Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0114548, filed on Aug. 13, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present disclosure relates to a condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and short response times. In addition, the OLEDs exhibit excellent luminance, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and produce full-color images.

A typical organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be disposed between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.

Different types of organic light emitting devices are known. However, there still remains a need in OLEDs having low driving voltage, high efficiency, high brightness, and long lifespan.

SUMMARY

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments.

According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, provided is a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, in Formula 1,

X₁may be selected from a single bond, O, S, N(R₁₁) and C(R₁₂)(R₁₃),

X₂may be O or S,

ring A₁to ring A₄may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a C₂-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

ring A₅may be selected from a benzene, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, a pyridazine and a triazine,

R₁to R₆and R₁₁to R₁₃may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₄)(Q₅) and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

a1 may be an integer of 1 to 4,

a2 to a6 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 4,

L₁may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyridazinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyridazinylene group and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀),

b1 may be an integer of 1 to 3,

n may be an integer of 0 to 3,

the number of cyano groups in Formula 1 may be 1, 2, 3 or 4,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, substituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅) and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇), and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇),

Q₁to Q₁₀, Q₁₁to Q₁₇, Q₂₁to Q₂₇and Q₃₁to Q₃₇may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, provided is an organic light-emitting device including:

a first electrode;

a second electrode; and

an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,

wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present exemplary embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present inventive concept. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

According to an aspect, provided is a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

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X₁in Formula 1 may be selected from a single bond, O, S, N(R₁₁) and C(R₁₂)(R₁₃), and X₂may be O or S. Descriptions of R₁₁to R₁₃may be understood by referring to the descriptions below.

According to an embodiment, X₁in Formula 1 may be a single bond, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

Ring A₁to ring A₄in Formula 1 may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a C₂-C₆₀heterocyclic group.

For example, ring A₁to ring A₄in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a benzene, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, a pyridazine, a naphthalene, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, an indene, an indole, a benzofuran, a benzothiophene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene.

According to an embodiment, ring A₁to ring A₄in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a benzene, a benzofuran, a benzothiophene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene.

In some embodiments, ring A₁to ring A₄in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene.

In some embodiments, ring A₁to ring A₄in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene, at least one of ring A₁and ring A₂may be a benzene, and at least one of ring A₃and ring A₄may be a benzene.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, ring A₁and ring A₂may be each independently selected from a benzene, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene; ring A₃and ring A₄may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene; at least one of ring A₁and ring A₂may be a benzene; and at least one of ring A₃and ring A₄may be a benzene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

Ring A₅in Formula 1 may be selected from a benzene, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, a pyridazine and a triazine. For example, ring A₅may be a benzene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

R₁to R₆and R₁₁to R₁₃in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₄)(Q₅) and —B(Q₆)(Q₇).

For example, R₁to R₆and R₁₁to R₁₃in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from

a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group and an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₂₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₂₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁to Q₃and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group a phthalazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group and a quinazolinyl group.

According to an embodiment, R₁to R₆and R₁₁to R₁₃in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁to Q₃and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and a triazinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, R₁to R₆and R₁₁to R₁₃in Formula 1 may be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a cyano group;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁to Q₃and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group.

a1 in Formula 1 denotes the number of R_1(s)and may be an integer of 1 to 4. When a1 is 2 or more, two or more R_1(s)may be the same or different. Descriptions of a2 to a6 may be understood by referring to the description of a1 and Formula 1.

a1 in Formula 1 may be an integer of 1 to 4 and a2 to a6 in Formula 1 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. For example, a1 in Formula 1 may be 1, 2 or 3 and a2 to a6 in Formula 1 may each independently be 0, 1, 2 or 3.

L₁in Formula 1 may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyridazinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

For example, L₁in Formula 1 may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀),

wherein Q₈to Q₁₀may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

According to an embodiment, L₁in Formula 1 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-40:

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In Formulae 3-1 to 3-40,

Z₁may be selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀) (for example, a hydrogen, a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀)),

Q₈to Q₁₀may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group,

d4 may be an integer of 0 to 4,

d3 may be an integer of 0 to 3,

d2 may be an integer of 0 to 2, and

each of * and *′ is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

According to an embodiment, at least one of groups L₁in the number of b1 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-15 to 3-40.

