Patent Application
20170243342
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a conductive film, a display device having the same, and a method of evaluating the conductive film. Specifically, the invention relates to a conductive film having a mesh-shaped wiring pattern that has excellent visibility by suppressing noise which is caused by interference between the conductive film and a display device, a method of evaluating the conductive film, and a display device thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a conductive film that has a mesh-shaped wiring pattern capable of providing image quality which is improved in terms of visibility of noise in accordance with an emission intensity of a display device even if the pattern overlaps with pixel array patterns of the display device having different emission intensities, a method of evaluating the conductive film, and a display device thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Examples of conductive films, each of which is provided on a display unit of a display device (hereinafter referred to as a display), include a conductive film for a touch panel having a conductive layer formed of thin metal lines which have a mesh-shaped wiring pattern (hereinafter referred to as a mesh pattern), a conductive film for an electromagnetic shield, and the like.
Regarding such a mesh pattern, since there is a problem that a noise caused by interference between a mesh pattern and a pixel array pattern (for example referred to as an array pattern of RGB color filters or a black matrix (hereinafter also referred to as a BM) pattern as a reverse pattern thereof) of a display may be visually perceived, various random mesh patterns due to which noise is not visually perceived or unlikely to be visually perceived have been proposed.
For example, JP2014-041589A discloses a touch panel capable of improving visibility by preventing a moiré phenomenon. In the touch panel, a virtual lattice is formed of the same polygons, predetermined points (seeds) are randomly generated inside the polygons, and thereafter the predetermined points and vertices of the polygons are connected, thereby irregularly forming a metal electrode pattern.
However, JP2014-041589A proposes that, in order to improve visibility, a metal electrode pattern, that is, a mesh pattern is made to be irregular.
Meanwhile, “noise”, which is visually perceived due to overlapping between an irregular random mesh pattern and a BM pattern of a display, cannot be determined only on the basis of characteristics of a single mesh pattern. No matter how much the mesh pattern is constrained regardless of the display, if a pixel structure of the display to be superposed such as a BM pattern or a luminance changes, the visibly perceived noise changes.
Hence, in the mesh pattern of the touch panel disclosed in JP2014-041589A, there is a problem in that robust visibility using a random mesh pattern cannot be obtained. Consequently, it is necessary for a mesh pattern, which is excellent in visibility of noise, to be determined on the basis of a combination between the pattern and the display, but in JP2014-041589A, there is a problem in that this is not considered.
In order to solve the problems of the related arts, the present invention has an object to provide a conductive film that has a random (irregular) mesh-shaped wiring pattern (mesh pattern) capable of improving visibility by suppressing occurrence of noise which is visually perceived in the combination between the pattern and the display unit (display), a display device having the same, and a method of evaluating the pattern of the conductive film.
In particular, the present invention has an object to provide a conductive film, a display device having the same, and a method of evaluating the conductive film. The conductive film has a random mesh pattern capable of suppressing occurrence of noise, which greatly disturbs image quality, in accordance with the intensity of the display regardless of an observation distance and greatly improving visibility, even in a case where the pattern overlaps with the pixel array (BM) pattern of a display having a different emission intensity (luminance).
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a conductive film is provided on a display unit of a display device. The conductive film comprises: a transparent substrate; and two wiring portions that are formed on both sides or a single side of the transparent substrate. At least one wiring portion of the two wiring portions has a plurality of thin metal lines. The plurality of thin metal lines has a polygonal wiring pattern formed in a mesh shape such that a plurality of polygonal opening portions is arranged on the wiring portion. The plurality of thin metal lines of at least one wiring portion of the two wiring portions forms an irregular wiring pattern which is made to be irregular by making the plurality of opening portions have different opening shapes. In the display unit, pixels, which include a plurality of sub-pixels emitting light with a plurality of colors that are at least three colors different from each other, are arranged in pixel array patterns. The conductive film is provided on the display unit such that a combined wiring pattern of the two wiring portions including at least one irregular wiring pattern overlaps with the pixel array pattern of the display unit. From at least one point of view, the irregular wiring pattern is a polygonal wiring pattern formed such that an indicator of evaluation of noises is equal to or less than an evaluation threshold value, where in frequencies and intensities of the noises of respective colors of a plurality of colors calculated from a first peak frequency and a first peak intensity of a plurality of first spectrum peaks of two-dimensional Fourier spectra of transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and a second peak frequency and a second peak intensity of a plurality of second spectrum peaks of two-dimensional Fourier spectra of luminance image data of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors when light beams with the plurality of colors are respectively emitted, the indicator of evaluation is calculated from evaluation values of the noises of the respective colors obtained by applying human visual response characteristics in accordance with an observation distance to intensities of the noises equal to or greater than a first intensity threshold value among intensities of the noises at frequencies of the noises equal to or less than a frequency threshold value defined on the basis of a display resolution of the display unit.
Further, in order to achieve the object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, a display device comprises: a display unit in which pixels, which include a plurality of sub-pixels emitting light with a plurality of colors that are different from each other, are arranged in pixel array patterns which are repeated in a certain direction and a direction perpendicular to the certain direction; and the conductive film according to the first aspect of the present invention, the conductive film being provided on the display unit.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of evaluating a conductive film that is provided on a display unit of a display device and has two wiring portions which are formed on both sides or a single side of the transparent substrate. The method comprises: providing a plurality of thin metal lines on at least one wiring portion of the two wiring portions; causing the plurality of thin metal lines to have a polygonal wiring pattern formed in a mesh shape such that a plurality of polygonal opening portions is arranged on the wiring portion; causing the plurality of thin metal lines of at least one wiring portion of the two wiring portions to form an irregular wiring pattern which is made to be irregular by making the plurality of opening portions have different opening shapes; arranging pixels, which include a plurality of sub-pixels emitting light with a plurality of colors that are at least three colors different from each other, in pixel array patterns, in the display unit; providing the conductive film on the display unit such that a combined wiring pattern of the two wiring portions including at least one irregular wiring pattern overlaps with the pixel array pattern of the display unit; acquiring transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and luminance image data of the pixel array patterns of respective colors of the plurality of colors of the display unit when light beams with the plurality of colors are respectively emitted, from at least one point of view; calculating a first peak frequency and a first peak intensity of a plurality of first spectrum peaks of two-dimensional Fourier spectra of transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and a second peak frequency and a second peak intensity of a plurality of second spectrum peaks of two-dimensional Fourier spectra of luminance image data of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors of the plurality of colors, for each color, by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and the luminance image data of the pixel array pattern; calculating frequencies and intensities of noises of the respective colors of the plurality of colors from the first peak frequency and the first peak intensity of the combined wiring pattern and the second peak frequency and the second peak intensity of the pixel array patterns of the respective plurality of colors calculated in the above-mentioned manner; selecting noises having frequencies equal to or less than a frequency threshold value and intensities equal to or greater than a first intensity threshold value defined on the basis of a display resolution of the display unit, among the frequencies and intensities of the noises of the respective colors calculated in the above-mentioned manner; acquiring evaluation values of noises of the respective colors by applying human visual response characteristics in accordance with an observation distance to the intensities of noises at respective frequencies of noises of the respective colors selected in the above-mentioned manner; calculating an indicator of evaluation of the noises from the evaluation values of the noises of the respective colors acquired in the above-mentioned manner; and evaluating the conductive film that has a polygonal wiring pattern which allows the indicator of evaluation of the noises calculated in the above-mentioned manner to be equal to or less than a predetermined value.
In any one of the first to third aspects, it is preferable that the opening portions have two or more types of different opening shapes and polygonal shapes having two or more types of different numbers of vertices of the opening shapes. Each opening portion may be formed in a Voronoi polygonal shape or a Delaunay triangular shape based on seed points randomly arranged on a single planar region.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the irregular wiring pattern of the thin metal lines is a wiring pattern of thin lines formed of random line segments that are obtained by performing thinning processing on boundary regions between polygonal images which are obtained by patterning polygons of which centroids are seed points randomly arranged in a single planar region. In addition, it is preferable that shapes of the opening portions are deformed by performing the thinning processing on the polygons of the polygonal images, and includes two or more different opening shapes surrounded by the thin lines formed of the random line segments.
It is preferable that the evaluation threshold value is −2.80.
It is preferable that the luminance image data of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors is normalized luminance data that is obtained by normalizing the luminance image data obtained by converting captured image data of the colors, which is obtained by capturing images of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors displayed on a display screen of the display unit, into luminance values, when the light beams with the plurality of colors are separately emitted.
It is preferable that images of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors displayed on the display screen of the display unit are displayed on the display unit when the light beams with the plurality of colors are separately emitted at a maximum intensity which is settable for each color.
It is preferable that when the plurality of colors is three colors such as red, green, and blue, the captured image data of the images of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors such as red, green, and blue is image data that is obtained through imaging performed through white balance adjustment based on a white color of a Macbeth chart.
It is preferable that the luminance image data of the images of the pixel array patterns of the respective colors of the plurality of colors is obtained by giving the luminance data in which a measured luminance value is normalized through a product between a resolution of the display unit and an area having a value of a mask image, where the mask image is created from the captured image data which is obtained by capturing the image of the pixel array pattern of a current color displayed on the display screen of the display unit through a microscope, when the light beams of the respective colors of the plurality of colors are separately emitted in the display unit, and the luminance image data is obtained by normalizing a reference luminance of the display unit of the display device to 1.0.
