CONDENSED CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0053770, filed on Apr. 16, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting device is a self-emission device that has a wide viewing angle, a high contrast ratio, a fast response rate, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and can produce full-color images.

An organic light-emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode is positioned on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially formed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as the holes and the electrons are then recombined in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented example embodiments.

According to one or more example embodiments, there is provided a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

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In Formula 1,

C₁to C₄may each independently represent chemically distinct carbon atoms,

ring A₁may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2A and 2B,

ring A₂may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2C and 2D,

X₁may be selected from N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1, O, and S, and X₂may be selected from N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, O, and S,

L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a1, a2, a21, and a22 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, when a1 is 2 or more, two or more L₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is 2 or more, two or more L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a21 is 2 or more, two or more L₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a22 is 2 or more, two or more L₂₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

Ar₁and Ar₂may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

and when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1and X₂is N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, at least one of Ar₁and Ar₂is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

b1 and b2 may be each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3, when b1 is 2 or more, two or more Ar₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b2 is 2 or more, two or more Ar₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

R₂₁and R₂₂may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), and N(Q₆)(Q₇),

b21 and b22 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, when b21 is 2 or more, two or more R₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b22 is 2 or more, two or more R₂₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

c21 and c22 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, when c21 is 2 or more, two or more *-[(L₂₁)_a21-(R₂₁)_b21](s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when c22 is 2 or more, two or more *-[(L₂₂)_a22-(R₂₂)_b22](s) may be identical to or different from each other, and

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —B(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —N(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —B(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —N(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —B(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —N(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇),

wherein Q₁to Q₇, Q₁₁to Q₁₇, Q₂₁to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁to Q₃₇may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to one or more example embodiments, an organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one condensed cyclic compound as described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the example embodiments, taken in conjunction with the drawing, which schematically illustrates a structure of an organic light-emitting device according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to example embodiments, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In this regard, the present example embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the example embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the drawing, to explain aspects of the present description. The term “and/or” used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” “at least one selected from,” and “one selected from,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention may refer to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

A condensed cyclic compound according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure is represented by Formula 1:

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In Formula 1,

C₁to C₄may each independently represent chemically distinct carbon atoms,

ring A₁may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2A and 2B, and

ring A₂may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2C and 2D.

According to an example embodiment, ring A₁may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2A-1 and 2B-1, and

ring A₂may be represented by one selected from Formulae 2C-1 and 2D-1:

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L₂₁, L₂₂, R₂₁, R₂₂, a21, a22, b21, and b22 in Formulae 2A-1 to 2D-1 may be each independently understood by referring to descriptions thereof provided herein.

In Formula 1, X₁may be selected from N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1, O, and S, and X₂may be selected from N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, O, and S. For example, when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1, X₂may be selected from N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, O, and S.

L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.

For example, L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-38:

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In Formulae 3-1 to 3-38,

Y₁₁may be selected from O, S, C(Z₁₃)(Z₁₄), N(Z₁₅), and Si(Z₁₆)(Z₁₇)

Z₁₁to Z₁₇may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

d1 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, d2 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3, d3 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, d4 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, d5 may be 1 or 2, d6 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some embodiments, L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂in Formula 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a pyridinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, and a dibenzothiophenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a pyridinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, and a dibenzothiophenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

According to example embodiments, L₁, L₂, L₂₁, and L₂₂in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-25, but are not limited thereto:

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Each of * and *′ in Formulae 4-1 to 4-25 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

a1, a2, a21, and a22 in Formula 1 and 2A to 2D may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. a1 indicates the number of L₁in Formula 1, and when a1 is 2 or more, two or more L₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When a1 is 0, -(L₁)_a1- is a single bond. a2 indicates the number of L₂in Formula 1, and when a2 is 2 or more, two or more L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When a2 is 0, -(L₂)_a2- is a single bond. According to an example embodiment, a21 may be 0, 1, or 2. a21 indicates the number of L₂₁in Formulae 2A to 2D, and when a21 is 2 or more, two or more L₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When a21 is 0, -(L₂₁)_a21- is a single bond. According to an example embodiment, a22 may be 0, 1, or 2. a22 indicates the number of L₂₂in Formulae 2A to 2D, and when a22 is 2 or more, two or more L₂₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. When a22 is 0, -(L₂₂)_a22- is a single bond. In some example embodiments, a22 may be 0 or 1. For example, a21 and a22 in Formula 1 may be both 0.

Ar₁and Ar₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, Ar₁and Ar₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

where Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.

In some embodiments, Ar₁and Ar₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

where Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

According to an example embodiment, Ar₁and Ar₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

where Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In some example embodiments, Ar₁and Ar₂may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-43, but are not limited thereto:

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In Formulae 5-1 to 5-43,

Y₂₁may be O, S, C(Z₂₃)(Z₂₄), N(Z₂₅), or Si(Z₂₆)(Z₂₇),

Z₂₁to Z₂₇may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

e2 may be an integer selected from 1 and 2, e3 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3, e4 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, e5 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, e6 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, e7 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, e9 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some example embodiments, Ar₁and Ar₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-44, but are not limited thereto:

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* in Formulae 6-1 to 6-44 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, and “D” may refer to deuterium.