In some embodiments, all of groups L₁in the number of b1 may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-15 to 3-40.

b1 in Formula 1 denotes the number of groups L₁and may be integer of 1 to 3. When b1 is 2 or more, two or more groups L₁may be the same or different.

According to an embodiment, a group represented by *-(L₁)_b1-*′ in Formula 1 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-39:

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In Formula 4-1 to 4-39,

X₂₁may be N or C(Z₂₁), X₂₂may be N or C(Z₂₂), X₂₃may be N or C(Z₂₃), X₂₄may be N or C(Z₂₄), X₃₁may be N or C(Z₃₁), X₃₂may be N or C(Z₃₂), X₃₃may be N or C(Z₃₃), X₃₄may be N or C(Z₃₄), X₄₁may be N or C(Z₄₁), X₄₂may be N or C(Z₄₂), X₄₃may be N or C(Z₄₃), X₄₄may be N or C(Z₄₄), provided that all of X₂₁to X₂₄are not N, provided that all of X₃₁to X₃₄are not N, and provided that all of X₄₁to X₄₄are not N,

Z₂₁to Z₂₄, Z₃₁to Z₃₄, and Z₄₁to Z₄₄may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(C)₁₀) (for example, a hydrogen, a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀)),

Q₈to Q₁₀may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, and

each of * and *′ is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-39, X₂₁may be C(Z₂₁), X₂₂may be C(Z₂₂), X₂₃may be C(Z₂₃), X₂₄may be C(Z₂₄), X₃₁may be C(Z₃₁), X₃₂may be C(Z₃₂), X₃₃may be C(Z₃₃), X₃₄may be C(Z₃₄), X₄₁may be C(Z₄₁), X₄₂may be C(Z₄₂), X₄₃may be C(Z₄₃), and X₄₄may be C(Z₄₄).

In some embodiments, one of X₂₁to X₂₄in Formulae 4-1 to 4-3 may be N, and the others thereof may not be N.

n in Formula 1 denotes the number of groups represented by *-(L₁)_b1-(R₆)_a6and may be an integer of 0 to 3. For example, n in Formula 1 may be 0 or 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The number of cyano groups in Formula 1 may be 1, 2, 3 or 4. For example, the number of cyano groups in Formula 1 may be 1 or 2, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

When the number of cyano groups in Formula 1 is 1, a cyano group in Formula 1 may be included in one of ring A₂, ring A₃, ring A₄, ring A₅, groups L₁in the number of b1 and groups R₆in the number of a6.

When the number of cyano groups in Formula 1 is 2, cyano groups in Formula 1 may be included in two of ring A₂, ring A₃, ring A₄, ring A₅, L₁in the number of b1 and R₆in the number of a6.

According to an embodiment, in Formula 1,

one to four of groups R₂in the number of a2 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to four of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₄in the number of a4 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₅in the number of a5 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group; or

i) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group.

Detailed examples of “a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group” as described herein may include a phenyl group substituted with at least one cyano group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulae 1A to 1H:

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In Formulae 1A to 1H, 2A and 2B,

descriptions of X₁, X₂, ring A₁, ring A₂, ring A₅, R₁to R₆, a1 to a6, L₁, b1 and n are the same as described herein,

ring A₃may be selected from a benzene, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, a pyridazine, an indene, an indole, a benzofuran, a benzothiophene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene,

ring A₆may be represented by Formula 2A,

ring A₇may be represented by Formula 2B,

X₄may be selected from O, S, N(R_4c) and C(R_4d)(R_4e),

descriptions of R_4ato R_4eare the same as the description of R₄,

aa4 may be an integer of 0 to 3, and

ab4 may be an integer of 0 to 2.

According to an embodiment, in Formulae 1A to 1H,

X₁may be a single bond,

ring A₁and ring A₂may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene, and at least one of ring A₁and ring A₂may be a benzene,

ring A₃in Formulae 1A to 1D may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene, and ring A₃in Formulae 1E to 1H may be a benzene,

ring A₅may be a benzene,

R₁to R₆and R_4ato R_4emay be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a cyano group;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group;

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

a1 may be an integer of 1 to 3,

a2 to a6 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

aa4 and ab4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 2,

L₁may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

b1 may be 1 or 2, and

n may be 0 or 1,

wherein Q₁to Q₃, Q₃₁to Q₃₃, and Q₈to Q₁₀may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group.

