panel, but one which apparently lacks versatility.

Sheber does not incorporate metal studs of any form but rather provides a building panel having a wall section, a plurality of concrete reinforcing ribs disposed along an inner surface of the wall section and a plurality of nailing strips anchored along an outermost surface of each reinforcing rib. Reinforcing bars are disposed in the reinforcing ribs. The outer surface of the wall section contains an embossed decorative pattern. Interior wallboard is attached by nails to the nailing strips. The basic wall section is formed in a mold, the decorative formations are rolled onto the concrete surface, the concrete cured and the embossed panel is separated from the mold. The provision of variations in framing structure and the accommodation of installation of services is not considered.

Amormino teaches the formation of a precast concrete building panel formed of inner and outer panel elements with a steel wire mesh embedded through each panel element. A series of laterally spaced continuous steel rod trusses are interposed between the panels and at right angle thereto. An insulating panel is bonded between and overlying the interior side of the panels. Pairs of aligned panels and related corner panels are interconnected by a concrete column poured in situ between adjacent panels. The spaces between the panels function as an air barrier zone. The wire mesh reinforcement does not function as a supporting element. The finished wall panel is formed in a mold and the mold is separated from the finished wall panel after curing of the concrete.

Barrett, Jr. is directed to the provision of a prefabricated building panel which may be filled with a hardenable material which need not have substantial load-bearing characteristics. The panel has a metal load-bearing framework formed of C-shaped cross section placed across the central opening. Means for reinforcement, lifting means, receptacle boxes and interconnecting conduit for said boxes and other service installing means can be installed as desired. Insulating material can be installed in the central opening. The frame is placed in a horizontal orientation on a horizontal surface, a transversely extending lip is formed around both sides of frame. Concrete is poured into the frame, forming a first layer embedding the lower portion of the studs. Insulating material is placed on the first layer and a second concrete layer is poured thereupon. After the concrete layers are hardened, the lip is removed, the lip having functioned as a retainer—a forming mold.

The reinforcing bars can be placed across the central opening of the frame and can be embedded in another concrete poured, another temporary retainer member being installed and after curing, removed. Barrett, Jr. uses these temporary forms for other retaining purposes, and then, teaches the steps of removing these forms once the material retained was hardened.

Bodnar utilizes the stud truss type configuration taught by Staresina et al which has a locking strip defining an acute angle with the first surface of a concrete slab with the flange from which the locking strip is formed being embedded in the cast material. A mold is utilized and discarded after cure of the cast material. The cast “slab” is formed of two layers with wire mesh embedded therein.

Martin also teaches the formation of a frame, here preferably formed of spaced wood studs across the opening of the frame. A retaining mold surrounds the frame and concrete is poured into the mold. The frame can be introduced into the mold prior to the pouring of the concrete or after the concrete had been poured. The mold is removed after the concrete had been cured.

Zimmerman '529 provides a method of forming a prefabricated concrete wall of the type forming a strong, insulated basement wall off-site for later installation. This method employs precast concrete studs with steel reinforcing rods cast thereinto. As the studs are cast, a wood strip is cast onto one elongate narrow edge which eventually functions as a support for fastening dry wall. Fasteners are cast into the opposite edge which will hold the exterior surface. The method comprises orienting the concrete studs horizontally in a frame with the edges exposed and fasteners protrude from the edges, laying rigid insulation within the frame on top of the said edges with the fasteners piercing the insulation, pouring concrete into the enclosure defined by the frame covering the rigid insulation and the fasteners and allowing the concrete to set. Once set, the finished structure is removed from the frame. According the frame must be constructed, placed and then removed . . . not forming a part of the finished structure. The concrete studs are employed for vertical height and strength and cast concrete is applied for sealing and waterproofing the exterior wall.

Zimmerman '803 also forms a prefabricated building wall employing concrete studs. Precast concrete studs with fasteners protruding from one edge thereof is oriented in a horizontal plane. Rigid sheet insulation is attached to the outside of the studs and wire mesh is laid upon the sheet insulation. Concrete is poured onto the insulation, the wire mesh and the protruding fasteners. Top and bottom beams bonded to the studs are formed at the same time as the outer concrete surface is formed. The formation takes place in a mold which is removed after the concrete is cured. The resulting wall is a single integral structure transportable to the site of construction. The result is a fully embedded concrete unit as the prefabricated panel.

Renkert employs a mold form laid horizontally and places bricks at the indicated reception areas of the mold form and applies a layer of a fibrous cementations mixture to the spaced between the bricks and over the tops of the bricks. A lattice work consisting of steel studs arranged in a crossed lattice formation is laid onto the still soft cementations mixture. A resinous insulating material is foamed in situ in the mold cavities formed between the lattice work elements and a finish coat of cementations material is spread over the resinous insulating material by troweling or spraying. After the materials have finished curing, the mold form is removed. The resulting panel has an outer brick surface, and is insulated. No provision is made for installation of services.

Prichard, Jr provides a unitized reusable form for generally vertical concrete surfaces including plural form panels and metal supporting studs having associated fastening devices. The studs are provided with spaced holes to accept headed snap ties releasably maintained by fastening wedges communicating between the snap tie and the stud. The mold is defined by a pair of spaced wooden sheets retained by vertically oriented bars mounted on opposite sides of the wooden sheets by seating on a cross bar (or stud) array of the exterior studs, said studs carrying clips and waler supports for cross-beams or cross studs. Concrete filler is introduced between the pair of the vertically oriented wooden sheets from the upper end thereof to fill the spaces therebetween.

Zimmerman '398 utilizes precast concrete studs to build a framework of the vertical walls of a basement, rigid sheet insulation being attached to the outside of the concrete studs and wire mesh is attached to the insulation. Concrete is sprayed onto the insulation and wire mesh to form a continuous waterproof outer surface. The forming of such basement wall is performed on the construction site.

In contrast to Zimmerman '398, Zimmerman '121 provides a prefabricated concrete wall structure formed of concrete studs having integrated, interconnecting reinforcing structure comprising a horizontal beam within the stud and cross bars connected to said beams extending inward of the openings of the framework and adapted to be connected ones to the others to define an integrated network. The provision of a shear connector which interconnects the reinforcing rod in the vertical stud to the rods in the top and base beams of the frame. An assembly jig is formed and the framework is formed therein. The jig includes stud molds from which the skeleton of the wall section is assembled.

The studs include holes therethrough at various locations along their length to permit electrical cable and plumbing pipes to pass therethrough after the wall section is installed as a part of a building. In constructing the wall section, the reinforcing rods are arranged and wired together. The stud molds are oriented perpendicular to support members within which concrete is poured. The required network of reinforcing rods is assembled with the stud molds located so only one is located adjacent to the frame member, the internal stud molds of the skeletal framework extending fully between the support members. Then three successive layers is applied to the stud mold framework. The first layer is rigid insulation laid across the entire framework except for the tops of the stud molds and the support members. The next layer is wire mesh to reinforce the to be formed concrete layer. The wire mesh is laid across the entire insulation layer. The final layer is the concrete covering everything. After the concrete hardens, the resulting wall section is lifted from the assembly jig.

Zimmerman '252 is directed to a method of constructing a prefabricated wall structure including the steps of orienting interspaced stud molds, with channel shaped cross section configurations and edges defining an open portion of channel shape, in a horizontal configuration within a framing means so that the edges of the stud molds form uppermost parts of the stud molds and are located within an essentially horizontal plane within the framing means; orienting two parallel support members configured like the above mentioned stud molds but with channel shaped cutouts in one wall of the channel configuration at opposite ends of the stud molds so that the stud molds adjoin the support members at said channel shaped cutouts and the edges of the support members are uppermost and are located in the horizontal plane of the edges of the stud molds. Next, layers of rigid insulation panels are laid within the framing means on top of the edges of the stud molds and support members but not covering the open portions, whereby to form a continuous surface within the framing means. Lastly, concrete is poured into the enclosure formed by the framing means to form the prefabricated wall structure when cured. Thereafter, the wall structure is removed from the framing means, i.e. the “mold”.

Nessa et al and Kim each employ interlocking metal panels arranged to form a form-fil wall which is filled with concrete and the form becomes part of the finished wall. Nessa et al provides a formwork including plural interconnectable disposable generally cylindrical metal elements, each consisting of an elongated, thin-walled cylinder-shaped element adapted to be coupled to a next like element, the elements being vertically oriented and filled with concrete forming a row of fused concrete columns. The forms can remain as the external surfaces or can be removed. Kim provides a form-fil concrete wall assembled from a plurality of connected metal wall panels but not formed into cylindrical columns but connected to define a continuous wall having inner and outer panels, concrete being used to fill the spaces between the panels. The form-fil panels are retained to form the finished siding of the resultant wall. The cross-section of the resultant wall is octagonal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a method of forming a prefabricated self-contained molded building panel using a skeletal assembly, including a forming structure, the assembly of structural steel channels including insulation means and a forming structure as a part thereof, at least a portion of said assembly being, embedded in concrete or other self-hardenable material and the forming structure remaining an integral part of the resulting building panel.

The structural steel channels are provided with holes for receipt of fasteners, reinforcing means and services, said holes providing a pass-through for integrating the concrete or other self-hardenable material into and through the structural steel channels whereby said structural steel channels resist bending under vertical load and under horizontal loads due to wind pressure. Base plate extensions are provided which serve to restrain the flow of the concrete confining the concrete, said extensions extending to the edge of the concrete enabling the panel to be self-contained, enabling the framing structure to be retained in the panel rather than requiring fabrication in a mold which must be separated from the finished unit. According to the invention, the individual finished wall panels, upon curing or hardening, are ready for transport to the construction site and installation at said construction or can be completed at the construction site.

The panel according to the invention enables inclusion of variations of and attachments to the steel stud/concrete framework so as to enable joists to be substituted for or incorporated with the steel studs so that the resultant panel can be installed to any desired pitch or slope of the building roof.

Further, the invention enables the wall panel to be supported on a caisson in lieu of a footing or directly on a stone base. A section of a parapet wall can be combined with a building wall panel of the invention and be installed above the steel joists. Means also are provided to facilitate coupling of individual panels to form a lengthened wall with or without corners.

The invention also provides a novel flexible brick facing, including mouldings alone or capable of being incorporated onto the concrete surface of said building panel enabling the provision of decorative surface patterns on the outside surfaces of the finished wall panels, the said brick facing, including mouldings and other decorative patterns to be applied during the formation of the panels.

Additionally, the invention contemplates partially and/or completely filled panels functioning as joists and/or truss structures formed at the manufacturing plant or on a construction site.

Further, the method of the invention enables the inclusion of windows and doors as a part of the self-contained building wall panels. The building panels according to the invention can be installed as rafters, joists as well as walls as floors and/or disposed angularly oriented for building construction applications.

The invention also contemplates the provision of decorative surface patterns on the inside and/or the outside surfaces of the finished wall panels, the said patterns being applied during the formation of said wall panels.

The invention further provides a pre-fabricated molded combination concrete panel/truss structure, the truss structure thereof being formed of a simplified meeting conventional truss structural requirements yet being easily and economically constructed.

Additionally, the invention provides novel means for assuring the drainage for any moisture penetrating building walls, such as foundation walls for example, at weaknesses such as cracks, fissures or junctions, from the exterior of such building walls, such means capable of being introduced into the earth or stone areas bordering such building walls.

Also, the invention provides for the formation of load carrying beams extending either angular from or parallel to a vertically oriented building wall, said load carrying beams being an intimate part of the building wall.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the wall panel according to the invention illustrated as installed on a footing;

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention illustrated as installed on a footing; FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C are fragmentary horizontal plan detail views of wall panels according to the invention illustrating respectively, an outside corner, a butt joint between adjacent wall sections and an inside corner;

FIG. 3D is an isometric view of a building wall comprising an assembly of the panels illustrated in FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C, portions broken away to illustrate interior structures;

FIG. 3E is an exploded perspective view of a portion of a water-stop element modified from the water-stop element shown installed in FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 D;

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a further modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention illustrated as installed on a steel cassion;

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of an additional modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention illustrated as installed on a concrete footing;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary plan view of another modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention as shown in FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the wall panel illustrated in FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the wall panel illustrated in FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of a further modified embodiment of the wall panel section according to the invention illustrated as installed below ground level;

FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of a further modified embodiment of the wall panel illustrated in FIG. 10 adapted to be installed on a concrete footing;

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of modified embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention which is illustrated in FIG. 10 , portions broken off to show interior construction and which is not installed below ground;

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary detail of the wall panel according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 and illustrated with a parapet wall employed with a illustrated with a roof of a building construction shown in phantom representation;

FIG. 14 is a fragmentary plan detail of a wall panel assembly similar to the wall panel illustrated in FIG. 12 ;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of the wall panel according to the invention and the forming structure therefor illustrated during the formation of the wall panel according to the method of the invention, portions broken away to show interior structures;

FIG. 16 is a enlarged detail sectional view taken through line 16 — 16 of FIG. 15 illustrating the structure showing details of the window construction of the wall panel in the process of formation;

FIG. 17 is an isometric view of the wall panel according to the invention as installed in upright position, portions broken away to show interior structure, the footing and adjacent floor and ground environment being illustrated in phantom representation;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of an installation of further modified embodiments of the wall panel according to the invention, including a pair of corner structures illustrating inside and outside changes in wall direction;

FIG. 19 is a vertical section taken along lines 19 — 19 of FIG. 18 as viewed in the direction of the arrows;

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a decorative brick layer formation adapted to be applied to a wall surface of the wall panel constructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a flexible decorative brick facing adapted to be applied to the planar outer concrete surface of the a wall panel embodying the invention during the formation of the wall panel, portions being shown to illustrates the steps in formation of said facing, including the arrangement of the thin brick tiles in a pattern on the planar table surface, the application of adhesive mounds on the brick surface and the placement of a woven web screen onto the resulting surface.