Further, it is preferable that, when the plurality of colors is three colors such as red, green, and blue, the measured luminance value is a luminance value which is obtained from spectrum data of each color of red, green, and blue by separately performing display for each color of red, green, and blue and performing measurement through a spectrometer, and the mask image is an image that is obtained by binarizing the captured image data which is obtained through imaging of the microscope.
It is preferable that the two wiring portions are respectively formed on both side surfaces of the transparent substrate.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the conductive film further comprises a second transparent substrate that is different from a first transparent substrate when the transparent substrate is defined as the first transparent substrate, one wiring portion of the two wiring portions is formed on one surface of the first transparent substrate, and the other wiring portion of the two wiring portions is formed on one surface of the second transparent substrate, on the other surface side of the first transparent substrate.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the two wiring portions are respectively formed with insulation layers interposed therebetween on single sides of the transparent substrates.
It is preferable that all the plurality of thin metal lines of the two wiring portions constitutes the irregular wiring pattern.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the plurality of thin metal lines of one wiring portion of the two wiring portions constitutes the irregular wiring pattern, and the plurality of thin metal lines of the other wiring portion constitutes a regular polygonal wiring pattern.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the plurality of thin metal lines of one wiring portion of the two wiring portions constitutes the irregular wiring pattern, the other wiring portion is made of indium tin oxide, and the combined wiring pattern is the irregular wiring pattern.
Further, it is preferable that at least one wiring portion of the two wiring portions includes an electrode portion and a non-electrode portion, the plurality of thin metal lines of one of the electrode portion and the non-electrode portion constitutes the irregular wiring pattern, and the plurality of thin metal lines of the other of the electrode portion and the non-electrode portion constitutes a regular polygonal wiring pattern.
It is preferable that the plurality of first spectrum peaks has a peak intensity that is equal to or greater than a first threshold value which is selected from a plurality of spectrum peaks obtained by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern, and for each of the plurality of colors, the plurality of second spectrum peaks has a peak intensity that is equal to or greater than a second threshold value which is selected from a plurality of spectrum peaks obtained by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the luminance image data of the pixel array pattern.
Further, it is preferable that a frequency and an intensity of a noise corresponding to each color can be calculated through convolution operation of the first peak frequency and the first peak intensity and the second peak frequency and the second peak intensity corresponding to each color.
Furthermore, it is preferable that a frequency of a noise corresponding to each color is given as a difference between the first peak frequency and the second peak frequency corresponding to each color, and an intensity of the noise corresponding to each color is given as a product between the first peak intensity and the second peak intensity corresponding to each color.
It is preferable that an evaluation value of the noise is calculated by weighting a visual transfer function, which corresponds to the observation distance as the visual response characteristics, to the frequency and the intensity of the noise through convolution integration.
Further, it is preferable that the visual transfer function VTF is given by the following Expression (1).
VTF=5.05e−0.138k(1-e0.1k) (1)
k=πdu/180
Here, k is a spatial frequency (cycle/deg) defined by a solid angle, u shown in the above-mentioned Expression (1) is a spatial frequency (cycle/mm) defined by a length, and d is defined by an observation distance (mm).
It is preferable that the indicator of evaluation of the noises is calculated using a largest evaluation value among the evaluation values of the plurality of the noises in which a frequency of one of the noises is weighted in accordance with the observation distance for each color.
Further, it is preferable that the indicator of evaluation of the noises is a largest sum among sums for the plurality of colors, the sums being obtained by adding the frequencies of all the noises to the largest evaluation value selected with respect to the frequency of one of the noises for each color.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the first intensity threshold value is −4.5 as a common logarithm. In addition, the frequency threshold value is a spatial frequency which is obtained from the resolution of the display unit, that is, a spatial frequency which corresponds to an inverse of a pitch of a single pixel.
It is preferable that assuming that a display pixel pitch of the display unit is Pd μm, the spatial frequency obtained from the resolution of the display unit is a highest frequency of the noises which is given as 1000/Pd cycle/mm.
Further, it is preferable that, from at least two points of view of front observation and oblique observation, the evaluation value is obtained for each color of the plurality of colors, and the indicator of evaluation is a largest evaluation value among evaluation values of respective colors obtained in the at least two points of view.
It is preferable that the pixel array patterns are black matrix patterns.
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a conductive film that has a random mesh pattern capable of improving visibility by suppressing occurrence of noise which is visually perceived in the combination between the pattern and a display, a display device having the same, and a method of evaluating the pattern of the conductive film.
In particular, the random mesh pattern is capable of suppressing occurrence of noise, which greatly disturbs image quality, in accordance with the intensity of the display regardless of an observation distance and greatly improving visibility, even in a case where the pattern overlaps with the pixel array (BM) pattern of a display having a different emission intensity (luminance).
Further, according to the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, also in a design of a mesh pattern of the conductive film in a case where the opening shapes of the RGB sub-pixels of the display have frequencies and intensities (shapes and sizes) different from each other, it is possible to provide best image quality in combination with the pixel array pattern of a display having a different emission intensity.
FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2 are schematic diagrams illustrating examples of repetition units each having 2×2 pixels of representative sub-pixels of pixel array patterns of display units of which resolutions, shapes, and intensities are different.
Hereinafter, a conductive film according to the present invention, a display device having the same, and a method of evaluating the conductive film will be described in detail with reference to most preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, in order to suppress noise which is visually perceived due to overlapping between an irregular mesh-shaped random pattern (hereinafter referred to as a random mesh pattern) and a display pixel array (BM) pattern, a conductive film having a random mesh pattern for combination is provided on the display. Here, the random mesh pattern used in the present invention can be defined as an irregular pattern which has at least two types of different opening shapes where the at least two types of shapes have different numbers of vertices.
Meanwhile, in a combination in which noise visually perceived by the display and the random mesh pattern is quantified and the quantitative value is equal to or less than a threshold value, noise is not visually perceived. Accordingly, in the present invention, the random mesh pattern can be defined as described above, but it is necessary to quantify the BM pattern and the random mesh pattern of the display and quantify the visually perceived noise from quantitative values thereof.
Hence, in the present invention, first, the irregular mesh pattern, which has a plurality of different features, is assumed, and a transmittance image is created. Next, a convolution operation is performed on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum obtained from this transmittance image and the FFT spectrum obtained from the display. Here, the integrated value obtained by applying the visual transfer function to the obtained calculation result corresponds to the quantitative value of visibility of noise, and at this stage, the quantitative value of visibility of noise and the noise simulation image can be obtained. By evaluating the obtained image, visibility of noise allowable as visibility can be determined, and the conductive film of the present invention and the evaluation method thereof can be provided.
Hereinafter, the conductive film according to the present invention will be described as a representative example of a conductive film for a touch panel. The present invention is not limited to this. The conductive film may be any conductive film if it is a conductive film that is provided on the display unit with various light emission intensities of the display device and has wiring portions having random mesh-shaped wiring patterns (random mesh patterns) which are disposed on both sides of a transparent substrate or disposed on a single side thereof with an insulation layer interposed therebetween and which include at least one wiring pattern formed of cells (opening portions) having polygonal shapes which are made to be irregular. For example, as a matter of course, the present invention may be applied to a conductive film for shielding electromagnetic waves and the like.
The display unit of the display device on which the conductive film according to the present invention is superposed is not particularly limited. However, examples thereof include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), organic light emitting (EL) diode (OLED) and an organic electro-luminescence display (OELD) using organic electro-luminescence (OEL), an inorganic electro-luminescence (EL) display, electronic paper, and the like.
As will be described in detail later, the display unit (hereinafter also referred to as a display) of the display device, on which the conductive film of the present invention is superposed, is not particularly limited if the display unit has the following characteristics. Pixels thereof, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels emitting light with a plurality of colors including at least mutually different three colors such as red, green, and blue, are arranged in the pixel array pattern (hereinafter also referred to as the BM pattern), and the luminances (brightnesses) of respective sub-pixels (color filters) based on the emission intensity (luminance) of the pixels are not particularly limited if the luminances can be taken into consideration in terms of evaluation of the visibility of noise due to the superposition of the conductive film. For example, in the same manner as that of the related arts, the display unit may have the following characteristics. The repetition cycles and the intensities (shapes, sizes), that is, the sub-pixel array pattern (the shapes, sizes, and cycles of the sub-pixels) of the sub-pixels (color filters) are all the same for a plurality of colors such as RGB, and the display unit has a BM pattern typified by G sub-pixels. Further, like the above-mentioned OELD, the display unit may be a display unit having a BM pattern that includes sub-pixel array patterns which are not the same for a plurality of colors, that is, which are different with respect to at least two colors.
In a manner similar to that of a high resolution smartphone, a tablet terminal, or the like, the display of the display device subjected to the present invention may be a display which has a high emission intensity. In a manner similar to that of a low resolution desktop PC, a television (TV), or the like, the display may be a display having a low emission intensity. In a manner similar to that of a medium resolution laptop or the like, the display may be a display having approximately a medium emission intensity.