In Formulae 1A to 1H,

one to three of groups R₂in the number a2 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one to three of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₅in the number of a5 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one or two of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one or two of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group; or

i) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one or two of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group.

For example, a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-19:

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In Formulae 1-1 to 1-19,

descriptions of X₁, X₂, ring A₅, R₁to R₆, a1 to a6, L₁, b1 and n are the same as described herein,

X₃may be selected from O, S, N(R_3c) and C(R_3d)(R_3e),

X₄may be selected from O, S, N(R_4c) and C(R_4d)(R_4e),

X₅may be selected from O, S, N(R_2c) and C(R_2d)(R_2e),

descriptions of R_2ato R_2eare the same as the description of R₂,

descriptions of R_3ato R_3eare the same as the description of R₃,

descriptions of R_4ato R_4eare the same as the description of R₄,

aa2 and aa3 may be an integer of 0 to 2,

ab2 and ab3 may be an integer of 0 to 4,

aa4 may be an integer of 0 to 3, and

ab4 may be an integer of 0 to 2.

According to an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-19,

X₁may be a single bond,

X₃may be selected from O, S, N(R_3c) and C(R_3d)(R_3e),

X₄may be selected from O, S, N(R_4c) and C(R_4d)(R_4e),

X₅may be O or S,

ring A₅may be a benzene,

R₁to R₆, R_2ato R_2e, R_3ato R_3e, and R_4ato R_4emay be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a cyano group, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group;

C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a cyano group;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group;

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

a1 may be an integer of 1 to 3,

a2 to a6 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

L₁may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

b1 may be 1 or 2,

n may be 0 or 1, and

Q₁to Q₃, Q₃₁to Q₃₃, and Q₈to Q₁₀may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group.

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-19,

one to three of groups R₂in the number of a2 (or, one to three of groups R_2bin the number of ab2) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₃in the number of a3 (or, one to three of groups R_3bin the number of ab3) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one to three of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

one to three of groups R₅in the number of a5 may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 (or, one or two of groups R_2bin the number of ab2) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₅in the number of a5 and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 (or, one or two of groups R_3bin the number of ab3) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 (or, one or two of groups R_2bin the number of ab2) and ii) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 (or, one or two of groups R_3bin the number of ab3) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group;

i) one or two of groups R₂in the number of a2 (or, one or two of groups R_2bin the number of ab2) and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one or two of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group; or

i) one or two of groups R₃in the number of a3 (or, one or two of groups R_3bin the number of ab3) and ii) one or two of groups R₄in the number of a4 (or, one or two of groups R_4ain the number of aa4) may be each independently a cyano group or a cyano group-substituted C₆-C₁₀aryl group.

In some embodiments, a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formulae 1(1) to 1(12):

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Descriptions of X₁, X₂, ring A₁to ring A₅, R₁to R₆, L₁, b1 and n in Formulae 1(1) to 1(12) are the same as described herein, a1 may be an integer of 1 to 3 and a2 to a6 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3.

For example, in Formulae 1(1) to 1(12),

X₁may be a single bond,

ring A₁and ring A₂may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene, and at least one of ring A₁and ring A₂may be a benzene,

ring A₃and ring A₄may be each independently selected from a benzene, a fluorene, a carbazole, a dibenzofuran and a dibenzothiophene, and at least one of ring A₃and ring A₄may be a benzene,

ring A₅may be a benzene,

R₁to R₆may be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

L₁may be selected from

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group and —Si(Q₈)(Q₉)(Q₁₀),

b1 may be 1 or 2,

n may be 0 or 1, and

The condensed cyclic compound may be one of Compounds 1 to 482 below, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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“Ring A” in the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 (see Formula 1′ below) is linked to ring A₅via “N”, and “Ring B” is linked to a carbon atom of ring A₅, which is linked to “N” of “Ring A”, in an ortho-position. In this regard, a conjugation length of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 shortens, and thus the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 can have a high triplet energy level. As a result, while not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a triplet (T₁) energy level suitable for an electronic device, for example, a material of an organic light-emitting device (for example, a material for a host of an emission layer).

