Patent Grant
11135360
The present application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/301,379, filed Nov. 13, 2018, which is the national stage of International Application No. PCT/US2017/032017, filed May 10, 2017, which claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional No. 62/336,191, filed May 13, 2016, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The present invention relates to medical devices and infusion pump systems.
Infusion pumps are medical devices that deliver fluids, including nutrients and medications such as antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers, in controlled amounts. Many types of pumps, including large volume, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), elastomeric, syringe, enteral, and insulin pumps, are used worldwide in healthcare facilities, such as hospitals, and in the home. Clinicians and patients rely on pumps for safe and accurate administration of fluids and medications.
It is often desirable to provide more than one therapeutic fluid to the patient from the same infusion pump. Two fluid reservoirs with different therapeutic fluids are connected to the infusion pump and then delivered through a common line having a terminal fluid delivery end. The terminal fluid delivery end is attached to the patient. The first therapeutic fluid and second therapeutic fluid may be administered concurrently or one at a time by controlling the fluid flow path to draw fluid from both reservoirs or from only one reservoir.
When switching from single to concurrent fluid delivery, the therapeutic fluid remaining in the common line may lead to complexity in controlling delivery volumes or flow rates when switching between fluid sources. For example, the remaining therapeutic fluid must be cleared from the common line before the next therapeutic fluid begins administration (entering the patient's body), which delays the next therapeutic fluid from reaching the patient. In addition, when the therapeutic fluids are administered concurrently, the first therapeutic fluid remaining in the common line will be administered at the combined rate of the first therapeutic fluid infusion rate plus the second therapeutic fluid infusion rate, e.g., the remaining first therapeutic fluid will be administered at the combined rate determined from the rates specified for the first and second therapeutic fluids. This can result in the patient receiving more or less than the optimum therapy with respect to the first therapeutic fluid. Furthermore, the remaining therapeutic fluid may not be correctly accounted for, potentially creating delays in the values indicated at the infusion pump, versus therapeutic fluid received by the patient. Finally, a single medication delivered at a combined rate may actually result in the single medication being infused at a rate that can exceed an upper soft or hard limit specified for such medication until the medication in the common line is displaced by an intended second fluid (in the case of a piggyback infusion) or a mixture of first and second fluids (in the case of a concurrent delivery). While the pump data will be correct in terms of infusion rates over given times, the actual fluid delivery to the terminal fluid delivery end at the patient may not be correctly captured in pump and system data.
In addition, while some infusion therapies specify a particular volume of fluid to infuse to a patient, in some therapies it is preferred to deliver 100% of the volume of fluid contained within a particular fluid reservoir, such that the fluid is delivered until the reservoir is emptied. However, with many infusion pump systems, due to variable fluid volume contained in the reservoir and typical pump delivery accuracy tolerances and system dependencies, it is only possible to achieve 100% fluid delivery by over-programming the pump, or by entering pump programming parameters that do not accurately reflect the volume and duration of fluid actually administered to the patient.
It would be desirable to have infusion pump systems and methods with common line auto flush that would overcome the above disadvantages.
In one embodiment, a control system is provided to control operation of an infusion pump of an infusion pump system. The infusion pump system includes a first reservoir configured to hold a first fluid, a second reservoir configured to hold a second fluid, a junction in fluid communication with the first reservoir and the second reservoir, a common line in fluid communication with the junction and having a terminal fluid delivery end, and the infusion pump, wherein the infusion pump is operable to drive fluid through the common line toward the terminal fluid delivery end. The control system includes: one or more hardware processors; and a memory storing executable instructions that when executed by the one or more hardware processors, configure the infusion pump to: receive instructions to deliver the first fluid at a first rate, subsequently concurrently deliver a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid, and concurrently deliver the first fluid at the first rate and the second fluid at a second rate; infuse the first fluid at the first rate along a first flow path, the first flow path including the common line; determine a common line volume corresponding to a volume of the common line; draw the first fluid from the first reservoir the second fluid from the second reservoir to deliver the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid; infuse the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid at a flushing rate along a second flow path, the second flow path including the common line; determine that an infused volume of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid equals or exceeds the common line volume; and change the infusion rate of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid from the flushing rate to a combined rate, wherein the combined rate is the sum of the first rate and the second rate, and continue to infuse the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid along the second flow path at the combined rate.
The control system may also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the common line. The executable instructions may further configure the infusion pump to determine the flushing rate based upon whether the first fluid is a medicinal fluid, determine the flushing rate as the first rate when the first fluid is a medicinal fluid, or determine the flushing rate as the first rate increased by a flushing rate factor when the first fluid is not a medicinal fluid.
The instructions may further configure the infusion pump to receive the common line volume from a user input, retrieve the common line volume from the memory, or retrieve the common line volume over a network. The common line volume may be predetermined. The instructions may further configure the infusion pump to determine the common volume based on the first fluid. The first rate may be different than the second rate.
The instructions may further configure the infusion pump to receive the instructions for the delivery from an input via a user interface. The executable instructions further configure the infusion pump to: determine that an infusion of the second fluid has completed; draw the first fluid from the first reservoir without drawing the second fluid from the second reservoir; infuse the first fluid at the combined rate; determine that a volume of the first fluid infused at the combined rate equals or exceeds the common line volume; and change the infusion rate of the first fluid from the combined rate to the first rate.
The executable instructions may configure the infusion pump to determine that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by comparing a volume of fluid infused to a programmed volume to infuse, determine that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by receiving an instruction to stop infusing the second fluid, or determine that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by determining that the second reservoir has been depleted of second fluid.
The executable instructions may further configure the infusion pump to: determine that an infusion of the first fluid has completed; draw the second fluid from the second reservoir without drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir; infuse the second fluid at the combined rate; determine that a volume of the second fluid infused at the combined rate equals or exceeds the common line volume; and change the infusion rate of the second fluid from the combined rate to the second rate.
The executable instructions may configure the infusion pump to determine that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by comparing a volume of fluid infused to a programmed volume to infuse, determine that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by receiving an instruction to stop infusing the first fluid, or determine that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by determining that the first reservoir has been depleted of first fluid.
In another embodiment, a method for controlling operation of an infusion pump of an infusion pump system is provided. The infusion pump system includes a first reservoir configured to hold a first fluid, a second reservoir configured to hold a second fluid, a junction in fluid communication with the first reservoir and the second reservoir, a common line in fluid communication with the junction and having a terminal fluid delivery end, and the infusion pump, wherein the infusion pump is operable to drive fluid through the common line toward the terminal fluid delivery end. The method includes: drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir and the second fluid from the second reservoir to form a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid; infusing the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid at a combined rate, wherein the combined rate is a sum of a first infusion rate associated with the first fluid and a second infusion rate associated with the second fluid; determining a common line volume corresponding to a volume of the common line; determining that the second reservoir is depleted; drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir without drawing the second fluid from the second reservoir; driving the first fluid at the combined rate along a flow path including the common line; determining that a driven volume of the first fluid equals or exceeds the common line volume; and changing the infusion rate of the first fluid from the combined rate to the first rate, and continuing to infuse the first fluid along the flow path at the first rate.
The infusion pump may also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the common line. Determining the common line volume may include receiving the common line volume from a user input, retrieving the common line volume from a memory, or retrieving the common line volume over a network. The common line volume may be predetermined.
Determining the common line volume may include determining the common line volume based on the first fluid. The first rate may be different than the second rate. Driving the first fluid at the combined rate may include driving the first fluid at a rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the first fluid. Determining that the second reservoir is depleted may include receiving a sensor signal that air is present in the junction or in a line coupling the junction to the second reservoir.
The method may further include pumping the first fluid from the first reservoir towards the second reservoir in response to receiving the sensor signal that air is present in the junction or in the line coupling the junction to the second reservoir.
In yet another embodiment, a control system for controlling operation of an infusion pump of an infusion pump system is provided. The infusion pump system includes a first reservoir configured to hold a first fluid, a second reservoir configured to hold a second fluid, a junction in fluid communication with the first reservoir and the second reservoir, a common line in fluid communication with the junction and having a terminal fluid delivery end, and the infusion pump, wherein the infusion pump is operable to drive fluid through the common line toward the terminal fluid delivery end. The control system includes: one or more hardware processors; and a memory storing executable instructions that when executed by the one or more hardware processors, configure the infusion pump to: draw the first fluid from the first reservoir and the second fluid from the second reservoir to form a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid; infuse the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid at a combined rate, wherein the combined rate is a sum of a first infusion rate associated with the first fluid and a second infusion rate associated with the second fluid; determine a common line volume corresponding to a volume of the common line; draw the first fluid from the first reservoir without drawing the second fluid from the second reservoir; drive the first fluid at the combined rate along a flow path including the common line; determine that a driven volume of the first fluid equals or exceeds the common line volume; and change the infusion rate of the first fluid from the combined rate to the first rate, and continue to infuse the first fluid along the flow path at the first rate.
The infusion pump may also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the common line.
The executable instructions may also configure the infusion pump to determine the common line volume by receiving the common line volume from a user input, determine the common line volume by retrieving the common line volume from a memory, or determine the common line volume by retrieving the common line volume over a network. The common line volume may be predetermined.
The executable instructions may also configure the infusion pump to determine the common line volume by determining the common line volume based on the first fluid. The first rate may be different than the second rate.
The executable instructions may configure the infusion pump to drive the first fluid at the combined rate by driving the first fluid at a rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the first fluid. The executable instructions may configure the infusion pump to determine that the second reservoir is depleted by receiving a sensor signal that air is present in the junction or in a line coupling the junction to the second reservoir. The executable instructions may further configure the infusion pump to pump the first fluid from the first reservoir towards the second reservoir in response to receiving the sensor signal that air is present in the junction or in the line coupling the junction to the second reservoir.
In yet another embodiment, a method for controlling operation of an infusion pump of an infusion pump system is provided. The infusion pump system includes a first reservoir configured to hold a first fluid, a second reservoir configured to hold a second fluid, a junction in fluid communication with the first reservoir and the second reservoir, a common line in fluid communication with the junction and having a terminal fluid delivery end, and the infusion pump, wherein the infusion pump is operable to drive fluid through the common line toward the terminal fluid delivery end. The method includes: receiving instructions to deliver the first fluid at a first rate, subsequently concurrently deliver a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid, and concurrently deliver the first fluid at the first rate and the second fluid at a second rate; infusing the first fluid at the first rate along a first flow path, the first flow path including the common line; determining a common line volume corresponding to a volume of the common line; drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir the second fluid from the second reservoir to deliver the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid; infusing the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid at a flushing rate along a second flow path, the second flow path including the common line; determining that an infused volume of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid equals or exceeds the common line volume; and changing the infusion rate of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid from the flushing rate to a combined rate, wherein the combined rate is the sum of the first rate and the second rate, and continue to infuse the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid along the second flow path at the combined rate.
The infusion pump system may also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the common line. The method may also include determining the flushing rate based upon whether the first fluid is a medicinal fluid, determining the flushing rate as the first rate when the first fluid is a medicinal fluid, or determining the flushing rate as the first rate increased by a flushing rate factor when the first fluid is not a medicinal fluid.
The method may also include receiving the common line volume from a user input, retrieving the common line volume from the memory, or retrieving the common line volume over a network. The common line volume may be predetermined.
The method may also include determining the common volume based on the first fluid. The first rate may be different than the second rate. Infusing the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid at the flushing rate may include one or more of delivering the first fluid at a first fluid flush rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the first fluid or delivering the second fluid at a second fluid flush rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the second fluid.
The method may also include: determining that an infusion of the second fluid has completed; drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir without drawing the second fluid from the second reservoir; infusing the first fluid at the combined rate; determining that a volume of the first fluid infused at the combined rate equals or exceeds the common line volume; and changing the infusion rate of the first fluid from the combined rate to the first rate.
The method may also include determining that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by comparing a volume of fluid infused to a programmed volume to infuse, determining that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by receiving an instruction to stop infusing the second fluid, or determining that an infusion of the second fluid has completed by determining that the second reservoir has been depleted of second fluid. Infusing the first fluid at the combined rate may include infusing the first fluid at a rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the first fluid.
The method may also include: determining that an infusion of the first fluid has completed; drawing the second fluid from the second reservoir without drawing the first fluid from the first reservoir; infusing the second fluid at the combined rate; determining that a volume of the second fluid infused at the combined rate equals or exceeds the common line volume; and changing the infusion rate of the second fluid from the combined rate to the second rate.
The method may also include determining that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by comparing a volume of fluid infused to a programmed volume to infuse, determining that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by receiving an instruction to stop infusing the first fluid, or determining that an infusion of the first fluid has completed by determining that the first reservoir has been depleted of first fluid. Infusing the second fluid at the combined rate may include infusing the second fluid at a rate that exceeds a drug library rate limit associated with the second fluid.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention rather than limiting. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
In certain embodiments, a control system can control operation of an infusion pump system. The infusion pump system can include a first reservoir that can hold a first fluid, a second reservoir configured to hold a second fluid, a junction in fluid communication with the first reservoir and the second reservoir, a common line in fluid communication with the junction and having a terminal fluid delivery end, and an infusion pump operable to drive fluid through the common line toward the terminal fluid delivery end. The control system can control whether fluids from the reservoirs are drawn individually or concurrently (e.g., simultaneously or in an alternating manner). For example, the control system can include a flow control mechanism to manipulate a flow path at the junction to draw fluid from the first reservoir alone, the second reservoir alone, or both first and second reservoirs in an alternating manner.
