Patent Application
20180030041
The present invention relates to the preparation of a condensation product of 1-amino-2-propanol and formaldehyde, the condensation product, the use thereof for reducing the amount of hydrogen sulphide in liquids and gases and also a corresponding process.
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an unpleasantly smelling, toxic gas which poses a great hazard to health and leads to severe corrosion phenomena in industrial plants. Lawmakers have therefore imposed strict obligations for reducing the H2S content.
WO 02/051968 A1 discloses a process for reducing the amount of hydrogen sulphide in a liquid or a gas by treatment with an H2S-scavenging product. The H2S-scavenging product is obtained by reaction of i) a compound having a carbonyl group with ii) an alcohol, thiol, amide, thioamide, urea or thiourea. The product is preferably prepared by reaction of formaldehyde with amine-free alcohol or urea. An example of an amine-free alcohol is ethylene glycol. The H2S-scavenging agent can optionally be used together with an amine, in particular N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) amine (ethanolamine).
WO 98/02501 discloses that bis(oxazolidine) derivatives can be used as scavenging agents for sulphur compounds. An example of a bisoxazolidine is 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), which is obtained by reaction of 1-amino-2-propanol (2-hydroxypropylamine, monoisopropanolamine, MIPA) with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 2:3 (i.e. 1:1.5). The anhydrous condensation product Grotan® OX (3,3′-methylenebis[5-methyloxazolidine]) from Schülke & Mayr GmbH, Norderstedt, Federal Republic of Germany, displays good effectiveness in the chemical neutralization of H2S.
However, it is known from various formaldehyde depot compounds used, for example, for preserving water-based products and processes that they tend to liberate formaldehyde into the gas phase and accordingly produce an unpleasant smell and also lead to instability or a neck-in effect.
According to DE 197 22 858 A1, compositions based on iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and formaldehyde depot compounds are used as preservatives. The addition of particular glycols, preferably 1,2-propylene glycol, has a positive influence on the odour of the compositions and reduces the emission of volatile materials (such as formaldehyde).
DE 102 44 442 A1 discloses a preservative which has reduced formaldehyde emission and contains a) at least one formal and b) at least one emission-reducing additive selected from among urea, urea derivatives, amino acids, guanidine and guanidine derivatives.
The preservatives according to DE 10 2004 014 447 A1 comprise a) at least N-formal, b) at least one emission-reducing additive and c) monoethylene glycol.
The product Grotan® WS (Schülke & Mayr GmbH, Norderstedt, Federal Republic of Germany) is a water-containing product which contains about 80% by weight of the formaldehyde depot compound α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol (N,N′,N″-tris(2-hydroxpropyl)hexahydrotriazine, hereinafter TTT). TTT is prepared by condensation of MIPA with formaldehyde (in a molar ratio of 1:1). The condensation product is a colourless to yellow liquid which is storage-stable and will keep for more than 36 months, but has an undesirably high viscosity, especially at low temperature. Aqueous dilutions of Grotan® WS, in contrast, are not storage-stable.
According to the teaching of EP 0 347 815 A2, alkanolamines are used for stabilizing triazine derivatives. Here, the additional presence of surfactants is said to be absolutely necessary. However, the surfactants used in the examples have poor biodegradability.
DE 27 11 106 A1 discloses a process for preparing bis(5,5′-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)methane, in which 1-amino-2-propanol is reacted with an excess of formaldehyde at elevated temperature.
DD 229 707 A1 describes a process in which alkanolamine and formaldehyde are firstly reacted with one another at a temperature in the range from 30° C. to 80° C., with it being possible to employ a stoichiometric excess of alkanolamine to increase the functionality. The products obtained after further addition of alkali metal hydroxide and reaction with alkylene oxide are used as pharmaceuticals, insecticidally or fungicidally active sub-stances or as additives for lubricating greases.
DE 26 35 389 C2 discloses preservatives and disinfectants based on condensation products of amino alcohol or amino thiol with formaldehyde. Furthermore, it is stated that an excess of formaldehyde can also be used, but this does not participate in the reaction but instead remains as free formaldehyde in the reaction mixture. The preservatives and disinfectants are suitable for aqueous paints, cooling lubricants and adhesive solutions, or for preserving cooling water circuits or water circuits in paper production.