X₂of “Ring B” in Formula 1 is O or S, and the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 cyano groups as a substituent. Thus, electric characteristics (for example, HOMO, LUMO energy level, etc.) of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be easily controlled to improve electric charge (for example, electron) mobility. The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 has 1, 2, 3 or 4 cyano groups as a substituent and thus, has an excellent heat resistance. As a result, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 can have a HOMO/LUMO energy level suitable for an electronic device, for example, a material for an organic light-emitting device (for example, a material for a host of an emission layer, and a common layer), and can have a long lifespan.

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For example, HOMO, LUMO, T₁and S₁energy levels of Compounds 3, 4, 9, 16, 28, 408, 409, 413, 415, 421, 423, 424, 429, 437, 450, 459, B and C may be structurally optimized at a level of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) by using a density functional theory (DFT) method of a Gaussian program and evaluated by simulation. The results thereof are shown in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1

Compound No.
HOMO (eV)
LUMO (eV)
T₁(eV)
S₁(eV)

Compound 3
−5.624
−1.798
2.964
3.194

Compound 4
−5.544
−1.636
3.096
3.202

Compound 9
−5.483
−1.433
3.126
3.529

Compound 16
−5.669
−1.793
3.079
3.176

Compound 28
−5.560
−1.657
3.048
3.202

Compound 408
−5.920
−1.606
3.119
3.900

Compound 409
−5.958
−1.903
3.119
3.393

Compound 413
−5.491
−1.685
2.950
3.121

Compound 415
−5.490
−1.873
2.921
2.989

Compound 421
−5.429
−1.694
3.000
3.172

Compound 423
−5.463
−1.837
2.912
3.060

Compound 424
−5.378
−1.681
3.004
3.065

Compound 429
−5.441
−1.827
2.943
2.995

Compound 437
−5.426
−1.694
2.969
3.100

Compound 450
−5.494
−1.569
2.951
3.245

Compound 459
−5.472
−1.714
2.988
3.082

Compound B
−5.175
−1.278
2.599
3.351

Compound C
−5.543
−1.811
2.912
3.271

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A method of synthesizing the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples described below.

In this regard, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be suitable to be used as a material for an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, a host for an emission layer in the organic layer. According to another aspect, the organic light-emitting device may include:

a first electrode;

a second electrode; and

an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,

wherein the organic layer includes the emission layer and at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

The organic light-emitting device includes the organic layer including the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, thereby having low driving voltage, high efficiency and long lifespan.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device. For example, the condensed cyclic compound may be included in at least one selected from:

i) an emission layer,

ii) a hole transport region disposed between a first electrode and an emission layer (for example, at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer is included in the hole transport region), and

iii) an electron transport region disposed between an emission layer and a second electrode (for example, at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer is included in the electron transport region).

For example, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. Here, the condensed cyclic compound included in the emission layer may serve as a host, and the emission layer may further include a dopant (a fluorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant or a delayed fluorescent dopant). The emission layer may be a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer respectively emitting red light, green light or blue light. According to an embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer, the emission layer may further include a phosphorescent dopant, and the emission layer may emit blue light.

The expression as used herein “(an organic layer) includes at least one condensed cyclic compound” may be understood as “(organic layer) may include one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 or two or more different condensed cyclic compounds represented by Formula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may include only Compound 1 as the condensed cyclic compound. In this regard, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. Alternatively, the organic layer may include Compound 1 and Compound 2 as the condensed cyclic compounds. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be included in the same layer (for example, both Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be included in the emission layer), or in different layers.

The first electrode may be anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. Alternatively, the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

For example, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region includes at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region includes at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.

As used herein, the term the “organic layer” refers to a single and/or a plurality of layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode in an organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include not only organic compounds but also organometallic complexes including metals.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, a structure and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which are sequentially layered in the stated order.

A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19. The substrate may be a conventional substrate that is used in an organic light-emitting device, such as glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

The first electrode 11 may be formed by vacuum-depositing or sputtering a material for forming a first electrode on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function so as to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for the first electrode 11 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). Alternatively, a metal such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used herein.

The first electrode 11 may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a triple-layer structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The organic layer 15 is disposed on the first electrode 11.