As shown in the drawings, a conductive film 10 of the present embodiment is a conductive film that is provided on the display unit of the display device and that has a wiring pattern which is excellent in terms of suppression of occurrence of noise in the black matrix (BM) of the display unit, particularly, a wiring pattern which is optimized in terms of visibility of noise in the BM pattern when the wiring pattern overlaps with the BM pattern. The conductive film 10 has: a transparent substrate 12; a first wiring portion 16a that is formed on one surface (an upper surface in
Hereinafter, the first wiring portion 16a and the second wiring portion 16b are collectively referred to as simply wiring portions 16, the first adhesive layer 18a and the second adhesive layer 18b are collectively referred to as simply adhesive layers 18, and the first protective layer 20a and the second protective layer 20b are collectively referred to as simply protective layers 20.
The transparent substrate 12 is formed of a material having an insulation property and having a high light-permeability, and examples thereof include a resin, glass, and silicon. Examples of the resin include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and the like.
The thin metal lines 14 are not particularly limited as long as they are formed as wavy lines and thin lines made of metal having high conductivity, and include thin lines made of a line material such as gold (Au), silver (Ag) or copper (Cu). While it is more preferable indeed in terms of visibility if the thin metal lines 14 have a smaller line width, the line width has only to be equal to or less than 30 μm, for instance. For application to a touch panel, the line width of the thin metal lines 14 is preferably equal to or greater than 0.1 μm and equal to or less than 15 μm, more preferably equal to or greater than 1 μm and equal to or less than 9 μm, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 2 μm and equal to or less than 7 μm.
Each wiring portion 16 (16a, 16b) has a plurality of wavy thin metal lines 14 having the wiring pattern 24 (24a, 24b) which is formed of mesh wires 21 (21a, 21b) arranged in a mesh shape. Specifically, as shown in
As shown in
In the example shown in
Here, the random mesh pattern 25a, which is an irregular wiring pattern shown in FIG. 2, has a wiring shape that has the opening portions 22 formed of Voronoi polygons depending on a Voronoi diagram (Voronoi division method) on the basis of a plurality of seed points p, which are present at a plurality of positions at arbitrary intervals in a single planar region 100 as shown in
In the random mesh pattern 25a shown in
In the present invention, as the used random mesh pattern, a random mesh pattern (not shown in the drawing), which has a wiring shape having the opening portions 22 formed of Delaunay triangles determined in accordance with the Delaunay diagram (Delaunay triangulation method) on the basis of the plurality of seed points shown in
Further, the random mesh pattern used in the present invention is not limited to a random mesh pattern in which the shapes of the opening portions (cells) are Voronoi polygons, Delaunay triangles or the like, and any pattern may be used if the pattern is a random mesh pattern.
For example, the pattern may be a random mesh pattern which is formed by randomizing the regular typical pattern of regular polygons such as rhomboids with a degree of randomicity equal to or less than several %, for example, 10%. It should be noted that such a random mesh pattern does not include a pattern in which only pitches of a regular typical pattern of regular polygons are randomized, and a pattern in which only angles thereof are randomized.
As the random mesh pattern having such anisotropy, for example, a random mesh pattern as shown in
The random mesh pattern shown in
Here, in the anisotropic random mesh pattern 25b shown in
First, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, in order to thin lines of the boundary region 116 of the rhomboid pattern image 118 shown in
Here, the thinning processing is performed as follows. The boundary region 116 is reduced in size by removing pixels of the edge portions of the boundary region 116, and the rhomboid patterns 114 are expanded by removing pixels of the edge portions of the rhomboid patterns 114. These processes are repeated, thereby forming thin lines with the same line widths.
In such a manner, the random mesh pattern 25b shown in
The thin metal lines 14 having such a shape can be easily formed by a known method such as etching using a metal layer such as silver.
As the random mesh pattern having anisotropy, in addition to the random mesh pattern 25b shown in
Hereinafter, the random mesh pattern 25a shown in
Although details will be described later, when the conductive film 10 of the present invention has the combined wiring pattern 24 of the upper and lower wiring patterns 24a and 24b, the conductive film 10 of the present invention has a random mesh pattern optimized in terms of visibility of noise at a predetermined luminance (luminance image data) of the BM pattern of the display unit. In the present invention, the rhomboid mesh pattern, which is optimized in terms of visibility of noise with respect to the BM pattern at the predetermined luminance, is defined as a single wiring pattern or a group of two or more wiring patterns making noise not perceived by human visual sensation with respect to the BM pattern at the predetermined luminance when the rhomboid wiring pattern is formed as the combined wiring pattern 24. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the visibility of noise is defined by a degree at which noise is not visually perceived.
Accordingly, the random mesh pattern 25a shown in
In the random mesh pattern 25a optimized in such a manner, disconnections (brakes) may be inserted into sides (mesh wires 21) of the thin metal lines 14 constituting the opening portions 22. As the shape of the mesh-shaped wiring pattern having such breaks, it is possible to employ a shape of a mesh-shaped wiring pattern of a conductive film described in JP2012-276175 relating to the present application of the applicant.
In the conductive film 10 of the embodiment shown in
That is, in the example shown in
As described above, the irregular (randomized) random mesh pattern 25a is formed of the entirety or a part of the thin metal lines of the wiring portion 16 (wiring portion 16a or 16b) on the upper or lower side of the conductive film, and the mesh-shaped wiring pattern, in which the wiring patterns of both wiring portions 16 overlaps and are combined, is randomized. As a result, it is possible to randomize the light transmitted through the mesh-shaped wiring pattern, and it is possible to improve visibility of noise which is caused by interference between the display and the wiring pattern.
For example, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
In
In the examples shown in
For example, in the example shown in
Further, as shown in
A structure of the conductive film 11 of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in
As described above, the first protective layer 20a is bonded to the substantially entire surface of the wiring layer 28a formed of the first wiring portion 16a through the first adhesive layer 18a so as to cover the thin metal lines 14 of the first wiring portion 16a. Further, the second protective layer 20b is bonded to the substantially entire surface of the wiring layer 28b formed of the second wiring portion 16b through the second adhesive layer 18b so as to cover the thin metal lines 14 of the second wiring portion 16b.
Here, examples of materials of the adhesive layers 18 (the first adhesive layer 18a and the second adhesive layer 18b) include a wet lamination adhesive, a dry lamination adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, and the like. The material of the first adhesive layer 18a and the material of the second adhesive layer 18b may be the same or may be different.
The protective layers 20 (the first protective layer 20a and the second protective layer 20b) each are made of a high transmissive material including resin, glass, and silicon, similarly to the transparent substrate 12. The material of the first protective layer 20a and the material of the second protective layer 20b may be the same or may be different.
It is preferable that both a refractive index n1 of the first protective layer 20a and a refractive index n2 of the second protective layer 20b are values equal or approximate to a refractive index n0 of the transparent substrate 12. In this case, both the relative refractive index nr1 of the transparent substrate 12 with respect to the first protective layer 20a and the relative refractive index nr2 of the transparent substrate 12 with respect to the second protective layer 20b are values approximate to 1.
In this specification, the refractive index means a refractive index for the light at a wavelength of 589.3 nm (sodium D ray). For example, in regard to resins, the refractive index is defined by ISO 14782: 1999 (corresponding to JIS K 7105) that is an international standard. Further, the relative refractive index nr1 of the transparent substrate 12 with respect to the first protective layer 20a is defined as nr1−(n1/n0), and the relative refractive index nr2 of the transparent substrate 12 with respect to the second protective layer 20b is defined as nr2=(n2/n0).
Here, the relative refractive index nr1 and the relative refractive index nr2 are preferably in a range equal to or greater than 0.86 and equal to or less than 1.15, and more preferably in a range equal to or greater than 0.91 and equal to or less than 1.08.
By limiting the ranges of the relative refractive index nr1 and the relative refractive index nr2 as the above-mentioned range and controlling a member-to-member light transmittance between the transparent substrate 12 and the protective layers 20 (20a, 20b), visibility of noise can be further improved, and thus the conductive film can be improved.
In the conductive film 10 of the embodiment shown in
As shown in the drawing, the conductive film 11 according to the second embodiment has: the first wiring portion 16a that is formed of the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26 which are formed on one surface (on the upper side in
In the conductive film 11, the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26 each are formed of the plurality of thin metal lines 14 and both thereof are formed as the wiring layer 28a on one surface (on the upper side in
The dummy electrode portion 26 is separated from the first electrode portion 17a by a predetermined distance, and is in the state of being electrically insulated from the first electrode portion 17a.
In the conductive film 11 according to the present embodiment, the dummy electrode portion 26 formed of the plurality of thin metal lines 14 corresponding to the plurality of thin metal lines 14 of the second electrode portion 17b formed on the other surface (on the lower side in
Here, the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26 of the wiring layer 28a have the wiring pattern 24a having a mesh shape which is formed by the thin metal lines 14 and opening portions 22. The second electrode portion 17b of the wiring layer 28b has a wiring pattern 24b having a mesh shape which is formed by the thin metal lines 14 and opening portions 22, similarly to the first electrode portion 17a. As described above, the transparent substrate 12 is formed of an insulating material, and the second electrode portion 17b is in the state of being electrically insulated from the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26.
In addition, the first and second electrode portions 17a and 17b and the dummy electrode portion 26 each can be formed of the same material as the wiring portions 16 of the conductive film 10 shown in
The first protective layer 20a is bonded to the substantially entire surface of the wiring layer 28a formed of the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26 through the first adhesive layer 18a so as to cover the thin metal lines 14 of the first electrode portion 17a and the dummy electrode portion 26 of the first wiring portion 16a.