WO 97/25126 A2 describes compositions for removing sulphides from gas streams and a corresponding regenerative process. In the process, the gas stream is brought into contact with an H2S-scavenging agent, an inorganic ion and an oxidation catalyst. Examples of H2S-scavenging agents are 3,3′-methylenebisoxazolidine and 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol (N,N′,N″-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine), the reaction product of monoethanolamine with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1.
WO 90/07467 A1 describes a process for selectively reducing the contents of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphides in gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon streams or non-hydrocarbon streams, in which the streams are brought into contact with compositions which comprise the reaction product of (i) a lower alkanolamine with (ii) a lower aldehyde. An example of a lower alkanolamine is monoethanolamine, and an example of a lower aldehyde is formaldehyde.
WO 96/05907 A1 describes a process for reducing H2S in liquid and gaseous streams, which is characterized in that the streams are contacted with a condensation product of dialdehyde and alkanolamine. Preference is given to condensation products of glyoxal and monoethanolamine.
WO 94/08980 A1 discloses hexahydrotriazines having at least one alkoxyalkylene group and the use thereof as H2S scavengers.
US 2003/0234383 A1 proposes reacting the mixture of ethanolamine and diglycol amine with formaldehyde in order to produce an H2S-scavenging agent, and in order to prevent crystalline dithiazine deposits. According to U.S. Pat. No. 8,512,449 B1, an aqueous mixture containing triazine, glycol ether and alcohol is used for scavenging sulphide.
WO2013/101361 A1 proposes using the product of the condensation of aldehyde with a secondary amine in order to scavenge H2S.
DE 10 2012 203 003 A1 discloses liquid preparations for reducing free oxygen and preserving water. The preparations contain at least one N-formal and at least one dialkylhydroxylamine.
WO 2016/105341 A1 states that the use of triazine compounds for removing sulphur compounds leads to an undesirably high pH and to deposits, and instead proposes using combinations of i) an aldehyde-free compound (for example acrylate, acrylonitrile, ethyl trans-4-oxo-2-butenoate, para-benzoquinone or ortho-benzoquinone) with ii) a weak base (for example amine).
It was an object of the present invention to provide compositions which remove sulphur compounds from process streams with improved effectiveness. The compositions should be capable of storage in high concentration, without further constituents which are not absolutely necessary for the effect, e.g. antioxidants or other stabilizers, or emission-reducing additives necessarily having to be present. The compositions should additionally be able to be produced from inexpensive constituents. In addition, the compositions should preferably not lead to an undesirably high pH in aqueous dilution.
It was thus an objective of the invention to provide, in particular, a storage-stable concentrate which has a low viscosity, is stable at low temperature and is economical and which displays improved performance as H2S scavenger.
It has now surprisingly been found that this object is achieved by the use of a condensation product obtainable by reaction of 1-amino-2-propanol with formaldehyde in a molar ratio in the range from 1:2.0 to 1:3.1, with the condensation product containing less than 10% by weight of water.
The condensation product of the invention has a low viscosity, is stable at low temperature, produces no neck-in effect and is also inexpensive. It has also surprisingly been found that the condensation product of 1-amino-2-propanol and formaldehyde (in a molar ratio in the range from 1:2.0 to 1:3.1) of the invention displays a greatly improved action in the removal or reduction of H2S, mercaptans, sulphides or other thiol compounds from/in water-containing or water-free gases or liquids. This improved effectiveness of the condensation product according to the invention was found both in hydrocarbon and in water and mixtures of the two. In addition, condensation products according to the invention have an advantageously low pH compared to other formaldehyde depot compounds prepared from 1-amino-2-propanol, even in aqueous dilution.
In the preparation of the condensation product, it has additionally been found, in contrast to what would have been expected from the teaching of the prior art, that condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of greater than 1:3.1 cannot be prepared. The specifically used (superstoichiometric) amount of formaldehyde is therefore crucial if the molar ratio necessary for forming the chemical compounds N,N′,N″-tris(2-hydroxy-propyl) hexahydrotriazine (molar ratio of 1-amino-2-propanol to formaldehyde of 1:1) and bis(5,5′-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)methane (molar ratio of 1-amino-2-propanol to formaldehyde of 1:1.5) is exceeded. It was additionally surprising that free formaldehyde was not detectable, for example by means of NMR, in condensation products according to the invention in the preparation of which formaldehyde was used in such a superstoichiometric amount.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a process for preparing a condensation product containing less than 10% by weight of water, comprising the successive steps:
Step a) of reaction of 1-amino-2-propanol is reacted with formaldehyde in a molar ratio in the range from 1:2.0 to 1:3.1 and at a temperature in the range from 50° C. to 80° C. to form a product;
Step b) of removal of water from the product obtained at the end of step a), under reduced pressure to form the condensation product.