The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

The hole transport region may be disposed between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, and buffer layer.

The hole transport region may only include a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. Alternatively, the hole transport region may include a structure in which a hole injection layer/a hole transport layer or a hole injection layer/a hole transport layer/an electron blocking layer are sequentially layered on the first electrode 11.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using various methods such as vacuum-deposition, spin coating, casting, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method.

When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum-deposition, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, for example, the vacuum-deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree in a range of about 10⁻⁸to about 10⁻³torr, and at a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm, and at a temperature in a range of about 80° C. to 200° C. for removing a solvent after the spin coating, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The conditions for forming a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, a spiro-TPD, a spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (Pani/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:

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Ar₁₀₁and Ar₁₀₂in Formula 201 may be each independently selected from

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

xa and xb in Formula 201 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5, or may be 0, 1 or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb may be 0, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

R₁₀₁to R₁₀₈, R₁₁₁to R₁₁₉and R₁₂₁to R₁₂₄in Formulae 201 and 202 may be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, a hexyl group, etc.) and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, butoxy group, a pentoxy group, etc.);

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group and a pyrenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group and a pyrenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group,

but embodiments are not limited thereto.

R₁₀₉in Formula 201 may be selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group and a pyridinyl group.

According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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Descriptions of R₁₀₁, R₁₁₁, R₁₁₂and R₁₀₉in Formula 201A are the same as described herein.

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include Compounds HT1 to HT20, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the mentioned materials above, a charge-generating material to improve conductive properties. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed throughout the hole transport region.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide; and a compound containing a cyano group, such as Compound HT-D1 and HP-1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

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The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer.

The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer to improve the efficiency of an organic light-emitting device.

An emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by using various methods, such as vacuum-deposition, spin coating, casting, or an LB method. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum-deposition or spin coating, vacuum-deposition and coating conditions for the emission layer may be generally similar to the conditions for forming a hole injection layer, though the conditions may vary depending on the compound used.

The hole transport region may further include an electron blocking layer. The electron blocking layer may include a known material, for example, mCP, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

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When the organic light-emitting device is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. Alternatively, the emission layer may have a structure in which the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and/or the blue emission layer are layered to emit white light or other various embodiments are possible.

The emission layer may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the host may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

A dopant in the emission layer may include at least one selected from a fluorescent dopant emitting light according to fluorescence emission mechanism, a phosphorescent dopant emitting light according to phosphorescence emission mechanism, and a delayed fluorescent dopant emitting light according to thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

According to an embodiment, a dopant in the emission layer may be a phosphorescent dopant, and the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 81:

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In Formula 81,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) and thulium (Tm),

Y₁to Y₄may each independently be carbon (C) or nitrogen (N),

Y₁and Y₂may be linked to each other by a single bond or a double bond, and Y₃and Y₄may be linked to each other by a single bond or a double bond,

CY₁and CY₂may each independently be a benzene, a naphthalene, a fluorene, a spiro-bifluorene, an indene, a pyrrole, a thiophene, a furan, an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, an oxazole, an isooxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, a pyridazine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a carbazole, a benzoimidazole, a benzofuran, a benzothiophene, an isobenzothiophene, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine, a dibenzofuran or a dibenzothiophene, and CY₁and CY₂may be optionally further linked to each other by an organic linking group,

R₈₁and R₈₂may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF₅, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅) and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

a81 and a82 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5,

n81 may be integer of 0 to 4,

n82 may be 1, 2 or 3, and

L₈₁may be a monovalent organic ligand, a divalent organic ligand or a trivalent organic ligand. Q₁to Q₇may have the same definitions as Q₁to Q₃in —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) in Formula 1.

Descriptions of R₈₁and R₈₂may be the same as the description of R₁₁provided herein.

The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one selected from Compounds PD1 to PD78, FIr6 and PtOEP, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

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In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP:

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When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, an amount of the dopant may be selected from a range of about 0.01 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Then, an electron transport region may be disposed on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure of a hole blocking layer/an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer, but it is not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more different materials.

The conditions for forming a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may, for example, include at least one of BCP, Bphen and TmPyPB, but is not limited thereto.

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A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within this range, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may include at least one selected from BCP, BPhen, Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

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In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one selected from Compounds ET1 and ET2, but it is not limited thereto.