The first reservoir may be referred to as the primary source and the second reservoir may be referred to as the secondary source. During a primary infusion, fluid is infused from the first, or primary reservoir, into the junction, and through the common line to the terminal end (and into the patient) at a first infusion rate. During a secondary infusion, fluid is infused from the second, or secondary reservoir, into the junction, and through the common line to the terminal end (and into the patient) at a second infusion rate. During a concurrent infusion (sometimes referred to as concurrent delivery), first and second fluids are infused simultaneously to a patient at respective first and second infusion rates. A first volume of the first fluid is drawn from the first reservoir, and a second volume of the second fluid is drawn from the second reservoir. The first and second volumes are proportionate to the first and second infusion rates. Once the first and second fluids have been drawn, the pump drives (e.g., pumps or pushes out) the fluid combination through the common line to the terminal and (and into the patient) at a combined rate.
The combined rate can be equal to one of the first or second infusion rates, or it can be determined from the first and second infusion rates. For example, the combined rate can be determined as the sum as the first and second infusion rates. In some cases, a maximum rate may be established, and if the sum of the programmed first and second rates exceeds the maximum rate, then the combined rate may be set to the maximum rate. Other methods of determining a combined rate using the first and second rates are possible, as well. In addition, if the combined rate equals or exceeds a predetermined maximum combined rate, the first and second rates may be reduced proportionally such that their sum is less than or equals the maximum combined rate. In other embodiments, if the combined rate equals or exceeds a predetermined maximum combined rate, only the first rate is reduced until the sum of the first and second rates is less than or equals the maximum combined rate. For example, only the first rate may be reduced based upon a determination of fluid types of the first and second fluids. If the first fluid is a non-medication and the second fluid is a medication, then in some embodiments, the only the first rate is reduced (or the first rate is reduced by an amount or proportion that is greater than an amount or proportion that the second rate is reduced), such that the sum of the first and second rates is less than or equal to the maximum combined rate. In such embodiments, the user would be presented with a suggested first and second rate for approval or confirmation via a user interface before changing and/or initiating an infusion according to such adjusted first and/or second rates.
Like elements share like reference numbers throughout the various figures.
Systems and methods that improve an infusion pump system with concurrent delivery and common line auto flush are described herein. An infusion pump can operate in a primary delivery mode and deliver a first fluid from a first reservoir at a first rate, and then switch to a concurrent delivery mode, such as by delivering a combination of the first fluid from the first reservoir and a second fluid from a second reservoir at a combined delivery rate. The pump may switch from a concurrent delivery mode to a primary delivery mode (or to a secondary delivery mode where a second fluid is delivered from a second reservoir at a second rate), as well.
As discussed above, first fluid will remain in the common line at the time the delivery mode is switched from primary delivery mode to concurrent delivery mode. Therefore, if the first and second fluids are delivered at the combined delivery rate as soon as the concurrent delivery mode begins, the first fluid remaining in the common line will be delivered into the patient at the incorrect (i.e., the combined) rate. Furthermore, delivering fluids at rates other than the desired rates may result in inaccurate therapy, which can be dangerous to the patient. The systems and methods described herein improve delivery and accurately account for the fluid remaining in the volume of the common line. Fluid as used herein can be any fluid suitable to be administered to a patient by infusion, including saline fluid, fluid including a drug or other therapeutic agent, or the like.
The infusion pump system 100 of
Primary Infusion Mode
The infusion pump 130 is operable to operate in a primary infusion mode during which the infusion pump infuses the first fluid 112 at a first rate along a first flow path 150 that includes the first reservoir 110, the junction 180, the optional mixing chamber, and the common line 140. The infusion pump 130 is further operable to determine a common line flush volume value corresponding to the internal volume of the common line 140. The infusion pump 130 may determine the common line flush volume by receiving the value from an operator, receiving it over a network (e.g., from a drug library or other database), retrieving it from a memory of the infusion pump, or any other method described herein.
Primary to Concurrent Infusion Mode with Auto Flush
The infusion pump 130 is further configured to change to a concurrent infusion mode by drawing a second fluid 122 from a second reservoir 120 along a second flow path 160 into the junction 180 and/or mixing chamber and mixing it with the first fluid 112, drawn from the first reservoir 110 via the first flow path 150. The second flow path 160 includes the second reservoir 120, the junction 180, and the optional mixing chamber. The infusion pump is configured to initially infuse the mixture at the first rate until the volume of the first fluid is flushed out of the common line 140. The infusion pump 130 is configured to monitor volume of the mixture of first and second fluids 112, 122 driven at the first rate and subsequently pump the mixture of first and second fluids 112, 122 at the programmed combined rate when the monitored volume of the mixture is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value. In this case, the delivery rates of fluid 1 and fluid 2 would be reduced (scaled down) from programmed rates during displacement of the common line volume, and the pump system may allow an override of one or both lower rate limits, or other associated limits, defined respectively for each of fluid 1 and fluid 2, during this phase of delivery.
Alternatively, for example in a scenario where the first fluid is a not a medication (e.g., saline) and it is desired to initiate delivery of the second fluid (that is a medication) rapidly, the infusion pump could be configured to initially infuse the mixture at a more rapid rate to quickly displace the relatively inert common line volume. In this case, the initial combined rate could be increased (scaled up) to the programmed first rate plus the programmed second rate until the monitored volume of the mixture is equal to the common line flush volume. In this case, the delivery rates of fluid 1 and/or fluid 2 may be increased above upper rate limits defined for those respective fluids and the pump system may allow override of those limits during this phase of delivery. Further, the resulting scaled combined rate will be applied to the common line fluid 1, whose upper rate limit may limit or define allowable increased combined rates during the common line displacement phase. In this case, drug library defined limits would be considered and applied by the pump system at the point of infusion to the patient as well as per pump programming activity.
Concurrent to Primary Infusion Mode with Auto Flush
The infusion pump 130 is further configured to change from concurrent delivery to a primary infusion mode by refraining from drawing the second fluid 122 from the second reservoir 120, and by infusing only the first fluid 112 from the first reservoir 110 along the first flow path 150. When the infusion pump switches to primary infusion mode, the infusion pump is configured to initially drive the first fluid 112 at the combined rate until the volume of the mixture of first and second fluids 112, 122 is flushed out of the common line 140. The infusion pump 130 is configured to monitor volume of the first fluid 112 driven at the combined rate and subsequently pump the first fluid 112 at the first rate when the monitored first fluid volume is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value. In one example, the infusion pump 130 can be a fluid displacement pump employing a cassette, such as the Plum 360™ infusion pump available from ICU Medical, Inc. of San Clemente, Calif. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the infusion pump 130 can be any type of pump operable to drive fluid from two reservoirs through a common line 140. In this case, driving of the first fluid at the combined rate during common line displacement may require that the pump system allows override of drug library-defined upper rate limits for the first fluid.
Concurrent to Secondary Infusion Mode with Auto Flush
In another embodiment, the infusion pump 130 is further configured to change from a concurrent delivery to a secondary infusion mode by refraining from drawing the first fluid 112 from the first reservoir 110, and by infusing only the second fluid 122 from the second reservoir 120 along the second flow path 160. For example, if the first fluid 112 infusion is completed or is stopped, the infusion pump 130 may automatically switch to a secondary infusion mode. In such case, the infusion pump 130 will stop drawing first fluid 112 from the first reservoir 110, and it will continue to pump at the combined rate until the common line is cleared of the fluid mixture. In this case, the pump system may need to allow an override of upper rate limits for the second fluid while it is pumped at the combined rate during common line displacement. The infusion pump 130 is configured to monitor volume of the second fluid 122 driven at the combined rate and subsequently pump the second fluid 122 at the second rate when the monitored second fluid volume is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value.
In one embodiment, the infusion pump 130 can be operably connected to a medication management unit (MMU) 170 or a server over a hospital network and/or the Internet, to receive a drug library (or other database), which may specify an appropriate common line flush volume value. For example, the drug library (or other database) may include information regarding the volume of various tubing assemblies, each tubing assembly including a common line. The infusion pump (or server) may be configured to determine a tubing assembly identifier associated with a tubing assembly that is attached to the infusion pump and the patient 102. The infusion pump may determine the tubing assembly identifier by receiving it from a server over the hospital network and/or the Internet, by receiving it via manual data entry by an operator, and/or by reading the tubing assembly identifier from the tubing assembly (or by other methods). For example, a tag, such as an RFID tag, an NFC tag or other wireless tag, may include the tubing assembly identifier. A tag reader incorporated into or in communication (directly or indirectly) with the infusion pump, may read the tag to determine the tubing assembly identifier. The common line flush volume value may be determined using the tubing assembly identifier and the drug library (or database).
In one embodiment, the infusion pump 130 can be further operable to increment a displayed value of first fluid volume by the monitored volume when the mixture of first and second fluids 112, 122 are driven at the first rate. The infusion pump 130 can be further operable to increment a displayed value of first and second fluid volumes when the first fluid 112 is driven at the combined rate. In one embodiment, the infusion pump 130 is operable to monitor the volume of infused first fluid 112 and switch to a concurrent infusion mode when the volume of the infused first fluid is equal to a Volume To Be Infused (VTBI) for the first fluid or when the volume of the infused first fluid is equal to the VTBI for the first fluid minus the volume of the common line. In one embodiment, the infusion pump 130 is operable to monitor the volume of infused second fluid 112 during a concurrent infusion mode and switch to a primary infusion mode when the volume of the infused second fluid is equal to a Volume To Be Infused (VTBI) for the second fluid or when the volume of the infused second fluid is equal to the VTBI for the second fluid minus the volume of the common line.
The infusion pump 130 can be operable to receive the common line flush volume value for the common line 140 automatically from the drug library stored in a memory locally in the infusion pump system 100 or remotely on a server. In one example, the drug library associates the common flush volume value with a particular therapeutic agent. In some cases, the drug library may include an indication (e.g., a flag, value, etc.) that a particular fluid is a rate dependent medicinal fluid whose action is rate dependent. The infusion pump 130 may be configured to infuse such fluids (whether alone or concurrently with a second fluid) at the infusion rate specified for such fluids. In another example, the drug library associates the common flush volume value with a particular clinical care area (CCA), such as general care, an intensive care unit (ICU), a neonatal ICU, or the like. In yet another example, the drug library associates the common flush volume value with a particular consumable infusion set, which provides the common line volume. The drug library can include upper and lower dosing limits with hard and soft limits for a number of therapeutic agents. In another embodiment, the infusion pump 130 can be operable to receive the common line flush volume value for the common line 140 from a caregiver via an input on a user interface of the infusion pump.
The common line 140 as illustrated includes the line between the junction 180 and the terminal fluid delivery end 140B that is generally connectable to the patient 102 and includes any fluid path common to the first flow path 150 and the second flow path 160. Thus, the common line 140 can include flow paths within the infusion pump 130 (including the associated consumable infusion set, when applicable) common to the first flow path 150 and the second flow path 160, and is not limited to tubing external to the infusion pump 130. The common line 140 is any portion of the infusion pump system 100 through which the first fluid 112 or a combination of the first fluid 112 and the second fluid 122 can alternately flow when switched. In one embodiment, the common line flush volume value is an internal volume of the common line 140. The common line flush volume value can include an associated consumable infusion set volume, extension sets, filters, stopcocks, manifolds, patient access devices, catheters, and the like. In another embodiment, the common line flush volume value is an internal volume of the common line 140 plus an adjustment volume. The adjustment volume can be any volume desired as a safety factor to assure that the common line 140 is free of the first fluid 112 before the second fluid 122 is infused at the second rate.
The infusion pump system 100′ of
The infusion pump 130′ is further configured to change to a concurrent infusion mode by drawing a second fluid from a second reservoir 120′ along a second flow path 160′ into the optional mixing chamber and mixing it with the first fluid, drawn from the first reservoir 110′ via the first flow path 150′. The second flow path 160′ includes the second reservoir 120′, the junction 180′, and the optional mixing chamber. The infusion pump is configured to initially infuse the mixture at the first rate until the volume of the first fluid is flushed out of the common line 140′. The infusion pump 130′ is configured to monitor volume of the mixture of first and second fluids 112′, 122′ driven at the first rate and subsequently pump the mixture of first and second fluids 112′, 122′ at a combined rate when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value.
The infusion pump 130′ is further configured to change to a primary infusion mode by refraining from drawing the second fluid 122′ from the second reservoir 120′, and by infusing only the first fluid 112′ from the first reservoir 110′ along the first flow path 150′. When the infusion pump 130′ switches to primary infusion mode, the infusion pump 130′ is configured to initially infuse the first fluid 112′ at the combined rate until the volume of the mixture of first and second fluids 112′, 122′ is flushed out of the common line 140′. The infusion pump 130′ is configured to monitor volume of the first fluid 112′ driven at the combined rate and subsequently pump the first fluid 112′ at the first rate when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than a common line flush volume value. The infusion pump 130′ is further configured to determine the common line flush volume value according to any of the methods described herein.
In one embodiment, the junction 180′ can include a two-way valve to manually or automatically switch the infusion pump system 100′ between the first flow path 150′ and the second flow path 160′. In one example, the infusion pump 130′ can be a peristaltic pump. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the infusion pump 130′ can be any type of pump operable to drive fluid through the common line 140′.