Further, the second protective layer 20b is bonded to the substantially entire surface of the wiring layer 28b formed of the second electrode portion 17b through the second adhesive layer 18b so as to cover the thin metal lines 14 of the second electrode portion 17b of the second wiring portion 16b.
It should be noted that the first and second adhesive layers 18a and 18b and the first and second protective layers 20a and 20b of the conductive film 11 shown in
In the conductive film 11 of the present embodiment, the second wiring portion 16b having the second electrode portion 17b does not have the dummy electrode portion. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in the second wiring portion 16b, the dummy electrode portion, which is electrically insulated from the second electrode portion 17b at a predetermined interval away from the first electrode portion 17a and is formed of the thin metal lines 14, may be disposed at a position corresponding to the first electrode portion 17a of the first wiring portion 16a.
In the conductive film 11 of the present embodiment, the dummy electrode portion 26 is provided on the first wiring portion 16a, and such a dummy electrode portion is provided on the second wiring portion 16b. Thereby, the dummy electrode portions may be disposed to correspond to respective mesh wires of the first electrode portion 17a of the first wiring portion 16a and the second electrode portion 17b of the second wiring portion 16b. Therefore, scattering due to the thin metal lines on the one surface (on the upper or lower side in
In the conductive films 10 and 11 of the first and second embodiments shown in
The conductive film 11A of the third embodiment of the present invention shown in
Here, the entirety or a part of at least one of the thin metal lines 14 of the first wiring portion 16a and/or second wiring portion 16b is the irregular random mesh pattern 25a shown in
The above-mentioned conductive films 10, 11, and 11A of the first, second, and third embodiments of the present invention are applied to, for example, a touch panel (44: refer to
In the present invention, the irregular wiring pattern (random mesh pattern), which is optimized in terms of visibility of noise when formed as a combined wiring pattern with respect to the luminance value of the BM pattern of each color depending on the emission intensity of the display, is defined as a single wiring pattern or a group of two or more random mesh patterns making noise not perceived by human visual sensation when formed as a combined wiring pattern, with respect to the BM pattern of the current color even when any color light beam of the light beams with respective colors of the plurality of the sub-pixels of the display is emitted alone, from at least one point of view. That is, the optimized random mesh pattern is defined as a group of wiring patterns making noise not perceived by human visual sensation when formed as a combined wiring pattern, with respect to a BM pattern of a color in which noise is most likely to occur, for example, a color having a highest luminance value at the time of lighting on for each color of a plurality of colors such as RGB, that is, with respect to a BM pattern having a worst value. In the present invention, a group of two or more random mesh patterns optimized may be ranked, from a random mesh pattern making noise most difficult to be perceived to a random mesh pattern making noise somewhat difficult to perceive, so as to determine one random mesh pattern which makes noise most difficult to perceive.
Here, in the present invention, in terms of optimization of visibility of noise of the wiring pattern, a reason why the luminance value of the BM pattern of each color depending on the emission intensity of the display is used is, for example, as follows. It is assumed that the conductive film has a wiring pattern with line widths and average pitches of the thin metal lines shown in
Meanwhile, as in a high resolution smartphone, if the emission intensity is strong, noise visually perceived is strong, and if the emission intensity is weak, noise visually perceived is weak. Therefore, as in the related art, indicators of evaluation of noises obtained in displays having different emission intensities, that is, quantitative values thereof cannot be compared on the basis of the transmittance image data only. As a result, it is not possible to correctly evaluate the visibility of noise.
Hence, in the present invention, emission intensities of different displays are evaluated and normalized on the basis of an emission intensity of a reference display. Thereby, it is possible to optimize the visibility of noise of the wiring pattern which can be applied to various displays having different emission intensities.
Optimization of visibility of noise of the irregular (random) wiring pattern, which is essential in the present invention, at the luminance value of the BM pattern of each color depending on the emission intensity of the display will be described later.
The conductive film according to the present invention basically has the above-mentioned configuration.
As the part thereof is shown in
As can be clearly seen from
For example, the conductive film 10, 11, or 11A may be disposed on a display panel of the display unit 30 having the BM pattern 38 formed by the BMs 34. In this case, the wiring pattern 24 (a combined wiring pattern of the wiring patterns 24a and 24b) of the conductive film 10, 11, or 11A, in which at least one of the wiring patterns 24a and 24b is a random mesh pattern 25a, is optimized in terms of visibility of noise with respect to the BM (pixel array) pattern 38. Therefore, there is no interference in spatial frequency between the array cycle of the pixels 32 and the wiring array of the thin metal lines 14 of the conductive film 10, 11, or 11A, and occurrence of noise is suppressed. As a result, the conductive film is excellent in terms of visibility of noise. Hereinafter, the conductive film 10 will be described as a representative example, but the description is the same as those of the conductive film 11 and 11A.
It should be noted that the display unit 30 shown in
The BM pattern and the emission intensity of the display, which can be applied to the present invention, is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the BM pattern and the emission intensity of a known display. For example, as shown in
As shown in
In the present invention, it is necessary for the pixel array pattern of the display unit to satisfy any of the following three conditions: a condition in which at least two sub-pixels among a plurality of sub-pixels in a single pixel, the three sub-pixels in the example shown in the drawing, have different shapes; a condition in which cycles of sub-pixel array patterns formed by arrays each corresponding to at least two sub-pixels among a plurality of (three) sub-pixels in a single pixel are different; or a condition in which a plurality of (three) sub-pixels in a single pixel is not lined up in one direction. In addition, in the present invention, the cycles of the sub-pixel array patterns, that is, the cycles of the sub-pixels (color filters) also include a cycle of sub-pixels in a single pixel.
In the example shown in
In the example shown in the drawing, the arrangement pitch (horizontal pixel pitch Ph) of the pixels 32 in the horizontal direction and the arrangement pitch (vertical pixel pitch Pv) of the pixels 32 in the vertical direction are substantially equal to each other, and are referred to as a pixel pitch Pd. That is, a region, which is formed of the three sub-pixels 32r, 32g, and 32b of a single pixel 32, and a pixel region 36, which is formed of a black matrix (BM) 34 (pattern material) surrounding the sub-pixels 32r, 32g, and 32b, have square shapes. It should be noted that the pixel region 36 corresponds to a single pixel 32, and therefore the pixel region 36 is hereinafter also referred to as a pixel.
It should be noted that the pixel pitch Pd (the horizontal or vertical pixel pitch Ph or Pv) may have any value if it is a pitch corresponding to a resolution of the display unit 30, and may be, for example, a pitch in a range of 84 μm to 264 μm.
In the examples shown in the drawing, the shapes of the sub-pixels 32r, 32g, and 32b within one pixel are respectively a rhomboid, a circle, and a rectangle. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the shapes may be any shapes if there is provided the pixel array pattern 38. In the pixel array pattern 38, three sub-pixels having the same forms shown in
Alternatively, the sub-pixels (color filters) 32r, 32g, and 32b having opening shapes called a pin tile structure shown in
As shown in
That is, in the example shown in
It should be noted that in the present invention, the condition, in which the forms of the sub-pixels are different, is defined to include not only a case where the shapes of the sub-pixels are different but also a case where the sizes of the sub-pixels are different.
As shown in
That is, in the example shown in
As shown in
That is, in the example shown in
The resolutions and intensities of the BMs each having 2×2 pixels of the display used in the present invention are shown in FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2. Resolutions, shapes, or intensities (luminances) of the respective BMs shown in FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2 are different. FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2 show only the G channel (G sub-pixels), and do not show the B channel (B sub-pixels) and the R channel (R sub-pixels), but it is apparent that the resolutions and the shapes thereof are the same.
FIGS. 15A1 and 15A2 each show four G sub-pixels having reed shapes, which are curved toward the center and the left side in the drawing, at a resolution of 149 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 1 and 2 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15B1 and 15B2 each show two G sub-pixels having band shapes which extend in the vertical direction in the drawing, at a resolution of 222 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 3 and 4 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15C1 and 15C2 each show four G sub-pixels having plate shapes which are arranged in the horizontal direction in the drawing, at a resolution of 265 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 5 and 7 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15D1 and 15D2 each show four G sub-pixels having plate shapes which are arranged in the vertical direction in the drawing, at a resolution of 265 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 6 and 8 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15E1 and 15E2 each show four G sub-pixels having rectangular shapes which are arranged in the horizontal direction in the drawing, at a resolution of 326 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 9 and 10 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15F1 and 15F2 each show four G sub-pixels having small rectangular shapes which are arranged in four angular directions in the drawing, at a resolution of 384 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 11 and 13 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15G1 and 15G2 each show four G sub-pixels having triangular shapes which are arranged in directions of four sides in the drawing, at a resolution of 384 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 12 and 14 used in the example to be described later.
FIGS. 15H1 and 15H2 each show four G sub-pixels having rectangular shapes which are arranged in the vertical direction in the drawing, at a resolution of 440 dpi, where intensities thereof are 0.5 and 1.0 when the intensities of the reference display are normalized, and respectively correspond to the BMs of BM Nos. 15 and 16 used in the example to be described later.