FIG. 22 is a fragmentary sectional detail illustrating a finished embodiment of the wall panel of the invention carrying the brick facing installed as a part thereof;

FIG. 23 is an elevational view of the brick facing illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21

FIG. 24 is a fragmentary sectional detail illustrating a typical moulding structure adapted to be secured to the wet surface of a hardenable material such as concrete;

FIG. 25 is an elevational sectional detail of a modified building panel similar to the panel illustrated in FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 26 is an isometric detail of a portion of the skeletal assembly employed in the modified building panel illustrated in FIG. 25 ;

FIG. 27 is a partial sectional elevational view of a combination concrete panel and truss constructed according to the method of the invention;

FIG. 28 is a partial sectional elevational view of a modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 26 and shown coupled to a building wall construction formed of a pair of modified embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 29 is an isometric view of the combined concrete panel and truss illustrated in FIG. 28 and constructed in accordance with the invention, portions broken away to illustrate interior construction thereof;

FIG. 30 is a sectional elevational view of a modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 28 suitable for installation as an angularly disposed roof truss, same being shown as coupled to a building panel constructed according to the invention;

FIG. 31 is a sectional elevational view of a modified embodiment of the invention suitable for installation as an angularly disposed panel coupled to a building panel constructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 32 is a sectional view of a modified embodiment of the combination concrete panel and truss shown in FIG. 27 shown coupled to a horizontally oriented combination concrete panel and truss closely similar to the combination concrete panel and truss shown in FIG. 27 ;

FIG. 33 is a fragmentary sectional detail illustrating a modified combination concrete panel and truss similar to the combination concrete panel and truss illustrated in FIG. 26 but modified to have a substantially the same combination concrete wall structures characterized as opposite double-walled panel units;

FIG. 34 is a plan view of a building panel installation according to the invention formed as an assemblage of combination concrete panel and truss panels, each closely similar to the combination concrete and truss panel shown in FIG. 32 , said assemblage providing changes in direction to provide outside and inside corners;

FIG. 35 is an isometric view of the truss structure according to the invention, said truss structure being adapted to be incorporated as an intimate part of the panels according to the invention;

FIG. 36 is an isometric representation of a modified building panel according to the invention wherein a structural load carrying beam is intimately part of the panel and defined as extending outward horizontally parallel to said panel, said FIGURE illustrating one method of forming said load carrying beam;

FIG. 37 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 37 — 37 of FIG. 36 and viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows;

FIG. 38 is an isometric representation of a modified building panel incorporating a concrete load carrying beam formed incorporated as an intimate part of said building structure as shown in FIG. 36 but modified to illustrate another method of forming the parallel arranged load carrying beam thereof;

FIG. 39 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 39 - 39 of FIG. 38 and viewed in the direction of the arrows to illustrate the modified method of forming the parallel arranged load carrying beam thereof;

FIG. 40 is an isometric representation of an arrangement of a pair of panels engaged end to end with a parallel arranged load carrying beam formed bridging the juncture of said pair of panels, the arrangement being closely similar to the respective panels shown in FIGS. 36 and 38 and illustrating a further modified method of forming the load carrying beam thereof;

FIG. 41 is a fragmentary sectional plan view taken along lines 41 — 41 of FIG. 40 as viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows illustrating the further modified method of forming the load carrying beam;

FIG. 42 is a sectional view of the modified combination arrangement of a pair of concrete panels and a concrete panel and truss arrangement similar to the combination arrangement shown in FIG. 28 and illustrating the inclusion of a panel arrangement wherein one panel thereof carries a parallel load carrying beam unitary with the combination concrete panel and truss;

FIG. 43 is a sectional view of a modified combination arrangement of a pair of concrete panels and a concrete panel and truss arrangement similar to the combination arrangement shown in FIG. 28 and illustrating the inclusion of a panel arrangement wherein each of the panels are provided with a continuous load carrying beam perpendicular to the channels of said panels and the truss of the combination concrete panel and truss, and illustrating a method of forming same as a continuous load carrying beam;

FIG. 44 is a sectional view of a modified embodiment of the arrangement of a vertically oriented combination concrete panel and truss shown coupled to a horizontally oriented combination concrete panel and truss similar to the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 32 , the modification involving the provision of a load carrying beam at the lower end of the vertically oriented combination concrete beam and truss, as well as a joint load carrying beam at the upper end of said vertically oriented combination concrete panel and truss, said joint load carrying beam extending into the horizontally oriented combination concrete panel and truss, and illustrating the method of forming said respective beams; and,

FIG. 45 is a fragmentary sectional detail of a modified embodiment of the combination concrete panel and truss shown in FIG. 27 , said modification providing a load carrying beam as a part of the truss;

FIG. 46 is an isometric view of a concrete form according to the invention for providing a structural column independent of or combined with a building structure;

FIG. 47 is an isometric view of a concrete form according to the invention similar to the concrete form illustrated in FIG. 46 but modified to provide a structural beam resting on, and as a part of, a building structure; and,

FIG. 48 is an isometric view of a concrete form according to the invention similar to the concrete form illustrated in FIG. 46 but modified to provide a horizontally disposed structural support beam in combination with a building structure.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The prefabricated building panel according to the invention includes self-contained building panels formed of a skeletal assembly encased in a forming structure and embedded in a hardenable material such as concrete, for example. The skeletal assembly is formed of a plurality of spaced parallel vertically arranged steel structural channels with insulation, reinforcing means and means for incorporating additional add-on structure for attaching various structural elements enabling the resulting building panel to be employed for the construction of various building constructions, yet enables off-site formation and transport to a job site ready for installation in a building construction. Completion of the skeletal assembly at a plant site and completion of the concrete fill at the construction site also is enabled and contemplated. The skeletal assembly further includes means for establishing interior flow paths facilitating the passage of the poured concrete into the interstices of the skeletal structure without leaving air-holes or air-pockets within the embedded skeletal assembly and the building panel. The forming structure is retained and is incorporated as a integral part of the building panel.

The building panel according to the invention is capable of functioning as rafters, joists, floors and walls (including basement and foundation walls).

The building panel formed in accordance with the invention can be modified to function not only as a building wall but is a combination of a concrete panel and a truss, capable of forming flat roof as well as an angled roof, basement walls, vertical building walls and foundation walls with unusual strength and substantial load bearing capacity, the resulting building wall can be of height substantially greater than possible when employing conventional prefabricated concrete panels.

The herein invention further involves the provision of a novel, useful and unobvious simple structural truss which can be incorporated as an intimate part of the panel of the invention, but also can be useful for the performance of structural truss functions.

There will be described a flexible brick facing which can be applied to any wet concrete surface for use in providing a decorative surface to a concrete building panel. In addition, there will be described hereinafter, means for providing a building panel with either a perpendicular, angular or parallel load carrying beam formed as an intimate part of a building panel.

The herein invention further is directed to the method of forming the building panel by a molding process in which the selected add on structures are incorporated to produce the self-contained pre-fabricated building panel. The building panel is formed by molding using a forming structure which is incorporated in and retained as a integral part of the building panel, and need not be disassembled or torn down after use.

For the purpose of the description to follow, reference will be made to the skeletal assemblies of the components forming the self-standing components of the panels of the invention, as well as the forming structure employed in the practice of the method of the invention. Each of the panels to be described hereinafter will be designated generally by certain reference numbers. The skeletal assemblies related to each of said panels will be designated generally by reference characters directed related to the generally designated reference characters while the forming structure related to the formation of each of said panels will also be identified by reference characters also directly related to the designated general reference characters employed generally to designate the particular related panel. These general designations will be displayed on each of the respective FIGURES of the drawings. These general designations with their specific relationships to specific panels should prevent any possible confusion in coordinating the specific reference characters to the specific panels.

Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the building panel according to the invention is illustrated in vertical installed condition and is designed generally by reference character 10 . The panel 10 comprises a skeletal assembly designated generally by reference character 10 A arranged in a forming structure designated generally by reference character 10 B (best shown in FIG. 15 ) and is embedded in a hardenable material, such as concrete. The skeletal assembly 10 A includes plural spaced elongate like structural steel channels 16 vertically arranged in a row, each channel having a web 16 A and inside and outside longitudinal edge flanges 16 B and 16 C; a top steel channeled base plate 18 and a bottom steel base plate 20 functioning as channel retainers. The top base plate 18 hag a web portion 18 A, an inside flange 18 B and an outside flange 18 C. The bottom base plate 20 has a web portion 20 A, an inside flange 20 B and an outside flange 20 C. The top base plate 18 is fitted-over the upper end of the row of channels 16 while the bottom of the row of channels 16 is fitted within the bottom base plate 20 . An elongate angle 24 is arranged along the length of the outside edge flange 20 C of the bottom base plate 20 , one leg 24 A abutting the outside flanges 20 C of the bottom base plate 20 and secured thereto preferably by spot welding. The other leg 24 B is adapted to rest upon the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) to which the panel 10 is to be secured. A second angle 26 is arranged along the length of the inside flange 20 B of the bottom base plate 20 , one leg 26 A abutting the flange 20 B of the bottom base plate 20 and secured thereto preferably by spot welding. The other leg 26 B is secured to the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) via an anchor bolt,washer and nut assembly 28 , the bolt of which being embedded within the said concrete footing. Inverted spacers 22 formed of a web portion 22 A and opposite end flanges 22 B and 22 C are interspersed between the channels 16 to brace the concrete. An angle 30 is secured to the outside flange 18 C of the top base plate, leg 30 A abutting the structures shown in phantom, said leg 30 A being secured to respective flanges 18 C and preferably by spot welding. Leg 30 B can be formed long enough so as to serve to contain the concrete during the introduction of concrete into the forming structure. The leg 30 B can be formed long enough so as to extend horizontally outward sufficiently to function as a ledge for supporting the typical framing of the building, such as brick veneer or building framing (represented by phantom outline).

Angle 31 is located substantially midway along the length of the outer longitudinal edge flange 16 with the leg 31 A secured to the outer longitudinal edge flange and the horizontal leg 31 B extending outwardly parallel to the leg 30 B so as to result in a thickened portion 31 A of the concrete wall resulting when concrete is introduced to the forming structure 10 B when the forming structure 10 B, with the skeletal assembly 10 A therein, is oriented horizontally. The thickened portions 31 A supply added strength to the protruding horizontal legs 30 B and 31 B of angles 30 and 31 , and additional support for a taller panel which may be combined with panel 10 in constructing a building.

Rigid sheet members such as rigid insulation boards 32 are arranged between the web portions 16 A of the channels 16 . Such rigid sheets can comprise a single member of length capable of resting on the inside and/or the outside flanges of each of the row of channels 16 . The rigid insulation boards 32 can be supported by punch-out tabs 34 formed in the web 16 A of the channels 16 or by small angle members (not shown) which can be secured to web 16 A or to the inside surface of the outside flanges 16 C of the channels. It should be noted that when the legs 30 B and 24 B of angles 30 and 24 , are formed to extend outward the same distance from the base plates 30 and 24 , and serve to restrain the flow of concrete during the introduction thereof the thickness of the concrete layer is defined so that the outer concrete surface is flush with the terminal edges thereof whereby the outwardly facing concrete wall resulting subsequent to introduction of concrete into the forming structure 10 B will have a planar surface.

The forming structure 10 B comprises the top and bottom base plates 18 , 20 and their associated angles 24 , 30 , the rigid sheet(s) such as the rigid insulation boards 32 , a portion of the web 16 A and the outside flanges 16 C of the channels 16 . Concrete is introduced into the forming structure 10 B which fills the forming structure 10 B including the cavities between channels, to define the outwardly facing wall. Two rows of spaced flow-through holes 36 are formed spaced along the length of webs 16 A of the channels 16 , the holes 36 being aligned when the channels 16 are installed between the base plates 18 and 20 . Horizontally oriented reinforcing rods 38 can be passed through the holes 36 .

Electrical boxes, conduit for other services, etc.(not shown) can be positioned bolted or otherwise secured to selected ones of the channels 16 , access being easy to obtain. The embedding concrete extends only along a portion of the web 16 A and the outside flange 16 C of each channel, the rigid insulation and the outside wall of the completed panel 10 . The web 18 A of top steel base plate 18 carries a key-shaped passage hole 44 and a bolt 42 of bolt/washer/nut assembly 42 is passed from the interior of the panel through the key-hole 44 and extends outward for coupling the panel 10 to the superstructure of the building (shown in phantom line representation). It should be noted that bolts 46 can be provided passing through the webs 16 A of the channels 16 to connect the channels, and, additionally, where the channel 16 is an end channel of the panel, the bolts extend outward of the sides of the panel 10 for use in coupling adjacent panels end to end, when desired.

In forming the panel 10 , the skeletal assembly 10 A is completed and disposed upon a planar surface in horizontal orientation so that the skeletal assembly 10 A with the array of channels 16 is oriented horizontally, with the rigid insulation board 32 and the inside flanges 18 B, 20 B of the top and bottom base plates engaged with the planar surface and the cavities defined by the channels opening upwardly. The concrete is poured into the upwardly facing side of the forming structure 10 B until the level thereof reaches the level of the ends of legs 24 B and 30 B of angles 24 and 30 . The outside of the concrete surface is flush with the ends of said legs 24 B and 30 B. Where the leg 30 B is longer than leg 24 B, as shown in FIG. 1 , a thickened concrete area 31 A is formed, supplying extra strength load bearing capacity for angle 30 .

In FIG. 2 , a modified embodiment of the wall panel of the invention is designated generally by reference character 50 . Panel 50 is similar to panel 10 of FIG. 1 in that panel 50 is thinner and the webs 52 A of channels 52 are narrower than the webs 16 A of channels 16 . Only one row of holes 54 are formed in the webs 52 A of the channels 52 to allow the concrete to flow therethrough. The holes 54 are aligned and reinforcing steel bars 56 are illustrated as disposed therethrough. The upper and lower bolts 58 extend outward of the end of the panel 50 serving to fasten the next adjacent panel. Top steel base plate 60 having a web 60 A and opposite edge flanges 60 B and 60 C is secured to the inside and outside flanges 52 B and 52 C of the channels 52 while bottom steel base plate 62 has inside and outside flanges 62 B and 62 C respectively. An elongate angle 64 is arranged with the leg 64 A abutting the inside flange 62 B of the bottom steel base plate 62 , secured thereto by spot welding. The leg 64 B rests upon the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) to which said leg 64 B is secured by bolt/washer/nut assembly 66 , the bolt thereof being embedded in the precast or poured in place concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) extending upward therefrom, tightening of the nut of said bolt/washer/nut assembly 66 securing the leg 64 B and the panel 50 to said concrete footing. A rigid insulation board 68 is disposed adjacent the inside flanges 52 B of the channels 52 . Angle 70 is disposed secured in abutting relation to the outside flanges 62 C of the bottom base plates 62 while angle 72 is secured in abutting relation to the outside flanges 60 C of the top base plates 60 along the length thereof. The legs 70 C and 72 C of the respective angles 70 and 72 extend horizontally outward and serve as a part of the forming structure 50 B and, like the equivalent legs 24 B and 30 B of panel 10 , function to define a ledge to support the typical brick veneer or building framing (shown in phantom outline). The horizontal extension of leg 72 C of angle 72 enables an alternate thickened portion adjacent to the undersurface of said leg 72 C to be formed, depending upon the thickness of the wall construction, framing, brick veneer and the like and load applied thereby which will rest on said completed panel 50 . The forming structure 50 B remains an integral part of the completed panel 50 .

Directing attention to FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C, there are illustrated three junctions between adjacent wall panels. FIG. 3A illustrates a outside corner junction between two wall panels 10 A′ and 10 B′ which are arranged to intersect perpendicular at their ends defining a corner and the concrete surfaces are in proximity to each other at a corner; FIG. 3B illustrates a butt joint between two parallel panels 10 B′, 10 C′ abutting end to end, the panels being mirror images; and, FIG. 3C illustrates an inside corner, that is a junction of two panels 10 C′ and 10 D′ respectively abutting and coupled together.

In FIG. 3A , the channel 76 of panel 10 A′ has an angle 78 abutting the outside flange 76 C thereof with the leg 78 A thereof secured thereto, the leg 78 B extending perpendicular to the web 76 A of said channel 76 and rigid insulation boards 77 seated adjacent the web 76 A form a border part of the forming structure thereof. The panel 10 A′ is arranged perpendicular to the panel 10 B′.

Panel 10 B′ has a channel 80 having a central web 80 A, a outer flange 80 C and an inner flange 80 B. The outer flange BOC is secured to the web 76 A of the channel 76 of panel 10 A′ and is secured thereto via bolt/washer/nut assembly 84 for effecting the connection between the panels 10 A′ and 10 B′. Angle 90 is disposed along the flange 92 C of web-to-web double sided channel 92 of panel 10 B′ with leg 90 B secured thereto so that extended leg 90 A thereof is parallel to the flange 92 C of web-to-web double sided channel 92 . Rigid insulation board 94 is seated adjacent the web 92 A at panel 10 B′ and defines a chamber 96 which provides an angular path for concrete introduced into the exterior of panels 10 A′ and 10 B′ for filling the chamber 96 and the area of panel 10 B′ between the rigid insulation board and the forming structure 10 'B employed in the formation of panel 10 B′. Caulking beads 88 are introduced between web 76 and flange 92 C, and between angle leg 90 B and flange 92 C of panel 10 B′ as well as between flange 92 C of panel 10 B′ and angle 78 B of panel 10 A′. An angle 1001 is secured to the footing (not shown) with the vertical leg 100 A thereof secured to the inner flange 76 B of the channel 76 and the web 80 A of channel 80 . An equivalent angle 100 is secured to flange 92 B of the web-to-web double sided channel 92 .

An elongate-water-stop element 101 is installed adhered to the surfaces along the exterior length of the juncture between panels 10 A′ and 10 B′ and closely proximate to the exterior surface thereof. Water-stop element 101 is formed of a central planar web 101 A and angular legs 101 B and 101 C, each of which is installed closely proximate the connection thereof extending along the length of said mid-portion 101 A. The water stop element 101 , when installed into the earth closely adjacent the said juncture and bridging same functions to define an air chamber or pocket 103 which receives any moisture bleeding through the said juncture or percolating through the area adjacent thereto. The material forming the water-stop element 101 preferably should have fine perforations which would pass moisture through the sides thereof by capillarity to increase the drainage of moisture received from the surrounding ground since the said water-stop element 101 is intended to be installed to reach the depth of the footing (not shown).