The infusion pump 230 includes a memory 233 operable to store programming code; a flow controller 235 operably connected to the memory 233; and a fluid driver 232 operably connected to receive a control signal 231 from the flow controller 235, the fluid driver 232 being operable to drive fluid through the common line 240. The flow controller 235 is operable to execute the programming code and provide the control signal 231 to the fluid driver 232 in response to the programming code. The fluid driver 232 is responsive to the control signal 231 to infuse the first fluid at a first rate along a first flow path 211 including the first reservoir, the junction 280, and the common line 240; receive a common line flush volume value associated with the common line 240; switch from infusing only the first fluid via the first flow path 250 to infusing a combination of the first fluid from the first reservoir and a second fluid from the second reservoir; drive the fluid combination at the first rate; monitor volume of the fluid combination driven at the first rate; and drive the fluid combination at a combined rate when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value. The fluid driver 232 is also responsive to the control signal 231 to infuse the fluid combination at the combined rate; switch to infusing only the first fluid via the first flow path 250; drive the first fluid at the combined rate; monitor the volume of the first fluid driven at the combined rate; and drive the first fluid at the first rate when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than the common line flush volume value. The combined rate may be retrieved from the memory 233 or determined from a first infusion rate associated with the first fluid and a second infusion rate associated with the second fluid. For example, the combined rate may be determined as the sum of the first and second infusion rates.
In an embodiment, the flow controller 235 monitors the volume based on a time elapsed and a rate of delivery. The flow controller 235 can also monitor volume based on measurements, such as number of turns of a motor or signals from a sensor.
The flow controller 235 can include a hardware processor, microprocessor, or the like responsive to the programming code to generate the control signal 231. The fluid driver 232 can include a metered pump, such as a cartridge pump, peristaltic pump, or the like, operable to drive fluid at a desired rate in response to the control signal 231. In one embodiment, the fluid driver 232 can be further responsive to the control signal 231 to increment a displayed first fluid volume by the monitored volume when the fluid combination is driven at the first rate or when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than an internal volume of the common line 240. The fluid driver 232 can be further responsive to the control signal 231 to increment displayed first and second fluid volumes as the first fluid is driven at the combination rate or when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than the internal volume of the common line 240. The first fluid displayed volume and/or the second fluid displayed volume can be displayed on a user interface 236.
The memory 233 can also be operable to store data and other information, such as a drug library 234 (or other database) including the common flush volume value, which can optionally be associated with a particular therapeutic agent, a particular clinical care area, and/or a particular consumable infusion set. Different therapeutic agents may have different fluid properties and thus it may be advantageous in some embodiments to associate particular common flush volume value with particular therapeutic agents. In one embodiment, the infusion pump 230 can receive the common line flush volume value for the common line 240 automatically from the drug library 234. In another embodiment, the infusion pump 230 can receive the common line flush volume value manually via direct entry of the value on a user interface 236. The manual entry can be accomplished using a manufacturer provided volume value based upon the length and internal diameter of the common line 240 or a list number or other identifier that is used to access an associated volume value from a lookup table in the pump memory 233, drug library, stored in a network location, at a server, or MMU. The possibility for manual typographical errors can be reduced by use of a barcode, radio frequency (RFID), optical, touch memory reader, near field communicator, or the like to input or scan a machine readable identifier on the infusion set, common line, or its package to obtain the volume value, the list number or other identifier associated with the volume value.
The infusion pump 230 can include human and/or machine interfaces as desired for a particular application. A user interface 236 operably connected to the flow controller 235 can provide input from and/or output to a caregiver or other user to the infusion pump 230. Exemplary user interfaces can include display screens, soft keys or fixed keys, touchscreen displays, and the like. An I/O interface 237 operably connected to the flow controller 235 can provide input from and/or output to hardware associated with the infusion pump 230. Exemplary I/O interfaces can include a wired and/or wireless interface to an electronic network, medication management unit (MMU), medication management system (MMS), or the like.
The common line flush volume value can be selected as desired for a particular application. The common line 240 includes the line between the junction 280 and the terminal fluid delivery end 240B, and includes any fluid path common to the first flow path 250 and the second flow path 260 and so can include any portion of the infusion pump 230 (including the associated consumable infusion set) through which the first fluid or the second fluid can alternately flow or flow in a combined manner. In one embodiment, the common line flush volume value is equal to the internal volume of the common line 240, so that the second fluid is infused at the second rate along the second flow path as soon as the first fluid has been cleared from the common line 240. In another embodiment, the common line flush volume value is equal to the internal volume of the common line 240 plus an adjustment volume (to take into account the added/subtracted volume of other connectors or components), so that the second fluid is infused at the second rate along the second flow path after the first fluid has been cleared from the common line 240 plus the adjustment volume of the second fluid has been delivered at the first rate. In another embodiment, the common line flush volume value is equal to the internal volume of the common line modified by a percentage, which could provide a desired overage or underage. The adjustment volume can be used as a safety factor to assure that the common line 240 is free of the first fluid before the second fluid is infused at the second rate.
Referring to
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the transition between the two infusion modes can be selected as desired for a particular application. In the example of
Referring to
Concurrent Delivery with Common Line Auto Flush
Referring to
At block 554, a first infusion mode to infuse the first fluid at a first infusion rate begins. The first fluid is infused or driven at a first infusion rate along a first flow path that includes the first reservoir, the junction, the optional mixing chamber, and the common line. The infusion of the first fluid can be controlled by the flow controller 235 based on a control signal to activate the pump or other mechanical system. In some embodiments, the infusion of the first fluid can also be based on a user input or user control of the pump or the mechanical system. During the first infusion mode, the infusion pump drives the first fluid from the first reservoir at the first infusion rate. At block 556, the flow controller 235 can determine to switch from the first infusion mode to a concurrent infusion mode. During an auto flush period, at block 556, the infusion pump drives a mixture or combination of the first fluid and the second fluid toward the common line at the first rate. By driving the combination of the first and second fluids at the first rate, the first fluid remaining in the common line is flushed and delivered to the patient at the same rate as therapeutically required. In some embodiments, during the auto flush period, the infusion pump drives the combination of the first fluid and the second fluid at a combined rate, instead of the first rate. For example, it may be advantageous to use a combined rate to more quickly flush the common line, particularly when the fluid being flushed from the common line is a non-medicinal fluid, such as saline, or other non-medicinal fluid. The combined rate can be determined using any of the methods described herein. For example, the combined rate may be determined as the sum as the first and second rates. The flow controller 235 can use control signals to control the driving of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid and to control the rate of delivery. It also may be desirable to flush the common line of a non-medicinal first fluid such as saline, at a rate even higher than the combined rate to expedite delivery of the second medication. In scenarios where drug library-defined limits are assigned for one or both of the two fluid delivery rates, the pump system may allow overrides of the upper rate limit for one or both of the fluids during the common line flush. For example, the pump system could effectively apply these delivery limits upon delivery to the patient, versus upon delivery from the pump. In another embodiment, the method 550 of
At block 558, the flow controller 235 can monitor volume of the mixture of first and second fluids driven at the first rate. The flow controller 235 can determine when the monitored volume is equal to the common line flush volume value. When it is determined that the monitored volume equals or exceeds the common line flush volume, the method 550 proceeds to block 560, where the flow controller 235 continues driving the mixture of the first and second fluids, but at the combined rate. In some embodiments, the flow controller 235 can measure an amount of time before changing the rate of the mixture fluid delivery to the combined rate. In one embodiment, the flow controller 235 can further include incrementing a first fluid displayed volume and a second fluid displayed volume by a proportion of the monitored volume when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than an internal volume of the common line. The proportion of monitored volume to be incremented for each of the first and second fluids can be equal to the proportion of first and second flow rates associated with the first and second fluids, respectively. For example, if the first flow rate is 10 ml/hr and the second flow rate is 5 ml/hr, the proportions of the monitored value incremented on the first and second volume displays will have a 2:1 ratio. If the monitored volume is 3 ml, then the display of the first fluid value will be increased by 2 ml and the display of the second fluid value will be increased by 1 ml. The flow controller 235 can thus accurately track the rate, time, and an amount of each fluid delivered to the patient. In some embodiments, the flow controller 235 executes only some of the steps described above with respect to
The common line flush volume value can be selected as desired for a particular application. In one embodiment, the common line flush volume value is an internal volume of the common line. In another embodiment, the common line flush volume value is an internal volume of the common line plus or minus an adjustment volume. The adjustment volume can be any volume desired as a safety factor to assure that the common line is free of the first fluid before the second fluid is infused at the second rate.
In one embodiment, the method 550 further includes incrementing a first fluid displayed volume by the monitored volume when driving a mixture of the first and second fluids at the first rate. The first fluid displayed volume is incremented by the monitored volume when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than an internal volume of the common line.
In some embodiments, the method 550 ends after the concurrent infusion at the combined rate ends. However, in other embodiments, the method 550 continues concurrent delivery of the first and second fluids until one of the fluids is depleted or until the desired volume of one of the fluids has been delivered. In such case, for example, when the second fluid reservoir is depleted, the infusion continues according to the method 580 discussed below with respect to
Concurrent Delivery to Infusion Completion with Common Line Auto Flush
At block 582, the method 580 determines a common line flush volume of a common line. Any of the methods described herein may be used to determine the common line flush volume. At block 584, a concurrent infusion occurs, where a fluid combination is driven by an infusion pump at a combined rate. The fluid combination includes a mixture of a first fluid drawn into a junction and/or mixing chamber from a first reservoir and a second fluid drawn into the junction and/or mixing chamber from a second reservoir. As discussed herein, a first infusion rate may be associated with the infusion of the first fluid and a second infusion rate may be associated with the infusion of the second fluid. The ratio of the volumes of first and second fluids drawn into the mixing chamber is equal to the ratio of the ratio of first and second infusion rates. The fluid combination is driven from the junction and/or mixing chamber to the common line at a combined rate, which may be determined according to any of the methods described herein. For example, the combined rate may be determined as the sum of the first and second infusion rates.
At block 586, the method 580 determines whether the second reservoir has been depleted. For example, a sensor can detect whether there is air or air bubbles in the line between the junction and the second reservoir. If the method 580 does not determine that the second reservoir is depleted, the method 580 returns to block 584. If the method 580 determines that the second reservoir has been depleted, the method 580 proceeds to block 588. The method 580 may also optionally cause the infusion pump to at least partially back-prime the line between the junction and the second reservoir. For example, the infusion pump may pump some fluid from the first reservoir to force fluid into the line between the junction and the second reservoir in order to remove air from the line (or at least the portion of the line near the junction).
In a modified version of method 580, at block 586 the method 580 instead determines whether a desired or programmed volume of the second fluid has been delivered. For example, if the infusion pump was programmed to delivery only 100 ml of the second fluid during concurrent delivery mode, the method 580 would determine whether 100 ml of the second fluid had been delivered. In another embodiment, the method 580, determines whether a desired volume of second fluid has been delivered by receiving a command to stop an infusion of the second fluid. When a user provides an input to stop the infusion, the method 580 determines that the desired volume of second fluid has been delivered. If so, the method 580 continues to block 588. If not, the method 580 returns to block 584.
At block 588, the method 580 stops drawing fluid from the second reservoir, and instead only draws fluid from the first reservoir. The method 580 drives the first fluid to the common line at the combined rate in order to auto flush or clear the volume of the common line of the fluid combination remaining in the common line. In the case when there is a drug-library defined limit on the first fluid, the pump system may need to allow an override of this limit in order to support pumping of the first fluid at the combined rate. In other words, drug library-defined delivery limits for the first fluid would apply at the patient, versus at the pump.
At block 590, the method 580 monitors the volume of first fluid driven at the combined rate and determine when the monitored volume equals or exceeds the common line flush volume. If the monitored volume is not equal to the common line flush volume, the method 580 returns to block 588. If the monitored volume is equal to or exceeds the common line flush volume, the method 580 proceeds to block 592.
At block 592, the method 580 continues to draw the first fluid from the first reservoir, but at the first rate. In some embodiments, the method 580 can measure an amount of time before changing the rate of the first fluid delivery to the first rate. In one embodiment, the method 580 can further include incrementing a first fluid displayed volume and a second fluid displayed volume by a proportion of the monitored volume when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than an internal volume of the common line. The proportion of monitored volume to be incremented for each of the first and second fluids can be equal to the proportion of first and second flow rates associated with the first and second fluids, respectively. For example, if the first flow rate is 10 ml/hr and the second flow rate is 5 ml/hr, the proportions of the monitored value incremented on the first and second volume displays will have a 2:1 ratio. If the monitored volume is 3 ml, then the display of the first fluid value will be increased by 2 ml and the display of the second fluid value will be increased by 1 ml. The method 580 can thus accurately track the rate, time, and an amount of each fluid delivered to the patient. In some embodiments, the method 580 executes only some of the steps described above with respect to
Sequential Delivery to Reservoir Depletion with Common Line Auto Flush
At block 583, the method 581 determines a common line flush volume of a common line. Any of the methods described herein may be used to determine the common line flush volume. At block 585, a primary infusion occurs, where a first fluid is driven by an infusion pump at a first infusion rate. The first fluid is drawn into a junction and/or mixing chamber from a first reservoir. The first infusion rate may be associated with the infusion of the first fluid and a second infusion rate may be associated with an infusion of the second fluid. The first fluid is driven from the junction and/or mixing chamber to the common line at the first infusion rate.
At block 587, the method 581 determines whether to pause the first infusion and initiate a “piggyback” infusion, or infusion of a second fluid at a second rate. If the method 581 determines that the second fluid program should be initiated, the method 581 proceeds to block 589. If not, the method 581 returns to block 585.
At block 589, the method 581 stops drawing fluid from the first reservoir (pauses the primary infusion), and instead only draws fluid from the second reservoir. The method 581 drives the second fluid to the common line at the first infusion rate in order to auto flush or clear the volume of the common line of the first fluid remaining in the common line. If the drug library includes limits on the delivery of fluid 2, these limits may need to be allowed to be overridden during the common line flush period defined by block 589. For example, if fluid 1 was programmed at a rate below the lower limit allowed for fluid 2, or if fluid 1 was programmed at a rate above the upper limit allowed for fluid 2, an override of such a limit would be allowed during the common line flush.