In Formula 1, when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1and X₂is N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, at least one of Ar₁and Ar₂may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. That is, when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1and X₂is N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may have at least one substituent including a heteroatom (for example, N, O, or S).

For example, in Formula 1, when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1and X₂is N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, at least one of Ar₁and Ar₂may be selected from:

b1 in Formula 1 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. b1 indicates the number of Ar₁in Formula 1, and when b1 is 2 or more, two or more Ar₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. According to an example embodiment, b1 may be 1 or 2. For example, b1 in Formula 1 may be 1. b2 in Formula 1 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. b2 indicates the number of Ar₂in Formula 1, and when b2 is 2 or more, two or more Ar₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. According to an example embodiment, b2 may be 1 or 2. For example, b2 in Formula 1 may be 1.

R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 (e.g., in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D) may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), and N(Q₆)(Q₇), where Q₁to Q₇may be each independently understood by referring to descriptions thereof provided herein.

For example, R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), and N(Q₆)(Q₇).

In some embodiments, R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group;

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

where Q₁to Q₃and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

According to an example embodiment, R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, where Q₁to Q₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In Formulae 7-1 to 7-18,

Y₃₁may be O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), or Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇),

Z₃₁to Z₃₇may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

f1 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, f2 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, f3 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3, f4 may be an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, f5 may be 1 or 2, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some example embodiments, R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and groups represented by Formulae 8-1 to 8-28, where Q₁to Q₃may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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* in Formulae 8-1 to 8-28 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some example embodiments, R₂₁and R₂₂in Formula 1 may be each independently hydrogen or a phenyl group.

b21 and b22 in Formula 1 (e.g., in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D) may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. b21 indicates the number of R₂₁, and when b21 is 2 or more, two or more R₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b21 may be 0 or 1. b22 indicates the number of R₂₂, and when b22 is 2 or more, two or more R₂₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b22 may be 0 or 1.

c21 and c22 in Formula 1 (e.g., in Formulae 1 and 2A to 2D) may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. c21 indicates the number of *-[(L₂₁)_a21-(R₂₁)_b21], and when c21 is 2 or more, two or more *-[(L₂₁)_a21-(R₂₁)_b21](s) may be identical to or different from each other. c22 indicates the number of *-[(L₂₂)_a22-(R₂₂)_b22], and when c22 is 2 or more, two or more *-[(L₂₂)_a22-(R₂₂)_b22](s) may be identical to or different from each other.

For example, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1A to 1 D:

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X₁, X₂, L₁, L₂, Ar₁, Ar₂, a1, a2, b1, b2, R₂₁, R₂₂, b21, and b22 in Formulae 1A to 1D may be each independently understood by referring to descriptions thereof provided herein.

In some example embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4, but is not limited thereto:

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In Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4,

X₁may be selected from N(Ar₁), O, and S, and X₂may be selected from N(Ar₂), O, and S,

Ar₁and Ar₂may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-44,

and when X₁is N(Ar₁) and X₂is N(Ar₂), at least one of Ar₁and Ar₂is selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-22 to 6-43, and

R₂₁and R₂₂may be each independently selected from:

deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

For example, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of Compounds 1 to 64, but is not limited thereto:

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The condensed cyclic compound of embodiments of the present disclosure may include the compound represented by Formula 1, where X₁may be N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1, O (oxygen atom), or S (sulfur atom), and X₂may be N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, O, or S, provided that, when X₁is N-(L₁)_a1-(Ar₁)_b1and X₂is N-(L₂)_a2-(Ar₂)_b2, at least one of Ar₁and Ar₂may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. Accordingly, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may reliably hold the injected holes and electrons in a molecular structure. An organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may have excellent efficiency characteristics and a long lifespan.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be synthesized by using one or more suitable organic synthetic methods. A synthesis method of the condensed cyclic compound should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of example embodiments described below.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. For example, the condensed cyclic compound may be included in an emission layer. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, where the organic layer includes at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

The expression, “(the organic layer) includes at least one condensed cyclic compound” used herein may be interpreted as “(the organic layer) includes one condensed cyclic compound of Formula 1 or at least two different condensed cyclic compounds of Formula 1.”

For example, the organic layer may include only Compound 1 as the condensed cyclic compound. For example, Compound 1 may be present in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. Alternatively, the organic layer may include Compound 1 and Compound 2 as the condensed cyclic compounds. Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be present in the same layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may both be present in the emission layer).

A weight ratio of Compound 1 to Compound 2 may be from 1:9 to 9:1. In some example embodiments, the weight ratio of Compound 1 to Compound 2 may be from 5:5 to 7:3, but it is not limited thereto.

The organic layer may further include i) a hole transport region between the first electrode (e.g., an anode) and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode (e.g., a cathode), the electron transport region including at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer.