In FIG. 3B , a butt joint is established when the end of one panel 10 B′ is parallel with the adjacent panel 10 C′. Caulking beads 102 are applied at the abutting ends of said panels 10 B'. An angle 104 is secured to the footing (not shown) bridging the juncture of the abutting ends of said panels 10 B′ and 10 C′, with the leg 104 A thereof secured to the inner flanges 106 B of the respective end channels 108 of said abutting panels, the respective webs 108 A of said end channels being secured together by bolt/washer/nut assembly 110 .

An elongate water-stop element 101 ′ is illustrated installed adhered to the surfaces along the exterior length of the junction of panels 10 B′ and 10 C′ closely proximate the exterior surface thereof. Water-stop element 101 ′ comprises a triangular mid-portion 101 ′A having opposite arms 101 ′B and 101 ° C. unitary therewith and extending along the length of said mid-portion 101 ′A bridging the junction of panels 10 B′ and 10 C′. The water-stop element 101 ′, when installed into the earth closely adjacent said juncture and bridging same functions to define an air chamber or pocket 103 ′ which receives any moisture bleeding from the exterior of the juncture or percolating through the area adjacent thereto. The material forming the water-stop element 101 ′ preferably should have fine perforations which would pass moisture through the sides thereof by capillarity to increase the drainage of moisture received from the surrounding ground since the said water-stop element 101 ′ is intended to be installed to reach the depth of the footing (not shown).

FIG. 3C illustrates an outside and inside corner arrangement of two panels, 10 C′ and 10 D′. The channel 112 at the end of panel 10 C′ abuts the channel 114 of the end of adjacent panel 10 D′. The panel 10 C′ is disposed perpendicular to the panel 10 D′ with the steel channel 112 . Angle 116 is attached to the web 112 A with leg 116 A and leg 116 B now being coplanar with flange 112 B of panel 10 C′. Caulking beads 118 are introduced between the leg 120 A of angle 120 and the web 114 A of panel 10 D′ and flange 112 B and angle 116 B. The bolt/washer/nut assembly 124 secures the inner flange 112 B of channel 112 of panel 10 C′ to the web 114 A of the channel 114 of the panel 10 D′. A water-stop element 101 ′ (described in respect of the juncture of panels 10 B′ and 10 C′) is installed closely proximate to the exterior or outside walls of panels 10 C′ and 10 D′ which define the corner junction thereof. It should be noted that the air-pockets (chambers) 103 and 103 ′ defined by the water-stops 101 ′ can be filled with fine gravel (stones) to facilitate percolation of water through the air pocket defined thereby.

In FIG. 3D , the wall construction represented in the plan representation in FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C are shown in isometric representation which illustrates the outside corner of FIG. 3A , the planar section of the wall construction including the butt joint of panels 10 B′ and 10 C′ illustrated in FIG. 3 B and the inside corner defined by the junction of panels 10 C′ and 10 D′ which is illustrated in plan representation in FIG. 3 C. Panels 3 A′ and 3 B′, at their junction, are illustrated with the associated angle 103 fastened to the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) and the panels 10 A′ and 10 B′ shown with the rows of holes formed in the channels thereof, including the web-to-web channel 92 and further illustrating the imperforate end channel 80 . Channel 76 is shown with a narrow U-channeled reinforcing member 111 disposed through the selected hole 105 formed in the channels 76 and 108 . The water-stops 101 and 101 ′ are shown installed on the respective surfaces at the junctions between the panels 10 D′ and 10 D′, 10 C′ and 10 B′ and 10 B′ and 10 A respectively with the weep-hole 101 'A illustrated.

FIG. 3E illustrates a further modified water-stop element 101 ″ suitable for installation adjacent an already completed exterior basement and/or foundation wall (not shown). The water-stop element 101 ″ comprises a hollow triangular rigid member 101 A″ having an open top 101 B″ and an opposite blade end 101 C″. A second triangular hollow rigid member 101 D″ is adapted to be introduced into the open top 101 B″ of element 101 A″ and forced therein, preferably by use of a hammer or sledge-hammer, until jammed therein. Additional elements 101 ″ can be introduced so that the combined elements 101 D″ and 101 A″ when inter-engaged, reach the depth of the wall, e.g. which could be an exterior basement wall (not shown).

Attention is directed now to FIG. 4 wherein a modified embodiment of the invention comprise a panel designated generally respectively by reference character 126 . Panel 126 is constructed to be seated as a bridge spanning between a series of buried caissons (shown in phantom outline) as well as mounting a suspended wood basement floor (also shown in phantom outline). The skeletal assembly 126 A of panel 126 includes the spaced channel array of which the representative channel 128 is illustrated as seated between the top base plate 130 and the bottom base plates 132 . A Z-channel 134 having a horizontal leg 134 B secured to the web 130 A of the top base plate 130 , a unitary vertical leg 134 A and a unitary horizontal leg 134 C capable of functioning as a support for a brick load, if necessary. It is contemplated that the Z-channel 134 can be modified so as to provide the horizontal web 134 A with a vertical flange (not shown) unitary with the horizontal leg 134 B of the Z-channel 134 depending downardly from the free edge thereof so as to enable the modified Z-channel 134 to function the same as the base plate for the panel 126 in lieu of the top base plate 130 illustrated in FIG. 4 , the said vertical flange (not shown) functioning as the inner flange 130 B of the replaced base plate 130 . The outer flange 130 C of said replaced base plate 130 can be replaced with a planar steel flat steel member (not shown) of a width which is the same as the width of said flange 130 C.

Frame siding (shown in phantom outline) can be installed on the superstructure (also represented in phantom outline). The remainder of the superstructure of the building construction also is shown in phantom outline and is mounted on the top base plate 130 of panel 126 by the bolt of the bolt/washer/nut assembly 136 which extends through the top base plate 130 and fastened by the washer and nut of said bolt/washer/nut assembly 136 . A rigid insulation board 138 is fastened to the outer flange 130 C (or the aforementioned equivalent steel flat member (not shown replacing the outer flange 130 when the modified Z-channel is employed in lieu of the replaced top base plate 130 ) and also is secured to the outer flange 128 C of the channel 128 which, as mentioned earlier, is one of the channel array incorporated in the skeletal assembly 126 A by double headed screw 140 . The rigid insulation board 138 also is secured to the outer flange 132 C of the bottom base plate 132 and the outer flange 128 C of the channel 128 by a double headed screw 140 . A relatively fine air space 141 is defined by the thickness of the flanges 130 C (where the aforementioned steel flat plate (not shown) is employed when the modified Z-channel 134 is employed in lieu of base plate 130 ). This air space 141 is capable of receiving the rigid insulation board 138 when said rigid insulation board is pressed thereinto by the weight of the concrete.

The concrete grade beam 144 is unitary with the panel 126 and is formed of a “C”-channel 146 having an upper horizontal flange 146 B, an intermediate vertical web 146 A and a lower horizontal flange 146 C together defining a chamber or cavity 148 adapted to receive concrete during the introduction of concrete into the remaining pertinent locations within the panel 126 . The concrete grade beam 144 functions as an intermediate connector between the buried cassion (shown in phantom line) and the panel 126 . The upper horizontal flange 146 B of the “C”-channel 146 is connected to the web 132 A of the bottom base plate 132 and to the concrete grade beam 144 by weld 147 . The concrete grade beam 144 includes a pair of reinforcing bars 150 A and 150 B extending horizontally therethrough and a pair of L-shaped bolts 152 A and 152 B which, with the reinforcing bars 150 A and 150 B, are embedded in the concrete, when filled therewith. The threaded end 152 C of bolt 152 A extends through the vertical web 146 A to engage the floor or other adjacent structure (represented in phantom outline) for connection of the concrete grade beam 144 , and the panel 126 thereto. The leg 154 A of angle 154 is secured to the web 146 A of said “C”-channel 146 with the flange 146 C resting upon the upper end of the buried cassion. The threaded end 152 D of bolt 152 B also extends through the vertical web 146 A as well as through the leg 154 A of angle 154 and is secured to the adjacent structure, here a suspended wood basement floor (represented in phantom outline). An elongate anchor bolt 156 passes through the leg 154 B of angle 154 with its end (not shown) for securing the adjacent structure to the buried cassion. The securement of the leg 154 B of angle 154 to the adjacent structure is accomplished by bolt/washer/nut assembly 158 . The hook reinforcing rod 159 passes through web 128 A and passes through aligned holes in base plate flange 132 A and the channel flange 146 B, and hooks around the reinforcing bar 150 A.

The skeletal assembly 126 A of the panel 126 , as well as the other panels described or to be described hereinafter are placed horizontally oriented, except for those panels to which concrete is introduced through an open top thereof, and the concrete is introduced to the forming structure 126 B for the panels while the skeletal assembly and the forming structure 126 B is disposed in said horizontal orientation.

A further modified panel of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 and designated generally by reference character 160 . The panel 160 as seated on a rectangular solid footing (shown in phantom outline) which can be formed of concrete or other suitable material. Panel 160 is similar to panel 126 but differs in that the panel 160 is seated secured to the solid rectangular footing (represented in phantom outline) and that each channel 162 of the channel array is provided with only a single row of spaced holes 163 along the web 162 A of said channel 162 . Each channel 162 of the channel array included as a part of the skeletal assembly 160 A of panel 160 is seated between the top base plate 164 and the bottom base plate 166 . The top base plate 164 includes a web 164 A, an inside flange 164 B and an outside flange 164 C. The leg 168 A of angle 168 is secured to the inside flange 166 B of base plate 166 with leg 168 B resting upon the concrete footing (represented in phantom outline). The leg 168 B and, hence, the panel 160 is secured to the concrete footing via an L-bolt embedded within the concrete foot and extending outward thereof, said L-bolt being a part of the bolt/washer/nut assembly 171 . An angle 170 is secured to the outer flange 164 C of the top base plate 164 . The leg 170 A of angle 170 is secured to the outside flange 164 C of the top base plate 164 and leg 170 B functions as an extension thereof capable of supporting framing or brick veneer facing (represented by the rectangular phantom outline) and/or other load exerting structure. An area 170 B′ of thickened concrete is formed supplying extra strength to load bearing angle 170 (similar to the thickened portion 31 A described as provided in panel 10 ). The thickness and size of the steel channel(s) vary depending upon the vertical load if and when additional floor and roof loads are contemplated. The double-headed screws as well as the rigid insulation board, the steel top and bottom base plates and the related angles define the forming structure 160 B which remains as an integral part of the panel 126 once the concrete is cured.

In FIGS. 6 through 9 , there are illustrated modified embodiments of the invention in which the rigid sheeting comprises steel decking instead of the rigid insulation board to provide panels designated generally by reference characters 172 and 174 . In FIGS. 6 and 8 , the steel decking 176 is applied to the outer flanges 178 C of the channels 178 and secured thereto by means of double-headed screw 180 and concrete is poured thereover to form concrete layer 182 .

In FIG. 7 , the panel 174 is illustrated with the steel decking 184 illustrated as laid upon the outer flanges 188 C of the channels 188 with the portions 190 of said decking 184 inserted between the channels 188 . The decking 184 is fastened to outer flanges 188 C by bolts 194 and concrete is poured thereover to form the concrete layer 182 . In respect of panels 172 and 174 , a rigid wall board or steel sheet may be interposed between the decking and the outer flanges of the respective channels to provide additional strength.

The ends of each panel 172 and 174 are illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 respectively. In FIG. 8 , the top base plate 198 having web 198 A and inner and outer flanges 198 B and 198 C respectively, are engaged over the upper end of channel 178 . The leg 202 A of angle 202 is secured to the outer flange 198 C of the top base plate 198 . The leg 202 B of angle 202 extends outward to define the thickness of the concrete layer 204 , said leg 202 B being a part of the forming structure 172 B when concrete is poured over the decking 176 bounded by the leg 202 B. A bolt 206 extends upward through the web 198 A of the top base plate 198 of panel 172 .

The upper half of panel 174 is illustrated in FIG. 9 . In FIG. 9 , the top base plate 208 having web 208 A and inner and outer flanges 208 B and 208 C respectively, is engaged over the upper end of channel 210 . The leg 212 A of angle 212 is secured to the outer flange 208 C of top base plate 208 while the leg 212 B of angle 212 extends outward to define the thickness of the concrete layer 214 as a part of the forming structure 174 B, along with the steel decking 184 . A bolt 216 extends upward through the web 208 A of the top base plate 208 of panel 174 .

Referring now to FIG. 10 , another modified embodiment of the building panel according to the invention is designated by reference character 220 and comprises a skeletal assembly 220 A formed of plural spaced steel channels 222 arranged in an array and has an open top end 224 and the channel array is seated in an elongate bottom steel base plate 228 having a web 228 A, an inner flange 228 B and an outer flange 228 C, said web 228 A having a hole 231 formed therein. A rigid sheet such as rigid insulation board 232 is applied over the inner flanges 222 B of the channels 222 of the channel array and secured thereto along with the rigid insulation board 232 . Plural cold-rolled narrow support channels 230 are arranged horizontally spaced along the length of the rigid insulation board 232 and are secured to said rigid insulation board 232 and the inner flange 222 B of channel 222 , the screw 233 also passing through the flange 228 B of the bottom base plate 228 . An angle 236 having a leg 236 A secured to the inner flange 222 B of channel 222 , the leg 236 being flush with the open end 224 of the panel. The leg 236 B extends outward from the inner flange 222 B coplanar with the said open top end 224 , the leg 236 B extending horizontaly outwardly defining a “ledge” for receiving a floor, etc. Each of the channels 222 is provided with at least one row of holes 235 formed along the web 222 A thereof.

A rigid wallboard 237 is applied to the outer flanges 222 C of the channels 222 . The rigid wall board 237 is secured to the outer flange 222 C of the channel 222 by screw 238 which passes through the outer flange 222 C, the flange 228 C of the base plate 238 and the rigid wallboard 237 and fastened thereto by screws 238 . The construction of the skeletal assembly 220 A of the panel 220 i.e. the assembly of the channel array, the rigid insulation board and the rigid wallboard, the flanges and the angle, takes place when the components of said skeletal assembly 220 A are arranged horizontally oriented, when resting on or across a pair of support members (not shown) as a horizontally oriented bridge thereacross or upon a planar surface such as an assembly table (not shown). The said assembly 220 A may be completed in horizontal orientation and then placed in vertical orientation.

When the said completed skeletal assembly 220 A, which includes the forming structure generally designated by reference character 220 B (made up of the skeletal assembly including the base plates, i.e. those portions of said assembly 220 A which are embedded in the concrete and the surrounding base plates) and which when concrete is poured thereinto and cured, becomes the panel 220 , is arranged first horizontally oriented, and then is placed vertically oriented in a preformed ditch (shown in phantom representation), and only then is the concrete poured into the then open top 224 of said assembled skeletal assembly 220 A, including the forming structure thereof. The concrete passes through the plural holes 235 formed in the channel 222 to fill the interior of the panel 220 . The concrete will travel gravitationally through the holes 235 carried by the channels 222 not only filling the interior of the panel 220 , and passing through the hole 231 formed in the web 228 A of bottom base plate 228 forming a unitary concrete footing (shown in FIG. 12 ). The portion of the ditch surrounding the surrounding the panel 220 generally is filled with stone and/or earth/stone mixture to ground level along the outside of the panel 220 . The said portion of the ditch alternatively can be filled with earth to ground level with the concrete footing 282 resting upon the bottom of said ditch.

A threaded rod 240 , functioning as the bolt of the bolt/washer/nut assembly 242 , is introduced into the open top end 224 of the panel and is embedded in the concrete when same is cured, threaded rod 240 extends upwardly, outwardly to be fastened to means (represented in phantom outline) via said washer/nut elements of the bolt/washer/nut assembly 242 , closing off the top end of the panel 220 and/or leading to the construction superstructure (also represented in phantom outline).