At block 591, the method 581 monitors the volume of second fluid driven at the first infusion rate and determines when the monitored volume equals or exceeds the common line flush volume. If the monitored volume is not equal to the common line flush volume, the method 581 returns to block 589. If the monitored volume is equal to or exceeds the common line flush volume, the method 581 proceeds to block 593.
At block 593, the method 581 continues to draw the second fluid from the second reservoir, but at the second infusion rate. In some embodiments, the method 581 can measure an amount of time before changing the rate of the first fluid delivery to the second infusion rate. In one embodiment, the method 581 can further include incrementing a first fluid displayed volume by the monitored volume when the monitored volume is equal to or greater than an internal volume of the common line. The method 581 can thus accurately track the rate, time, and an amount of each fluid delivered to the patient. In some embodiments, the method 581 executes only some of the steps described above with respect to
The method 581 may also optionally cause the infusion pump to at least partially back-prime the line between the junction and the second reservoir after air is recognized at the depletion of the second fluid reservoir. For example, the infusion pump may pump some fluid from the first reservoir to force fluid into the line between the junction and the second reservoir in order to remove air from the line (or at least the portion of the line near the junction).
Intermittent Concurrent Delivery
For example, if a common line volume will take 10 minutes to flush at the primary (first) infusion rate, then the concurrent infusion will initiate an auto flush process (infusing a mixture of first and second fluids at the first infusion rate to flush the first fluid out of the common line tubing) 10 minutes before the desired secondary infusion start time (e.g., 10 minutes before the second fluid is to enter the patient).
At block 602, the method 600 determines a common line flush volume. However, the method may skip block 602 if the common line flush volume has already been determined. At block 604, the method 600 determines one or more second fluid infusion start times. For example, the method 600 may receive or download schedule information corresponding to desired start times to infuse a second fluid into a patient. The schedule information may define specific times during the day (e.g., 8 am, noon, 4 pm, 8 pm, etc.), it may define a number of infusions per day (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 6 infusions per day, etc.), or it may define an interval between second fluid infusions (e.g., one bag of second fluid every 4 hours, etc.). The schedule information may be used to determine one or more second fluid infusion start times.
At block 606, the method 600 determines a flush time period based on the first fluid infusion rate (or first fluid flush rate if a faster flush rate is desired for the particular, e.g., non-medicinal, first fluid) and the common line flush volume. For example, the flush time period may be determined by dividing the common line flush volume by the first fluid infusion rate (or first fluid flush rate). The flush time period represents the amount of time it will take to flush remaining fluid from the common line between the junction (or mixing chamber) and the common line distal end when fluid is driven at the first (or first fluid flush) rate.
At block 608, the method 600 determines second fluid drive start times, which correspond to the actual times that the infusion pump will begin to draw first fluid from a first reservoir and second fluid from a second reservoir, and drive the mixture of first and second fluids to the common line at the first (or first fluid flush) rate. In one embodiment, the method 600 may determine the second fluid drive start times by subtracting the flush time period from each of the second fluid infusion start times. For example, if the flush time period is determined to be 20 minutes and the second fluid infusion start times are 8:00 am, 2:00 pm, and 8:00 pm, then the second fluid drive start times may be determined as 7:40 am, 1:40 pm, and 7:40 pm. By initiating an auto flush concurrent infusion at the second fluid drive start times, a mixture of the second fluid and the first fluid will reach the patient and will be infused into the patient (e.g., enter the patient's body) at the second fluid infusion start times. At block 610, the method causes the infusion pump to initiate such auto flush concurrent infusions at the second fluid drive start times.
Referring to
The infusion pump system can subsequently switch back to infusing only the first fluid (for example, after a predetermined time period, after a predetermined volume of combined first and second fluids are infused, after a predetermined volume of the second fluid is infused, or after the infusion pump determines that the second reservoir has been depleted of the second fluid, etc.). Referring to
While the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are presently considered to be preferred, various changes, rearrangement of steps, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is indicated in the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3401337 | Beusman et al. | Sep 1968 | A |
| 3484681 | Grady, Jr. et al. | Dec 1969 | A |
| 3699320 | Zimmerman et al. | Oct 1972 | A |
| 3727074 | Keller et al. | Apr 1973 | A |
| 3731679 | Wilhelmson et al. | May 1973 | A |
| 3768084 | Haynes | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3770354 | Tsuruta et al. | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3778702 | Finger | Dec 1973 | A |
| 3806821 | Niemeyer et al. | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3838565 | Carlyle | Oct 1974 | A |
| 3854038 | McKinley | Dec 1974 | A |
| 3886459 | Hufford et al. | May 1975 | A |
| 3890554 | Yoshitake et al. | Jun 1975 | A |
| 3894431 | Muston et al. | Jul 1975 | A |
| 3898637 | Wolstenholme | Aug 1975 | A |
| 3901231 | Olson | Aug 1975 | A |
| 3909693 | Yoshitake et al. | Sep 1975 | A |
| 3910701 | Henderson | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3911343 | Oster | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3919608 | Usami et al. | Nov 1975 | A |
| 3921622 | Cole | Nov 1975 | A |
| 3930404 | Ryden, Jr. | Jan 1976 | A |
| 3933431 | Trujillo et al. | Jan 1976 | A |
| 3935876 | Massie et al. | Feb 1976 | A |
| 3944963 | Hively | Mar 1976 | A |
| 3966358 | Heimes et al. | Jun 1976 | A |
| 3971980 | Jungfer et al. | Jul 1976 | A |
| 3974681 | Namery | Aug 1976 | A |
| 3974683 | Martin | Aug 1976 | A |
| 3985467 | Lefferson | Oct 1976 | A |
| 3990444 | Vial | Nov 1976 | A |
| 3997888 | Kremer | Dec 1976 | A |
| 4005724 | Courtot | Feb 1977 | A |
| 4014206 | Taylor | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4038982 | Burke | Aug 1977 | A |
| 4039269 | Pickering | Aug 1977 | A |
| 4048474 | Olesen | Sep 1977 | A |
| 4049954 | Da Costa Vieira et al. | Sep 1977 | A |
| 4055175 | Clemens et al. | Oct 1977 | A |
| 4068521 | Cosentino et al. | Jan 1978 | A |
| 4078562 | Friedman | Mar 1978 | A |
| 4089227 | Falgari et al. | May 1978 | A |
| 4094318 | Burke | Jun 1978 | A |
| 4105028 | Sadlier et al. | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4114144 | Hyman | Sep 1978 | A |
| 4151845 | Clemens | May 1979 | A |
| 4155362 | Jess | May 1979 | A |
| 4173224 | Marx | Nov 1979 | A |
| 4181610 | Shintani et al. | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4183244 | Kohno et al. | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4195515 | Smoll | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4210138 | Jess et al. | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4213454 | Shim | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4217993 | Jess et al. | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4240294 | Grande | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4240438 | Updike et al. | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4244365 | McGill | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4256437 | Brown | Mar 1981 | A |
| 4261356 | Turner et al. | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4264861 | Radu et al. | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4265240 | Jenkins | May 1981 | A |
| 4270532 | Franetzki et al. | Jun 1981 | A |
| 4277226 | Archibald et al. | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4278085 | Shim | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4280495 | Lampert | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4282872 | Franetzki et al. | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4286202 | Clancy et al. | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4290346 | Bujan | Sep 1981 | A |
| 4291692 | Bowman et al. | Sep 1981 | A |
| 4292405 | Mascoli | Sep 1981 | A |
| 4298357 | Permic | Nov 1981 | A |
| 4308866 | Jeliffe | Jan 1982 | A |
| 4312341 | Zissimopoulos | Jan 1982 | A |
| 4319568 | Tregoning | Mar 1982 | A |
| 4322201 | Archibald | Mar 1982 | A |
| 4323849 | Smith | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4324662 | Schnell | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4328800 | Marx | May 1982 | A |
| 4328801 | Marx | May 1982 | A |
| 4333045 | Oltendorf | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4343316 | Jespersen | Aug 1982 | A |
| 4344429 | Gupton et al. | Aug 1982 | A |
| 4346707 | Whitney et al. | Aug 1982 | A |
| 4360019 | Portner et al. | Nov 1982 | A |
| 4366384 | Jensen | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4367736 | Gupton | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4370983 | Lichtenstein et al. | Feb 1983 | A |
| 4373527 | Fischell | Feb 1983 | A |
| 4379452 | DeVries | Apr 1983 | A |
| 4381005 | Bujan | Apr 1983 | A |
| 4384578 | Winkler | May 1983 | A |
| 4385247 | Satomi | May 1983 | A |
| 4391598 | Thompson | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4392849 | Petre et al. | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4394862 | Shim | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4395259 | Prestele et al. | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4397194 | Soltz | Aug 1983 | A |
| 4399362 | Cormier et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
| 4407659 | Adam | Oct 1983 | A |
| 4411651 | Schulman | Oct 1983 | A |
| 4418565 | St John | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4432699 | Beckman et al. | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4432761 | Dawe | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4432762 | Dawe | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4443218 | Decant, Jr. et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4444546 | Pazemenas | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4447191 | Bilstad et al. | May 1984 | A |
| 4447224 | Decant, Jr. et al. | May 1984 | A |
| 4453931 | Pastrone | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4457751 | Rodler | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4463301 | Moriguchi et al. | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4464170 | Clemens | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4467654 | Murakami et al. | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4468222 | Lundquist | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4468601 | Chamran et al. | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4469481 | Kobayashi | Sep 1984 | A |
| 4475666 | Bilbrey et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4475901 | Kraegen et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4477756 | Moriguchi | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4479760 | Bilstad et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4480218 | Hair | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4480483 | McShane | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4483202 | Ogua et al. | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4487601 | Lindemann | Dec 1984 | A |
| 4492909 | Hartwig | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4496346 | Mosteller | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4498843 | Schneider et al. | Feb 1985 | A |
| 4501531 | Bilstad et al. | Feb 1985 | A |
| 4504263 | Steuer | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4507112 | Hillel | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4510266 | Eertink | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4515584 | Abe et al. | May 1985 | A |
| 4519792 | Dawe | May 1985 | A |
| 4521212 | Ruschke | Jun 1985 | A |
| 4525163 | Slavik et al. | Jun 1985 | A |
| 4526568 | Clemens et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4526574 | Pekkarinen | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4529401 | Leslie et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4533350 | Danby et al. | Aug 1985 | A |
| 4543955 | Schroeppel | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4551134 | Slavik et al. | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4553958 | LeCocq | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4559036 | Wunsch | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4559037 | Franetzki et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4559044 | Robinson | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4559454 | Kramer | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4565500 | Jeensalute et al. | Jan 1986 | A |
| 4583981 | Urquhart et al. | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4587473 | Turvey | May 1986 | A |
| 4607520 | Dam | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4617014 | Cannon et al. | Oct 1986 | A |
| 4624661 | Arimond | Nov 1986 | A |
| 4627835 | Fenton, Jr. | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4633878 | Bombardieri | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4634426 | Kamen | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4634427 | Hannula et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4636144 | Abe et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4637813 | DeVries | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4645489 | Krumme | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4648869 | Bobo, Jr. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4652260 | Fenton, Jr. et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4658244 | Meijer | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4668216 | Martin | May 1987 | A |
| 4668945 | Aldrovandi et al. | May 1987 | A |
| 4673334 | Allington et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4673389 | Archibald et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4676776 | Howson et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4677359 | Enami et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4678979 | Hori | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4678998 | Muramatsu | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4679562 | Luksha | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4683428 | Gete | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4685903 | Cable et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4690673 | Blomquist | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4691153 | Nishimura | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4692145 | Weyant | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4696671 | Epstein et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4697129 | Enami et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4702675 | Aldrovandi et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4705506 | Archibald et al. | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4710106 | Iwata et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4714462 | DiDomenico | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4714463 | Archibald et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4718576 | Tamura et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4720636 | Benner | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4722224 | Scheller et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4722734 | Kolin | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4731051 | Fischell | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4731057 | Tanaka et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4737711 | O'Hare | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4739346 | Buckley | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4741732 | Crankshaw et al. | May 1988 | A |
| 4741736 | Brown | May 1988 | A |
| 4748857 | Nakagawa | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4751445 | Sakai | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4756706 | Kerns et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
| 4758228 | Williams | Jul 1988 | A |
| 4763525 | Cobb | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4764166 | Spani et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4764697 | Christiaens | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4769001 | Prince | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4776842 | Franetzki et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4781687 | Wall | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4784576 | Bloom et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4785184 | Bien et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4785799 | Schoon et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4785969 | McLaughlin | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4786800 | Kamen | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4789014 | DiGianfilippo | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4797655 | Orndal et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4803389 | Ogawa et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4803625 | Fu et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4818186 | Pastrone et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4820281 | Lawler | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4821558 | Pastrone et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4828545 | Epstein et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4828693 | Lindsay | May 1989 | A |
| 4829448 | Balding et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4838856 | Mulreany et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4838857 | Strowe et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4840542 | Abbott | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4842584 | Pastrone et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4845487 | Frantz et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4846792 | Bobo et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4850805 | Madsen et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4851755 | Fincher | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4854324 | Hirschman et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4856339 | Williams | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4857048 | Simons et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4857050 | Lentz et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4858154 | Anderson et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4863425 | Slate et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4865584 | Epstein et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4869722 | Heyman | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4874359 | White et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4881413 | Georgi et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4882575 | Kawahara | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4884013 | Jackson et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4884065 | Crouse et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4886422 | Takeuchi et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4898576 | Philip | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4898578 | Rubalcaba, Jr. | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4906103 | Kao | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4908017 | Howson et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4908019 | Urquhart | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4910475 | Lin | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4919595 | Likuski et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4919596 | Slate et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4925444 | Orkin, I | May 1990 | A |
| 4927411 | Pastrone et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 4930358 | Motegi et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4936820 | Dennehey | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4936828 | Chiang | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4938079 | Goldberg | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4943279 | Samiotes et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4946439 | Eggers | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4947856 | Beard | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4950235 | Slate et al. | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4950244 | Fellingham | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4959050 | Bobo, Jr. | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4966579 | Polaschegg | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4968941 | Rogers | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4972842 | Korten et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4976687 | Martin | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4978335 | Arthur, III | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4979940 | Lapp et al. | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4981467 | Bobo et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
| 5000663 | Gorton | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5000739 | Kulisz et al. | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5006050 | Cooke et al. | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5010473 | Jacobs | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5014714 | Millay et al. | May 1991 | A |
| 5014798 | Glynn | May 1991 | A |
| 5018945 | D'Silva | May 1991 | A |
| 5026348 | Venegas | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5028857 | Taghezout | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5032112 | Fairchild et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5034004 | Crankshaw | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5035143 | Latimer et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5041086 | Koenig et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5043706 | Oliver | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5045069 | Imparato | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5049047 | Polaschegg et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5052230 | Lang | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5053747 | Slate et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5055761 | Mills | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5056992 | Simons | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5058161 | Weiss | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5059171 | Bridge | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5063603 | Burt | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5064412 | Henke et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5078683 | Sancoff et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5084663 | Olsson | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5084828 | Kaufman et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5088981 | Howson et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5096385 | Georgi et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5097505 | Weiss | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5100380 | Epstein et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5102392 | Sakai et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5103211 | Daoud et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5104374 | Bishko et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5108367 | Epstein et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5109850 | Blanco et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5116203 | Nartwick et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5116312 | Blakenship et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5116316 | Sertic | May 1992 | A |