For example, the emission layer may include at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. In another example, the emission layer may include at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, and may further include a dopant. The condensed cyclic compound may serve as a host in the emission layer, and an amount of the condensed cyclic compound in the emission layer may be greater than that of the dopant in the emission layer.

The term “organic layer” used herein may refer to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. A material included in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

The drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device according to an example embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device according to an example embodiment will be described with reference to the drawing.

In the drawing, a substrate may be additionally positioned under the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass or transparent plastic substrate with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water-resistance.

For example, the first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming a first electrode on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming a first electrode may be selected from materials having a high work function so as to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming a first electrode may be a transparent and highly conductive material, non-limiting examples of which include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). Alternatively, in order to form the first electrode 110 that is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, at least one selected from magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used as the material for forming a first electrode.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

The organic layer 150 is positioned on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region positioned between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electron transport region positioned between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). However, example embodiments are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may have a single-layer structure formed of a single material, a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials or may have a structure of HIL/HTL, a structure of HIL/HTL/buffer layer, a structure of HIL/buffer layer, a structure of HTL/buffer layer, or a structure of HIL/HTL/EBL, wherein the layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110 in this stated order. However, the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

When the hole transport region includes an HIL, the HIL may be formed on the first electrode 110 by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or laser induced thermal imaging (LITI).

When the HIL is formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuum deposition, for example, may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸torr to about 10⁻³torr, and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec in consideration of a compound for forming the HIL to be deposited and the structure of the HIL to be formed.

When the HIL is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to about 200° C. in consideration of a compound for forming the HIL to be deposited and the structure of the HIL to be formed.

When the hole transport region includes an HTL, the HTL may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on the HIL by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the HTL is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the HTL may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the HIL.

The hole transport region may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the hole transport region may include an HTL, and the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the HTL.

Alternatively, the hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (Pani/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

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In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁to L₂₀₅may be each independently understood by referring to the description of L₁herein,

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and

R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁to L₂₀₅may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, and 2,

xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3, and

R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄may be each independently selected from:

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

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For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but is not limited thereto:

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The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A, but is not limited thereto:

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In Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L₂₀₁to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂to R₂₀₄may be each independently understood by referring to descriptions thereof provided herein, R₂₁₁and R₂₁₂may be each independently understood by referring to the description of R₂₀₃herein, and R₂₁₃to R₂₁₆may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each independently include any of Compounds HT1 to HT20, but are not limited thereto:

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A thickness of the hole transport region may range from about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. When the hole transport region includes an HIL and an HTL, a thickness of the HIL may range from about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, and a thickness of the HTL may range from about 50 Å to about 2000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the HIL, and the HTL are within any of these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or unhomogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and/or a cyano group-containing compound, but is not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include quinone derivatives such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), metal oxides such as tungsten oxide and/or a molybdenum oxide, and Compound HT-D1.

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The hole transport region may further include, in addition to an HIL and an HTL as described above, at least one selected from a buffer layer and an EBL. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, thereby improving the light-emission efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device. For use as a material included in the buffer layer, a material that may be included in the hole transport region may be used. The EBL may prevent or reduce the injection of electrons from the electron transport region.

The emission layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the emission layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the HIL.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, according to a sub pixel. Alternatively, the emission layer may have a structure in which a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer are stacked on one another or a structure in which a red-light emitting material, a green-light emitting material, and a blue-light emitting material are mixed with one another in a single layer, and thus may emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The host may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

The dopant may include at least one selected from a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401:

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In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (Tm),

X₄₀₁to X₄₀₄may be each independently nitrogen (N) or carbon (C),

ring A₄₀₁and ring A₄₀₂may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isooxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene,

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substituted naphthalene, substituted fluorene, substituted spiro-fluorene, substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiophene, substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole, substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substituted oxazole, substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine, substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline, substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substituted quinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazole, substituted benzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiophene, substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzoxazole, substituted isobenzoxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole, substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and substituted dibenzothiophene may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂), —Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇),

L₄₀₁may be an organic ligand,

xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3, and

xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

where Q₄₀₁to Q₄₀₇, Q₄₁₁to Q₄₁₇, and Q₄₂₁to Q₄₂₇may be each independently understood by referring to the description of Q₁herein.

L₄₀₁may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₁may be selected from a halogen ligand (for example, Cl and/or F), a diketone ligand (for example, acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, and/or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (for example, picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, and/or benzoate), a carbon monoxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorus ligand (for example, phosphine and/or phosphite), but is not limited thereto.

When A₄₀₁in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A₄₀₁may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When A₄₀₂in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A₄₀₂may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, a plurality of ligands in Formula 401

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may be identical to or different from each other. When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, A₄₀₁and/or A₄₀₂of one ligand may be respectively connected to A₄₀₁and/or A₄₀₂of other neighboring ligands directly (e.g., via a bond such as a single bond) or with a linker (for example, a C₁-C₅alkylene group, —N(R′)-(where R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀aryl group), and/or —C(═O)—) therebetween.