For example, the conductive film 10, 11, or 11A may be disposed on a display panel of the display unit 30 having the BM pattern 38 formed by the BMs 34 that defines the above-mentioned sub-pixel array pattern of RGB. In this case, the wiring pattern 24 is a random mesh pattern that is optimized as a combined wiring pattern in terms of visibility of noise and further randomized with respect to the luminance value of the BM (pixel array) pattern 38 including the sub-pixel array patterns of RGB. Therefore, there is almost no interference in spatial frequency between the array cycle or intensity of the pixels 32 and the wiring array of the thin metal lines 14 of the conductive film 10, 11, or 11A, and occurrence of noise is suppressed.
However, the pixel array pattern of the display, which is used when optimization of noise is optimized, is precisely defined by each sub-pixel array pattern of the plurality of colors such as RGB, for example, repetition frequencies and shapes of the sub-pixels. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately define a resolution of the sub-pixels with respect to the resolution of the display. However, in the present invention, it is necessary to use the light intensity of the pixel array pattern of the display, for example, the luminance value (luminance image data). Therefore, in terms of the intensity frequency, it can be said that it is not necessary to clearly divide RGB since a problem arises in that sub-pixels (indicate a single channel) with a certain intensity are arranged in a certain manner. Accordingly, in order to design an irregular (random) mesh pattern optimum which is optimal for the display, when quantitative values of evaluation of noise are calculated, a worst value thereof at the time of lighting on for each color of RGB may be used. Consequently, in order to design a random mesh pattern which is optimal for the display, when indicators, that is, quantitative values of evaluation of noise are calculated, a worst value thereof at the time of lighting on for each color of RGB may be used.
Next, a display device, in which the conductive film of the present invention is incorporated, will be described with reference to
As shown in
The touch panel 44 includes not only the conductive film 10 (refer to
The conductive film 10 is bonded to one surface (on the side directed by the arrow Z1) of the display unit 30 through an adhesive layer 56. The conductive film 10 is disposed on the display screen such that the other main surface side (second wiring portion 16b side) is opposite to the display unit 30.
The cover member 48 functions as the input surface 42 by covering one surface of the conductive film 10. In addition, by preventing a contact member 58 (for example, a finger or a stylus pen) from coming into direct contact with the conductive film 10, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a scratch, adhesion of dust, and the like, and thus it is possible to stabilize conductivity of the conductive film 10.
The material of the cover member 48 may be, for example, glass or a resin film. One surface (on the side as directed by the arrow Z2) of the cover member 48 may be coated with silicon oxide or the like, and may be adhered to one surface (on the side as directed by the arrow Z1) of the conductive film 10. Further, in order to prevent damage due to rubbing or the like, the conductive film 10 and the cover member 48 may be configured to be bonded to each other.
The flexible substrate 52 is an electronic substrate having flexibility. In the example shown in this diagram, the flexible substrate 52 is fixed to an inner wall of the housing 46, while the position of the substrate may be varied. The detection control unit 54 constitutes an electronic circuit that catches a change in the capacitance between the contact member 58 and the conductive film 10 and detects the contact position (or the approach position) when the contact member 58 as a conductor is brought into contact with (or comes closer to) the input surface 42.
The display device, to which the conductive film according to the present invention is applied, basically has the above-mentioned configuration.
Next, in the present invention, processes of performing optimization and randomization in terms of visibility of noise on a wiring pattern of the conductive film with respect to a pixel array (BM) pattern of the display device having a predetermined intensity (luminance value) will be described. That is, a description will be given of the processes of evaluating and determining an irregular (random) wiring pattern which is optimized such that noise with respect to a predetermined pixel array (BM) pattern of the display device with a predetermined intensity is not perceived by human visual sensation, from at least one point of view, in the conductive film according to the present invention.
In the method of evaluating the wiring pattern of the conductive film of the present invention, first, luminance image data of the BM (pixel array) patterns at the time of lighting on for each color of the plurality of colors (for example, RGB) of the display unit of the display device is acquired. Further, the irregular wiring pattern used in one of the upper and lower sides of the conductive film and the wiring pattern used in the other are generated, whereby the transmittance image data is acquired, and the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern is acquired. Here, the wiring pattern used in the other may be the irregular wiring pattern, and may be the regular wiring pattern.
Next, on the basis of the frequencies and the intensities of noises which are obtained through frequency analysis using fast Fourier transforms (FFT) of the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and the BM pattern, noises (frequencies and intensities) of the respective colors with frequencies equal to or less than a highest frequency of noises and predetermined intensities defined in accordance with a display resolution of the display unit are collected.
Subsequently, evaluation values of noises of the respective colors are obtained by applying human visual response characteristics to intensities of noises at the frequencies of the collected noises of the respective colors in accordance with the observation distance, and an indicator of evaluation (quantitative value) of noises is calculated on the basis of obtained quantitative values of the plurality of noises.
Next, an irregular wiring pattern, which constitutes a combined wiring pattern satisfying conditions where the calculated indicator of evaluation of noise is set in advance, is evaluated as a wiring pattern optimized such that noise is not visually perceived, and determined as the optimized irregular wiring pattern.
In the method according to the present invention, FFT is generally used for the frequencies and intensities of noises, and the following processes are defined because the frequency and intensities of a target may greatly vary depending on the way of usage.
One of the upper and lower wiring portions 16a and 16b of the conductive film may be formed of the plurality of thin metal lines 14 having the irregular wiring pattern, and the other wiring portion may be formed as a transparent conductive layer such as ITO having the wiring pattern. In this case, transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern of both wiring patterns is indicated by transmittance image data of one irregular wiring pattern formed of the plurality of thin metal lines 14. However, hereinafter, even in this case, the above-mentioned transmittance image data is treated as transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern of both wiring patterns.
In the present invention, first, it is preferable that the following is considered: the display screen of the display unit of the display device is observed from one point of view in the front. In this case, the present invention is not limited to this, but the display screen may be observed from any point of view if visibility of noise can be improved in a case where observation is performed from at least one point of view.
As might be expected, in the present invention, it is preferable that the following cases are considered: a case where the display screen is observed from the front (a case of front observation); and a case where the display screen is obliquely observed (a case of oblique observation).
Hereinafter, the following item will be described: imaging is performed for each color on the BM (pixel array) pattern which has sub-pixels with three colors such as RGB.
In the method according to the present invention, as shown in
Here, a method of creating display BM data in step S10 is shown in detail in
As shown in
In step S30, first, the display unit 30 of the display device 40 is turned on for each color of RGB. At this time, it is preferable that the luminance is maximized in a range in which it can be obtained through setting change of a light emitting side (display device 40).
Subsequently, an image of the sub-pixels is captured in a state where the sub-pixels of each color of RGB are lit on. That is, an image of transmitted light of each of the sub-pixels (RGB color filters) 32r, 32g, and 32b of the pixel array patterns 38 (38a to 38c) of the display unit 30 shown in
A target display, and a microscope, a lens, and a camera used in imaging are not particularly limited, but, for example, LP101WX1(SL) (n3) (manufactured by LG DISPLAY Corp.) can be used as the display, STM6 (manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp.) can be used as the microscope, UMPlanFI10x (manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp.) can be used as the lens, and QIC-F-CLR-12-C (manufactured by QIMAGING Corp.) can be used as the camera.
In the example of the present invention, the LP101WX1(SL) (n3) is used as the display, first, only the G channel is lit on with a maximum (MAX) intensity, the STM6 manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp. is used as the microscope, the UMPlanFI10x manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp. is used as the objective lens, and thereby imaging is performed.
Here, as the imaging conditions, for example, an exposure time period can be set to 12 ms, a gain can be set to 1.0, and white balance (G, R, B) can be set to (1.00, 2.17, 1.12). In addition, it is preferable that the captured image is subjected to shading correction.
As a result, it is possible to acquire an image of one pixel of a G channel sub-pixel shown in
Here, in the present invention, the display is not limited, and any display may be used as a reference display, but it is preferable that the LP101WX1(SL) (n3) is used as a reference of the display.
Further, the BM pattern of the display LP101WX1(SL) (n3) has the BM patterns shown in FIGS. 15A1 and 15A2. It should be noted that FIGS. 15A1 and 15A2 show only G channel patterns but the same configuration is applied to the RB channels.
An image of one pixel of each sub-pixel of the RB channels can also be captured in the same manner as an image of one pixel of the G channel sub-pixel.
Next, after imaging, RGB luminance pixel information (luminance image data) is acquired by measuring spectra of the sub-pixel images through a spectrometer (small fiber optical spectrometer) and performing luminance conversion on the basis of the measured spectrum data.
For example, as described below, RGB sub-pixel (BM) input data may be created using the spectrometer.
1. First, in step S32, measurement of the luminances is performed. The sub-pixels of the G channel of the display unit 30 are lit on in a single color, and light is measured by the spectrometer. As a result, for example, spectrum data shown in
In luminance measurement, a spectrometer USB2000+ manufactured by OCEAN OPTICS Inc. is used, a diffuser plate (CC-3-UV-S manufactured by OCEAN OPTICS Inc.) at the leading end of a fiber of the spectrometer is used, and an integration time period is set to 250 ms.