| 5123275 | Daoud et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5124627 | Okada | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5125499 | Saathoff et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5131816 | Brown | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5132603 | Yoshimoto | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5153827 | Coutre et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5158441 | Aid | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5161222 | Montejo et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5174472 | Raque et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5176631 | Koenig | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5176646 | Kuroda | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5179340 | Rogers | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5180287 | Natwick et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5181910 | Scanlon | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5186057 | Everhart | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5188603 | Vaillancourt | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5190522 | Wocicki et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5191795 | Fellingham et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5192340 | Grant et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5194796 | Domeki et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5198776 | Carr | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5200090 | Ford | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5205819 | Ross et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5206522 | Danby et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5207642 | Orkin et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5211626 | Frank et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5213573 | Sorich et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5215450 | Tamari | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5216597 | Beckers | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5219099 | Spence et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5219327 | Okada | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5221268 | Barton et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5229713 | Bullock et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5232476 | Grant | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5233571 | Wirtschafter | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5237309 | Frantz et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5242406 | Gross et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5242408 | Jhuboo et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5243982 | Möstl et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5244463 | Cordner, Jr. et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5244568 | Lindsay et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5254096 | Rondelet et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5256155 | Yerlikaya et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5256156 | Kern et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5256157 | Samiotes et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5260665 | Goldberg | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5257206 | Hanson | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5267980 | Dirr et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5274316 | Evans et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5276610 | Maeda et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5280728 | Sato et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5283510 | Tamaki et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5287851 | Beran et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5292306 | Wynkoop et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5295967 | Rondelet et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5298021 | Sherer | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5303585 | Lichte | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5304126 | Epstein | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5304216 | Wallace | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5308333 | Skakoon | May 1994 | A |
| 5317506 | Coutre et al. | May 1994 | A |
| 5319363 | Welch et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5319979 | Abrahamson | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5321392 | Skakoon et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5325170 | Bornhop | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5325728 | Zimmerman et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5328460 | Lord et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5330634 | Wong et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5333497 | Braend et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5336051 | Tamari | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5338157 | Blomquist | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5342298 | Michaels | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5343734 | Maeda et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5343885 | Grant | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5346466 | Yerlikaya et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5356378 | Doan et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5359271 | Husher | Oct 1994 | A |
| D352778 | Irvin et al. | Nov 1994 | S |
| 5364346 | Schrezenmeir | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5366346 | Danby | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5368562 | Blomquist et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5374865 | Yoshimura et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5376070 | Purvis et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5378231 | Johnson et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5382232 | Hague et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5383369 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5389071 | Kawahara et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5389078 | Zalesky et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5392638 | Kawahara | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5394732 | Johnson et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5395320 | Padda et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5399171 | Bowman et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5406954 | Tomita | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5408326 | Priestley | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5415528 | Ogden et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5417119 | Smoll | May 1995 | A |
| 5417222 | Dempsey et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5417395 | Fowler et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5418443 | Kikuchi | May 1995 | A |
| 5421208 | Packard et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5423748 | Uhala | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5423749 | Merte | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5423759 | Campbell | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5428284 | Kaneda et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5429485 | Dodge | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5429601 | Conley | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5429602 | Hauser | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5431627 | Pastrone et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5434508 | Ishida | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5437624 | Langley et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5444316 | Ohya et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5444378 | Rogers | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5445621 | Poli et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5450758 | Smoll | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5451881 | Finger | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5455423 | Mount et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5455851 | Chaco et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463906 | Spani et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5464392 | Epstein et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5465082 | Chaco | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5469851 | Lipschutz | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5473948 | Moss et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5480294 | Di Perna et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5482438 | Anderson et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5485408 | Blomquist | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5486286 | Peterson et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5489265 | Montalvo et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5495566 | Kwatinetz | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5496273 | Pastrone et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5505696 | Miki | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5505828 | Wong et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5507288 | Bocker et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5507412 | Ebert et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5520637 | Pager et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5522798 | Johnson et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5522799 | Furukawa | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5527630 | Nagata | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5533389 | Kamen et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5537853 | Finburgh et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5542040 | Chang et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5545140 | Conero et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5547470 | Johnson et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5551850 | Williamson et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5554013 | Owens et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5554115 | Thomas et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5558638 | Evers et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5562615 | Nassif | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5563486 | Yamamoto et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5572105 | Nojima et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5573502 | LeCocq et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5583280 | Mo et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584667 | Davis | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584806 | Amano | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5586868 | Lawless et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5590653 | Aida et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5594786 | Chaco et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5600073 | Hill | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5601420 | Warner et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5609575 | Larson et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5609576 | Voss | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5611784 | Barresi et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5616124 | Hague et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5620312 | Hyman et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5620608 | Rosa et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5626140 | Feldman et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5626151 | Linden | May 1997 | A |
| 5626563 | Dodge et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5627443 | Kimura et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5628309 | Brown | May 1997 | A |
| 5628731 | Dodge et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5630710 | Tune et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5634896 | Bryant et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5637095 | Nason et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5640075 | Brasseur et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5640150 | Atwater | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5643212 | Coutre et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5648710 | Ikeda | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5649536 | Ogura et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5651775 | Walker et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5657000 | Ellingboe | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5658133 | Anderson et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5658250 | Blomquist et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5659234 | Cresens | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5661245 | Svoboda et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5662612 | Niehoff | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5665065 | Colman et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669877 | Blomquist | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5672154 | Sillén et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5672832 | Cucci et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5681285 | Ford et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5681286 | Niehoff | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5685844 | Marttila | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5687717 | Halpern et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5689229 | Chaco et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5691613 | Gutwillinger | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5695464 | Viallet | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5695473 | Olsen | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5697899 | Hillman et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5697916 | Schraga | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5712795 | Layman et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5713856 | Eggers et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5714691 | Hill | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5718562 | Lawless et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5718569 | Holst | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5720721 | Dumas et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5722417 | Rudolph | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5728074 | Castellano et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5728948 | Bignell et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5733257 | Stemby | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5733259 | Valcke et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5738659 | Neer et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5743856 | Oka et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5744027 | Connell et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5744929 | Miyazaki | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745378 | Barker et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5752813 | Tyner et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5752918 | Fowler et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5752919 | Schrimpf | May 1998 | A |
| 5755691 | Hilborne | May 1998 | A |
| 5758643 | Wong et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5761072 | Bardsley, Jr. et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5764034 | Bowman et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5766155 | Hyman et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5772635 | Dastur et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5778256 | Darbee | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5781442 | Engleson et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5782805 | Meinzer et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5788669 | Peterson | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5788674 | McWilliams | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5789923 | Shimoyama et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5792069 | Greenwald et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5793211 | Shimoyama et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5795327 | Wilson et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5798934 | Saigo et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5800387 | Duffy et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5803712 | Davis et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5803917 | Butterfield | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805455 | Lipps | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5807322 | Lindsey et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5810770 | Chin et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5813972 | Nazarian et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5814004 | Tamari | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5814015 | Gargano et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5816779 | Lawless et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5822715 | Worthington et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5827179 | Lichter et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5827223 | Butterfield | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5832448 | Brown | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836910 | Duffy et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841261 | Nojima et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841284 | Takahashi | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5843035 | Bowman | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5848971 | Fowler et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850344 | Conkright | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5857843 | Leason et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864330 | Haynes | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5865805 | Ziemba | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5867821 | Ballantyne et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5871465 | Vasko | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5872453 | Shimoyama et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5875195 | Dixon | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5882300 | Malinouskas et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5882339 | Beiser et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5885245 | Lynch et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5889379 | Yanagi et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5891051 | Han et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5894209 | Takagi et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5897493 | Brown | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5897498 | Canfield, II et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5898292 | Takemoto et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5899665 | Makino et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5901150 | Jhuboo et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5904666 | DeDecker et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5904668 | Hyman et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5905207 | Schalk | May 1999 | A |
| 5906598 | Giesier | May 1999 | A |
| 5910252 | Truitt et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5915240 | Karpf | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5920263 | Huttenhoff et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5923159 | Ezell | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5924074 | Evans | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5927349 | Martucci | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5932119 | Kaplan et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5932987 | McLoughlin | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5935099 | Peterson et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5935106 | Olsen | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5938634 | Packard | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5938636 | Kramer et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5941846 | Duffy et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5944660 | Kimball et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5947911 | Wong et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5954527 | Jhuboo et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5954696 | Ryan et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956023 | Lyle et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956501 | Brown | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5957885 | Bollish et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5957890 | Mann et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5971594 | Sahai et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5973497 | Bergk et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5975081 | Hood et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5989222 | Cole et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5990838 | Burns et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5991525 | Shah et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5993393 | Ryan et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5994876 | Canny et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5997476 | Brown | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6000828 | Leet | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6003006 | Colella et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6003388 | Oeftering | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6012034 | Hamparian et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6017318 | Gauthier et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6017493 | Cambron | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6021392 | Lester et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023977 | Langdon et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024539 | Blomquist | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6027441 | Cantu | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6028412 | Shine | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6032676 | Moore | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6033561 | Schoendorfer | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6036017 | Bayliss, IV | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6068612 | Bowman | May 2000 | A |
| 6068615 | Brown et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6073106 | Rozen et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6077246 | Kullas et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6083206 | Molko | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6089104 | Chang | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6104295 | Gaisser et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110152 | Kovelman | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110153 | Davis | Aug 2000 | A |
| RE36871 | Epstein et al. | Sep 2000 | E |
| 6120459 | Nitzan et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122536 | Sun et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6142008 | Cole et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6150942 | O'Brien | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6157914 | Seto et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6158288 | Smith | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6158965 | Butterfield et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6159147 | Lichter et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6159186 | Wickham et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6164921 | Moubayed et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6168561 | Cantu | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6178827 | Feller | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6182667 | Hanks et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6186141 | Pike et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6189105 | Lopes | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6192752 | Blaine | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6195589 | Ketcham | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6202711 | Martucci | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6203528 | Deckert | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208107 | Maske et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6212936 | Meisberger | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6213972 | Butterfield | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6231320 | Lawless et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6234176 | Domae et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6236326 | Murphy et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237398 | Porat et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6241704 | Peterson et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6248067 | Causey, III et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6250132 | Drzewiecki | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6259355 | Chaco et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6259587 | Sheldon et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6261065 | Nayak | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6262946 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6267559 | Mossman et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6267725 | Dubberstein et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6269340 | Ford et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6270455 | Brown | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6271813 | Palalau | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6277072 | Bardy | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6277099 | Strowe et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6280380 | Bardy | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6280391 | Olson et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6280408 | Sipin | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6283761 | Joao | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6285155 | Maske et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6312378 | Bardy | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6322516 | Masuda et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6330351 | Yasunaga | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6337675 | Toffolo et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6345539 | Rawes et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6347553 | Morris et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6349740 | Cho et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6358225 | Butterfield | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6358387 | Kopf-Sill et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6362591 | Moberg | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6385505 | Lipps | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6386050 | Yin et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6394958 | Bratteli et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6396583 | Clare | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6398760 | Danby | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6405076 | Taylor et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6408679 | Kline-Schoder et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6413238 | Maget | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6416291 | Butterfield et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6418334 | Unger et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6418535 | Kulakowski et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6445053 | Cho | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6456245 | Crawford | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6457346 | Kline-Schoder et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6463785 | Kline-Schoder et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6467331 | Kline-Schoder et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6468242 | Wilson et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6475178 | Krajewski | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6481980 | Vandlik | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6482158 | Mault | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6482185 | Hartmann | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6485263 | Bryant et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6485418 | Yasushi et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6485465 | Moberg et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6487916 | Gomm et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6489896 | Platt | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6494694 | Lawless et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6494831 | Koritzinsky | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6497680 | Holst et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6503221 | Briggs | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6512944 | Kovtun et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6516667 | Broad et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6517482 | Eiden et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6519569 | White et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6529751 | Van Driel et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6531708 | Malmstrom | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6539315 | Adams et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6540672 | Simonsen et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6544212 | Galley et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6544228 | Heitmeier | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6558125 | Futterknecht | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6558351 | Steil et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6562012 | Brown et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6564825 | Lowery et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6565509 | Say et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6568416 | Tucker et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6572542 | Houben et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6572545 | Knobbe et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6572576 | Brugger et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6578422 | Lam et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6578435 | Gould et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6581117 | Klein et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| RE38189 | Walker et al. | Jul 2003 | E |