In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds PD1 to PD74, but is not limited thereto. As used herein, “Me” may refer to a methyl group, “Ph” may refer to a phenyl group, and “Bu^t” may refer to a tert-butyl group.

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Alternatively, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP:

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The fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPVBi, DPAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T.

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Alternatively, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

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In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁may be selected from a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (where Q₅₀₁to Q₅₀₃may be each independently selected from hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group),

L₅₀₁to L₅₀₃may be each independently understood by referring to the description of L₂₀₁herein,

R₅₀₁and R₅₀₂may be each independently selected from:

xd1 to xd3 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and

xd4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fluorescent dopant may be represented by at least one of Compounds FD1 to FD9:

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An amount of the dopant in the emission layer, may range from about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may range from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, from about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

An electron transport region may be positioned on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from an HBL, an ETL, and an EIL, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure of ETL/EIL or a structure of HBL/ETL/EIL, wherein the layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the emission layer in this stated order. However, the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto.

In some example embodiments, the organic layer 150 of the organic light-emitting device 10 may include an electron transport region positioned between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

When the electron transport region includes an HBL, the HBL may be formed on the emission layer by using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the HBL is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the HBL may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the HIL.

The HBL may include, for example, at least one selected from BCP and Bphen, but is not limited thereto.

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A thickness of the HBL may range from about 20 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the HBL is within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include an ETL. The ETL may be formed on the emission layer or on the HBL by using one or more various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the ETL is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the ETL may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the HIL.

The ETL may include at least one selected from a compound represented by Formula 601 and a compound represented by Formula 602.

Ar₆₀₁-[(L₆₀₁)_xe1-E₆₀₁]_xe2. Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (where Q₃₀₁to Q₃₀₃may be each independently hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group),

L₆₀₁may be understood by referring to the description of L₂₀₁herein,

E₆₀₁may be selected from:

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group,

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

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In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁may be N or C-(L₆₁₁)_xe611-R₆₁₁, X₆₁₂may be N or C-(L₆₁₂)_xe612-R₆₁₂, X₆₁₃may be N or C-(L₆₁₃)_xe613-R₆₁₃, and at least one of X₆₁₁to X₆₁₃may be N,

L₆₁₁to L₆₁₆may be each independently understood by referring to the description of L₁herein,

R₆₁₁to R₆₁₆may be each independently selected from:

xe611 to xe616 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and the compound represented by Formula 602 may be each independently selected from Compounds ET1 to ET15:

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In some embodiments, the ETL may include at least one selected from BCP, Bphen, Alq₃, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

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A thickness of the ETL may range from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the ETL is within any of these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The ETL may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) and/or ET-D2.

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The electron transport region may include an EIL which facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 190.

The EIL may be formed on the ETL by using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the EIL is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the EIL may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the HIL.

The EIL may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the EIL may range from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the EIL is within any of these ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 may be positioned on the organic layer 150 having the structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode. In this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function, such as a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of the material for forming the second electrode 190 include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, ITO and/or IZO may be used as the material for forming the second electrode 190. The second electrode 190 may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

Hereinabove the organic light-emitting device has been described above with reference to the drawing, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A C₁-C₆₀alkyl group used herein may refer to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀alkylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group used herein may refer to a monovalent group represented by -OA₁₀₁(where A₁₀₁is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group used herein may refer to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon double bond at one or more positions along a hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group (e.g., in the middle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group used herein may refer to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon triple bond at one or more positions along a hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group (e.g., in the middle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group used herein may refer to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group used herein may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group used herein may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in the ring thereof and does not have aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group used herein may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀aryl group used herein may refer to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀arylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and/or the C₆-C₆₀arylene group include two or more rings, the rings may be respectively fused (e.g., coupled) to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group used herein may refer to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. A C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and/or the C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group include two or more rings, the rings may be respectively fused (e.g., coupled) to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group used herein may refer to a monovalent group represented by -OA₁₀₂(where A₁₀₂is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group used herein may refer to a monovalent group represented by -SA₁₀₃(where A₁₀₃is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed (e.g., coupled or fused) to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms), and does not have overall aromaticity in the entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed (e.g., coupled or fused) to each other, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and carbon atoms (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and does not have overall aromaticity in the entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

where Q₁₁to Q₁₃, Q₂₁to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “Ph” used herein may refer to a phenyl group, the term “Me” used herein may refer to a methyl group, the term “Et” used herein may refer to an ethyl group, and the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^t” used herein may refer to a tert-butyl group.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to one or more example embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. The expression “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples below may refer to a molar equivalent of A being identical to a molar equivalent of B.

EXAMPLES
Synthesis Example 1
Synthesis of Compound 1
Synthesis of Intermediate 1

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5 g of Starting Material 1 was dissolved in 15 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 3.7 g (yield of 51.1%) of Intermediate 1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-Mass).