2. Next, in step S34, the image, which is captured through the microscope in step S30, is masked and binarized, and a mask image is created from image data of the captured image. In a method of creating the mask image, in a case of the G channel, for the G channel of the captured image data, an average value of pixel sizes of the light-on BMs is calculated, and mask data is acquired when the average value is set to a threshold value. Then, the mask image is created. The threshold value is an average value of only the G channel of an image corresponding to one pixel in the captured image. Also in a case of RB channel, in a manner similar to that of the G channel, the mask image is created from the image data of the captured image.
3. Subsequently, the luminance data, which is normalized by a resolution x an area having a mask image value, is given to the obtained mask image, and is set as input data.
That is, a location of 1 of (0, 1) mask data of the mask image obtained in the section 2 is replaced with an integral value through the XYZ color matching functions shown in
Subsequently, in step S36, the resolution of the microscope image is different from desired input data (12700 dpi). Therefore, the input data pieces of the RGB sub-pixels obtained in step S34 each are expanded and compressed (reduced) in a bicubic method, the display luminance of the present example is normalized to 1.0 in step S38, and display BM data (normalized luminance image data) is created as input data of 2 pixels×2 pixels shown in
In such a manner, it is possible to acquire the display BM data.
The display BM data, which is obtained in such a manner, becomes normalized luminance image data which is normalized on the basis of the luminance of the reference display. Therefore, even compared with another display, the comparison can be performed on the basis of absolute values.
Meanwhile, before the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2DFFT (base 2)) is performed on the display BM data, it is preferable that input data of 2 pixels×2 pixels is repeatedly copied by an integer multiple approximate to an image size of 5000 pix×5000 pix, and thereby the normalized luminance image data is created as input data for noise evaluation. Here, the image size is arbitrary, and may be set to, for example, 20000 pix×20000 pix.
It should be noted that the input data pieces of the RGB sub-pixels obtained in step S34 each may be set at a resolution of 12700 dpi which is a high resolution through bilinear interpolation, without creation of the input data of 2 pixels×2 pixels, and an image size thereof may be bicubic-converted into 109 pix (pixels)×109 pix (pixels). It should be noted that, if the resolution of the optical imaging system is given, it is possible to calculate the values in accordance with the resolution.
Subsequently, the normalized luminance image, of which the image size is 109 pix×109 pix, with the resolution of 12700 dpi is repeatedly copied by an integer multiple (45 times) approximate to an image size of 5000 pix×5000 pix for each color of RGB, and thereby the normalized luminance image data as input data for noise evaluation may be created.
The method of acquiring the display BM data (normalized luminance image data) indicating the RGB luminance pixel information by capturing images of the RGB sub-pixel array patterns of the display unit 30 is not limited to the method of measuring spectra of the respective sub-pixel images through the above-mentioned spectrometer and performing luminance conversion on the basis of the measured spectrum data. The captured image data may be directly converted into luminance values of the respective colors (RGB).
For example, on the basis of captured image data of the captured image of the sub-pixel array pattern of each color, a luminance value of each color (RGB) is converted, and luminance data (total three data pieces) of RGB is created on the basis of a luminance of the display=1.0.
Assuming that red image data is R, green image data is G, blue image data is B, and the luminance value is Y, for conversion from the captured image into the luminance value, Y (luminance value) is calculated through the following conversion Expression (2), and R, G, and B color filter images (luminance ratio images) are created.
Y=0.300R+0.590G+0.110B (2)
The maximum value of the G sub-pixel (color filter) image (luminance ratio image) obtained in such a manner is 1.0 (=0.25*255), that is, the luminance images of the R, G, and B sub-pixels as references are normalized. Thereby, a normalized luminance image (image data) of each of the RGB sub-pixels can be created.
Next, in process 2, in order to quantify the mesh-shaped wiring pattern 24 of the conductive film 10, an image (transmittance image data) of a combined wiring pattern of the upper and lower wiring patterns 24a and 24b of the conductive film 10 is created. It should be noted that at least one of the wiring patterns 24a and 24b is an irregular mesh pattern (hereinafter referred to as a random mesh pattern). As described above, the random mesh pattern may be on one single side, and a wiring pattern using the transparent conductive layer such as ITO may be on the other single side. In this case, an image (transmittance image data) of a combined wiring pattern of both is indicated by an image (transmittance image data) of the random mesh pattern on the single side.
As shown in
Here, the transmittance image (data) of the random mesh pattern 25a used as at least one of the upper and lower wiring patterns 24a and 24b is created. In the process, first, as shown in
In addition, as described above, instead of the transmittance image (data) of the random mesh pattern 25a, a transmittance image of a random mesh pattern 25b, 25c, 25d, or 25e shown in
In a case where the random mesh pattern 25a is used as the upper and lower wiring patterns 24a and 24b, transmittance image data of a combined wiring pattern in a state where the two random mesh patterns 25a overlaps on the basis of the transmittance image data of both patterns is created.
In a case where the random mesh pattern 25a is used in only one of the upper and lower wiring patterns 24a and 24b, separately transmittance image data of the other wiring pattern is acquired, and the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern in a state where both patterns overlap on the basis of the transmittance image data of both patterns is created. At this time, in a case where the other wiring pattern is a wiring pattern of the transparent conductive layer such as ITO, the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern is created such that values of the transmittance image data are 1.0 as a whole.
It should be noted that at least one transmittance image data piece of the combined wiring pattern, the random mesh pattern 25a, and the other wiring pattern of the mesh-shaped wiring patterns 24a and 24b may be provided or stored in advance. In this case, transmittance image data may be acquired from the provided or stored transmittance image data.
In addition, in the present example, dot data of the seed points p randomly generated in the planar region 100 shown in
First, for example, a canvas having the planar region 100 corresponding to 10 mm (5000 pix×5000 pix) at a resolution of 12700 dpi (2 μm/pix) is prepared. In the canvas, the pitch of a mesh is assumed, and the required number of dots are arranged. For example, regarding the number of dots, assuming that the pitch is 50 μm, since the canvas size is 5000 pix×5000 pix, 50 μm corresponds to 25 pix. Therefore, if the size is divided by 25 pix, 200×200=40000 dots are required. Those are randomly arranged. For example, a combination (a pitch, a dot number) of the assumed pitch and dot number has totally four types of (50 μm, 40000 dots), (1000 μm, 10000 dots), (200 μm, 2500 dots), and (300 μm, 1111 dots). For example, 2 μm and 4 μm are used as line widths at the time of rendering the random mesh pattern.
Further, when the transmittance image data of the random mesh pattern and the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern are created, a resolution thereof is set to, for example, 25400 dpi. In addition, the size of the transmittance image data is defined such that the pixel size is set as, for example, an integer multiple of the size (for example, 109 pix×109 pix) of a cyclic unit approximate to 20000 pix×20000 pix, similarly to the case of the BM pattern 38. In such a manner, the transmittance image data can be created with the defined size.
Next, in process 3, by performing two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2DFFT (base 2)) on each of the normalized luminance image data of the sub-pixels created in process 1 (step S10) and the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern created in process 2 (step S12) and by quantifying both transmittance image data pieces, a spatial frequency of the spectrum peak and a peak spectrum intensity are calculated.
That is, as shown in
First, the peak frequency and the peak intensity are obtained by performing 2DFFT on the luminance image data for noise evaluation obtained in step S10. Here, the peak intensity is treated as an absolute value of the Fourier spectrum.
This process is repeatedly performed for each color of RGB. At this time, if all small intensities not contributing to noise are used, there is concern that calculation may become complicated and accuracy thereof may not be correctly evaluated. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a threshold value on the basis of the intensity. For example, in a case where the absolute value of the spectrum intensity is represented as a common logarithm, it is preferable to employ a value which is larger than −2.2 (log10(intensity)>−2.2).
Subsequently, by performing the 2DFFT on the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern created in step S12, the peak frequency and the peak intensity of the plurality of spectrum peaks of the two-dimensional Fourier spectra of the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern are calculated. Here, the peak intensity is treated as an absolute value. For simplification of calculation, for example, in a case where the absolute value of the spectrum intensity is represented as a common logarithm, it is preferable that, only a threshold value of the intensity greater than −3.0 is treated.
In the drawing showing distribution of intensities of the two-dimensional Fourier spectrum shown in
In a case of changing a point of view, a spatial frequency of the mesh of the combined wiring pattern, an intensity thereof, and a spectrum intensity of the BM are different from those in the front view. For example, if the point of view for the combined wiring pattern is set at 30°, an amount of deviation between the upper mesh pattern and the lower mesh pattern may be set in consideration of a substrate thickness (for example, PET: 100 μm). The spectrum intensity of the BM may be 0.9 times the intensity thereof in the front view.
As described above,
In
Here, the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of the spectrum peaks of the combined wiring pattern and each sub-pixel array pattern of the BM pattern 38 are calculated and acquired in a manner similar to that of the following description. Hereinafter, summary thereof will be described. In addition, hereinafter, the luminance data of the BM pattern 38 (the sub-pixel array pattern of each color) at the time of lighting on for each color is simply referred to as each sub-pixel array pattern of the BM pattern 38 represented as the luminance data. The transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern is simply referred to as the combined wiring pattern represented as the transmittance image data.