| 6585675 | O'Mahony et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6589229 | Connelly et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6589792 | Malachowski | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599281 | Struys et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599282 | Burko | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6602191 | Quy | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6605072 | Struys et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6606047 | Börjesson et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6609047 | Lipps | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6615674 | Ohnishi | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6616633 | Butterfield et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6617564 | Ockerse et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6618916 | Eberle et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6622542 | Derek | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6622561 | Lam et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| D481121 | Evans | Oct 2003 | S |
| 6629449 | Kline-Schoder et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6634233 | He | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6640246 | Gardy, Jr. et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6641533 | Causey, III et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6641541 | Lovett et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6648861 | Platt et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6652455 | Kocher | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6653937 | Nelson et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6659980 | Moberg et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| D485356 | Evans | Jan 2004 | S |
| 6685668 | Cho et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6685678 | Evans et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6689069 | Bratteli et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6689091 | Bui et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6692241 | Watanabe et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6716004 | Vandlik | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6719535 | Rakestraw et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6721582 | Trepagnier et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6722211 | Ciobanu et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6725200 | Rost | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6725721 | Venczel | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6731989 | Engleson et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6732595 | Lynnworth | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6738052 | Manke et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6740072 | Starkweather et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6741212 | Kralovec et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6748808 | Lam et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6749403 | Bryant et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6752787 | Causey, III et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6753842 | Williams et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6759007 | Westberg | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6760643 | Lipps | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6768920 | Lange | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6773412 | O'Mahony | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6780156 | Haueter et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6783328 | Lucke et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6785573 | Kovtun et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6786885 | Hochman et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6789426 | Yaralioglu et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6790198 | White et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6793625 | Cavallaro et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6801227 | Bocionek et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6805671 | Stergiopoulos et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6807965 | Hickle | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6809653 | Mann et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6813964 | Clark et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6814547 | Childers | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6824528 | Faries | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6830558 | Flaherty et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6840113 | Fukumura et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6846161 | Kline | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6852094 | Beck | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6852104 | Blomquist | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6854338 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6857318 | Silber et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6869425 | Briggs et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6873268 | Lebel et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6883376 | He | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6885881 | Leonhardt | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6887216 | Hochman et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6898301 | Iwanaga | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6907361 | Molenaar | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6907792 | Ohnishi | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6915170 | Engleson et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6920795 | Bischoff et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6923763 | Kovatchev et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6928338 | Buchser et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6929619 | Fago et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6929751 | Bowman | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6932114 | Sparks | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6932796 | Sage et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6935192 | Sobek et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6936029 | Mann et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6941005 | Lary et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6942636 | Holst et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6945954 | Hochman et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6958705 | Lebel et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6964204 | Clark et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6973374 | Ader | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6974437 | Lebel | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6975922 | Duncan et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6978779 | Haveri et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6979326 | Mann et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6981960 | Cho et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6984218 | Nayak et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6985768 | Hemming et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6985870 | Martucci et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6986347 | Hickle | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6986753 | Bui | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6997905 | Gillespie, Jr. et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 6997920 | Mann et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7006005 | Nazarian et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7017623 | Tribble et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7021148 | Kuhn | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7025743 | Mann et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7029455 | Flaherty | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7029456 | Ware et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7059184 | Kanouda et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7060059 | Keith et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7069793 | Ishikawa et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7072725 | Bristol et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7074209 | Evans et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7080557 | Adnan | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7082843 | Clark et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7087444 | Wong et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7092796 | Vanderveen | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7092797 | Gaines et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7093502 | Kupnik et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7096729 | Repko et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7103419 | Engleson et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7104763 | Bouton et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7104769 | Davis | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7108680 | Rohr et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7109878 | Mann et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7115113 | Evans et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7117041 | Engleson et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7137964 | Flaherty | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7141037 | Butterfield et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7152490 | Freund, Jr. et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7154397 | Zerhusen et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7161488 | Frasch | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7162290 | Levin | Jan 2007 | B1 |
| 7162927 | Selvan et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
| 7171277 | Engleson et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7174789 | Orr et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7185288 | McKeever | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7197943 | Lee et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7201734 | Hickle | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7204823 | Estes et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7206715 | Vanderveen | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7213009 | Pestotnik | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7220240 | Struys et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7229430 | Hickle et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7230529 | Ketcherside | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7232430 | Carlisle | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7238164 | Childers et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7247154 | Hickle | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7253779 | Greer et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7254425 | Lowery et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7258534 | Fathallah et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7267664 | Rizzo | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7267665 | Steil et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7272529 | Hogan et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7278983 | Ireland et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7291123 | Baraldi et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7293461 | Gimdt | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7294109 | Lovett et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7296482 | Schaffer et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7300418 | Zaleski | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7305883 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7327273 | Hung et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7338470 | Katz | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7347836 | Peterson et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7347854 | Shelton et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7354420 | Steil et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7356382 | Vanderveen | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7360999 | Nelson et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7364562 | Braig et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7367942 | Grage et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7369948 | Ferenczi et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
| 7384410 | Eggers et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7397166 | Morgan et al. | Jul 2008 | B1 |
| 7398183 | Holland et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7399277 | Saidara et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7402153 | Steil et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7402154 | Mendez | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7407489 | Mendez | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7414534 | Kroll et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7415895 | Kurisaki et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7426443 | Simon | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7430675 | Lee et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7447566 | Knauper et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7447643 | Olson | Nov 2008 | B1 |
| 7452190 | Bouton et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7454314 | Holland et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7471994 | Ford et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7482818 | Greenwald et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483756 | Engleson et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7490021 | Holland et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7491187 | Van Den Berghe et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7503903 | Carlisle et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7517332 | Tonelli et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7523401 | Aldridge | Apr 2009 | B1 |
| 7545075 | Huang et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7556616 | Fathallah et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7561986 | Vanderveen et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7571024 | Duncan et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7605730 | Tomioka et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7645258 | White et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7654127 | Krulevitch et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7657443 | Crass | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7668731 | Martucci et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7678048 | Urbano et al. | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| 7693697 | Westenskow et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7699806 | Ware et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7705727 | Pestotnik | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7766873 | Moberg et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7775126 | Eckhardt | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7775127 | Wade | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785284 | Baralsi et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785313 | Mastrototaro | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7786909 | Udupa et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7806886 | Kanderian, Jr. et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7826981 | Goode, Jr. et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7847276 | Carlisle | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7860583 | Condurso et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7871394 | Halbert et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7876443 | Bernacki | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7895053 | Holland et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7895882 | Carlisle | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7896834 | Smisson, III | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7896842 | Palmroos et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7905710 | Wang et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7933780 | de la Huerga | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7945452 | Fathallah et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7976508 | Hoag | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7981073 | Mollstam | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7981082 | Wang et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 8002736 | Patrick et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8034020 | Dewey | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8038593 | Friedman et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8065161 | Howard et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8067760 | Carlisle | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8075514 | Butterfield et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8075546 | Carlisle et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8078983 | Davis et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8121857 | Galasso et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8149131 | Blomquist | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8175668 | Nabutovsky et al. | May 2012 | B1 |
| 8177739 | Cartledge et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8180440 | McCombie et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8185322 | Schroeder et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8219413 | Martinez et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8221395 | Shelton et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8226597 | Jacobson et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8231578 | Fathallah et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8234128 | Martucci et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8271106 | Wehba et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8287514 | Miller et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8291337 | Gannin et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8313308 | Lawless et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8317698 | Lowery | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8317750 | Ware et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8317752 | Cozmi et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8318094 | Bayandorian et al. | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8340792 | Condurso et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8347731 | Genosar | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8359338 | Butterfield et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8361021 | Wang et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8378837 | Wang et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8388598 | Steinkogler | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8398616 | Budiman | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8403908 | Jacobson et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8449524 | Braig et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8477307 | Yufa et al. | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8494879 | Davis et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8504179 | Blomquist | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8517990 | Teel et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8518021 | Stewart et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8523797 | Lowery et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8539812 | Stringham et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8543416 | Palmroos et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8577692 | Silkaitis et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8622990 | Estes et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8630722 | Condurso et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8665214 | Forutanpour et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8666769 | Butler et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8700421 | Feng et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8706233 | Su et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8721584 | Braithwaite et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8761906 | Condurso et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8768719 | Wehba et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8771251 | Ruchti et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8792981 | Yudovsky et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8821432 | Unverdorben | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8823382 | Rondoni et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8857269 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8858185 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8905965 | Mandro et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8964185 | Luo et al. | Feb 2015 | B1 |
| 9005150 | Ware et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9026370 | Rubalcaba et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9084855 | Ware et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9114217 | Sur et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9134735 | Lowery et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9134736 | Lowery et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9138526 | Ware et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9190010 | Vik et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9240002 | Hume et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9272089 | Jacobson et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9333291 | Jacobson et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9381296 | Arrizza et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9393362 | Cozmi et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9468718 | Hung et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9498583 | Sur et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9545475 | Borges et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9707341 | Dumas, III et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9764087 | Peterfreund et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9852265 | Treacy et al. | Dec 2017 | B1 |
| 9883987 | Lopez | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9943269 | Muhsin et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9995611 | Ruchti et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10022498 | Ruchti et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10046112 | Oruklu et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10089055 | Fryman | Oct 2018 | B1 |
| 10099009 | Anderson | Oct 2018 | B1 |
| 10166328 | Oruklu et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10342917 | Shubinsky et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10430761 | Hume et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10463788 | Day | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10549248 | Brown | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10578474 | Ruchti et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10596316 | Dumas, III et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10635784 | Rubalcaba, Jr. et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10656894 | Fryman | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10682102 | Declerck | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10850024 | Day et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10874793 | Oruklu et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 20010007636 | Butterfield | Jul 2001 | A1 |