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 358.44 g/mol, measured value: 357 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 1

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10 g (0.0271 mol) of Intermediate 1, 5.08 g (1.2 eq) of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene, 0.27 g (0.03 eq, 0.007 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.74 g (1.1 eq, 0.0517 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.84 g (0.06 eq, 0.002 mmol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 120 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS).

Elemental Analysis for C₃₈H₂₄N₂S: calcd: C, 84.41; H, 4.47; N, 5.18; S, 5.93.

HRMS for C₃₈H₂₄N₂S [M]+: calcd: 540.68. found: 539.

Synthesis Example 2
Synthesis of Compound 3

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Compound 3 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 1, except that 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was used instead of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₈H₂₄N₂O: calcd: C, 87.00; H, 4.61; N, 5.34; 0, 3.05.

HRMS for C₃₈H₂₄N₂O [M]+: calcd: 524.62. found: 523.

Synthesis Example 3
Synthesis of Compound 5

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Compound 5 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 1, except that 3-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was used instead of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₄H₂₉N₃: calcd: C, 88.12; H, 4.87; N, 7.01.

HRMS for C₄₄H₂₉N₃[M]+: calcd: 599.74. found: 598.

Synthesis Example 4
Synthesis of Compound 16
Synthesis of Intermediate 2

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5 g of Starting Material 2 was dissolved in 15 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 4.1 g (yield of 71.4%) of Intermediate 2. The obtained compound was confirmed by GC-Mass.

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 299.39 g/mol, measured value: 298 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 16

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10 g (0.0271 mol) of Intermediate 2, 1.7 g (1.2 eq) of bromobenzene, 0.27 g (0.03 eq, 0.007 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.74 g (1.1 eq, 0.0517 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.84 g (0.06 eq, 0.002 mmol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 120 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 16. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₂₆H₁₇NS: calcd: C, 83.17; H, 4.56; N, 3.73; S, 8.54.

HRMS for C₂₆H₁₇NS [M]+: calcd: 375.49. found: 374.

Synthesis Example 5
Synthesis of Compound 18

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Compound 18 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 2-bromonaphthalene was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₀H₁₉NS: calcd: C, 84.67; H, 4.50; N, 3.29; S, 7.53.

HRMS for C₃₀H₁₉NS [M]+: calcd: 425.55. found: 424.

Synthesis Example 6
Synthesis of Compound 20

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Compound 20 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₂H₁₉NS₂: calcd: C, 79.80; H, 3.98; N, 2.91; S, 13.31.

HRMS for C₃₂H₁₉NS₂[M]+: calcd: 481.63. found: 480.

Synthesis Example 7
Synthesis of Compound 22

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Compound 22 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₂H₁₉NOS: calcd: C, 82.56; H, 4.11; N, 3.01; 0, 3.44; S, 6.89.

HRMS for C₃₂H₁₉NOS [M]+: calcd: 465.57. found: 464.

Synthesis Example 8
Synthesis of Compound 24

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Compound 24 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 3-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₈H₂₄N₂S: calcd: C, 84.41; H, 4.47; N, 5.18; S, 5.93.

HRMS for C₃₈H₂₄N₂S [M]+: calcd: 540.68. found: 539.

Synthesis Example 9
Synthesis of Compound 25
Synthesis of Intermediate 3

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5 g of Starting Material 3 was dissolved in 15 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 3.7 g (yield of 62%) of Intermediate 3. The obtained compound was confirmed by GC-Mass.

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 283.33 g/mol, measured value: 282 g/mol).

Synthesis of Compound 25

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10 g (0.0271 mol) of Intermediate 3, 1.5 g (1.2 eq) of bromobenzene, 0.27 g (0.03 eq, 0.007 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.74 g (1.1 eq, 0.0517 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.84 g (0.06 eq, 0.002 mmol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 120 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 25. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₂₆H₁₇NO: calcd: C, 86.88; H, 4.77; N, 3.90; 0, 4.45.

HRMS for C₂₆H₁₇NO [M]+: calcd: 359.43. found: 358.

Synthesis Example 10
Synthesis of Compound 31

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Compound 31 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 25, except that 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₂H₁₉NO₂: calcd: C, 85.50; H, 4.26; N, 3.12; 0, 7.12.

HRMS for C₃₂H₁₉NO₂[M]+: calcd: 449.51. found: 448.

Synthesis Example 11
Synthesis of Compound 33

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Compound 33 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 25, except that 3-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₈H₂₄N₂O: calcd: C, 87.00; H, 4.61; N, 5.34; 0, 3.05.

HRMS for C₃₈H₂₄N₂O [M]+: calcd: 524.62. found: 523.

Synthesis Example 12
Synthesis of Compound 34

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Compound 34 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 1, except that 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine was used instead of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₁H₂₇N₅: calcd: C, 83.51; H, 4.62; N, 11.88.

HRMS for C₄₁H₂₇N₅[M]+: calcd: 589.70. found: 588.