First, for peak calculation, the frequency peaks are obtained from basic frequencies of the combined wiring pattern and the sub-pixel array patterns of the BM pattern 38. The reason for this is that, since the luminance image data and the transmittance image data for performing the 2DFFT processing are discrete values, the peak frequency depends on an inverse of the image size. As shown in
That is, as shown in
In addition,
In contrast, in the process of acquiring the peak intensities, the peak positions are obtained by acquiring the peak frequencies, and thus the intensities (absolute values) of the two-dimensional Fourier spectra at the peak positions are obtained.
Here, it is preferable that the obtained peak intensity is normalized by the image area (image size). For example, it is preferable that the intensity is normalized by the above-mentioned image size (Parseval's theorem).
Next, in process 4, a spatial frequency and an intensity of noise are calculated from the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of the transmittance image data of the combined wiring pattern and the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of the luminance data of the BM pattern 38 at the time of lighting on for each color of RGB obtained in process 3 (step S14).
Specifically, as shown in
Here, spatial frequencies and intensities of noises can be calculated through a convolution operation of the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of the sub-pixel array patterns of the respective RGB colors of the peak frequency and the peak intensity of the mesh pattern 24.
In real space, noise is caused by multiplication of the image data pieces (the transmittance image data and the luminance image data) of the combined wiring pattern of the conductive film 10 and the sub-pixel array pattern of the BM pattern 38 at the time of lighting on for each color. Thus, in frequency space, both image data pieces are subjected to convolution integration (convolution). However, in steps S14 and S16, the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of both two-dimensional Fourier spectra of the combined wiring pattern and the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of the BM pattern 38 are calculated. Therefore, a difference (an absolute value of a difference) between both frequency peaks of the combined wiring pattern and the sub-pixel array pattern of a single color of RGB is obtained, the obtained difference is set as a frequency of noise, a product between two sets of vector intensities obtained by combining both is obtained, and the obtained product is set as an intensity (absolute value) of noise.
The frequency of noise and the intensity of noise are obtained for each color of RGB.
Here, the difference between the frequency peaks of the intensity characteristics of both two-dimensional Fourier spectra of the combined wiring pattern and the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of the BM pattern 38 respectively shown in
A plurality of spectrum peaks of both two-dimensional Fourier spectra between the combined wiring pattern and the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of the BM pattern 38 is present for each color. Therefore, a plurality of the differences between the frequency peaks which are values of the relative distances, that is, a plurality of the frequencies of noise is obtained. Consequently, if there are multiple spectrum peaks of both two-dimensional Fourier spectra, there are multiple obtained frequencies of noise, and thus there are multiple obtained intensities of noise.
However, in a case where the intensities of noise at the obtained frequencies of noise are weak, noise is not visually perceived. Thus, it is preferable to deal with only noise of which the intensity of noise is regarded to be weak and is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, for example, noise of which the intensity is equal to or greater than −4.5.
Here, in the display device, the display resolution is determined, thus the highest frequency, at which display can be performed on the display device, is determined depending on the resolution thereof. Hence, noise having a frequency higher than the highest frequency is not displayed on the display device, and therefore it is not necessary to set the noise as an evaluation target in the present invention. Accordingly, the highest frequency of noise can be defined in accordance with the display resolution. Here, the highest frequency of noise, which has to be considered in the present invention, can be set to 1000/Pd (cycle/mm) when the pixel pitch of the pixel array pattern of the display is Pd (μm).
From the above description, in the present invention, in the frequencies and the intensities of noise obtained from the spectrum peaks of both two-dimensional Fourier spectra, noise as the evaluation (quantification) target in the present invention is noise, of which a frequency is equal to or less than the highest frequency of noise of 1000/Pd (for example, 10 cycle/mm in the present example), for example, 8 cycle/mm defined in accordance with the target display resolution (for example, 264 dpi in the present example) and noise of which an intensity of noise is equal to or greater than −4.5. In the present invention, the reason why noise having the intensity of noise equal to or greater than −4.5 is set as a target is as follows. If multiple noises of which the intensity is less than −4.5 occur and thus the sum thereof is used, even originally invisible noise may have to be scored. For this reason, in the present invention, a threshold value, which is equal to or greater than −4.5, is provided from an empirical visibility limit.
Next, in process 5, noise is quantified using the frequency and the intensity of noise for each sub-pixel of each color of RGB calculated in process 4 (step S16), and a quantitative value as an indicator of evaluation of noise is obtained.
That is, as shown in
In the quantification of noise, specifically, in step S18, in the frequencies and the intensities (absolute values) of noises for the sub-pixels of the respective colors of RGB obtained in step S16, a plurality of evaluation values of noises of the respective colors is calculated by applying human visual response characteristics (VTF) corresponding to the observation distance of 750 mm as an example of human visual response characteristics represented by the following Expression (1), that is, by performing convolution integration. Here, in order to score noise, the VTF corresponding to the observation distance of 750 mm is used.
VTF=5.05e−0.138k(1-e0.1k) (1)
k=πdu/180
Here, k is a spatial frequency (cycle/deg) defined by a solid angle, u shown in the above-mentioned Expression (1) is a spatial frequency (cycle/mm) defined by a length, and d is defined by an observation distance (mm).
The visual transfer function represented in the above-mentioned Expression (1) is called a Dooley-Shaw function, and is obtained with reference to description of a reference (R. P. Dooley, R. Shaw: Noise Perception in Electrophotography, J. Appl. Photogr. Eng., 5, 4 (1979), pp. 190-196.).
In such a manner, it is possible to obtain the evaluation value of noise using a common logarithm of the intensity for each color of RGB.
Here, the above-mentioned steps S10 to S18 are repeated for each color of RGB, and the evaluation values of noises of RGB may be obtained. However, in each step of the above-mentioned steps S10 to S18, the calculation may be performed for each color of RGB.
A worst value, that is, a maximum value among the evaluation values of noises of RGB obtained in such a manner is set as the indicator of evaluation (quantitative value) of noise. A value of the indicator of evaluation of noises is obtained as a value (common logarithm value) of a common logarithm of the indicator of evaluation of noises represented by a common logarithm is obtained. It is preferable that evaluation is also performed by combining an evaluation image with RGB display in accordance with calculation of the worst value.
It can be said that the quantitative value of noise, which is the indicator of evaluation of noise, is a value of quantification of moiré and noise in the related art. In the present invention, noise is defined as a state in which a lot of moirés are present. Accordingly, in the present invention, if there is a peak in a single frequency, it is determined that moiré is present. In contrast, if there is a plurality of peaks in the vicinity of a single frequency, it is determined that noise is present.
The above-mentioned indicator of evaluation of noise is obtained in a case where the conductive film 10 laminated on the display screen of the display unit 30 of the display 40 is observed from the front of the display screen. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the indicator of evaluation of noise in a case where observation is performed in a direction oblique to the front may be obtained.
In the case where the indicator of evaluation of noise is obtained in a case where observation is performed in a direction oblique to the front, the intensities of RGB of the display 40 at the time of oblique observation are calculated at 90% of the luminance at the time of front observation, the process returns to step S14, and the peak frequencies and the peak intensities of the Fourier spectra of the respective colors are calculated again. Thereafter, steps S16 to S18 are repeated in a similar manner, and the indicator of evaluation of noise at the time of oblique observation is calculated.
In such a manner, if the indicators of evaluation of noise are calculated at the time of front observation and oblique observation, a large value (worst value) among the indicators of evaluation of noise at the time of front observation and oblique observation is calculated as the indicator of evaluation of noise to be provided for noise evaluation.
In a case where only one of the front observation and the oblique observation is not performed, the indicator of evaluation of noise at the front observation or the oblique observation is set as the indicator of evaluation of noise to be directly provided for noise evaluation.
Next, in process 6, the combined wiring pattern and the random mesh pattern are evaluated and determined on the basis of the indicator of evaluation (quantitative value: worst value) of noise calculated in process 5 (step S16).
That is, as shown in
The reason why the value of the indicator of evaluation of noise is limited to be equal to or less than the predetermined evaluation threshold value as a common logarithm is as follows. If the value is greater than the predetermined evaluation threshold value, noise, which is caused by interference between each sub-pixel array pattern of the BM pattern and the combined wiring pattern overlapping with each other, is visually perceived, and the visually perceived noise offers a sense of discomfort to a user who observes the noise. In a case where the value of the indicator of evaluation of noise is equal to or less than the predetermined evaluation threshold value, the noise may slightly offer a sense of discomfort, but does not matter.
Here, the predetermined evaluation threshold value is appropriately set in accordance with shapes and properties of the conductive film and the display device. Specifically, the shapes and properties includes a line width of the thin metal line 14 of the random mesh pattern 25a, a shape, an angle, and a size (such a pitch) of the cell (opening portion 22), a phase angle (a rotation angle, and a deviation angle) of the wiring pattern of two wiring layers 28, a shape, a size (such a pitch), and arrangement and an angle of the BM pattern 38, and the like. However, for example, the predetermined value is preferably equal to or less than −2.80 (10−28° as an antilogarithm) as a common logarithm. That is, for example, the indicator of evaluation of noise is preferably equal to or less than −2.80 (10−28° as an antilogarithm) as a common logarithm.