The forming structure 220 B, when the concrete has filled the interior of the panel and formed the concrete footing and is cured, embedding the skeletal assembly 220 A therein, remains as an integral part of the completed panel 220 . Thus the forming structure 220 B remains with the panel 220 and does not require disassembly or breakdown such as required with conventional molding procedures known to the prior art for forming molded concrete building panels. The leg 236 B of angle 236 of the panel 220 is shown extending horizontally outward from a location below the top of the panel 220 and is capable of supporting a floor (an end portion of which is represented by in phantom outline) of the building construction (also represented in phantom outline).

The modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 11 comprises a panel generally indicated by reference character 246 which also receives concrete poured through the open top thereof. Panel 246 comprises a spaced steel channel array (each channel represented by channel 248 in FIG. 11 ). A rigid sheet such as a wallboard, a steel board or, as shown in FIG. 11 , rigid insulation boards 250 , 252 are applied on the inner and outer flanges 248 B and 248 C respectively of the channels 248 . The rigid insulation board 252 is applied over the outer flanges 248 C of the channels 248 while insulation board 250 is applied over the inner flanges 248 B of said channels 248 . Each steel channel 248 is provided with at least a row of spaced holes 254 formed in the web 248 A of the channel 248 . The array of channels 248 is seated within the inner and outer flanges 256 B and 256 C of bottom steel base plate 256 . An angle 258 is disposed along the length of the inner flange 256 B of said bottom steel base plate 256 , with the vertical leg 258 A of said angle 258 disposed between the rigid insulation board 250 and the inner flanges 256 B of said bottom base plate 256 . A washer screw 260 passes through the rigid insulation board 250 , the vertical leg 258 A, said inner flange 256 B and said inner flange 248 B of the channel 248 so as to secure said rigid insulation board 250 to the said inner flanges 256 B and 248 B. Plural U-shaped elongate cold-rolled narrow support channels 251 are arranged spaced horizontally along the length of rigid insulation boards The said support channels 251 . Screws 262 are passed through the support channels 251 , the rigid insulation boards 250 and 252 and the respective inner and outer edge flanges 248 B and 248 C of the channels 248 to secure the rigid insulation boards 250 and 252 in place. The top end 264 of the resulting panel 246 is open. The bottom end of the resulting panel 246 is closed by the web 256 A of the bottom base plate 256 .

As described in respect of the panel 220 illustrated in FIG. 10 , the skeletal assembly 246 A of panel 246 can be assembled by placing the components horizontally oriented, say on a planar surface or can be assembled upright or can be installed vertically upright in installed condition. In case of assembly of said skeletal assembly 246 A in horizontal orientation, the resulting assembled skeletal assembly, which, of course includes the forming structure as a part thereof, can be tipped from its horizontal orientation to a vertical orientation, whereat the concrete can be introduced through the open top 264 of the assembled skeletal assembly 246 A, the concrete passing through the holes 254 carried by the channels 248 to completely fill the interior of said assembled skeletal assembly 246 A to form the panel 246 after curing of the concrete embedding the skeletal assembly 246 A thereof therein. It should be noted that the web 256 A of the steel base plate 256 is imperforate, closing off the bottom end of the panel 246 . Further, the forming structure 246 B of panel 246 comprises the rigid insulation boards 250 , 252 , the bottom base plate 256 and the horizontal leg 258 B of the angle 258 and remains an integral part of the completed panel 246 subsequent to curing of the concrete.

A threaded bolt 266 functioning as the bolt of bolt/washer/nut assembly 268 is introduced into the concrete interior of the panel 246 through the top end 264 of the panel 246 so that the threaded end 266 A thereof protrudes outwardly upwardly through closure member (shown in phantom outline) and be fastened by the washer/nut of the bolt/washer/assembly 268 , closing off the top end of said panel 246 . The panel 246 can be fastened securely to the concrete or other footing (represented in phantom outline) by means of a L-shaped bolt of the bolt/ washer/nut assembly 270 embedded within said footing or otherwise secured thereto. The threaded end of the bolt of said bolt/washer/nut assembly 270 passes through the horizontal leg 258 B of the angle 258 and is tightened by manipulation of the nut of said assembly 270 . The completed skeletal assembly 246 A of panel 246 can be secured to the aforementioned footing prior to the pouring of concrete thereinto or subsequent to completion of the panel, after curing of the concrete. Once secured on the footing, the building superstructure can be coupled to the additional superstructure of the building (represented in phantom outline, including the closure member).

The panel 272 illustrated in FIG. 12 is identical to the panel 220 illustrated in FIG. 10 except that the orientation of panel 272 in the isometric view of FIG. 12 shows the inner side of said panel at the front of the figure. In FIG. 12 , portions of panel 272 are broken away better to view the interior disposition of the component elements of the skeletal assembly 272 A thereof. The panel 272 is arranged vertically oriented in installed condition, except that the panel 272 would be installed below ground level in a preformed ditch formed in the ground (as shown in FIG. 10 ). Several vertically oriented channels 274 of the channel array are visible as seated secured in parallel disposition between the inner and outer flanges 276 B and 276 C of the bottom steel base plate 276 . Each channel 274 is spaced generally equally one from the other with the inner and outer flanges 274 B and 274 C secured to the inner and outer flanges 276 B and 276 C of the bottom steel base plate 276 .

A series of spaced holes 278 is formed in the web 274 A of the channel 274 so as to permit the poured concrete to pass through the open top 275 of the forming structure designated generally by reference character 272 B incorporated as a part of the skeletal assembly 272 A, passing through said holes 278 and then through the spaced holes 280 formed in the web 274 A to form the concrete footing 282 . A rigid steel brace 284 is illustrated as disposed diagonally between the inner flange 276 B of the bottom base plate 276 and the inner flanges 274 B of the channels 274 . A rigid insulation board 286 is applied over the surface of the brace 284 and the inner flanges 276 B of the bottom steel base plate 276 . A rigid insulation board 288 is applied over the outer flanges 274 C of the channels 274 and the outer flange 276 C of the bottom base plate 276 . As described heretofore with reference to FIG. 10 , the plurality of the U-shaped elongate cold-rolled narrow support channels 287 are applied horizontally spaced respectively parallel along the length of the rigid insulation board 286 and are secured thereat to said rigid insulation board 286 as well as to both the outer flange 276 C of the bottom base plate 276 and to the outer flanges 274 C of the channels 274 . The support channels 287 also are applied in like disposition on the rigid insulation board 288 but are not visible in FIG. 12 .

The rigid insulation board 286 is shorter than the rigid insulation board 288 and is below the top of the top of the upper end of the channel array of channels 274 . An angle 290 applied along the upper ends of the inner flanges 274 B of the channels 274 , the vertical leg 290 A thereof being secured to the outer surfaces of said inner flanges 274 B, preferably by spot welding. If desired, a thin rigid sheet member (not shown) can be substituted for the illustrated brace 284 . The top end of the vertical a leg 290 A of angle 290 is flush with the top of the channel 274 array, with the horizontal leg 290 B of said angle 290 extending outward over the rigid insulation board 286 to define a supporting platform for a concrete floor (as illustrated in phantom outline in FIG. 10 ). A threaded bolt 292 which functions as the bolt of a bolt/washer/nut assembly (not shown) and was introduced into the concrete interior of panel 272 through the top end thereof so that the threaded end 292 A protrudes outwardly upwardly from the top end of the panel 272 , said bolt 292 being embedded fixedly in the concrete when same is cured, so as to enable coupling of the completed wall panel 272 to the superstructure of the building (shown in phantom outline in FIG. 10 ).

In FIG. 13 , a modified embodiment of the invention is illustrated as combination of a panel 160 A closely similar to panel 160 shown in FIG. 5 ) and a parapet wall panel 294 adapted to be disposed about the roof of the building being constructed (shown in phantom outline). The parapet panel 294 has an array of spaced vertical steel channels 296 seated between the top steel base plate 298 and the bottom steel base plate 300 . The said channels 296 are seated on the web 300 A of the bottom steel base plate 300 with the inner surfaces of the inner and outer flanges 296 B and 296 C of the channels 296 being secured to the inner surfaces of the flanges 298 B and 298 C of the top base plate 298 and to the inner surfaces of the flanges 300 B and 300 C of the bottom base plate 300 . Angle 302 is disposed adjacent the length of the inner flange 298 B of the base plate 298 . The vertical leg 302 A of said angle 302 being secured, preferably by spot welding, to the outer surface of flange 298 B of said top base plate 298 . An angle 304 is disposed adjacent the length of the of the inner flange 300 B of the bottom base plate 300 . The vertical leg 304 A of the angle 304 is secured, preferably by spot welding, to the outer surface of the inner flange 300 B of the bottom base plate 300 .

Angle 306 is arranged adjacent the outer flange 298 C of the top base plate 298 along the length thereof with the vertical leg 306 A thereof secured, preferably by spot welding, to the outer surface of the outer flange 298 C of the top base plate 298 . The horizontal leg 306 B of angle 306 extends outward from the outer flange 298 C. An angle 308 is arranged adjacent the outer flange 300 C of the bottom base plate 300 along the length thereof, the vertical leg 308 A of angle 308 being secured to the outer surface of said outer flange 300 while the horizontal leg 308 B extends outward from said flange 300 . The vertical leg 308 A is substantially longer than the horizontal leg 308 B so as to extend below the level of the web of the bottom base plate 300 . The horizontal leg 308 B of the angle 308 is the same width as the horizontal leg 306 B of the angle 306 . The horizontal legs 302 B and 304 B are of the same width. A rigid wallboard 310 is disposed tightly between the webs 298 A and 300 A of the top and bottom base plates 298 and 300 and is supported and braced by the punch-out tabs 312 formed in the channel 296 of the channel array. A rigid insulation board can be substituted for the rigid wallboard 310 . A second rigid wallboard 314 is disposed against the outer surfaces of the vertical legs 306 A and 308 A of the top and bottom angles 306 and 308 , respectively defining a cavity 316 bounded by the wallboards 310 , 314 and the top and bottom base plates 298 and 300 . The horizontal legs 302 B and 304 B of angles 302 and 304 , with the outer surface 310 A of wallboard 310 , define a open-faced chamber 320 while the horizontal legs 306 B and 308 B of angles 306 B and 308 B, also being of the same width, define, with the rigid wallboard 314 , an open-faced chamber 322 .

Concrete is introduced first into the chamber 320 to fill same and after the curing of the concrete, concrete is flowed into the chamber 322 and cured, whereby to define the parapet panel 294 .

The panel 260 A is closely similar to the panel 260 ( FIG. 5 ) differing in the location of the row of holes 324 formed in the channels 326 , the width of web 328 A of the top base plate 328 and the introduction of the U-shaped plural elongate cold-rolled narrow supporting channels 291 optionally with bridge clips. The supporting channels 291 are arranged horizontally through the selected ones of the holes 324 . The said supporting channels also can be disposed connected to the rigid wallboard 330 (or the rigid insulation board, where employed in lieu of the rigid wallboard 330 ) although not shown in FIG. 13 , to protect against malformation of the wallboard or the insulation board instead of using the double-headed screw fasteners shown in FIG. 5 . Angle 334 is arranged adjacent the inner surface of the outer flange 328 C of the top base plate 328 while the vertical leg 334 A of angle 334 , secured to the outer surface of outer flange 328 C of the top base plate 328 to define therewith a chamber 336 for receiving concrete introduced thereto filling and curing same. The parapet panel 294 is seated upon the panel 260 A by placing the horizontal leg 308 B of angle 308 upon the top base plate 328 of panel 260 A, with caulking 336 introduced therebetween. Thus, a cavity 338 is defined for receiving and supporting the edge portions of a conventional joist shown as a roof (illustrated in phantom outline).

A concrete filled panel arrangement 340 is illustrated in FIG. 14 . The panel arrangement 340 has outside and inside corners 342 and 344 showing a change in the direction of the panel arrangement 340 . The corners 342 , 344 are assembled together before the pouring of concrete. The interior channels 346 define the corners 342 and 344 , the webs 346 A of said channels 346 carrying holes 348 through which the concrete flows through and past the corners 342 , 344 . The interior of the individual panels 350 , 352 and 354 of the panel arrangement 340 are bordered by rigid insulation boards 355 along the outer flanges 346 C of each of the channels 346 and the rigid wallboards 357 secured to the outer surfaces of the inner flanges 346 B of said channels 346 . A short length 355 A of a rigid insulation board 355 is seated between the outer surface of the web 346 A of the channel 346 of panel 350 , said short length 355 B of rigid insulation board disposed along the interior surface of the outer flange 346 C of the channel 346 within the panel 354 . The interior of said panels are filled completely with concrete so as to embed the channel arrays of the panels 350 , 352 and 354 making up the panel arrangement 340 .

The method according to the invention for forming the prefabricated panels is described by reference to FIGS. and 16 in which a forming structure designated generally by reference character 358 B for the formation of a modified panel according to the invention which is designated generally by reference character 358 . Modified panel 358 is closely similar to the panel 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 except for the provision of a header formation 360 and a window opening formation 362 (see FIG. 16 ) as a part thereof, the skeletal assemblies 360 A and 362 A of said formations 360 and 362 being included as a part of the skeletal assembly designated generally by reference character 358 A for said modified panel 358 . The skeletal assembly 358 A for modified panel 358 includes an array of the plural equal length elongate channel members 364 , a pair of channel members 366 and 368 and a pair of opposite end channel members 370 and 372 , each of said channels 364 - 368 being equal in length and arranged parallel ones to the others. Channels 364 each carry rows of spaced holes formed in the webs 364 , and, optionally carrying spaced holes 400 formed in the outer flanges 378 and in the webs 364 A of the channels 364 . Channels 366 and 368 have imperforate webs 366 A and 368 A along the portions thereof bordering the window formation 362 but the remainder of said webs 366 A and 368 A carry holes 400 . The outer flanges 378 of said channels 366 and 368 do carry holes 400 formed therein along the length thereof. The U-shaped plural elongate cold-rolled narrow supporting channels are arranged through selected ones of said holes 400 formed in the respective ones of the channels 364 . The opposite end channels 370 and 372 each have imperforate webs. An intermediate channel member 374 which is shorter than the other channel members, is interposed between the pair of channel members 366 and 368 , each extending between the base plate 387 and the window opening 362 . The intermediate channel member 374 is shorter than as well as equispaced from said pair of channel members 366 and 368 . Channel member 374 also carries holes 400 formed in the web 374 as well as in the outer flange 374 C. The holes 400 formed where formed in the webs of said channels by comprise one or more rows. All the channel members each have an inner flange represented generally by reference character 376 , an outer flange represented generally by reference character 378 and an intermediate web represented generally by reference character 380 .

The array of channels are seated within the opposite base plates 386 and 387 cooperating with the opposite imperforate end channels 370 , 372 to define an outer frame of the skeletal assembly 358 A′ of the panel 358 . The frame serves with the rigid insulation board and the other components of the skeletal assembly, including the angles, and other surfaces which receive concrete thereon, comprise the forming structure 358 B.

The channels 366 and 368 which develop the header opening formation 360 and the window opening formation 362 are single channels, each formed of a pair of channel members like channel members 364 arranged engaged web to web, preferably secured together by spot welding. A pair of spaced parallel cross-channels 382 and 384 are secured between the channels 366 and 368 bridging same to define, with said channels 366 and 368 , the header formation opening 360 and the window opening formation 362 .

An angle 388 is arranged along the outer flanges 386 C, 387 C of base plates 382 and 384 , the outer flanges 370 C of end channels 370 , 372 as well as the portions of outer flanges 378 of said channels 382 and 384 disposed between the channels 366 and 368 , the horizontal legs 388 A of said angle 388 being secured to said respective outer flanges, preferably by spot welding. Each of the outer flanges 378 of channels 364 through 368 , including outer flanges 378 of the intermediate channel 374 carrying angle 388 . The outer flanges 382 C and 384 C of parallel base plates 382 and 384 are positioned between channels 366 and 368 and secured to the imperforate webs 366 A and 368 A thereof for defining the header opening 360 and the window opening 362 .