| 20010014769 | Bufe et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010015099 | Blaine | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010016056 | Westphal et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010032099 | Joao | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010037060 | Thompson et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010041869 | Causey et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010044731 | Coffman et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20020003892 | Iwanaga | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020007116 | Zatezalo et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020013545 | Soltanpour et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020013551 | Zaitsu et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020015018 | Shimazu et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020018720 | Carlisle et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020029776 | Blomquist | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020031838 | Meinhart et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020032583 | Joao | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020040208 | Flaherty et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020044059 | Reeder et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045806 | Baker, Jr. et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020082728 | Mueller et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020083771 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020085952 | Ellingboe et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020087115 | Hartlaub | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020095486 | Bahl | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099282 | Knobbe et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099334 | Hanson et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143580 | Bristol et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020147389 | Cavallaro et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020152239 | Bautista-Lloyd et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020168278 | Jeon et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173703 | Lebel et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020183693 | Peterson et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030009244 | Engleson | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030013959 | Grunwald et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030018289 | Ng et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030018308 | Tsai | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030025602 | Medema et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030028082 | Thompson | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030030001 | Cooper et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030045840 | Burko | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030050621 | Lebel et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060688 | Ciarniello et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060765 | Campbell et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030065537 | Evans | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030065589 | Giacchetti | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030073954 | Moberg et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030079746 | Hickle | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083583 | Kovtun et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030091442 | Bush et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030104982 | Wittmann et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030106553 | Vanderveen | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030125662 | Bui | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030130616 | Steil | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030135087 | Hickle et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030136193 | Fujimoto | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030139701 | White et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030140928 | Bui et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030141981 | Bui et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030143746 | Sage, Jr. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030144878 | Wilkes et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158508 | DiGianfilippo | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030160683 | Blomquist | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030163789 | Blomquist | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030173408 | Mosher, Jr. et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030186833 | Huff et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187338 | Say et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030200116 | Forrester | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204274 | Ullestad et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204416 | Acharya | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030212364 | Mann et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030212379 | Bylund et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030216682 | Junker | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030217962 | Childers et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030233071 | Gillespie, Jr. et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040030277 | O'Mahony et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040047736 | Nose et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040057226 | Berthou et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040064342 | Browne et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073125 | Lovett et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073161 | Tachibana | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040077996 | Jasperson et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040082908 | Whitehurst | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040082918 | Evans et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040104271 | Martucci et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040119753 | Zencke | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040120825 | Bouton et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040128162 | Schlotterbeck et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040128163 | Goodman et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040133166 | Moberg et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040145114 | Ippolito et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040147034 | Gore et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040149823 | Aptekar | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040152970 | Hunter et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040158193 | Bui et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040167464 | Ireland et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040167465 | Kohler | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040167804 | Simpson | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040172222 | Simpson et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040172283 | Vanderveen | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040172289 | Kozic et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040172302 | Martucci et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040176984 | White et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040181314 | Zaleski | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193025 | Steil et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193325 | Bonderud | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193328 | Butterfield et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040204638 | Diab et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040204673 | Flaherty et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040220517 | Starkweather et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225252 | Gillespie et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225409 | Duncan et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040232219 | Fowler | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040253123 | Xie et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040254434 | Goodnow et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040254513 | Shang et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050021006 | Tonnies | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050021297 | Hartlaub | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050022274 | Campbell et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050038680 | McMahon | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055242 | Bello et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055244 | Mullan et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050065465 | Lebel et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050075544 | Shapiro et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050096593 | Pope et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050099624 | Staehr | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050107923 | Vanderveen | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050108057 | Cohen et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119597 | O'Mahony et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119914 | Batch | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050131739 | Rabinowitz et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050137522 | Aoki | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143864 | Blomquist | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050145010 | Vanderveen et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050171503 | Van Den Berghe et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050171815 | Vanderveen | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177045 | Degertekin et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177096 | Bollish et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182306 | Sloan | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182355 | Bui | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050182366 | Vogt et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050187515 | Varrichio et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192529 | Butterfield et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192557 | Brauker et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050197554 | Polcha | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050197621 | Poulsen et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050197649 | Shelton | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050209563 | Hopping et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050209793 | Yamada | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050224083 | Crass | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050235732 | Rush | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050238506 | Mescher et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050240305 | Bogash et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050273059 | Mernoe et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050277890 | Stewart et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050279419 | Tribble et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060002799 | Schann et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060009727 | O'Mahony et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060009734 | Martin | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060042633 | Bishop et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060047270 | Shelton | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053036 | Coffman et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060064020 | Burnes et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060064053 | Bollish et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060079768 | Small et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060079831 | Gilbert | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100746 | Leibner-Druska | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100907 | Holland et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060106649 | Eggers et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060116639 | Russell | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060117856 | Orr et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060117867 | Froehlich et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060122867 | Eggers et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060135939 | Brown | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060135940 | Joshi | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060136095 | Rob et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060136271 | Eggers et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060140798 | Kutsuzawa | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060143051 | Eggers et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060173260 | Gaoni et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060173406 | Hayes et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060180916 | Wyland | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060181695 | Sage, Jr. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060187069 | Duan | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060190302 | Eggers et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195022 | Trepagnier et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200007 | Brockway et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200369 | Batch et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060211404 | Cromp et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060224140 | Junker | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060224141 | Rush et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060224181 | McEwen et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060226088 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060226089 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060226090 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060229918 | Fotsch et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060235353 | Gelfand et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060255149 | Retter et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060258985 | Russell | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060260416 | Sage et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060264895 | Flanders | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060266128 | Clark et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060270971 | Gelfand et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060271286 | Rosenberg | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060272421 | Frinak et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060275142 | Bouton et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070015972 | Wang et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070036511 | Lundquist et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060796 | Kim | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060871 | Istoc | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060872 | Hall et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060874 | Nesbitt et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070062250 | Krulevitch et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070065363 | Dalal et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070078314 | Grounsell | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083152 | Williams, Jr. et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070084288 | Thomas et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088271 | Richards | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088333 | Levin et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070093753 | Krulevitcvh et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070094045 | Cobbs et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100222 | Mastrototaro et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100665 | Brown | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070112298 | Mueller et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070118405 | Campbell et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070129618 | Goldberger et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070142822 | Remde | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070156452 | Batch | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070179436 | Braig et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070191817 | Martin | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070214003 | Holland et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070215545 | Bissler et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233035 | Wehba et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233049 | Wehba et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070240497 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070250339 | Mallett et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255250 | Moberg et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070257788 | Carlson | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070267945 | Sudol | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070270747 | Remde | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070274843 | Vanderveen et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070289384 | Sakai et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080009684 | Corsetti et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080028868 | Konzelmann et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080033361 | Evans et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080039777 | Katz et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080048211 | Khuri-Yakub et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080058773 | John | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080060448 | Wiest et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080065420 | Tirinato et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080071210 | Moubayed et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080071496 | Glascock | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080071580 | Marcus et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077116 | Dailey | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080091466 | Butler et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080097288 | Levin et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080097289 | Steil et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080097317 | Alholm et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080098798 | Riley et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080119822 | Knauper | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080125701 | Moberg et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080139907 | Rao et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080145249 | Smisson | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080172030 | Blomquist et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080177254 | Shelton et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080184784 | Dam | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080188789 | Galavotti et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080188796 | Steil et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208484 | Butterfield et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080214919 | Harmon et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221521 | Getz et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221522 | Moberg et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262469 | Bristol et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269663 | Arnold et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269714 | Mastrototaro et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269723 | Mastrototaro et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080275384 | Mastrototaro et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080300572 | Rankers et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090001908 | Shubinsky et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090005703 | Fasciano | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006061 | Thukral et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006129 | Thukral | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006133 | Weinert | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090015824 | Shubinsky et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090043171 | Rule | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090054743 | Stewart | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090054754 | McMahon et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090069743 | Krishnamoorthy et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090077248 | Castellucci et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090082676 | Bennison | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090088731 | Campbell et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090097029 | Tokhtuev et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090105636 | Hayter et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112155 | Zhao | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090114037 | Smith | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090119330 | Sampath et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124963 | Hogard et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124964 | Leach et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090126825 | Eliuk | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090131861 | Braig et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090135196 | Holland et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090143726 | Bouton et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090144025 | Bouton et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090144026 | Bouton et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149743 | Barron et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090156922 | Goldberger et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090156975 | Robinson et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177146 | Nesbitt et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177188 | Steinkogler | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177248 | Roberts | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177769 | Roberts | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090178485 | Thomas et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090183147 | Davis et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090192367 | Braig et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090205426 | Balschat et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090209938 | Aalto-Setala | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090209945 | Lobl et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090212966 | Panduro | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090221890 | Saffer et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090223294 | Thomas et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090227939 | Memoe et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090264720 | Torjman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090270810 | DeBelser | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090270833 | DeBelser | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20100022988 | Wochner | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100280430 | Caleffi et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100036310 | Hillman | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100056992 | Hayter | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100057042 | Hayter | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100069892 | Steinbach et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100077866 | Graboi et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100079760 | Bernacki | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100094251 | Estes et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100106082 | Zhou | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100114027 | Jacobson et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121170 | Rule | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121415 | Skelton et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100130933 | Holland et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131434 | Magent et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100141460 | Tokhtuev et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100147081 | Thomas et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100152554 | Steine et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100160854 | Gauthier | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100168535 | Robinson et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100177375 | Seyfried | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185142 | Kamen et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185182 | Alme et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198034 | Thomas et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198182 | Lanigan et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198183 | Lanigan et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211002 | Davis | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100212407 | Stringham et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100212675 | Walling et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100217154 | Deshmukh et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100217621 | Schoenberg | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100271218 | Hoag et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100271479 | Heydlauf | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100273738 | Valcke et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100292634 | Kircher | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100295686 | Sloan et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100298765 | Budiman et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312039 | Quirico | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100317093 | Turewicz et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100317952 | Budiman et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100318025 | John | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110000560 | Miller et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110001605 | Kiani et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110004186 | Butterfield | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110009797 | Kelly et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110028885 | Eggers et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110046558 | Gravesen et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110062703 | Lopez et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110064612 | Franzoni et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110071464 | Palerm | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110071844 | Cannon et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110072379 | Gannon | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110077480 | Bloom et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110078608 | Gannon et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110099313 | Bolanowski | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110105983 | Kelly et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110106561 | Eaton, Jr. et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110107251 | Guaitoli et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110137241 | Delcastilio et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144595 | Cheng | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110152770 | Diperna et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110160649 | Pan | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110162647 | Huby et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110172918 | Tome | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110175728 | Baker, Jr. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110190598 | Shusterman | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110190694 | Lanier et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218514 | Rebours | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264006 | Ali et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264043 | Kotnick et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282321 | Steil et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110313390 | Roy et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110319728 | Petisce | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110320049 | Chossat et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120025995 | Moberg et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120059234 | Barrett et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120068001 | Pushkarsky et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120083760 | Ledford | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120095433 | Hungerford et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123322 | Scarpaci et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143116 | Ware et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120180790 | Montgomery | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120185267 | Kamen et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120191059 | Cummings et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120194341 | Peichel et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120203177 | Lanier | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120226350 | Rudser et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245525 | Pope et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120259278 | Hayes et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310204 | Krogh | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120323212 | Murphy | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006666 | Schneider | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130009551 | Knapp | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130012880 | Blomquist | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130012917 | Miller et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130041342 | Bernini et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130044111 | VanGilder et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110538 | Butterfield et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130150766 | Olde et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130150821 | Bollish et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130197930 | Garibaldi et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130201482 | Munro | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130116649 | Kouyoumjian et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253430 | Kouyoumjian et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130274576 | Amirouche et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130281965 | Kamen et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130291116 | Homer | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130296823 | Melker et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130296984 | Burnett et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130318158 | Teng et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345658 | Browne et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345666 | Panduro et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140067425 | Dudar et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140180711 | Kamen | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140224829 | Capone et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140267563 | Baca et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303591 | Peterfreund et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20150025453 | Ledford et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150033073 | Yang et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150065988 | Holderle | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150168958 | Downie et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150265765 | Yavorsky | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150338340 | Jiang et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150343141 | Lindo et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160042264 | Borges et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160110088 | Vik et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160144101 | Pananen | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160151560 | Toro et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160151562 | Magers et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160151601 | Cardelius et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160175517 | Sileika et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160193604 | McFarland et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160339167 | Ledford et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20170043089 | Handler | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170354941 | Brown | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180018440 | Sugawara | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20190091401 | Ruchti et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190262535 | Shubinsky et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190282757 | Gylland | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20200069864 | Shubinsky et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200090122 | Hume | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200238007 | Day | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200271499 | Ruchti et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200282137 | Dumas, III et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200319837 | Fryman | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200324044 | Gylland et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200357500 | Rubalcaba, Jr. et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2013216679 | Sep 2013 | AU |
| PI0704229-9 | Nov 2009 | BR |
| 2 113 473 | Mar 1993 | CA |
| 2 551 817 | Jul 2005 | CA |
| 31 12 762 | Jan 1983 | DE |
| 34 35 647 | Jul 1985 | DE |
| 35 30 747 | Mar 1987 | DE |
| 37 20 664 | Jan 1989 | DE |
| 38 27 444 | Feb 1990 | DE |
| 197 34 002 | Sep 1998 | DE |
| 199 01 078 | Feb 2000 | DE |
| 198 40 965 | Mar 2000 | DE |
| 198 44 252 | Mar 2000 | DE |
| 199 32 147 | Jan 2001 | DE |
| 102 49 238 | May 2004 | DE |
| 103 52 456 | Jul 2005 | DE |
| 0 282 323 | Sep 1988 | EP |
| 0 291 727 | Nov 1988 | EP |
| 0 319 272 | Jun 1989 | EP |
| 0 319 275 | Jun 1989 | EP |
| 0 335 385 | Oct 1989 | EP |
| 0 337 092 | Oct 1989 | EP |
| 0 341 582 | Nov 1989 | EP |
| 0 370 162 | May 1990 | EP |
| 0 387 724 | Sep 1990 | EP |
| 0 429 866 | Jun 1991 | EP |
| 0 441 323 | Aug 1991 | EP |
| 0 453 211 | Oct 1991 | EP |
| 0 462 405 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0 501 234 | Sep 1992 | EP |
| 0 516 130 | Dec 1992 | EP |
| 0 519 765 | Dec 1992 | EP |
| 0 643 301 | Mar 1995 | EP |
| 0 683 465 | Nov 1995 | EP |
| 0 431 310 | Jan 1996 | EP |
| 0 589 439 | Aug 1998 | EP |
| 0 880 936 | Dec 1998 | EP |
| 0 954 090 | Nov 1999 | EP |
| 0 960 627 | Dec 1999 | EP |
| 1 174 817 | Jan 2002 | EP |
| 1 177 802 | Feb 2002 | EP |
| 1 197 178 | Apr 2002 | EP |
| 1 500 025 | Apr 2003 | EP |
| 1 813 188 | Aug 2007 | EP |
| 1 490 131 | Dec 2007 | EP |
| 2 062 527 | May 2009 | EP |
| 2 228 004 | Sep 2010 | EP |
| 2 243 506 | Oct 2010 | EP |
| 2 381 260 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 254513 | Oct 1981 | ES |
| 2 717 919 | Sep 1995 | FR |
| 2 121 971 | Jan 1984 | GB |
| 2 303 706 | Feb 1997 | GB |
| 2 312 022 | Oct 1997 | GB |
| 2 312 046 | Oct 1997 | GB |
| 01-301118 | Dec 1989 | JP |
| 01-308568 | Dec 1989 | JP |
| 04-231966 | Aug 1992 | JP |
| 07-502678 | Mar 1995 | JP |
| 07-289638 | Nov 1995 | JP |
| 11-128344 | May 1999 | JP |
| 2000-111374 | Apr 2000 | JP |
| 2000-510575 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| 2000-515716 | Nov 2000 | JP |
| 2001-356034 | Dec 2001 | JP |
| 2002-506514 | Feb 2002 | JP |
| 2002-131105 | May 2002 | JP |
| 2003-038642 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2003-050144 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2005-021463 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-524081 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2006-517423 | Jul 2006 | JP |
| 2007-071695 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2007-518471 | Jul 2007 | JP |
| 2007-520270 | Jul 2007 | JP |
| 2007-275106 | Oct 2007 | JP |
| 2008-249400 | Oct 2008 | JP |
| 4322661 | Jun 2009 | JP |
| 2010-063767 | Mar 2010 | JP |
| WO 84000690 | Mar 1984 | WO |
| WO 84000894 | Mar 1984 | WO |
| WO 90007942 | Jul 1990 | WO |
| WO 91000113 | Jan 1991 | WO |
| WO 91016087 | Oct 1991 | WO |
| WO 91016416 | Oct 1991 | WO |
| WO 93004284 | Mar 1993 | WO |
| WO 95016200 | Jun 1995 | WO |
| WO 95031233 | Nov 1995 | WO |
| WO 96008755 | Mar 1996 | WO |
| WO 96025186 | Aug 1996 | WO |
| WO 96028209 | Sep 1996 | WO |
| WO 96041156 | Dec 1996 | WO |
| WO 97010013 | Mar 1997 | WO |
| WO 97030333 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| WO 98004304 | Feb 1998 | WO |
| WO 98012670 | Mar 1998 | WO |
| WO 98014234 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 98019263 | May 1998 | WO |
| WO 98044320 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| WO 98056441 | Dec 1998 | WO |
| WO 99015216 | Apr 1999 | WO |
| WO 99051003 | Oct 1999 | WO |
| WO 99052575 | Oct 1999 | WO |
| WO 00013580 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO 00013726 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO 00041621 | Jul 2000 | WO |
| WO 01014974 | Mar 2001 | WO |
| WO 01033484 | May 2001 | WO |
| WO 02005702 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| WO 02009795 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| WO 02027276 | Apr 2002 | WO |
| WO 02066101 | Aug 2002 | WO |
| WO 02087664 | Nov 2002 | WO |
| WO 03006091 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| WO 03053498 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| WO 03093780 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO 2004035115 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004060455 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004070556 | Aug 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004070994 | Aug 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004112579 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO 2005018716 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005030489 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005036447 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005050526 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005057175 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005065146 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005065749 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005082450 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005118015 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO 2006016122 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| WO 2006022906 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| WO 2007000426 | Jan 2007 | WO |
| WO 2007033025 | Mar 2007 | WO |
| WO 2007035567 | Mar 2007 | WO |
| WO 2007087443 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| WO 2008004560 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008019016 | Feb 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008053193 | May 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008059492 | May 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008063429 | May 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008067245 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008088490 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008134146 | Nov 2008 | WO |
| WO 2009016504 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009023406 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009023407 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009023634 | Feb 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009039203 | Mar 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009039214 | Mar 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009049252 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009127683 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009141504 | Nov 2009 | WO |
| WO 2010017279 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010075371 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010099313 | Sep 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010114929 | Oct 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010119409 | Oct 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010124127 | Oct 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010135646 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010135654 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010135670 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010135686 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO 2010148205 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| WO 2011017778 | Feb 2011 | WO |
| WO 2011080188 | Jul 2011 | WO |
| WO 2011109774 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| WO 2012042763 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| WO 2012082599 | Jun 2012 | WO |
| WO 2012108910 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| WO 2012167090 | Dec 2012 | WO |
| WO 2013096769 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| WO 2015134478 | Sep 2015 | WO |
| WO 2017051271 | Mar 2017 | WO |
| WO 2017144366 | Aug 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017197024 | Nov 2017 | WO |
| WO 2020214717 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Alaedeen et al., “Total Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Hyperglycemia Correlates with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Hospital Stay in Septic Infants”, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Jan. 2006, vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 239-244. |
| Alaris® Medical Systems, “Signature Edition® Gold—Single & Dual Channel Infusion System”, San Diego, CA, USA, date unknown, but believed to be at least as early as Nov. 29, 2008, pp. 2-88 & 2-91. |
| Allegro, “3955—Full-Bridge PWM Microstepping Motor Drive”, Datasheet, 1997, pp. 16. |
| Aragon, Daleen RN, Ph.D., CCRN, “Evaluation of Nursing Work Effort and Perceptions About Blood Glucose Testing in Tight Glycemic Control”, American Journal of Critical Care, Jul. 2006, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 370-377. |
| Baxter, “Baxter Receives 510(k) Clearance for Next-Generation SIGMA Spectrum Infusion Pump with Master Drug Library” Press Release, May 8, 2014, pp. 2. <http://web.archive.org/web/20160403140025/http://www.baxter.com/news-media/newsroom/press-releases/2014/05_08_14_sigma.p.>. |
| Bequette, Ph.D., “A Critical Assessment of Algorithms and Challenges in the Development of a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas”, Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, Feb. 28, 2005, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 28-47. |
| Bequette, B. Wayne, Ph.D., “Analysis of Algorithms for Intensive Care Unit Blood Glucose Control”, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Nov. 2007, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 813-824. |
| Binder et al., “Insulin Infusion with Parenteral Nutrition in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants with Hyperglycemia”, Journal of Pediatrics, Feb. 1989, vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 273-280. |
| Bode et al., “Intravenous Insulin Infusion Therapy: Indications, Methods, and Transition to Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy”, Endocrine Practice, Mar./Apr. 2004, vol. 10, Supplement 2, pp. 71-80. |
| Buhrdorf et al., “Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers and their Application”, Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Feb. 2001, vol. 2, pp. 933-940. |
| Cannon, MD et al., “Automated Heparin-Delivery System to Control Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time”, Circulation, Feb. 16, 1999, vol. 99, pp. 751-756. |
| “CareAware® Infusion Management”, Cerner Store, as printed May 12, 2011, pp. 3, <https://store.cerner.com/items/7>. |
| Chen et al., “Enabling Location-Based Services on Wireless LANs”, The 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON 2003, Sep. 28-Oct. 1, 2003, pp. 567-572. |
| Cheung et al., “Hyperglycemia is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Patients Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition”, Diabetes Care, Oct. 2005, vol. 28, No. 10, pp. 2367-2371. |
| Coley et al., “Performance of Three Portable Infusion-Pump Devices Set to Deliver 2 mL/hr”, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Jun. 1, 1997, vol. 54, No. 11, pp. 1277-1280. |
| “Continually vs Continuously”, <https://web.archive.org/web/20090813092423/http://www.diffen.com/difference/Continually_vs_Continuously>, as accessed Aug. 13, 2009 in 4 pages. |
| “CritiCore® Monitor: Critical Fluid Output and Core Bladder Temperature Monitor”, BARD Urological Catheter Systems, Advertisement, 2005, pp. 2. |
| Daimiwal et al., “Wireless Transfusion Supervision and Analysis Using Embedded System”, IEEE, 2010 International Conference ICBBT, China, Apr. 2010, pp. 56-60. |
| Davidson et al., “A Computer-Directed Intravenous Insulin System Shown to be Safe, Simple, and Effective in 120,618 h of Operation”, Diabetes Care, Oct. 2005, vol. 28, No. 10, pp. 2418-2423. |
| “Decision of the Administrative Council of Oct. 16, 2013 Amending Rule 135 and 164 of the Implementing Regulations to the European Patent Convention (CA/D 17/13)”, Official Journal EPO Nov. 2013, Nov. 2013, pp. 503-506. <http://archive.epo.org/epo/pubs/oj013/11_13/11_5033.pdf>. |
| “Decision of the Administrative Council of Oct. 27, 2009 Amending the Implementing Regulations to the European Patent Convention (CA/D 20/09)”, Official Journal EPO Dec. 2009, Dec. 2009, pp. 582-584. <http://archive.epo.org/epo/pubs/oj009/12_09/12_5829.pdf>. |
| Diabetes Close Up, Close Concerns AACE Inpatient Management Conference Report, Consensus Development Conference on Inpatient Diabetes and Metabolic Control, Washington, D.C., Dec. 14-16, 2003, pp. 1-32. |
| “Differential Pressure Transmitter, Series PD-39 X”, SensorsOne Ltd., Advertisement, Dec. 2005, pp. 2. |
| Dunster et al., “Flow Continuity of Infusion Systems at Low Flow Rates”, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Oct. 1995, vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 5. |
| Fogt et al., Development and Evaluation of a Glucose Analyzer for a Glucose-Controlled Insulin Infusion System (Biostator®), Clinical Chemistry, 1978, vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 1366-1372. |
| “Froth”, <http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/froth>, as accessed May 13, 2015 in 1 page. |
| Goldberg et al., “Clinical Results of an Updated Insulin Infusion Protocol in Critically Ill Patients”, Diabetes Spectrum, 2005, vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 188-191. |
| Halpern et al., “Changes in Critical Care Beds and Occupancy in the United States 1985-2000: Differences Attributable to Hospital Size”, Critical Care Medical, Aug. 2006, vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 2105-2112. |
| Hospira, “Plum A+™ Infusion System” as archived Dec. 1, 2012, pp. 2. <www.hopira.com/products_and_services/infusion_pumps/plum/index>. |
| Hospira, “Plum XL™ Series Infusion System” Technical Service Manual, Feb. 2005, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA, pp. i-vii, 5-14, 8-3. |
| Ilfeld et al., “Delivery Rate Accuracy of Portable, Bolus-Capable Infusion Pumps Used for Patient-Controlled Continuous Regional Analgesia”, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Jan.-Feb. 2003, vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 17-23. |
| Ilfeld et al., “Portable Infusion Pumps Used for Continuous Regional Analgesia: Delivery Rate Accuracy and Consistency”, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sep.-Oct. 2003, vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 424-432. |
| JMS Co., Ltd., “Infusion Pump: OT-701”, Tokyo, Japan, 2002, pp. 4. |
| Kim, M.D., et al., “Hyperglycemia Control of the Nil Per Os Patient in the Intensive Care Unit: Introduction of a Simple Subcutaneous Insulin Algorithm”, Nov. 2012, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 1413-1419. |
| Kutcher et al., “The Effect of Lighting Conditions on Caries Interpretation with a Laptop Computer in a Clinical Setting”, Elsevier, Oct. 2006, vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 537-543. |
| Lamsdale et al., “A Usability Evaluation of an Infusion Pump by Nurses Using a Patient Simulator”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, Sep. 2005, pp. 1024-1028. |
| Logan et al., “Fabricating Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers with a Novel Silicon-Nitride-Based Wafer Bonding Process”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, May 2009, vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 1074-1084. |
| Magaji et al., “Inpatient Management of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes”, Clinical Diabetes, 2011, vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 3-9. |
| Mauseth et al., “Proposed Clinical Application for Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller of Artificial Pancreas Utilizing a Personalization Factor”, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Jul. 2010, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 913-922. |
| Maynard et al., “Subcutaneous Insulin Order Sets and Protocols: Effective Design and Implementation Strategies”, Journal of Hospital Medicine, Sep./Oct. 2008, vol. 3, Issue 5, Supplement 5, pp. S29-S41. |
| Merry et al., “A New, Safety-Oriented, Integrated Drug Administration and Automated Anesthesia Record System”, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Aug. 2001, vol. 93, No. 2 pp. 385-390. |
| Microchip Technology Inc., “MTA11200B; TrueGauge™ Intelligent Battery Management I.C.”, <https://www.elektronik.ropla.eu/pdf/stock/mcp/mta11200b.pdf>, 1995, pp. 44. |
| Moghissi, Etie, MD, FACP, FACE, “Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients”, A Supplement to ACP Hospitalist, Jun. 15, 2008, pp. 32. |
| Nuckols et al., “Programmable Infusion Pumps in ICUs: An Analysis of Corresponding Adverse Drug Events”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2007, vol. 23, Supp. 1, pp. 41-45. |
| Pretty et al., “Hypoglycemia Detection in Critical Care Using Continuous Glucose Monitors: An in Silico Proof of Concept Analysis”, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Jan. 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 15-24. |
| Saager et al., “Computer-Guided Versus Standard Protocol for Insulin Administration in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery”, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, Oct. 13, 2006. |
| Sebald et al., “Numerical Analysis of a Comprehensive in Silico Subcutaneous Insulin Absorption Compartmental Model”, 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Sep. 2-6, 2009, pp. 3901-3904. |
| SGS-Thomson Microelectronics, “L6219—Stepper Motor Drive”, Datasheet, Dec. 1996, pp. 10. |
| SGS-Thomson Microelectronics, “PBL3717A—Stepper Motor Drive”, Datasheet, Apr. 1993, pp. 11. |
| Simonsen, Michael Ph.D., POC Testing, New Monitoring Strategies on Fast Growth Paths in European Healthcare Arenas, Biomedical Business & Technology, Jan. 2007, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1-36. |
| Smith, Joe, “Infusion Pump Informatics”, CatalyzeCare: Transforming Healthcare, as printed May 12, 2011, pp. 2. |
| Tang et al., “Linear Dimensionality Reduction Using Relevance Weighted LDA”, Pattern Recognition, 2005, vol. 38, pp. 485-493, <http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/˜ketang/papers/TangSuganYaoQin_PR04.pdf>. |
| Thomas et al., “Implementation of a Tight Glycaemic Control Protocol Using a Web-Based Insulin Dose Calculator”, Anaesthesia, 2005, vol. 60, pp. 1093-1100. |
| Van Den Berghe, M.D., Ph.D., et al., “Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients”, The New England Journal of Medicine, Nov. 8, 2001, vol. 345, No. 19, pp. 1359-1367. |
| Van Den Berghe, M.D., Ph.D., et al., “Intensive Insulin Therapy in the Medical ICU”, The New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 2, 2006, vol. 354, No. 5, pp. 449-461. |
| Westbrook et al., “Errors in the Administration of Intravenous Medications in Hospital and the Role of Correct Procedures and Nurse Experience”, BMJ Quality & Safety, 2011, vol. 20, pp. 1027-1034. |
| Zakariah et al., “Combination of Biphasic Transmittance Waveform with Blood Procalcitonin Levels for Diagnosis of Sepsis in Acutely Ill Patients”, Critical Care Medicine, 2008, vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 1507-1512. |