Synthesis Example 13
Synthesis of Compound 37
Synthesis of Intermediate 4

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5 g of Starting Material 4 was dissolved in 20 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 3.2 g (yield of 51%) of Intermediate 4. The obtained compound was confirmed by GC-Mass.

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 513.20 g/mol, measured value: 512 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 37

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10 g (0.0097 mol) of Intermediate 4, 4.8 g (1.2 eq) of 1-bromodibenzothiophene, 0.27 g (0.03 eq, 0.003 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.74 g (1.1 eq, 0.0106 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.84 g (0.06 eq, 0.006 mmol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 120 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 37. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₇H₂₉N₅S calcd: C, 81.13; H, 4.20; N, 10.06; S, 4.61.

HRMS for C₄₇H₂₉N₅S [M]+: calcd: 695.84. found: 694.

Synthesis Example 14
Synthesis of Compound 40
Synthesis of Intermediate 5

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5 g of Starting Material 5 was dissolved in 15 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 2.2 g (yield of 43%) of Intermediate 5. The obtained compound was confirmed by GC-Mass.

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 448.53 g/mol, measured value: 447 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 40

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10 g (0.0271 mol) of Intermediate 5, 4.8 g (1.2 eq) of 2-bromoquinazoline, 0.27 g (0.03 eq, 0.007 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.74 g (1.1 eq, 0.0517 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.84 g (0.06 eq, 0.002 mmol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 120 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 40. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₀H₂₄N₄O calcd: C, 83.31; H, 4.20; N, 9.72; 0, 2.77.

HRMS for C₄₀H₂₄N₄O [M]+: calcd: 576.66. found: 575.

Synthesis Example 15
Synthesis of Compound 41
Synthesis of Intermediate 6

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5 g of Starting Material 6 was dissolved in 20 g of triethylphosphite and then reflux-stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, unreacted triethylphosphite was removed therefrom by vacuum distillation, and column chromatography was performed thereon using hexane and methylenechloride (MC) at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v) to obtain 2.7 g (yield of 48.7%) of Intermediate 6. The obtained compound was confirmed by GC-Mass.

GC-Mass (theoretical value: 409.49 g/mol, measured value: 408 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 41

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10 g (0.0122 mol) of Intermediate 6, 4.72 g (1.2 eq) of 3-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole, 0.33 g (0.03 eq, 0.0003 mol) of Pd₂(dba)₃, 3.21 g (1.1 eq, 0.0134 mol) of Na(t-bu)O, and 0.86 g (0.06 eq, 0.0006 mol) of P(t-Bu)₃were added to a flask and then dissolved in 100 ml of toluene. The mixture was heat-stirred for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. An extraction process was performed thereon by using MC, and the result was washed with distilled water. After the mixture was dried using magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and distilled under reduced pressure, a residue was separated therefrom by using column chromatography to obtain Compound 41. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₇H₃₀N₄calcd: C, 86.74; H, 4.65; N, 8.61.

HRMS for C₄₇H₃₀N₄[M]+: calcd: 650.25. found: 649.

Synthesis Example 16
Synthesis of Compound 42

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Compound 42 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₅H₂₂N₄S: calcd: C, 79.22; H, 4.18; N, 10.56; S, 6.04.

HRMS for C₃₅H₂₂N₄S [M]+: calcd: 530.16. found: 529.

Synthesis Example 17
Synthesis of Compound 45

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Compound 45 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 2-bromoquinazoline was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₂₈H₂₇N₃S: calcd: C, 78.66; H, 4.01; N, 9.83; S, 7.50.

HRMS for C₂₈H₂₇N₃S [M]+: calcd: 427.53. found: 426.

Synthesis Example 18
Synthesis of Compound 46

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Compound 46 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 4-bromoisoquinoline was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₂₉H₁₈N₂S: calcd: C, 81.66; H, 4.25; N, 6.57; S, 7.52.

HRMS for C₂₉H₁₈N₂S [M]+: calcd: 426.12. found: 425.

Synthesis Example 19
Synthesis of Compound 47

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Compound 47 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 25, except that 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₅H₂₂N₄O: calcd: C, 81.69; H, 4.31; N, 10.89; 0, 3.11.

HRMS for C₃₅H₂₂N₄O [M]+: calcd: 514.18. found: 513.

Synthesis Example 20
Synthesis of Compound 50

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Compound 50 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 25, except that 2-bromoquinazoline was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₅H₂₂N₄O: calcd: C, 81.73; H, 4.16; N, 10.21; 0, 3.89.

HRMS for C₃₅H₂₂N₄O [M]+: calcd: 411.14. found: 410.

Synthesis Example 21
Synthesis of Compound 55

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Compound 55 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 1, except that 5-bromo-2,2′-bipyridine was used instead of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₆H₂₄N₄: calcd: C, 84.35; H, 4.72; N, 10.93.

HRMS for C₃₆H₂₄N₄[M]+: calcd: 512.20. found: 511.