The channels 366 - 368 and opposite end channels 370 and 372 are seated within top and bottom base plates 386 and 387 having outer flanges 386 C, 387 C and inner flanges 386 B, 387 B respectively. Angles 392 and 394 are disposed secured respectively, as by spot welding, to the outer flanges 386 C and 387 C of said top and bottom base plates 386 and 387 . Rigid insulation boards 396 are disposed between each of the channels 364 - 372 and between the intermediate channel 374 and the adjacent channels 366 and 368 , the ends of said rigid insulation boards 396 engaging the opposite webs 386 A and 387 A of said top and bottom base plates 386 and 387 . The said rigid insulation boards 396 are supported by the elongate cold rolled narrow supporting channels 398 passed through the spaced holes 400 formed in the web 380 of each of the channels 364 - 368 , except as noted in the channels bordering the header and window formations 360 , 362 , and, also are formed in the web of channel 374 , with bridge-clip members (not shown) optionally bracing said narrow channels. The rigid insulation boards 396 also can be supported by the punch-out tabs 399 such as formed in the web of the channels 364 - 368 . The inner flanges 386 B and 388 B of the bottom base plates 386 and 387 rest on the planar surface.

Concrete is poured into the chamber 403 defined by the rigid insulation boards 396 , angles 388 - 394 , i.e. the vertical legs 388 A- 394 A thereof, to fill same to the level of the top edges of said legs 388 A- 394 A thereby to form the outer concrete wall, represented by reference character 402 , of the completed modified panel 358 .

The steps followed in the practice of the method according to the invention are as follows:

1. Construct, assemble and horizontally arrange the skeletal assembly 358 A such as described above with respect to the panel 358 . While one can utilize a planar surface such as a table, a working platform, etc., one merely can complete the panel while the skeletal assembly 358 A is oriented in a horizontal plane, even bridging a pair of spaced supports.

The forming structure generally represented in FIG. 15 by reference character 358 B comprises the opposite end channels 370 , 372 and the upper and lower base plates 386 , 387 along with the angles 388 , 390 , 392 and 394 , as well as the portions of the channels 366 , 368 , 382 , 384 (defining the window opening formation 362 and the header opening formation 360 ) defining a frame 403 A within which the remaining components of the skeletal assembly 358 A are disposed, the entire skeletal assembly 358 A and the aforementioned frame 403 A being oriented horizontally on the planar surface of the table or other working platform, the channel array resting on the inner flanges 364 A of the respective channels thereof.

2. Pour concrete into the chamber defined by the forming structure 358 B containing the remaining components of the skeletal assembly 358 A filling the chamber 403 to form a level planar layer of concrete therein while the forming structure 356 and the said remaining components of the skeletal assembly 358 A are horizontally oriented.

3. Permit the concrete to cure.

The forming structure 356 as described thus becomes an integral part of the completed modified panel 358 without disassembly therefrom.

Referring to FIG. 16 , the header formation 360 of panel 358 as illustrated in said FIG. 16 comprises top and bottom base plates 404 and 406 respectively arranged spaced with the inner and outer flanges 404 B, 406 B and 404 C, 406 C respectively directed facing each other. Angles 410 and 412 are placed on the outer flanges 404 C and 406 C leaving the web 404 A of the top base plate 404 and the horizontal legs 410 B and 412 B of the angles 410 , 412 in the same plane. An channel 414 is placed between the top base plate 404 of the wall and the top window base plate 406 , defining a chamber 416 defined by said base plates, said angles, and the webs of the channels 366 and 368 . The window opening formation 362 is defined by the parallel facing webs 366 A and 368 A of channels 366 and 368 respectively plus the window sill formation defined by the web 384 A and the horizontal leg 292 B of angle 292 . The window assembly when installed and represented in phantom outline in FIG. 16 is illustrated seated between the header formation and the sill 372 .

FIG. 17 illustrates a further modified embodiment of the invention represented by panel 418 shown erected in vertical orientation as installed upon a concrete footing shown in phantom outline and further illustrating an interior concrete floor and a representation of a stone fill alongside the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline). The skeletal assembly 418 A of panel 418 comprises top and bottom steel base plates 420 and 422 respectively. The panel 418 is secured to the concrete footing by the L-shaped bolt of bolt/washer/nut assembly 424 , said bolt being embedded within the footing (shown in phantom outline) and having a threaded end 424 A projecting upward, passing through the steel angle 426 , the panel 418 being secured by tightening of the nut of the bolt/washer/ nut assembly 424 . The steel channels 428 are arranged spaced apart and seated within the top and bottom base plates 420 and 422 . Reinforcement means in the form of elongate cold rolled narrow U-shaped channels 427 braced with bridge clips 430 are shown passed through the holes 432 formed in the webs 428 A of the channels 428 . Rigid insulation boards 434 are arranged between the top and bottom base plates 420 and 422 , and adjacent the holes 432 , braced and secured by punch-out tabs (not shown in FIG. 17 ) also formed in the web 428 A of channels 428 . A U-shaped spacer 436 is placed inverted between the channels 428 , the arms 436 A thereof disposed closely adjacent both the rigid insulation boards 434 and the inner flange 422 B of the bottom base plate 422 . An anchor bolt 438 passes through key-hole opening 441 formed in the web 420 A of top base plate 420 and extends outwardly upwardly to provide means for grasping the finished panel wall 418 to enable transport and installation thereof. The key-hole opening 441 can be provided without the anchor bolt, permitting a hook or the like to lift the finished panel for transport. In fact, additional key-holes can be provided to enable connection to various commercial lifting means (not shown) to be employed for lifting the finished panel.

A steel angle 443 is provided adjacent the length of outer flange 422 C of the bottom base plate 422 with the vertical leg 443 A secured to outer flange 422 C thereby forming a concrete receiving chamber with the vertical leg 446 A of angle 446 secured to the outer flange 420 C of the top base plate 420 along the length thereof so that a flat concrete surface can be obtained after the concrete is introduced to the skeletal assembly 418 A embedding the outer flanges 428 C of the channels 428 and the outer flanges 422 C and 420 C of the bottom and top base plates 422 and 420 as well as the vertical legs 443 A, 446 A of the bottom and top angles 443 and 446 .

Concrete is introduced in a direction indicated by arrow X when the skeletal assembly 418 A is oriented horizontally. The resulting prefabricated wall panel 418 is completed when the curing of the concrete is completed. The completed panel wall 418 then is ready for transport as a self-contained unit to the construction site for installation. The pouring of the concrete can be effected at the job-site or when the skeletal assembly 418 A is installed horizontally in installations where the panel is to constitute a floor.

An additionally modified embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 18 comprising the panel construction generally designated by reference character 442 . Panel construction 442 is formed of a series of individual panels 444 , 448 , 449 , 450 arranged joined end to end to define an inside and outside change of direction. Each of the panels 444 - 450 have an interior side 452 and an exterior side 454 , each formed of steel decking of the type illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8 . Steel angle 456 is secured to the outer ribs 455 A and 455 B of the steel decking 455 and defines the outside corner 460 of the panel construction 442 as well as also defining vertically extending air-chambers 464 , 465 and 466 at the outside corner 460 . An angle (not shown) can be secured at corner 460 A along the juncture of the flanges 491 of the base plate (not fully shown, the outer flanges of which are designated by reference character 471 and the inner flanges of which are designated by reference character 473 ). Angle 472 is secured to outer ribs 476 A, 476 B and 476 C of the steel decking 455 and defines another outside corner 475 defined by the junction of the panels 449 and 450 of the panel construction 442 . The legs 472 A of angle 472 is secured to the rib 476 A of the decking 455 and defines vertically extending air-chamber 474 . The leg 472 B of angle 472 is secured to the ribs 476 B and 476 C of the decking 455 and defines vertically extending air-chamber 476 . Bolts 478 secure the angle 472 to the inner ribs of the decking and to the outer flanges 477 C of the end channels 477 of panels 449 and 450 of the panel construction 442 . A steel plate 468 is placed against the outer ribs 476 D and 476 E of the decking 455 and secured to the inner rib partial portions 476 F of the decking 455 by bolts 478 bridging the butt joint of adjacent panels 448 and 449 and defining the vertically extending air-chamber 470 so as to protect the outside facing portion of the butt joint of panels 448 and 449 from water penetration from the exterior of said butt joint of said panels 448 and 449 . The vertically extending air-chamber 470 protects the outside portion of the juncture between the panels 448 and 449 . A metal strap 480 can be placed between the outside facing and the inside facing ribs of the decking to create an air-chamber 480 A at any bolt connection.

In FIG. 19 , a portion of the panel 448 of the panel construction 442 of FIG. 18 is illustrated to show a representation of one of the panels of said panel construction 442 as it would be installed as a part of a building wall, the installation being typical, similar to than of other panels described. The channels 488 are seated between the top and bottom base plates 492 and 490 respectively. The bottom base plate 490 has a narrower web 490 A than the web 492 A of the top base plate 492 . Vertically oriented steel walls 494 and 496 are secured to the outer surfaces of the flanges 4990 B and 490 C by bolts 498 . An angle 500 is disposed along the length of said steel wall 494 , the vertical leg being secured to the lower end of said steel wall. The steel wall 496 has a metal strip 508 secured to the outer rib spanning between the outer ribs thereby creating an air chamber between the metal support and the inner rib of the metal wall. The air chamber is open at their lower ends to define “weep-holes” 506 thereat. The “weep-holes” 506 permit any water to exit the air-chamber, should any water penetrate the decking connection to the channels.

The panel 482 is illustrated as secured to the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline) by anchor bolt of the bolt/washer/nut assembly 512 , said anchor bolt being embedded within the concrete footing. The footing and the lower end of the panel 482 are disposed below ground, a portion of the footing conventionally is formed with drain tile and stone (not shown).

As mentioned earlier, the embodiments of the invention heretofore described have provided pre-fabricated panels having planar outwardly facing surfaces. Considerable popularity has been evidenced in providing decorative patterns on the panel surfaces, both those facing inwardly and/or outwardly. The conventional approach has been to impress designs into the wet concrete to provide some decoration to the conventional plain surfaces of concrete wall panels. These surfaces have been unattractive and usually are painted to give a more attractive appearance. Sand or aggregate have been impressed in the outer surface of the concrete panel just prior to completion of the curing or hardening thereof. Burying the surface in sand has been another proposal for providing some decoration to the outer surface of the completed wall panel. Actual thin bricks have been impressed in mortar and applied directly on a wall but not on horizontally placed concrete panels which are later cured and erected into a vertical orientation. The individual thin bricks have fallen short of direct set in prefabricated walls. Not only are these thin bricks expensive and fragile, but installation is expensive and time consuming. Tiles of various colors, surfaces and/or the like have been applied to wall surfaces using mortar, grout or mastic, but to the inventor's knowledge, these elements have not been capable of structural impression on concrete surfaces.

As will be described hereinafter, the invention provides for the formation of a prefabricated concrete building panel which is provided with an flexible exterior brick facing for application to the otherwise planar concrete panel, and particularly to the panel according to the invention disclosed herein, said facing being capable of installation simultaneous with the formation of the concrete panel.

In FIGS. 20 through 23 , there are illustrated pre-fabricated molded concrete panels complete with real brick patterns on the outwardly facing surfaces thereof. In FIG. 20 there is illustrated a flexible brick facing 536 comprising an array of thin, (preferably one-half inch thick), rectangular bricks 538 arranged upon a planar surface 540 , such as a table top, to form a desired pattern 536 A. Small mounds 542 of adhesive, such as of the epoxy type or other suitable type, are deposited onto the outer surfaces of the bricks 538 and a flexible woven web screen 544 is applied over each of the adhesive mounds 542 . The adhesive mounds 542 joining the flexible woven web screen 544 to the brick pattern 536 A are permitted to cure.

When the panel such as any one of the panel walls described heretofore, is completed with the pouring of concrete on the skeletal assembly thereof, the flexible facing 536 comprising the joined web and brick pattern 536 A, now with the adhesive cured, is laid onto the wet concrete surface and pressed thereinto. The spaces 546 between the respective bricks 538 can be topped with grout 548 , i.e. applied upon any concrete which oozes out between the bricks 538 during the pressing of the facing into the wet concrete, the application of such grout 548 occurring after the concrete is cured.

The resulting completed flexible brick facing 536 is illustrated in FIG. 23 oriented vertically so as to show the appearance of the said flexible brick facing 536 when viewed with said flexible brick facing oriented upright as it would be when applied to the aforementioned concrete panel carrying same.

In FIG. 22 , the panel 550 has been formed by pouring concrete into the completed skeletal assembly 550 A thereof, including the steel channels 552 , the rigid insulation boards 554 and the remaining forming structure 550 B therefor including the top base plate (not shown) and the bottom base plate 556 and the associated angles 558 which define the concrete receiving chamber 560 . Concrete is poured into receiving chamber 560 to reach a depth so as to leave a wet concrete layer slightly thinner than the thickness of the flexible brick facing 536 . The facing 536 is applied to the wet concrete surface and pressed thereinto, partially to embed the facing 544 into said concrete surface. In FIG. 22 , the completed panel 536 A with the brick facing 536 applied to the outer side there, as installed thereon, is illustrated in the panel's normal installed vertical orientation.

It should be noted that the selected panel can be precast with the concrete layer 562 thereof cured. In such circumstance, as shown in FIG. 22 , the angle 558 securing the channel 552 can have additional wet concrete or mortar forming a wet concrete layer or mortar 572 therein. The flexible brick facing 536 then is laid onto the surface of the wet concrete layer 572 and pressed thereinto. Thereafter, said wet concrete layer 572 is cured.

Conventionally, it is popular to apply molded millwork to exterior building walls, such millwork mouldings are in a plurality of different shapes, contours, lengths, thicknesses, and the like. Such moldings are provided with planar rear surfaces and are secured onto the exterior building walls by adhesive backing provided on such planar rear walls, generally supplied by adhesive material applied to such planar walls. The mouldings also can be applied to such exterior building walls by using masonry screws, nails, masonry anchors, etc. End blocks are employed to assure a tight contact between the building wall and the planar rear wall of the moulding. All of these conventional steps result in labor cost which can be expensive as well as possibly damaging the mouldings.

Of greater import, is the general inability to secure mouldings to concrete wall surfaces subsequent to curing of the concrete. Adhesives generally will not hold, particularly under the weather conditions to which exterior building walls are exposed. Therefore, such decorative elements, while attractive, are not conventionally provided on concrete walls since concrete walls have never been versatile enough to provide a decorative finish yet alone add decorative mouldings to concrete would be somewhat destructive both to the concrete and to the mouldings. However, most decorative mouldings which are employed for the decorative purposes are formed of synthetic material and in a variety of sizes. Therefore, one would desire means whereby such decorative mouldings can be applied to concrete walls as a substantially permanent installation. Such means has not been found to be available. However, the herein invention, which is directed particularly to the provision of pre-fabricated concrete panels, gave rise to such means.

In FIG. 24 , there is illustrated a moulding 549 having an exterior surface 549 A and a rear surface 549 B. Double-headed screws 553 are driven into the planar rear surface 549 B. Now, when the concrete wall 555 is still wet, as will be the case when the exterior panel walls of the panels described heretofore are formed, the moulding is pressed against the exterior planar surface 557 of said wet concrete wall until the double-head 559 of said double-headed screws 553 are embedded therein and the planar rear surface 549 B is flush against the concrete wall 555 . The concrete is permitted to cure, with the result that the moulding 549 is permanently adhered to such concrete wall.