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A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the electron transport layer is within this range, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may further include a metal-containing material in addition to the materials described above.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

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The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer (EIL) that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 19.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, and BaO.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the electron injection layer is within this range, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 19 is disposed on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for the second electrode 19 may be a material having a relatively low work function, such as a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof. Detailed examples of the material for forming the second electrode 19 are lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). Alternatively, ITO or IZO may be used to form a transmissive second electrode 19 to manufacture a top emission light-emitting device, and such a variation may be possible.

Hereinbefore, an organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

A C₁-C₆₀alkyl group as used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀alkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁(wherein A₁₀₁is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group). Detailed examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group as used herein refers to a group formed by placing at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminal of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Detailed examples thereof are an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group as used herein refers to a group formed by substituting at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminal of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Detailed examples thereof are an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in its ring, and which is not aromatic. Detailed examples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Detailed examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. A C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀aryl group as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆₀-C₆₀arylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples of the C₆-C₆₀aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. A C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group each include a plurality of rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group as used herein indicates —OA₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group as used herein indicates —SA₁₀₃(wherein A₁₀₃is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group), and a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group as used herein indicates -A₁₀₄A₁₀₅(wherein A₁₀₄is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and A₁₀₅is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group).

A C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group as used herein indicates —OA₁₀₆(wherein A₁₀₆is the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group), a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group as used herein indicates —SA₁₀₇(wherein A₁₀₇is the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group), and a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylalkyl group as used herein indicates -A₁₀₈A₁₀₉(wherein A₁₀₉is the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and A₁₀₈is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60) as ring forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic in the entire molecular structure. Detailed examples of the non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has a plurality of rings condensed with each other, has a hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si and S, other than carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60), as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic in the entire molecular structure. The monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group includes a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, substituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅) and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇),

wherein Q₁₁to Q₁₇, Q₂₁to Q₂₇and Q₃₁to Q₃₇may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

When a group containing a specified number of carbon atoms is substituted with any of the groups listed in the preceding paragraph, the number of carbon atoms in the resulting “substituted” group is defined as the sum of the carbon atoms contained in the original (unsubstituted) group and the carbon atoms (if any) contained in the substituent. For example, when the term “substituted C₁-C₃₀alkyl” refers to a C₁-C₃₀alkyl group substituted with C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the total number of carbon atoms in the resulting aryl substituted alkyl group is C₇-C₉₀.

The term “a biphenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group in which two benzenes are linked to each other by a single bond.

The term “a terphenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group in which three benzenes are linked to each other by a single bond.

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples, however, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. The expression “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of B used was identical to an amount of A used based on molar equivalence.

EXAMPLE
Synthesis Example 1
Synthesis of Compound 3

Compound 3 was synthesized according to the reaction scheme below.

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Synthesis of Intermediate (1)

10 grams (g) (47.2 millimoles (mmol)) of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid, 9.43 g (47.2 mmol) of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, 10.9 g (9.4 mmol) of palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) Pd(PPh₃)₄, and 19.6 g (141.5 mmol) of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were added to 100 milliliters (ml) of tetrahydrofuran and 70 ml of distilled water, and the resulting mixture was heated and then refluxed. When the reaction was completed, the result was cooled to room temperature, and the organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and then concentrated. The product was separated by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/hexane). A solid obtained from the above step was recrystallized (dichloromethane/methanol) to synthesize a white solid of Intermediate (1) (11.9 g, 41.4 mmol, yield 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated: 287.29 g/mol. found: [M+1]=288 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 3

20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was slowly added to 1.9 g (47.8 mmol) of sodium hydride (NaH) (60% in mineral oil) at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Then, 8 g (47.8 mmol) of carbazole was melted to 30 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, and the resulting mixture was slowly added to the above reaction solution and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. A mixture of 90 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide and 10.9 g (38.0 mmol) of Intermediate (1) was added to the above reaction solution. The resulting mixture was heated to 120° C. and refluxed. When the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was added to methanol/water to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate was filtered, and washed with methanol. The result obtained from the above step was melted in hot toluene and filtered by silica gel to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate was concentrated to obtain a solid, and the solid was recrystallized (dichloromethane/methanol, ethyl acetate) twice to synthesize Compound 3 (8.9 g, 20.5 mmol, yield 54%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 434.49 g/mol. found: 434.10 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 2
Synthesis of Compound 4