Synthesis Example 22
Synthesis of Compound 56

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Compound 56 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 1, except that 2-bromoquinazoline was used instead of 4-bromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₄H₂₂N₄: calcd: C, 83.93; H, 4.56; N, 11.51.

HRMS for C₃₄H₂₂N₄[M]+: calcd: 486.58. found: 485.

Synthesis Example 23
Synthesis of Compound 59

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Compound 59 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 16, except that 5-bromo-2,2′-bipyridine was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₀H₁₉N₃S: calcd: C, 79.44; H, 4.22; N, 9.26; S, 7.07.

HRMS for C₃₀H₁₉N₃S [M]+: calcd: 453.13. found: 452.

Synthesis Example 24
Synthesis of Compound 63

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Compound 63 was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as used to synthesize Compound 25, except that 5-bromo-2,2′-bipyridine was used instead of bromobenzene. The obtained compound was confirmed by Elemental Analysis and HRMS.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₀H₁₉N₃O: calcd: C, 82.36; H, 4.38; N, 9.60; 0, 3.66.

HRMS for C₃₀H₁₉N₃O [M]+: calcd: 437.15. found: 436.

Example 1

A 15 Ω/cm²(1200 Å) ITO glass substrate (available from Corning Co., Ltd) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes in each solvent, cleaned with ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes, and then ozone, and was mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

Compound 2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on an ITO anode of the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer (HIL) having a thickness of about 600 Å. Then, Compound NPB was vacuum-deposited on the HIL to form a hole transport layer (HTL) having a thickness of about 300 Å, thereby forming a hole transport region.

Compound 1 (as a host), and PD1 (as a dopant), were co-deposited on the hole transport region at a weight ratio of about 85:15, thereby forming an emission layer having a thickness of about 300 Å.

ET1 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer (ETL) having a thickness of about 300 Å. Then, LiF was deposited on the ETL to form an electron injection layer (EIL) having a thickness of about 10 Å, thereby forming an electron transport region.

Aluminum (Al) was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport region to form a cathode having a thickness of about 1200 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device

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Example 2

An organic light-emitting device of Example 2 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 3 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device of Example 3 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 5 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device of Example 4 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 16 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device of Example 5 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 18 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device of Example 6 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 20 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device of Example 7 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 22 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device of Example 8 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 24 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 9

An organic light-emitting device of Example 9 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 25 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 10

An organic light-emitting device of Example 10 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 31 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 11

An organic light-emitting device of Example 11 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 33 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 12

An organic light-emitting device of Example 12 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 34 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 13

An organic light-emitting device of Example 13 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 40 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 14

An organic light-emitting device of Example 14 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 45 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Example 15

An organic light-emitting device of Example 15 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 56 was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

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Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that Compound B was used as a host instead of Compound 1 to form an emission layer.

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Evaluation Example 1

The efficiency and lifespan (T₉₅) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured by using Keithley SMU 236 and luminance meter PR650 (Photo Research, Inc.), and results thereof are shown in Table 1. The lifespan (T₉₅) is a period of time that lapses until the luminance of an organic light-emitting device is reduced to 95% of the initial luminance.

TABLE 1

Emission Layer
Efficiency
Lifespan (T₉₅)

Host
Dopant
(cd/A)
(5000 nit)

Example 1
Compound 1
PD1
45
943

Example 2
Compound 3
PD1
49.5
921

Example 3
Compound 5
PD1
50.2
991

Example 4
Compound 16
PD1
41.5
937

Example 5
Compound 18
PD1
43.9
911

Example 6
Compound 20
PD1
46.1
956

Example 7
Compound 22
PD1
45.7
971

Example 8
Compound 24
PD1
48.2
923

Example 9
Compound 25
PD1
49.6
970

Example 10
Compound 31
PD1
48.5
921

Example 11
Compound 33
PD1
45.9
943

Example 12
Compound 34
PD1
47.2
937

Example 13
Compound 40
PD1
49.1
912

Example 14
Compound 45
PD1
52.7
887

Example 15
Compound 56
PD1
43.9
911

Comparative
Compound A
PD1
39.8
456

Example 1

Comparative
Compound B
PD1
40.1
841

Example 2

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From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 15 had a higher efficiency and a longer lifespan than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

Example 16

Compound 34 (as a host), and PD16 (as a dopant), were co-deposited on the hole transport region at a weight ratio of about 95:5, thereby forming an emission layer having a thickness of about 200 Å.

Aluminum (Al) was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport region to form a cathode having a thickness of about 1200 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

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Example 17

An organic light-emitting device of Example 17 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 37 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 18

An organic light-emitting device of Example 18 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 40 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 19

An organic light-emitting device of Example 19 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 41 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 20

An organic light-emitting device of Example 20 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 42 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 21

An organic light-emitting device of Example 21 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 45 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 22

An organic light-emitting device of Example 22 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 46 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 23

An organic light-emitting device of Example 23 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 47 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 24

An organic light-emitting device of Example 24 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 50 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 25

An organic light-emitting device of Example 25 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 55 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 26

An organic light-emitting device of Example 26 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 56 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 27

An organic light-emitting device of Example 27 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 59 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 28

An organic light-emitting device of Example 28 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound 63 was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Comparative Example 3

An organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example 3 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound A was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

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Comparative Example 4

An organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example 4 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 16, except that Compound B was used as a host instead of Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

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Evaluation Example 2

The efficiency and lifespan (T₉₅) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 16 to 28 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were measured by using Keithley SMU 236 and luminance meter PR650, and results thereof are shown in Table 2. The lifespan (T₉₅) is a period of time that lapses until the luminance of an organic light-emitting device is reduced to 95% of the initial luminance.