FIG. 25 illustrates a modified embodiment of the invention as embodied in a panel 574 suitable for seating as a bridge spanning between a series of buried cassions one of which is shown in phantom outline, said panel 574 being closely similar to the panel 126 shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings. The skeletal assembly 574 A for the panel 574 includes an array of spaced parallel elongate channels 576 arranged in a row between top and bottom base plates, only the bottom base plate 578 being shown in FIG. 25 . The skeletal assembly 574 A is closely similar to the skeletal assembly 126 A of panel 126 shown in FIG. 4 . However, there are significant differences between panels 126 and panel 574 to which attention now is directed. The bottom base plate 578 of panel 574 is formed of an angle 580 having a vertical arm 580 A and a horizontal arm 580 B. The channels 576 extend to the horizontal arm 580 B of angle 580 and rest thereon. The horizontal arm 580 B of angle 580 is secured to the lower ends of the channels 576 and extends past the lower ends of the channels 576 . Rigid insulation boards 582 are disposed along the webs 576 A of the channels 576 and between said channels 576 , said rigid insulation boards 582 disposed adjacent the row of holes 584 formed in said webs 576 A along the length of said channels 576 .

As shown in FIG. 25 , the rigid insulation boards 582 are shorter in length than the channels 576 and terminate at their lower ends at a horizontal plane located coincident with the upper end of said vertical arm 580 A of the angle 580 located so that an elongate strip 582 A of rigid insulation board extends between the inner flanges 576 B and the lower ends of said rigid insulation boards 582 at a level so that the upper surface of strip 582 A is coincident with the upper end of the vertical arm 580 A of angle 580 . The respective insulation boards 582 and 582 A are supported by punch-out tabs 590 and 592 respectively. A pair of additional holes 594 are formed in the web 576 A of each of the channels 576 , said holes 594 being located near the lower ends of said channels. As with the holes 584 and the holes left by the punch-out tabs 590 and 592 , the holes 594 are aligned with their matching holes formed in the webs 576 A of the other channels 576 .

Reinforcing means such as elongate steel bars 596 are passed through the holes 594 along the length of the array of channels 576 . The holes 584 and 594 define a flow path for concrete introduced thereinto, particularly filling the entire chamber 598 defined by the rigid insulation strip 582 A, the vertical arm 580 A of angle 580 and the horizontal arm 580 B of angle 580 including therein the lower ends of the channels 576 and the base plates defining the outer wall of the panel 574 . Thus, a fully functional concrete grade beam 599 is formed as an integral component of said panel 574 . The beam 599 of the panel 574 extends perpendicular to the portions of the channels 576 embedded in said beam 599 .

In FIG. 26 , the same skeletal assembly 274 A of the panel 574 illustrated in FIG. 26 , is illustrated with the same reference characters identifying the same elements of said assembly 274 A. However, in FIG. 25 , a row of holes 584 A not visible in FIG. 24 , are shown as provided in the outer flanges 576 C of the channels 576 . These holes 584 A also function to define the flow path of concrete introduced into the chamber 598 .

Attention now is directed to FIGS. 27 through 34 wherein the panels according to the invention are modified to form not only a panel which can be mounted angularly to form eaves and fascia (roof) of a building but, as well, forms panels which are a combination of a concrete panel and a truss as a part thereof. These panels are versatile and also can function to form a flat roof as well as an angled roof, basement walls, vertical building walls, foundation walls with unusual strength and substantial load bearing capacity and also can be constructed alone or in combination with additional vertically arranged prefabricated panels (with or without trusses) to function as a building wall of height substantially greater than possible employing convention prefabricated concrete panels. In particular, in considering FIG. 27 , reference also should be directed to FIGS. 28 and 29 , and particularly to FIG. 29 wherein an isometric view of the panel 600 , its skeletal assembly 600 A and its forming structure 600 B are more clearly illustrated.

In FIG. 27 , a self-contained molded prefabricated panel constructed in accordance with the invention and formed following the method of the invention is designated generally by reference character 600 . Panel 600 functions not only as a pre-fabricated structural steel concrete panel such as those described hereinbefore, but can function as a building joist, including a truss structure as a part thereof. The panel 600 includes a skeletal assembly 600 A including a rectangular frame 602 , which is part of the forming structure 600 B defined by a pair of opposite end plates 604 and pair of opposite edge plates 606 (see FIG. 29 ), first matched pairs of elongate angles 608 and second matched pairs of plural elongate angles 610 , plural elongate reinforcing bars 614 , plural web-reinforcement bars 616 and plural rigid insulation boards 618 . The forementioned matched pairs of angles 608 and 610 define double-angle struts which are designated generally hereinafter by the same reference characters 608 and 610 respectively.

The first double-angle strut 608 is arranged with the vertical legs 608 A and 608 B parallel but spaced a small distance apart to define a narrow gap 609 with the horizontal legs 608 B being coplanar in a horizontal plane and extend outward at right angles in opposite directions relative to the vertical legs 608 A. The second double-angle strut 610 also is arranged with the vertical legs 610 A parallel but spaced a small distance apart to define a gap 611 . The double-angle strut 610 is arranged with the horizontal legs 610 B thereof being coplanar in a horizontal plane spaced below and parallel to the horizontal plane of horizontal legs 608 B of double-angle strut 608 . The double-angle struts 608 and 610 are aligned so that the gaps 609 and 611 are equal and aligned.

Plural like elongate angles 612 are equal in length and arranged parallel, coplanar and spaced equally ones from the others between the opposite end plates 604 of the rectangular frame 602 with their opposite ends secured to said end plates 604 as by welding. The lower ends 607 of the vertical legs 612 A of angles 612 are coplanar with the lower ends 605 of the opposite end plates 604 and the horizontal legs 612 B of said angles 612 also are coplanar in a common horizontal plane. The elongate angles 612 engage and rest on or are secured to the undersurfaces of the horizontal legs 612 B of the angles 612 , as by spot welding, for example. The plural reinforcing bars 614 are arranged spaced in a horizontal plane parallel to the horizontal plane of the angles 612 between the opposite end plates 604 of rectangular frame 602 . As shown in FIG. 27 , the horizontal legs 608 B of the first double-angle struts 608 are placed upon the horizontal legs 612 B of the angles 612 . Rigid insulation boards 618 are placed upon the horizontal legs 608 B of the first double-angle strut 608 and between and engaging each of the spaced plural double-angle struts 608 . Each of plural web-reinforcement bars 616 is tied to the reinforcing bars 614 and extend vertically first through the aligned gaps 609 and 611 of the double-struts 608 and 610 , finally reaching and secured within the gap 611 . Each of the web-reinforcement bars 616 are each bent along its length to form generally equal curved upper bends 616 A and similar lower bends 616 B spaced along their length. One end of each of the upper bends, which is in fact a curved end of said web-reinforcement bar 616 , is hooked onto the reinforcing bar 614 and tied thereon using a wire 624 . The web-reinforcement bar 616 continues to pass through said gap 609 of said first double-angle strut 608 with the web-reinforcement bar 616 and being secured therein, preferably by welding, then continuing to pass into the gap 611 of the second double-arm strut 610 . The web-reinforcement bar 616 continues, returning to and through the gap 609 . This alternating pattern continues until the web-reinforcement bar 616 reaches its terminal end.

In making its traverse, the web-reinforcement bars 616 are disposed so that the reinforcing bars 614 are within the upper bends 616 A and are tied thereto while the lower bends 616 B are within the gap 611 and secured by preferably by welding to the vertical legs 610 A of the second double-angle strut 610 which define said gap 611 . The second double-angle strut 610 thus is held in place aligned with and below the first double-angle strut 608 . The web-reinforcement bar thus is frozen in place fixed against movement relative to said first and second double-angle struts 608 and 610 . It should be noted that a relatively narrow rigid insulation board 618 A bridges the area between said first double-angle strut 608 and the said edge plate 604 . When the assembly of the web-reinforcement bars 616 , the reinforcing bars 614 and the concrete above the rigid insulation 618 'and the respective double-angle strut 608 is completed, said assembly is capable of being characterized as a top chord. The web-reinforcement bar 616 in combination with the double-angle struts 610 define the bottom chord. The frame 602 extends above the rigid insulation members 618 and 618 A to define a chamber 620 for receipt of concrete embedding the reinforcing bars 614 , the portions of the web-reinforcement bars above the rigid insulation boards, the frame 602 and the upper surfaces of the rigid insulation boards 618 as well as the portions of the end and edge plates.

Referring to FIGS. 28 and 29 , the frame 602 is illustrated particularly in FIG. 29 , the forming structure of panel 600 B is illustrated as defined by the frame 602 formed of the end plates and the edge plates 604 , 606 shown secured at their respective opposite ends and the portions of the skeletal assembly 600 A which will be embedded in concrete upon pouring of concrete thereinto when the skeletal assembly and the frame 602 , including the rigid insulation board 618 shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 , the upper tied bends 616 A of the web-reinforcement bars 616 and the reinforcing bars 614 . Since the upper-portions of the frame 602 constitute a border defining the chamber 622 for receiving concrete when the frame 602 and the skeletal assembly 600 A is assembled and placed in a horizontally oriented condition, an outer concrete wall 628 thus is provided for curing.

Thus, as stated hereinabove, in assembled condition the top double-angle struts, the reinforcing bar and the upper bend portions of the web-reinforcement bar when assembled functions along with the rigid insulation and the concrete wall, and can be described as the top chord of the resulting truss, the bottom portions of the web-reinforcing bar and the bottom double-angle strut, in assembled condition, functions and can be described as the bottom chord of said resulting truss forming a part of the panel 600 . The plates 604 and the edge plates 606 extend above the level of the rigid insulation boards 618 , the reinforcing bars 614 and the bends 616 A of the web-reinforcement bars 616 defining chamber 622 for receiving concrete poured therein to define the concrete outer wall 628 embedding said rigid insulation boards 618 , reinforcing bars 614 and the upper bends 616 A of the web-reinforcement bars 616 in the resulting concrete wall.

Directing attention to FIGS. 28 and 29 , the panel 600 is illustrated as installed arranged supported within a cavity 664 defined between vertically oriented panels 634 and 636 (as will be described hereinafter). The panels 634 and 636 are substantially similar to panels 10 of FIG. 1 but for being a mirror image thereof and the configuration of their respective bottom and top base plates 638 and 640 , to which attention here will be directed. In lieu of the channel base plate 20 and angle 24 of FIG. 1 (panel 10 ), the bottom base plate 638 of panel 634 is formed of an angle 642 having an elongate horizontal leg 642 A extending over the entire bottom of the panel 634 and terminating in a vertical leg 642 B secured to the inner flange 644 B of the channel 644 . The top base plate 640 of panel 636 is formed as a modified Z-shaped member 646 having a top horizontally oriented leg 648 , a downwardly extending vertical leg 650 , a second horizontal leg 652 terminating in a short downwardly directed vertical leg 654 . The base plate 640 replaces the base plate 18 of panel 10 . The top horizontal leg 648 is applied over the top portion 656 of panel 636 including the outer concrete wall 658 and the rigid insulation board 660 of the panel 636 .

The channels 662 of the panel 636 are shortened compared to the channels 16 of panel 10 so that the web 662 A and the outer flange 662 C of channel 662 extend parallel to the vertical leg 646 and are secured to vertical leg 646 and the horizontal leg 648 of the top base plate 640 . The second horizontal leg 652 is joined to the upper ends of the channels 662 of panel 636 . The vertical leg 648 tightly abuts the rigid insulation board 660 with the horizontal leg 652 extending over the top ends of the shortened channels 662 , said horizontal leg 652 being secured to said top ends of the channels 662 of panel 636 . The vertical leg 654 of the thus defined top base plate 640 is secured to the inner flange 662 B of the channels 662 of panel 636 . The rigid insulation board 660 is supported by the punch-out tabs 661 formed in the channels 662 . The cavity 664 supports the top chord at the end thereof.

The panel 600 of FIGS. 27 through 29 has been modified resulting in panel 666 illustrated in FIG. 30 with said panel 666 installed oriented angularly and functioning as a roof. The modified panel 666 provides a double-angle struts 668 and 670 . The double-angle strut 668 is provided with a horizontal legs 668 B and vertical legs (not always visible in FIG. 30 ), the horizontal leg 668 B supporting the rigid insulation boards 694 . The double-angle strut 670 is foreshortened and also is provided with horizontal legs 670 B and vertical legs 670 A defining a gap 676 . A gap 672 is defined between rigid insulation board sections 694 A and 694 B in place of the substantially continuous number of insulation boards 618 found in panel 600 . U-shaped narrow channels 674 equivalent to angles 612 of panel 600 , but each having a vertical mid-portion 674 A with opposite parallel horizontal legs 674 B are disposed spaced between the opposite end plates (not shown) of panel 666 . The channels 674 are secured to the horizontal legs 668 B of the double-angle strut 668 and particularly at the ends of the edge plate 678 of panel 666 .

A modified panel 680 (similar to the panel 10 of FIG. 1 ) is arranged vertically oriented for supporting the panel 666 . The supporting angle 682 has a horizontal leg 682 B with a vertical leg 682 A secured by bolt 673 to the top base plate 686 of panel 680 , the horizontal leg 682 B having a free end flange 682 D and vertical leg 682 A having a free end flange 682 E. The free end flanges 682 D and 682 E are secured to the horizontal legs 668 B of the double-angle strut 668 at a location bordering the open space 672 to bridge said space 672 between the sections 694 A and 694 B of the rigid insulation board 694 defining a chamber 675 between the panel 666 and the panel 680 . Equally spaced reinforcing bars 684 are disposed above the rigid insulation boards 694 . The web-reinforcement bars 684 have one end 684 A and an opposite end 694 B. Starting at end 684 A secured within the gap 677 of the double-angle strut 668 , the web-reinforcement bars 684 have a series of curved bends beginning with the curved bend 684 B shown seated upon the reinforcing bar 682 and tied thereto by wire 685 . The web-reinforcement bar 684 continues to pass from the reinforcing bar 682 toward the horizontal leg 668 B of the top double-angle strut 668 and then entering the gap 677 . The first lower bend 684 C is then seated and secured within the gap 677 and continues directed toward the next reinforcing bar 682 with the next upper bend 684 B over the reinforcing bar 682 and tied thereto by wire 685 . The web-reinforcement bar 684 then continues toward the horizontal leg 668 B and the gap 642 , and enters the gap 677 with the next lower bend 684 C being secured therein. However, the last mentioned lower bend 684 C is located within the gap 642 . The web-reinforcement bar 684 then continues toward the next reinforcing bar 682 with the bend 684 D over the said next reinforcing bar and tied thereto by wire 685 . The web-reinforcement bar 684 then continues in a straight-line path to and through the gap 677 of the top double-angle strut 668 wherefrom it is directed toward the bottom double-angle strut 670 , entering the gap 676 thereof and being seated and secured therein with the next lower bend within-said gap 677 . The web-reinforcement bar 684 then continues outward from the gap 676 of the lower double-angle strut 670 diagonally toward the gap 677 of the top double-angle strut 668 entering and passing through said gap 677 and continuing, in this FIGURE, toward the visible terminal end 683 . The intervening bends (not shown) are appropriately alternating between the reinforcing bars and the lower double-angle strut 670 before reaching said terminal end 683 .

Concrete is flowed into the panel 666 , filling the entire chamber 675 as well as chamber 675 A forming the concrete wall 687 of the panel 666 as well the coupling concrete bridge between the panels 666 and 680 .