Compound 4 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (yield 52%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 434.49 g/mol. found: 434.15 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 3
Synthesis of Compound 28

Compound 28 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and dibenzothiophen-2-yl boronic acid was used instead of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid (yield 47%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 405.55 g/mol. found: 405.11 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 4
Synthesis of Compound 409

Compound 409 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, 9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile was used instead of carbazole (yield 35%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 459.50 g/mol. found: 459.18 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 5
Synthesis of Compound 413
Synthesis of Intermediate (2)

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3 g (24.6 mmol) of phenylboronic acid, 8.0 g (24.6 mmol) of 3-bromo-2-fluoro-5-iodobenzonitrile, 2.84 g (2.46 mmol) of palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (Pd(PPh₃)₄), and 10.2 g (73.8 mmol) of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were added to 70 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 36 ml of distilled water, and the resulting mixture was heated and then refluxed. When the reaction was completed, the result was cooled to room temperature, and an organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to perform a separation process by silica gel column chromatography(dichloromethane/hexane), thereby synthesizing Intermediate (2) (5.8 g, 21 mmol, yield 85%).

LC-Mass (calculated: 276.10 g/mol. found: [M+1]=277 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 413

Compound 413 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, in synthesizing Intermediate (1), Intermediate (2) was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (yield 45%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 510.58 g/mol. found: 510.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 6
Synthesis of Compound 415
Synthesis of Intermediate (2)-1

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Intermediate (2)-1 was synthesized in the same manner as Intermediate (2) in Synthesis Example 5, except that, in synthesizing Intermediate (2) of Synthesis Example 5, 2-pyridineboronic acid was used instead of phenylboronic acid.

Synthesis of Compound 415

Compound 415 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, in synthesizing Intermediate (1), Intermediate (2)-1 was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (yield 23%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 511.57 g/mol. found: 511.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 7
Synthesis of Compound 9

Compound 9 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 8-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan-2-carbonitrile was used instead of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid, and 2-fluorophenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (yield 32%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 434.49 g/mol. found: 434.14 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 8
Synthesis of Compound 16

Compound 16 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 8-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan-2-carbonitrile was used instead of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid, and 3-cyano-2-fluorophenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile (yield 40%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 459.50 g/mol. found: 459.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 9
Synthesis of Compound 408

Compound 408 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 8-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan-2-carbonitrile was used instead of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, 9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile was used instead of carbazole (yield 30%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 459.50 g/mol. found: 459.15 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 10
Synthesis of Compound 421

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Compound 421 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 2-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (3) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 62%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 524.57 g/mol. found: 524.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 11
Synthesis of Compound 423

Compound 423 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (3) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 57%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 524.57 g/mol. found: 524.16 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 12
Synthesis of Compound 424

Compound 424 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (3) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 60%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 524.57 g/mol. found: 524.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 13
Synthesis of Compound 429

Compound 429 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 8-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan-2-carbonitrile was used instead of dibenzofuran-2-yl boronic acid and 3-cyano-2-fluorophenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (3) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 33%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 549.58 g/mol. found: 549.18 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 14
Synthesis of Compound 437

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Compound 437 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (4) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 60%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 540.63 g/mol. found: 540.17 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 15
Synthesis of Compound 450

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Compound 450 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (5) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 17%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 524.57 g/mol. found: 524.19 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 16
Synthesis of Compound 459

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Compound 459 was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that, i) in synthesizing Intermediate (1), 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzonitrile, and ii) in synthesizing Compound 3, Intermediate (6) was used instead of carbazole and the reaction temperature was changed to 150° C. (yield 31%).

MALDI-TOF Mass (calculated: 524.57 g/mol. found: 524.18 g/mol)

Evaluation Example 1
Evaluation of Thermal Characteristics

Thermal analysis (N₂atmosphere, temperature range: room temperature ˜800° C. (10° C./min)-TGA, from room temperature to 400° C.-DSC, Pan Type: Pt Pan in disposable Al pan(TGA), disposable Al pan(DSC)) was performed on Compounds 3, 4, 413, 424 and A by using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results thereof are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that Compounds 3, 4, 413 and 424 have an excellent thermal stability compared to Compound A.