In process as hereinbefore defined, the molar ratio of 1-amino-2-propanol to formaldehyde is preferably in the range from 1:2.2 to 1:3.1, preferably in the range from 1:2.5 to 1:3.1, more preferably in the range from 1:2.7 to 1:3.1, for example in the range from 1:2.9 to 1:3.1.
Preference is also given to the reaction of step a) being carried out at a temperature in the range from 60° C. to 70° C.
Step a) is advantageously carried out using formaldehyde in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of formalin solution, preferably in the form of paraformaldehyde. Typically, 1-amino-2-propanol is first charged and formaldehyde is then added.
According to the invention, the removal of water in step b) is carried out at a temperature of from 50° C. to 80° C., preferably at a temperature in the range from 60° C. to 70° C.
The removal of water in step b) is preferably carried out at a pressure in the range from 102 to 104 Pa (1 to 100 mbar), more preferably at a pressure in the range from 5×102 to 5×103 Pa (5 to 50 mbar), in particular at a pressure of about 103 Pa (10 mbar).
In all embodiments of the invention, the condensation product preferably contains less than 8% by weight of water, more preferably less than 6% by weight of water, in particular less than 5% by weight of water, e.g. less than 4% by weight of water, or less than 3% by weight or less than 2% by weight of water, for example 1% by weight of water or less.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a condensation product containing less than 10% by weight of water, obtainable by reaction of 1-amino-2-propanol with formaldehyde in a molar ratio in the range from 1:2.0 to 1:3.1.
In a third aspect, the invention provides for the use of the condensation product as hereinbefore defined, for removing sulphur compounds from process streams.
The process stream treated according to the invention is preferably selected from liquid and gaseous process streams. Preferred process streams contain water, hydrocarbon or a mixture of water and hydrocarbon.
The sulphur compound of which amount is reduced according to the third aspect is preferably selected from among hydrogen sulphide, inorganic and organic sulphides, mercaptans and mercaptides, with the composition preferably being used for removing hydrogen sulphide from process streams.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a process for removing one or more sulphur compounds from a process stream, in which the process stream is brought into contact with the hereinbefore defined condensation.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides for the use of the condensation product as hereinbefore defined, for removing one or more sulphur compounds from a process stream in order to avoid deposits.
The invention will be described in connection with
The advantages of the present invention may be derived, in particular, from the following examples. All percentages are, unless indicated otherwise, by weight.
Description of the Method
1-Amino-2-propanol (187.8 g, 2.5 mol) was placed in a reaction vessel and paraformaldehyde (91% pure, 247.5 g, 7.5 mol) was added a little at a time while stirring in such a way that a temperature of 70° C. was not exceeded. After addition of ⅓ of the amount of paraformaldehyde, the exothermic reaction had ended and the further addition of paraformaldehyde was carried out at from 60 to 70° C. with heating. After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for about another hour, with the paraformaldehyde dissolving completely.
A clear, yellowish solution was obtained (density at 20° C.: 1.1258 g/cm3; refraction index at 20° C.: 1.4503; Hazen colour number: 29).
The stability was tested by storage at t=1 month and t=3 months at temperatures of −5° C., 25° C. and 40° C. in PE bottles (Table 1).
On storage at 40° C., significant degradation and a reduced content of formaldehyde which can be eliminated was found even after one month. After storage for three months, it could be seen that the product was ultimately not storage-stable.
The condensation product of 1-amino-2-propanol and formaldehyde (in a molar ratio of 1:3) is thus not stable in aqueous solution.
1-Amino-2-propanol (150.2 g, 2 mol) was placed in a reaction vessel and paraformaldehyde (91% pure, 198 g, 6 mol) was then added a little at a time while stirring in such a way that a temperature of 70° C. was not exceeded. After addition of ⅓ of the amount of paraformaldehyde, the exothermic reaction had ended and the further addition of paraformaldehyde was carried out at from 60 to 70° C. with heating. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for about another hour, with the paraformaldehyde dissolving completely. The water was subsequently removed under reduced pressure [max. 70° C. at 103 Pa (10 mbar)]. A slightly yellowish clear solution was formed (density at 20° C.: 1.1259 g/ml; refraction index at 20° C.: 1.4710; Hazen colour number: 18; formaldehyde which can be eliminated: 59.6%). The stability after 1 month and 3 months of storage, was tested at −5, 25 and 40° C. in PE bottles (Table 2).