FIG. 31 illustrates a panel 700 like panel 10 (see FIG. 1 ) which panel 700 has been modified to enable said modified panel to be installed oriented in sloped (or angular) orientation so as to constitute a roof of a building. The modified panel is designated generally in FIG. 31 by reference character 700 . Here, similar to panel 666 of FIG. 29 , a mid-portion of the rigid insulation boards such as employed in panel 10 of FIG. 1 , have been omitted and a rigid insulation board section 702 diagonally disposed from the break in the rigid insulation board section 704 to the inner flange 708 B of the channel 708 and is supported by punch-out tab 710 . The punch-out tab is similar to the punch-out tabs 34 shown in FIG. 1 and is installed secured to the outer web 708 A of the channel 708 . A section 712 of rigid insulation board is arranged perpendicular to the rigid insulation section 704 along the web 708 A of the channel 708 to bridge the open space between said section 704 and the inner flange 708 A of the channel 708 and is supported in place by punch-out tab 717 . The top base plate of panel 714 comprises an angle 716 closely similar to the angle 682 shown in FIG. 30. A supporting angle 715 of panel 700 has a horizontal leg 715 B and a vertical leg 715 A. The horizontal leg 715 B has a free bent end flange 715 C and the vertical leg 715 A has a free bent end flange 715 D. The free bend end flanges 715 B and 715 D are secured to the inner flange 708 B of the channel 708 , preferably by spot welding. The rigid insulation boards 702 and 712 connect the panel rigid insulation board 704 to the bent end flanges 715 C and 715 D of the support angle to define a chamber 709 . As in the panel 10 , a reinforcing bar 706 is introduced through the web 708 A of the channel 708 . The chamber 709 defined by the rigid insulation board sections 702 and 712 and the angle 715 .

As with the panel 666 , the sloped panel portion between the rigid insulation board section 712 and the base plate 719 functions as the eave of the sloped installed panel 700 (functioning here as the roof.

FIG. 32 illustrates the installation of a panel arrangement 718 consisting of a vertically oriented panel 720 which has been modified for vertical orientation and coupled to a horizontally oriented panel 722 extending outward from the upper end of said panel 720 . Both panels 720 and 722 are similar to the panel 600 shown in FIG. 28 . Both panel 720 and 722 are described herein from a horizontally oriented position assumed when assembled and before their installed orientation. When the panel 720 is in a completed stage, reference will return to its vertical orientation and in its installed stage.

Panel 720 differs from panel 600 by deleting a portion of the rigid insulation board 724 which rests upon the horizontal legs 726 B of the double-angle strut 726 adjacent the edge plate 734 leaving a gap 732 between the remaining rigid insulation board 724 and the edge plate 734 . A narrow section 736 of rigid insulation board is disposed vertically between the end of rigid insulation board 724 and the top of the vertical legs 738 A of double-angle strut 738 . Section 736 of rigid insulation board is supported both by angles 742 and 746 , a plurality of angles 442 also are arranged parallel and equally spaced between the opposite end plates (not shown) of the panel 720 and secured thereto. Angle 746 is secured to the ends of the vertical legs 738 B of double-angle strut 738 . An additional section 749 of rigid insulation board is placed along the horizontal leg 738 B of double-angle strut 738 abutting the edge plate 734 and a location below the vertically oriented section 736 of rigid insulation board, thereby defining a chamber 733 for receiving concrete. The edge plate 734 of panel 720 functions as the bottom base plate of said panel 720 when said panel is oriented vertically. The panel 720 is secured to the concrete footing (shown in phantom outline). An angle 744 is arranged along the length of the panel 720 with the vertical leg 744 A thereof secured to the remaining bottom chord 738 of said panel 720 and the horizontal leg 744 B resting on the footing (shown in phantom outline). The panel 720 is fastened to the footing by the bolt of bolt/washer/nut assembly 740 .

The opposite end of the panel 720 which now is the top end thereof, also has been modified, deleting a portion (indicated by reference character 724 A) of the rigid insulation board 724 to form gap 753 . A section 750 of rigid insulation board is placed diagonally between the end 751 of rigid insulation board and a section 752 of rigid insulation board disposed along the horizontal legs 738 B of the double-angle strut 738 .

The opposite edge plate 606 of panel 600 now becomes a top base plate 748 for panel 720 and is similar to the top base plate 640 of panel 636 illustrated in FIG. 28 . The top base plate 748 has a horizontal leg 748 B and a vertical leg 748 A. The horizontal leg 748 B of base plate 748 is secured to the top end of the installed panel 720 , including the remainder rigid insulation board section 724 B. The vertical leg 748 A of base plate 748 is secured to the undersurface of horizontal legs 726 B of the double-angle strut 726 . The horizontal leg 748 C of the top base plate 748 is secured to the ends of the vertical legs 738 A of the double-angle strut 738 while the leg 748 D is secured to the undersurface of legs 738 B defining a shelf accommodating one end 723 of panel 722 with said panel 722 arranged extending outwardly horizontally oriented from and perpendicular to the panel 720 . Panel 722 is identical to panel 600 described in FIG. 28 and reference is made to said FIG. 28 for a detailed description thereof.

While the height of conventional prefabricated panels have been limited to utilization as vertically oriented building walls between a maximum of 30 feet, the panel 700 when utilized as a vertically oriented building wall is effective at least for walls 60 feet.

Referring to FIG. 33 , there is illustrated a fragmentary section of a modified combination concrete panel and truss designated generally by reference character 754 . Panel 754 is substantially similar in construction to panel 720 except the lower double-angle strut 756 constituting the lower chord of the panel 754 includes a double-angle strut 756 in which the orientation of the strut 756 is reversed, that is, the strut 756 opens downwardly, with the vertical legs 756 A directed downward. The web-reinforcing bar 764 passes through the top strut 758 at the gap 766 of the top strut 758 to the gap 767 at double-angle strut 756 , and continues back and forth alternately between the struts 758 and 756 and the reinforcing bars alternating between said struts 758 and 756 . The concrete filler is first introduced to the panel 754 to fill the chamber 757 , curing same thereafter. When the top wall is completed (cured), the panel 754 is inverted and concrete is added to the chamber 759 forming the second, opposite concrete wall.

Referring now to FIG. 34 , an assemblage 766 of panels 768 , 770 , 772 and 774 are illustrated, the said panels coupled end to end and showing changes in direction from one end of the assemblage 766 to the opposite end of the assemblage 766 . Each of the said panels are substantially similar to the panel 600 illustrated in FIGS. 27 and 28 .

Each panel of panels 768 - 774 includes an outside concrete wall 776 , reinforcing bars 778 embedded in the concrete wall, rigid insulation boards 780 seated upon the plural angles 782 disposed equally spaced between the opposite ends of said panels, wall-reinforcing bars 784 tied to the reinforcing bars 778 and passed through top and bottom double-angled struts 786 and 788 . The end plate 790 of panel 768 is secured to the leg 800 B of angle 800 , the other leg 800 A of angle 800 being the end plate of panel 770 . The opposite end plate 802 of panel 770 is secured to end plate 804 of panel 772 by bolt assembly 806 . The top double-angle strut 786 of panel 772 has horizontal legs 786 B and vertical legs 786 A. The leg 786 B extends to the end of the panel 772 . An angle 792 is the end plate of panel 774 and the leg 792 A is parallel to leg 786 B of panel 772 . The leg 796 A of angle 796 is secured to the bottom strut 788 . A bolt 806 secures panel 774 at the leg 792 B to leg 796 B securing panel 772 to panel 774 . The respective double-angle truss structures are incorporated in the respective panels.

In FIG. 35 , the truss structure that is incorporated in selected ones of the pre-fabricated building panels is illustrated and designated generally by reference charter 850 . The particular truss structure simple and easy to construct but to date has not been recognized by the art, and is not believed to be obvious in view of the prior art relating to truss constructions.

The truss 850 comprises a pair of double-angle struts 852 and 854 , arranged spaced apart in horizontally parallel planes, the upper one 852 of the pair above the lower one 854 of the pair, the double-angle struts 852 and 854 aligned with their gaps 852 C and 854 C also aligned, each double-angle strut having vertical legs and horizontal legs, 852 A, 852 B and 854 A, 854 B, respectively.

An elongate web-reinforcement bar 856 is bent repeatedly along its length to form upper and lower alternating curved bends 858 , 860 respectively along the length of said bar 856 . The bar 856 has one end 852 C seated secured within gap 852 C so that the first bend 858 extends beyond the said gap 852 C and the bar continuing downward toward the gap 854 C of the double-angle strut 854 thus entering said gap 854 . The first lower bend 860 then is seated and secured within the gap 854 C, the lower bend reaching the interior gap 854 C between the vertical legs 854 A of double-angle strut 854 . The web-reinforcement bar 856 then continues with a relatively straight-line portion thereof directed to the gap 852 C defined by the vertical legs 852 A of said double-angle the intermediate facing channels 912 are left open leaving a path opening from the outer chamber 902 A (more clearly shown in FIG. 37 ) to the space between the webs 912 A of the facing channels 912 . The facing webs 912 A of said channels 912 are imperforate so that the support channels 907 are secured to the outer surfaces of the webs 912 A of said channels 912 . The inner flanges 912 B of said facing channels 912 engage and are secured to the inner flange 908 B of the base plate 908 . An elongate narrow section of rigid insulation board 914 is disposed tightly between the webs 912 A of facing channels 912 along the inner flanges 912 B of said facing channels 912 bottoming on the web 908 A of the bottom base plate 908 and secured to the flanges 906 B thereof. A elongate vertical chamber 958 thus is defined by the rigid insulation board 914 and the webs 912 A The chamber 902 A opens to the chamber 958 which extends along the length of the pair of facing channels.

In filling the panel 900 with concrete, the concrete first can be introduced with the skeletal assembly 900 A and its forming structure 900 B arranged horizontally, filling the outer chamber 902 A and the chamber 958 . A bridging section 904 A of rigid insulation board is placed between the webs 912 A of said facing channels 912 adjacent the outer flanges 912 C. A rectangular rigid metal section 922 is placed horizontally between the webs 912 A and extending between the flanges 912 C and 912 B, defining a shelf 916 between the facing channels 912 . Once the concrete filling the chambers 902 A and 958 has been cured, one end of an I-beam can be supported upon the shelf 922 , the I-beam extending perpendicularly outward from the panel 900 . The arrow 901 illustrates the direction of the entry of concrete into the panel 900 while the skeletal assembly 900 A and its forming structure 900 B are oriented horizontally.

FIG. 37 illustrates a section taken along lines 37 — 37 of FIG. 36 and illustrates a method by which the panel 900 can be completed with the skeletal assembly 900 A arranged horizontally oriented within the forming structure 900 B thereof. The outer chamber 902 A defines the outer concrete wall 902 . The space between the facing webs 912 A of the facing channels 912 is left open. Vertically oriented reinforcing bars 956 are arranged within the chamber 958 . When the concrete is introduced to form the concrete wall 902 of panel 950 , concrete also is introduced at the same time to the chamber 958 filling same, and thus forming, when the concrete therein is cured, not only the concrete wall 902 but also forming a load beam extending parallel to the channels 912 and 906 . The rigid insulation board sections may be replaced with rigid wall board or other rigid material.

FIG. 38 illustrates a modified installation compared to the panel 900 illustrated in FIG. 36 , the modified panel 900 ′ differs from panel 900 only in that the rigid insulation board that was omitted between the webs 912 A and near the outer flanges 912 C of the facing channels 912 , is continuous by introducing a section 904 A′ of rigid insulation board between the web 912 A and in line with rigid insulation board 904 . The vertical section 904 A′ of rigid insulation board replaces the section 904 A shown in FIG. 36 redefining the chamber 958 as described in panel 900 which now becomes isolated. The outer wall 902 of the panel is formed by first introducing concrete to the forming structure 900 ′B while the skeletal assembly 900 ′A is oriented horizontally within the forming structure 900 ′B (see arrow 901 ). After the concrete wall 902 is cured, the panel 900 ′ is oriented vertically for completing the installation. At this time, the chamber 958 is filled through the top end of the vertically disposed panel 900 ′. In panel 900 ′, supporting angles 916 are installed secured to the webs 912 A of the channels 912 with the legs 916 B of the supporting angles 916 bearing against the rigid insulation board 904 . In lieu of installing the plate 922 as shown in FIG. 36 , the chamber 958 is filled with concrete to a level below the top of the panel 900 ′ so as to define, when cured, a shelf for supporting a structural member such as an I-beam (shown in phantom outline).

FIG. 39 is a section taken along line 39 — 39 of FIG. 38 showing the introduction of concrete into the panel 900 ′ first while the skeletal assembly 900 ′A and the forming structure 900 ′B of said panel is oriented horizontally and then, after the outside concrete wall 902 is cured, by pouring the concrete into the chamber 958 through the vertically arranged chamber 958 defined by facing channels 912 , the rigid insulation section 904 A′ and the section 914 of rigid insulation board.

Referring to FIG. 40 wherein a pair of like panels 900 ″ are arranged coupled end to end at a butt-joint between a pair of end plates 916 of each of said panels 900 ″. As found in the panel 900 , the skeletal assemblies 900 ″A of the panels 900 ″ each including plural spaced elongate like structural steel channels 906 , each having an outer flange 906 C, a web 906 A and an inner flange 906 B. The channels 906 are arranged along and secured to a bottom base plate 908 having an inner flange 908 B and a web 908 A. Each end plate 916 comprises a Z-angle having a leg 916 B, a leg 916 A and a leg 916 C. The leg 916 B is secured to the end portion of each panel; the leg 916 A is secured to the inner side of each panel and the leg 916 C being directed perpendicular to leg 916 A in a plane parallel thereto and extending between the facing channels 912 and 912 ′ along and secured to the facing webs 912 A and 912 A′ of channels 912 and 912 ′. Each channel 912 and 912 ′ comprise the end channels of each of said panels 900 ″ and each is provided with outer flange 912 C, a web 912 A and an inner flange 912 B. The end channels 912 and 912 ′ facing each other and will be referred to as facing channels 912 and 912 ′ Aligned holes 910 are formed in each of the webs 906 A of the channels 906 to accommodate the narrow supporting channels 907 passing therethrough. Rigid insulation boards 904 are positioned seated between the webs 906 A of channels 906 at locations between the outer flanges 906 C and the aligned holes 910 . Narrow sections 904 'of rigid insulation board are positioned seated securely between the webs 912 A of facing channels 912 and 912 ′ and the legs 916 B of the end channels 916 of the panels 900 ″ at locations parallel with the rigid insulation boards 904 . An elongate narrow section 904 A″ of rigid insulation board is seated securely between the webs 912 A of the facing channels 912 and 912 ′ and adjacent the inner flanges 912 B of the facing channels 912 and 912 ′. The section 904 A″ extends to the base plate 908 . The facing channels 912 and 912 ′ are secured together by bridging bolt 920 . Thus, an elongate open-topped chamber 958 is defined. The chamber 958 is filled with concrete while the panels 900 ″, including the chamber 958 , is vertically oriented, by pouring the concrete vertically and parallel to the channels so as to form the concrete beam parallel to the channels. A shelf 924 is formed when the concrete reaches the height of the rigid insulation board 914 between the facing channels. The resulting beam effectively bridges the butt-joint.

As is shown in FIG. 41 , a pair of elongate reinforcing bars 956 are disposed vertically oriented within the chamber 958 , preferably prior to filling the chamber 958 . Caulk 919 is introduced between the end plates 916 of panels 900 ″ at the butt-joint to assure against moisture penetration thereat.

In FIGS. 42 AND 43 there are illustrated a pair of panel arrangements which are similar to the panel arrangement shown in FIG. 28 . In each of FIGS. 42 and 43 a pair of panels 634 and 636 are seated vertically oriented one upon the other. Not shown in these FIGURES are additional panels similar in construction with the panels 634 and 636 which are arranged side by side lengthwise to provide a building wall.

Each of panel arrangements shown in FIGS. 42 and 43 are distinguished by the methods employed to complete the installation thereof in a building construction. Some modifications of one of the panels shown in FIGS. 28 have been made, particularly in the panel 636 , to result in modified panel 636 C illustrated in FIG. 42 .

In the FIGS. 42 AND 43 , reference characters are employed which are the same as those directed to elements therein identical to the elements illustrated in FIG. 28 . The elements which are added or modified in the modified panels are designated by additional reference in characters in FIG. 42 .