Although described in detail later, the indicator of evaluation of noise is obtained for each of the multiple combined wiring patterns, each of which is formed by overlapping various random mesh patterns 25a, by using simulation samples and real samples. Three functional evaluators perform functional evaluation on noise, which is caused by interference between the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of three colors such as RGB of the BM pattern and the combined wiring pattern, with their own eyes. If the indicator of evaluation of noise is equal to or less than −2.80 as a common logarithm, in a state where the display is lit on, in terms of visibility of noise which is caused by interference between the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of three colors such as RGB of the BM pattern and the combined wiring pattern overlapping each other, a level of the noise is better than a level of noise which does not matter even when recognized as deterioration.
Consequently, in the combined wiring pattern optimized in the present invention and the random mesh patterns 25a as components thereof, the indicator of evaluation of noise is preferably specified to be equal to or less than −2.80 (10−2.80 as an antilogarithm) as a common logarithm.
It is apparent that a plurality of optimized random mesh patterns 25a is obtained in accordance with the line width of the thin metal line 14 of the random mesh pattern 25a, the shape of the opening portion 22, the size (pitch and angle), an overlapped state of the random mesh patterns 25a of two wiring layers, and the like. Here, a random mesh pattern 25a having a small common logarithm value of the indicator of evaluation of noise may be a best random mesh pattern 25a, and the plurality of optimized random mesh patterns 25a may be prioritized.
The random mesh pattern 25a, which is evaluated in such a manner and is shown in
In such a manner, the method of determining the wiring patterns on the conductive film of the present invention is terminated, and the evaluated random mesh patterns can be evaluated as wiring patterns on the conductive film of the present invention.
As a result, the BM pattern of the display unit of the display device in a state of lighting on is superposed such that occurrence of noise is suppressed. Thus, also for the display device with a different resolution, it is possible to provide the conductive film of the present invention which is excellent in visibility of noise regardless of the observation distance and has the optimized random mesh pattern.
In the present invention, the optimized random mesh pattern, which is optimized with respect to the predetermined BM pattern, is used. Therefore, occurrence of noise is further suppressed, and image quality becomes further excellent in terms of visibility of noise. Even in a case where the BM patterns overlapping each other slightly change, it is possible to suppress occurrence of noise, and it is possible to maintain excellent performance in terms of visibility of noise.
Hereinbefore, the conductive film according to the present invention, the display device comprising the conductive film, and the method of evaluating the patterns of the conductive film have been described with reference to various embodiments and examples. However, it is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and the examples and may be improved or modified in various forms without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail on the basis of examples.
In the present example, in accordance with the flow of the method of evaluating the conductive film of the present invention shown in
In the pixel array (BM) patterns 38 of the display of Nos. 1 to 16 that have different resolutions, emission intensities, and sub-pixel shapes typified by the G sub-pixel array patterns shown in FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2, multiple random mesh patterns 25a that have random mesh pattern shapes formed of the Voronoi polygons shown in
Results thereof are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
Here, as shown in
Here, the functional evaluation results were obtained in the following manner. The noise is evaluated on 5 levels of 1 to 5. In a case where deterioration of visibility of noise is observed and offers a strong sense of discomfort, the evaluation level is set to 1. In a case where deterioration of visibility of noise is observed and offers a sense of discomfort, the evaluation level is set to 2. In a case where deterioration of visibility of noise is observed and offers a weak sense of discomfort, the evaluation level is set to 3. In a case where deterioration of visibility of noise is observed but does not offer a sense of discomfort, the evaluation level is set to 4. In a case where deterioration of visibility of noise is not observed, the evaluation level is set to 5.
In terms of visibility of noise, noise is allowable if the evaluation level is equal to or greater than 4. However, it is preferable that the evaluation level is 5.
In the present example, the average pitch of the cells (opening portions 22) of the random mesh pattern 25a was changed to 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, and 300 μm.
Further, the line width of the random mesh pattern 25a was changed to 2 μm and 4 μm.
In addition, the resolutions of the display using 8 types of the BM patterns having different BM structures of Nos. 1 to 16 shown in FIGS. 15A1 to 15H2 respectively were 149 dpi in Nos. 1 and 2, 222 dpi in Nos. 3 and 4, 265 dpi in Nos. 5 to 8, 326 dpi in Nos. 9 and 10, 384 dpi in Nos. 11 to 14, and 440 dpi in Nos. 15 and 16.
Furthermore, the emission intensity of the display was normalized by the display LP101WX1 (SL) (n3) (manufactured by LG Display Corp.). When the entire range of the intensity was given as a range of 0 to 255, even in any display, the emission intensity was changed to 64 (luminance 1) in Nos. 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 15, and 128 (luminance 2) in Nos. 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and 16.
For imaging the sub-pixel array pattern of each color of the pixel array (BM) pattern 38, STM6 (manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp.) was used as the microscope, UMPlanFI10x (manufactured by OLYMPUS Corp.) was used as the lens, and QIC-F-CLR-12-C (manufactured by QIMAGING Corp.) was used as the camera. Here, as the imaging conditions, for experiment example, a gain was set to 1.0, and white balance (G, R, B) was set to (1.00, 2.17, 1.12). Further, the captured image was subjected to shading correction.
For measuring luminance, a USB2000+ manufactured by Ocean Optics and a diffuser plate (CC-3-UV-S manufactured by the same company) at the tip of the fiber were used, and the integration time period was set to 250 ms.
Calculation of the indicator of evaluation of noise was performed as described above in the method shown in
It should be noted that, in Table 1-1, “NaN” in items of quantitative values of noise means that since an intensity is small and elements which do not contribute to occurrence of noise are removed through threshold processing, a quantitative value of noise is not obtained, noise does not occur, and noise is not visually perceived.
In Examples 1 to 73 shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2, the indicators of evaluation (evaluation values) thereof were equal to or less than −2.80, and all evaluation results of visibility were equal to or greater than 4. The above-mentioned examples are examples of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in Examples 1 to 13 shown in Table 1-1 as “NaN” in the items of the quantitative values of noise, all evaluation results of visibility were 5. It would appear that there was no occurrence of noise and noise was not visually perceived.
In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 to 55 shown in Tables 1-2 and 1-3, the indicators of evaluation (evaluation values) were greater than −2.80, and the evaluation results were equal to or less than 3. It would appear that noise, which was likely to offer a sense of discomfort, was visually perceived.
In the present example, instead of the multiple random mesh patterns 25a that have random mesh pattern shapes such as Voronoi polygons or Delaunay triangles used in Example I as shown in
Results thereof are shown in Table 2.
In the present Example II, the inclination angles of the oblique sides of a polygon as a base figure constituting each cell (opening portion 22) of the random mesh patterns 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e were changed to 30°, 35°, and 40°.
Further, the average pitches of the cells (opening portions 22) of the random mesh patterns 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e were changed to 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, and 400 μm.
Furthermore, the line widths of the random mesh patterns 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e were changed to 2 μm and 4 μm.
In addition, the image resolutions thereof were changed to 6350 dpi and 12700 dpi.
In Examples 80 to 97 shown in Table 2, the indicators of evaluation (evaluation values) thereof were equal to or less than −2.80, and all evaluation results of visibility were equal to or greater than 4. The above-mentioned examples are examples of the present invention.
In contrast, in Comparative Examples 60 to 72 shown in Table 2, the indicators of evaluation (evaluation values) were greater than −2.80, and the evaluation results were equal to or less than 3. It would appear that noise, which was likely to offer a sense of discomfort, was visually perceived.
From the above description, in the conductive film of the present invention having the combined wiring pattern which includes at least one random mesh pattern and allows the quantitative value (indicator of evaluation) of noise to satisfy the range, even if the cycles and the intensities of the BM patterns of the display, the emission intensity of the display, and the like are different, even at the time of front observation, and even at the time of oblique observation, it is possible to suppress occurrence of noise, and it is possible to greatly improve visibility.
From the above description, effects of the present invention are clarified.
In the present invention, in a manner similar to that of the above-mentioned experiment examples, wiring patterns having various pattern shapes are provided in advance, and thus it is possible to determine the conductive film that has wiring patterns including a random mesh pattern in which the entirety or a part of at least one of the upper and lower wiring patterns constituting the combined wiring pattern optimized in the evaluation method of the present invention is randomized. However, in a case where the indicator of evaluation of noise for the single wiring pattern is greater than a predetermined value, it is possible to determine the conductive film which has the optimized wiring pattern by repeating the following process: transmittance image data of the random mesh pattern is updated to transmittance image data of a new random mesh pattern, transmittance image data of a new combined wiring pattern is created, and the quantitative value (the indicator of evaluation) of noise is obtained by applying the above-mentioned evaluation method of the present invention.
Here, the updated new random mesh pattern may be provided in advance, and may be newly created. It should be noted that, in the case where the pattern is newly created, any one or more of the rotation angle, the pitch, and the pattern width of the transmittance image data of the random mesh pattern may be changed, and the shape and the size of the opening portion of the wiring pattern may be changed. In the present invention, it is apparent that it is necessary for at least one of the combined wiring patterns to employ the random mesh pattern in at least one part thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-210751 | Oct 2014 | JP | national |
| 2015-074618 | Mar 2015 | JP | national |
This application is a Continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2015/078976 filed on Oct. 14, 2015, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-210751 filed on Oct. 15, 2014 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-074618 filed on Mar. 31, 2015. Each of the above applications is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2015/078976 | Oct 2015 | US |
| Child | 15487741 | US |