TABLE 2

decomposition start

Compound No.
Tg (° C.)
temperature (° C.)

3
89
292

4
83
285

413
106
362

424
129
393

Compound A
72
317

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Example 1

A glass substrate having an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a first electrode having a thickness of 1,500 Angstroms (Å) thereon was sonicated with distilled water and then further sonicated with solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and methanol and dried to be placed in a plasma cleaner. Next, the glass substrate was cleaned for 5 minutes by using oxygen plasma and then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

Compound NPB was vacuum deposited on the ITO electrode of the glass substrate to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1,200 Å, and mCP was deposited on the hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å. As a result, a hole transport region was formed.

Compound 3 (host) and Compound FIr6 (dopant, 10 percent by weight (wt %)) were co-deposited on the hole transport region to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

TmPyPB was vacuum deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and Compound Alq₃was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 250 Å. Then, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 5 Å, and Al second electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 1,000 Å was formed on the electron injection layer, thereby manufacturing an organic light-emitting device.

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Examples 2 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that when forming an emission layer, Compounds in Table 3 were used as a host instead of Compound 3.

Evaluation Example 2
Characteristic Evaluation of Organic Light-emitting Device

The driving voltage, current efficiency and lifespan of each organic light-emitting device manufactured in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated by using a Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650. In Table 3, the driving voltage and current efficiency of Examples 2 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were respectively expressed in a relative value compared to “100”, which denotes the driving voltage and current efficiency of an organic light-emitting device in Example 1. Lifespan (T₉₅) in Table 3 refers to an amount of time (hour, hr) lapsed until luminance was decreased to 95% of its initial value, where the initial value was measured in 500 nit. Lifespan (T₉₅) of Examples 2 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was expressed in a relative value compared to “100”, which denotes lifespan (T₉₅) of an organic light-emitting device in Example 1.

TABLE 3

driving
current

voltage
efficiency

(V)
(cd/A)
T₉₅(hr)

(relative
(relative
(relative

host
value)
value)
value)

Example 1
Compound 3
100
100
100

Example 2
Compound 4
88
108
171

Example 3
Compound 9
70
103
50

Example 4
Compound 16
77
114
58

Example 5
Compound 28
94
102
119

Example 6
Compound 408
72
94
75

Example 7
Compound 409
84
115
133

Example 8
Compound 413
91
110
171

Example 9
Compound 415
76
84
65

Example 10
Compound 421
67
83
143

Example 11
Compound 423
66
81
72

Example 12
Compound 424
63
89
105

Example 13
Compound 429
72
98
52

Example 14
Compound 437
63
94
80

Example 15
Compound 450
67
103
74

Example 16
Compound 459
65
79
53

Comparative
Compound A
112
75
21

Example 1

Comparative
Compound B
109
62
27

Example 2

Comparative
Compound C
87
48
48

Example 3

Comparative
Compound D
101
78
25

Example 4

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Table 3 shows that organic light-emitting devices in Examples 1 to 16 have lower or comparable driving voltage, higher efficiency and longer lifespan compared to organic light-emitting devices in Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

It should be understood that exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments.

While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.

Number	Name	Date	Kind
20090030202	Iwakuma et al.	Jan 2009	A1
20090072727	Takeda	Mar 2009	A1

Number	Date	Country
2878599	Jun 2015	EP
2966146	Jan 2016	EP
3015457	May 2016	EP
10-2011-0088427	Aug 2011	KR
2012-093862	Jul 2012	WO
2014-208698	Dec 2014	WO

Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

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Non-Patent Literature Citations (6)

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Entry
Deng et al. J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 8140-8145. (Year: 2013).
Lee et al. Organic Electronics 2013, 14, 1009-1014. (Year: 2013).
Lin et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 16114-16120. (Year: 2012).
Extended Search Report dated Oct. 21, 2016, issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 16183873.5-1462.
English Translation of WO 2014-208698, 42 pp.
Office Action issued by the European Patent Office dated Jul. 25, 2018 in the examination of the European Patent Application No. 16183873.5-1110.