Directing attention to FIG. 42 , and referring also to the arrangement shown in FIG. 28 for comparison, panels 634 and 600 are identical to panels 634 and 600 of FIG. 28 . Panel 634 and 636 C are arranged vertically oriented, panel 634 being mounted on the top of panel 636 C. Modified panel 636 C omits the horizontal leg 652 and the vertical leg 654 forming the section of base plate 640 extending over the upper ends of the shortened portions of channels 662 . The plate 654 D replaces leg 654 and is secured along a portion of the inner flange 662 B of channel 662 . A narrow length 695 of rigid insulation board is disposed perpendicular to the rigid insulation board 660 between said board 660 and the inner flange 662 B bridging the portion of channel 662 carrying plate 654 D. An elongate supporting channel 699 is secured between the webs 662 A of channels 662 to support the insulation board 695 . A hole 696 is formed in the channel 662 and a reinforcing rod 697 is disposed therein, within the chamber 698 defined by the rigid insulation board 660 , rigid insulation board 695 and the panel 600 . The panel 600 has not been modified has been modified over the panel 600 of FIG. 28 and is identical thereto.

One should note that additional panels 634 and 636 D as well as the panel 600 (forming the floor of the building construction), are disposed coupled side by side and are not visible in the FIG. 42 . The installation of said panels 634 , 636 C and 600 proceeds as follows: the outer wall 658 of panel 636 C is poured when the skeletal assembly and forming structure of panel 636 C is horizontally oriented. The panel 636 C, with the concrete wall 658 thereof cured, is placed in vertical orientation, along with the similar side by side additional vertically oriented panels 636 C. The panels 634 are placed over and upon the tops of the panels 636 C. The panel 600 and the associated side by side additional panels 600 are placed in the cavity (cavities) 664 defined between the base plate 640 of panels 634 and associated side by side panels 634 , and the tops of the channels 662 . Concrete for forming the panel 600 can be poured while the panel 636 C is assembled at the off-site manufacturer's facilities. The pouring also can be effected at the job site with the skeletal assembly and forming structure of said panel 600 introduced into the aforementioned cavity (cavities) 664 .

Prior to installing panels 634 and 600 , the concrete wall 658 of panel 636 C has been cured. Additional side by side panels 636 C have been installed. The reinforcing bar 697 has been secured to each of the side by side panels 636 C. Concrete is then poured into the chamber 696 and is cured. Then panels 600 and 634 can be installed. This is accomplished at the job site and, when the concrete wall 658 is cured, connection between the numerous panels along the line defined by said panels 634 , 636 C and 600 by the load beam which is formed after curing of the concrete introduced into the chamber 698 , said load beam extending perpendicular to the channels and along the line of the numerous side by side panels 636 C.

In FIG. 43 , two of the three panels of the illustrated assemblage illustrated in FIG. 42 have been modified over their counterparts 634 , and 600 illustrated in FIG. 28 , resulting in panels 636 C, 634 C and 600 C. Panel 634 C is provided with a bottom base plate 644 B having a leg 644 B longer than the leg 644 A of panel 634 , defining a chamber 659 . The horizontal leg 644 A is provided with hole 643 . The panel 636 C is identical to the modified panel 636 shown in FIG. 42 . The panel 600 C has been modified to omit a portion 604 of the rigid insulation board 618 thereby defining a path between the chamber 664 A and the chamber 698 when the skeletal assembly of panel 600 C is introduced into the cavity 664 defined between panels 634 C and 636 C. Optionally, a reinforcing angle bar 699 A can be introduced in the chamber 644 A before said chamber is filled. One leg 699 B of angle bar 699 A extends through the hole 643 formed in the bottom base plate 644 of panel 634 and terminates at the bend 616 of the web-reinforcement bar 616 . Concrete can be poured simultaneously into the chambers 664 A and 698 after the panel 636 C is installed and the skeletal assembly of panel 600 C is introduced into the cavity 664 and cured. Now the panel 634 C is mounted on panels 636 C and 60 C, and concrete is poured into the chambers 659 defined by base plate 644 , the leg 699 B′ being disposed within chamber 659 .

Attention now is directed to FIG. 44 wherein a modified combination concrete panel and truss assemblies 720 C and 722 C are illustrated. The panels 720 C and 722 C are modifications of the panels 720 and 722 as illustrated in FIG. 32 heretofore described. The purpose of the modifications is to improve the installation of these panels as vertically oriented and combined into an wall construction wherein the panel 720 is installed vertically oriented and secured to a footing (shown in phantom outline). The panel 722 is secured in a horizontal orientation to the top end of the panel. 720 . Each of the panels 720 and 722 are formed independently and assembled to their orientation coupled end to end. It would be of considerable advantage to provide a combined structure which can be completed on-site, with a portion of the structure constituting a self-contained structural beam linking the two panels and any associated side by side plural panels, and completed on site. In addition, modifications of selected sections of the panels could be made over the structures shown in FIG. 32 to improve the strength of the assembly shown in said FIGURE.

Accordingly, the reference characters designating common elements of the panels and the arrangement thereof shown in FIGS. 32 and 44 are utilized. First, referring to the concrete beam 748 in panel 720 , the rigid insulation board 724 is separated into sections along its length, leaving gaps at the area of the intended beam 748 , and being severed at the area of the gap 732 . The panel 720 C has been modified first to utilize a single unbroken length of rigid insulation board from base plate 734 to the base plate 748 . Second, an elongate relatively narrow length of rigid insulation board 750 is applied angularly arranged over the web-reinforcing bar 716 between the rigid insulation board 724 and the rigid insulation board 752 . The concrete is poured to form the concrete wall 720 B of panel 720 when the skeletal assembly 720 A and the forming structure 720 B is arranged horizontally.

Panel 722 C has been modified by deleting a portion 723 of the rigid insulation board 719 of the skeletal assembly of panel 722 C defining a path to the chamber 753 of panel 720 C. After the panel 720 C is installed vertically and the panel 722 C is secured over the shortened bottom double-angle strut 738 , concrete can be introduced to the chamber 723 of panel 722 C filling the same to form the concrete wall 721 thereof and said concrete continues to flow into the chamber 753 defining the beam thereat. The chamber 723 also is filled subsequent to the pouring and curing leading to completion of the concrete wall 721 of panel 722 C.

In panel 720 C, in addition to providing the rigid insulation boards 724 continuously over the length of the top double-angle strut 726 , the lower beam is formed by filling the chamber 733 defined by the base plate 734 and the rigid insulation boards 724 and the section 749 and is reinforced by a reinforcing bar 753 entering the chamber 733 through a hole 735 formed in the base plate 734 and extending through the chamber, the angle portion of said bar 753 being embedded within the footing (shown in phantom outline) with the reinforcing bar 753 extending outward of the footing and hence through the concrete beam. It also should be noted that the necessity for utilizing an angle such as 744 of FIG. 32 for the purpose of securing the panel 720 to the footing, is obviated.

FIG. 45 illustrates a modified beam forming channel parallel to the web-reinforcement bars 958 A of the truss portion of a modified combination concrete panel and truss panel similar to the combination concrete panel and truss 600 illustrated in FIGS. 27 AND 28 . The modified panel is represented generally by reference character 600 D. The double-angle struts 608 C and 610 D are closer together than the double-angle struts 608 and 610 of the panel 600 . Section 618 A of rigid insulation board is seated upon the legs 608 B of adjacent struts 608 ′ and 608 ″ forming a bridge therebetween. Sections 618 B of rigid insulation board are seated between the facing angles 608 A and 608 B and the facing angles 610 A and 610 B. The sections 618 B being thinner than the section 618 A. A section 618 C of thickness the same as the thickness of section 618 B is seated on the remaining horizontal portions of the facing angles 610 of said double-angle bottom struts 610 , thereby to define a rectangular walled box chamber 622 . Concrete is introduced into the chamber 620 first when the skeletal arrangement and the forming structure thereof is arranged horizontally oriented. Upon completion of the resulting concrete wall of the panel 600 C, the chamber 622 is filled with concrete by pouring the concrete thereinto when the panel is oriented vertically, thereby defining, when the concrete is cured, a beam parallel to the struts 608 ′ and 610 ′. If the section 618 A is omitted, the concrete can be introduced into chamber 620 from which it passes to the chamber 622 , forming the parallel beam and the concrete wall with a single pour of concrete while the said skeletal assembly and forming structure are oriented horizontally.

In the course of providing the pre-fabricated self-contained building panel of the invention, and particularly, the various described embodiments thereof, attention has been directed to the realization of the capability of the respectively described skeletal assemblies developed to function independently as concrete forms serving as means to provide architectural bodies heretofore not capable of being produced combined as an element of a pre-fabricated self-contained wall panel but also which can function as stand-alone structures, such as columns or load-carrying beams integral with building panels or walls formed of structural steel channels, said resulting load-carrying beams being directed parallel and/or providing a unique load-carrying beam extending along the top of a building panel and directed perpendicular to the structural steel channels thereof, as well as load-carrying beams unitary with the building wall and disposed integral with a vertically oriented beam or column, said load-carrying beams extending horizontally outward thereof.

Directing attention to FIGS. 46 through 48 wherein there are illustrated concrete forms embodying the invention which enable the provision either as an element within a building panel or a stand-alone building column; a load-carrying beam disposed along the top of a building panel and extending perpendicular to the channel array forming the structural basis of the building panel; and a load-carrying beam unitary with a vertical column disposed within a pre-fabricated building panel and extending horizontally outward from the vertical column (and the panel) in a direction perpendicular thereto.

In FIG. 46 , the concrete form according to the invention, is designated generally by reference character 960 . The concrete form 960 comprises an array of vertically oriented structural steel channels having opposite longitudinal edge flanges, said structural steel channels 961 are seated spaced in a row within a bottom base plate 962 having opposite flanges 962 B and 962 C. Of said channels 961 , a pair of facing channels 963 are disposed intermediate to the channels 961 . Channels 961 each are provided with at least a hole 964 in the central web 961 A thereo, said holes 964 of the channels 961 being aligned. Narrow supporting channels 966 are directed through the aligned holes 964 and secured to the respective steel channels 961 as well as secured to the outwardly facing surfaces 965 A of the imperforate webs 965 of the facing channels 963 . Rigid insulation boards 968 are disposed between the facing channels adjacent 963 adjacent the opposite flanges 963 B and 963 C thereof, said rigid insulation boards 968 being seated on the base plate 962 , thereby defining a vertical concrete receiving chamber 969 . Concrete is introduced vertically into the chamber 969 thereby to form a concrete column as an element combined with a building structure, here one utilizing the respective channels 961 .

In FIG. 47 , a modified embodiment of the concrete form embodying the invention is designated generally by reference character 970 . Elements of concrete form 970 which are common with the corresponding elements shown in respect of concrete form 960 , will be designated by the same reference characters employed in FIG. 46 . Each of the vertically oriented channels 961 are provided with a first pair of side-by-side holes 971 , 972 formed in the webs 961 A thereof, proximate the upper ends of said channels 961 . A third hole 973 also is provided in said webs 961 A of channels 961 at a predetermined location thereat. The holes 971 , 972 and 973 of each of the channels 961 are aligned. A pair of narrow U-shaped steel channels 978 , similar to the channels 966 are passed through the side-by-side holes 971 , said narrow channels 978 opening downwardly to provide planar mid-portions.

A pair of plates 974 are secured to the upper portions of the respective flanges 961 B and 961 C of each of the channels 961 . A rigid plate 975 is disposed between the plates 974 and between the channels 961 , said plate 975 resting upon and secured to the planar mid-portions of the narrow channels 978 between the pair of plates 974 . An elongate reinforcing bar 976 is passed through the holes 973 and is disposed along said rigid plate 975 . The assembly of said plates 974 , said channels 961 and said plate 975 define a top opening concrete receiving chamber 977 into which concrete can be introduced filling the chamber 977 to define a load-carrying beam extending along the top of the form to be utilized with the building structure.

In FIG. 48 , a modified embodiment of the concrete form of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 46 and 47 is designated generally by reference character 980 and comprises a skeletal structure similar to that of concrete form 960 but, additionally, having the top of the channels 961 fitted within an elongate oppositely flanged top base plate 981 into which the upper ends of the channels 961 are seated in and secured thereto. A pair of facing channels 982 are coextensively seated on and secured to the top base plate 981 and extend outward thereof. A section 983 formed of rigid insulation board or other rigid material is seated and secured between the top base plate 981 . The channel thus defined is closed off at its ends to define a concrete receiving chamber 984 extending in a direction perpendicular to the channels 961 . Optionally, a reinforcing bar 985 can be placed within the chamber 984 . The concrete receiving chamber 984 is filled with concrete to define a beam extending outward from the channel assembly.

It should be pointed out that the column illustrated in FIG. 46 can be formed as a structural column using only a pair of facing channels and the rigid insulation boards defining the concrete receiving chamber 969 .

It should be understood by one skilled in the art, that although the preferred self-hardening material is concrete and its various concrete compositions, other self-hardening materials such as clay, mud and even certain self-hardening resinous compositions can be employed for the formation of the self-contained pre-fabricated building panels, including the combination self-contained pre-fabricated building panels and truss structures according to the invention when concrete and concrete compositions may not be readily available. It is important to recognize that the said self-contained prefabricated building panels and the combination pre-fabricated building panels and truss structures according to the invention can be fabricated either at the manufacturing plant or on a construction site.

Many variations are contemplated in the structures of the concrete panels, methods, etc. disclosed in the foregoing specification without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed and claimed. The prospective uses of the panels described and claimed herein are many and varied without departing from the scope of the invention, including the panels, the methods of making same and the truss structure alone and incorporated within the various panels.

Claims

1. A concrete form comprising a spaced channel array of vertical elongate channel members having opposite ends, each of said vertical elongate channel members arranged in a generally parallel row, at least one base plate formation, said one base plate formation seating said channel array at one of said opposite ends thereof at least a pair of spaced elongate facing channels, each having a central web and opposite longitudinal edges flanges, elongate rigid insulation boards disposed between said webs of said pair of elongate facing channels adjacent said opposite longitudinal edge flanges and said base plate formation seating said facing channels at the bottoms thereof, said facing channels, said base plate formation and said insulation boards defining a top opening concrete receiving chamber capable of being filled with concrete thereby to form a solid concrete column, said facing channels array being intermediate said spaced channels of said channel array and elongate narrow channel support means secured between each of said channel of said channel array.

2. The concrete form according to claim 1 in which there is a top base plate formation secured upon said spaced channel array of vertical elongate channel member channels, a pair of second facing channels having opposite longitudinal channels are coextensive and seated on and secured to said top base plate so as to extend in a direction outward thereof, a length of rigid material is seated on said top base plate and along said longitudinal flanges of said facing channels between said facing channels and the opposite ends of said facing channels being closed off whereby to define a concrete receiving chamber capable of receiving concrete therein defining a solid concrete beam extending outward in a to said channel array.

3. The concrete form according to claim 2 in which a reinforcing bar is disposed within and along said concrete receiving chamber.

4. A concrete form comprising a spaced channel array of vertical elongate channel members having opposite top and bottom ends, each of said vertical elongate channel members arranged in a generally parallel row, at least one base plate formation seating said vertical elongate channel array at the bottom ends thereof, each of said vertical elongate channel members having a central web and opposite longitudinal edge flanges, a first rigid plate secured to said opposite longitudinal edge flanges of a pair of said vertical elongate channel embers at a location adjacent the top ends of said pair of said vertical elongate channels bridging the same, a plural spaced pairs of rigid plate members secured to said opposite longitudinal edge flanges of said pair of channels and extending across said first rigid plate member bridging the same, first pairs of side-by-side holes formed in the central webs of said vertically spaced channel members, said first pairs of side-by-side holes being aligned, plural its additional aligned pairs of side-by-side holes formed in the webs of said vertically spaced channels at a location proximate,the upper ends of said vertically spaced channel members, elongate narrow channel members each being received through said pairs of side-by-side holes, said first rigid plate member being seated upon the upper-most one of said narrow channel members, said first and second rigid plates defining a trough-like top opening concrete receiving chamber capable of receiving concrete therein defining a solid concrete beam extending in a direction horizontally aligned with and bridging at least a portion of said vertically spaced channel array.

5. The concrete form according to claim 4 in which additional aligned holes are formed in said central webs of said spaced vertical channel members and said second rigid plates and a reinforcing rod is disposed through said additional holes and along said trough-like concrete receiving chamber holes.