On storage at 40° C., only slight degradation and an only slightly reduced content of formaldehyde which can be eliminated was thus found even after 12 months. When dewatered, the condensation product of 1-amino-2-propanol and formaldehyde (in a molar ratio of 1:3) is thus exceptionally stable.
The following formulations were studied:
The reaction product of ethanolamine and paraformaldehyde (91% pure) in a molar ratio of 1:1 was formed. This gave 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol. The water of reaction and the water from the paraformaldehyde remained in the product.
The reaction product of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde (91% pure) in a molar ratio of 2:3 was formed. This gave 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). The water of reaction and the water from the paraformaldehyde were distilled off.
The reaction product of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde (91% pure) in a molar ratio of 2:3 was formed. This gave 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). The water of reaction and the water from the paraformaldehyde were distilled off. Urea and ethylene glycol were added (the mixture contained about 4.6% by weight of urea and about 9.5% by weight of ethylene glycol).
The dewatered reaction product of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde (91% pure) in a molar ratio of 1:3 was prepared as described in Example 2.
The viscosities of the formulations are shown in Table 3.
The data in Table 3 show that the condensation product according to the invention has an advantageously low viscosity over a wide temperature range, i.e. even at a low temperature of −10° C., which is advantageous for the processability of the condensation products of the invention.
The formulations mentioned were also tested according to the method indicated above to determine how they can reduce hydrogen sulphide in various matrices (solvents or solvent mixtures). 0.10% of the respective formulation was added. The results are shown in Table 4.
The data in Table 4 demonstrate that the condensation product according to the invention not only reduces the content of sulphide in water and in hydrocarbons better in comparison with 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) or with 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, but also that this improved action requires no additives and, in addition, is even more pronounced and sets in very quickly at elevated use temperature.
The procedure of Example 2 was repeated, but the molar ratio of 1-amino-2-propanol to paraformaldehyde was varied in the range from 1:2 to 1:5; 1 mol of 1-amino-2-propanol was placed in a reaction vessel in each case and different amounts of paraformaldehyde (91% pure) were then added. Solutions which can be produced stably at room temperature were tested in respect of their stability by storage at −5° C., 25° C. and 40° C. in PE bottles. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
These examples show that condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:2 and 1:2.5 which have been dewatered according to the invention can be prepared, while dewatered condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:3.5, 1:4 and 1:5 cannot be prepared.
The inventive, stably preparable condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:2 and 1:2.5 (products A and B in Table 5) were additionally examined in respect of their long-term storage stability (Table 6).
The data in Table 6 demonstrate that the condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:2 and 1:2.5 which have been dewatered according to the invention have good storage stability.
The procedure of Examples 2 and 3 was repeated, but the molar ratio of 1-amino-2-propanol to paraformaldehyde was varied in the narrow range from 1:3.1 to 1:3.3; 1 mol of 1-amino-2-propanol was placed in a reaction vessel in each case and different amounts of paraformaldehyde (91% pure) were then added. The results are shown in Table 7.
The preparation of dewatered condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde can thus be carried out successfully according to the invention up to a molar ratio of 1:3.1, while dewatered condensation products of 1-amino-2-propanol and paraformaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:3.2 and 1:3.3 are not stable products.
The inventive product as per Example 2 and formulation OX was prepared as described in Example 3. Formulation WS was prepared like formulation BK in Example 3, but from 1-amino-2-propanol (and not from ethanolamine as for formulation BK) and paraformaldehyde (91% pure) in a molar ratio of 1:1. The water of reaction and the water from the paraformaldehyde remained in the product. Formulation WS is a water-containing product containing about 80% by weight of the formaldehyde depot compound α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol (N,N′,N″-tris(2-hydroxpropyl)hexahydrotriazine). The pH values of aqueous solutions of the formulations WS, OX and B2 (in each case in de-ionized water) are shown in Table 8.
The data in Table 8 show that condensation products which have been prepared according to the invention have an advantageously lower pH than other formaldehyde depot compounds prepared from 1-amino-2-propanol, even in aqueous dilution.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2016 113 930.3 | Jul 2016 | DE | national |