TABLE 2

Emission Layer
Efficiency
Lifespan (T₉₅)

Host
Dopant
(cd/A)
(3700 nit)

Example 16
Compound 34
PD16
18.2
761

Example 17
Compound 37
PD16
18.3
791

Example 18
Compound 40
PD16
19.0
743

Example 19
Compound 41
PD16
19.2
699

Example 20
Compound 42
PD16
21.9
804

Example 21
Compound 45
PD16
22.0
821

Example 22
Compound 46
PD16
17.9
897

Example 23
Compound 47
PD16
18.8
853

Example 24
Compound 50
PD16
20.1
821

Example 25
Compound 55
PD16
20.4
882

Example 26
Compound 56
PD16
22
823

Example 27
Compound 59
PD16
21.4
822

Example 28
Compound 63
PD16
19.8
861

Comparative
Compound A
PD16
16.5
664

Example 3

Comparative
Compound B
PD16
15.7
684

Example 4

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From the results shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 16 to 28 had a higher efficiency and a longer lifespan than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 3 and 4.

Example 29

Compound 1 and Compound 34 (at a weight ratio of 7:3) (as hosts), and PD1 (as a dopant), were co-deposited on the hole transport region at a weight ratio of about 85:15, thereby forming an emission layer having a thickness of about 300 Å.

Aluminum (Al) was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport region to form a cathode having a thickness of about 1200 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 30

An organic light-emitting device of Example 30 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 3 and Compound 37 (at a weight ratio of 5:5) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 31

An organic light-emitting device of Example 31 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 5 and Compound 40 (at a weight ratio of 5:5) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 32

An organic light-emitting device of Example 32 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 16 and Compound 41 (at a weight ratio of 6:4) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 33

An organic light-emitting device of Example 33 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 18 and Compound 42 (at a weight ratio of 5:5) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 34

An organic light-emitting device of Example 34 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 20 and Compound 45 (at a weight ratio of 6:4) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 35

An organic light-emitting device of Example 35 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 22 and Compound 47 (at a weight ratio of 5:5) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 36

An organic light-emitting device of Example 36 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 24 and Compound 50 (at a weight ratio of 6:4) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 37

An organic light-emitting device of Example 37 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 25 and Compound 55 (at a weight ratio of 5:5) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Example 38

An organic light-emitting device of Example 38 was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 29, except that Compound 33 and Compound 56 (at a weight ratio of 6:4) were respectively used as hosts instead of Compound 1 and Compound 34 to form an emission layer.

Evaluation Example 3

The efficiency and lifespan (T₉₅) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 29 to 38 were measured by using Keithley SMU 236 and luminance meter PR650, and results thereof are shown in Table 3. The lifespan (T₉₅) is a period of time that lapses until the luminance of an organic light-emitting device is reduced to 95% of the initial luminance.

TABLE 3

Emission Layer

Lifespan

Weight Ratio
Efficiency
(T₉₅)

Host 1
Host 2
(Host 1:Host 2)
(cd/A)
(5000 nit)

Example 29
Compound 1
Compound 34
7:3
56.1
1240

Example 30
Compound 3
Compound 37
5:5
57.4
1140

Example 31
Compound 5
Compound 40
5:5
49.1
1260

Example 32
Compound 16
Compound 41
6:4
52.7
1150

Example 33
Compound 18
Compound 42
5:5
59.3
1321

Example 34
Compound 20
Compound 45
6:4
54.1
1246

Example 35
Compound 22
Compound 47
5:5
53.7
1157

Example 36
Compound 24
Compound 50
6:4
55.3
1197

Example 37
Compound 25
Compound 55
5:5
54.9
1168

Example 38
Compound 33
Compound 56
6:4
55.7
1201

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From the results shown Table 3, it can be seen that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 29 to 38 had a high efficiency and a long lifespan.

According to one or more example embodiments, an organic light-emitting device including the above-described condensed cyclic compound may have a low driving voltage, a high efficiency, a high luminance, and a long lifespan.

As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” “at least one selected from,” and “one selected from,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

In addition, as used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein. All such ranges are intended to be inherently described in this specification such that amending to expressly recite any such subranges would comply with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. §112(a) and 35 U.S.C. §132(a).

It should be understood that example embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each example embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other example embodiments.

While one or more example embodiments have been described with reference to the drawing, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims and equivalents thereof.

CONDENSED CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

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