This disclosure relates generally to equipment utilized and operations performed in conjunction with a subterranean well and, in an example described below, more particularly provides improved configurations of fluidic oscillators.
There are many situations in which it would be desirable to produce oscillations in fluid flow in a well. For example, in steam flooding operations, pulsations in flow of the injected steam can enhance sweep efficiency. In production operations, pressure fluctuations can encourage flow of hydrocarbons through rock pores, and pulsating jets can be used to clean well screens. In stimulation operations, pulsating jet flow can be used to initiate fractures in formations. These are just a few examples of a wide variety of possible applications for oscillating fluid flow.
Therefore, it will be appreciated that improvements would be beneficial in the art of manufacturing fluidic oscillator inserts.
In the disclosure below, a technique for forming a fluidic oscillator insert is provided which brings improvements to the art. One example is described below in which the insert has a fluidic oscillator formed on a planar surface thereof. Another example is described below in which the insert has a conical housing engagement surface formed thereon.
In one aspect, this disclosure provides to the art a method of manufacturing a fluidic oscillator insert for use in a subterranean well. The method can include forming the insert with a conical housing engagement surface thereon, and forming at least one fluidic oscillator on a substantially planar surface of the insert.
In another aspect, this disclosure provides to the art a well tool. The well tool can include a housing assembly, at least one insert received in the housing assembly, the insert having a fluidic oscillator formed on a first surface thereof, the insert being at least partially secured in the housing assembly by engagement of conical second and third surfaces formed on the insert and housing assembly, and a cover which closes off the first surface on the insert.
In yet another aspect, a insert for use in a well tool is provided. The insert can include an exterior conical surface, and at least one fluidic oscillator formed on a substantially planar surface. The fluidic oscillator produces oscillations in response to fluid flow through the fluidic oscillator.
These and other features, advantages and benefits will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon careful consideration of the detailed description of representative examples below and the accompanying drawings, in which similar elements are indicated in the various figures using the same reference numbers.
Representatively illustrated in
The fluid 22 could be steam, water, gas, fluid previously produced from the formation 26, fluid produced from another formation or another interval of the formation 26, or any other type of fluid from any source. It is not necessary, however, for the fluid 22 to be flowed outward into the formation 26 or outward through the well tool 12, since the principles of this disclosure are also applicable to situations in which fluid is produced from a formation, or in which fluid is flowed inwardly through a well tool.
Broadly speaking, this disclosure is not limited at all to the one example depicted in
Referring additionally now to
The well tool 12 depicted in
Secured within the housing assembly 30 are three inserts 34, 36, 38. The inserts 34, 36, 38 produce oscillations in the flow of the fluid 22 through the well tool 12.
More specifically, the upper insert 34 produces oscillations in the flow of the fluid 22 outwardly through two opposing ports 40 (only one of which is visible in
Of course, other numbers and arrangements of inserts and ports, and other directions of fluid flow may be used in other examples.
Referring additionally now to
The insert 34 depicted in
The fluid 22 flows into the fluidic oscillator 50 via the fluid input 54, and at least a majority of the fluid 22 alternately flows through the two fluid outputs 56, 58. That is, the majority of the fluid 22 flows outwardly via the fluid output 56, then it flows outwardly via the fluid output 58, then it flows outwardly through the fluid output 56, then through the fluid output 58, etc., back and forth repeatedly.
In the example of
It also is not necessary for the fluid outputs 56, 58 to be structurally separated as in the example of
Referring additionally now to
The fluid 22 is received into the fluidic oscillator 50 via the inlet 54, and a majority of the fluid flows from the inlet to either the outlet 56 or the outlet 58 at any given point in time. The fluid 22 flows from the inlet 54 to the outlet 56 via one fluid path 60, and the fluid flows from the inlet to the other outlet 58 via another fluid path 62.
In one unique aspect of the fluidic oscillator 50, the two fluid paths 60, 62 cross each other at a crossing 65. A location of the crossing 65 is determined by shapes of walls 64, 66 of the fluidic oscillator 50 which outwardly bound the flow paths 60, 62.
When a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 60, the well-known Coanda effect tends to maintain the flow adjacent the wall 64. When a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 62, the Coanda effect tends to maintain the flow adjacent the wall 66.
A fluid switch 68 is used to alternate the flow of the fluid 22 between the two fluid paths 60, 62. The fluid switch 68 is formed at an intersection between the inlet 54 and the two fluid paths 60, 62.
A feedback fluid path 70 is connected between the fluid switch 68 and the fluid path 60 downstream of the fluid switch and upstream of the crossing 65. Another feedback fluid path 72 is connected between the fluid switch 68 and the fluid path 62 downstream of the fluid switch and upstream of the crossing 65.
When pressure in the feedback fluid path 72 is greater than pressure in the other feedback fluid path 70, the fluid 22 will be influenced to flow toward the fluid path 60. When pressure in the feedback fluid path 70 is greater than pressure in the other feedback fluid path 72, the fluid 22 will be influenced to flow toward the fluid path 62. These relative pressure conditions are alternated back and forth, resulting in a majority of the fluid 22 flowing alternately via the fluid paths 60, 62.
For example, if initially a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 60 (with the Coanda effect acting to maintain the fluid flow adjacent the wall 64), pressure in the feedback fluid path 70 will become greater than pressure in the feedback fluid path 72. This will result in the fluid 22 being influenced (in the fluid switch 68) to flow via the other fluid path 62.
When a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 62 (with the Coanda effect acting to maintain the fluid flow adjacent the wall 66), pressure in the feedback fluid path 72 will become greater than pressure in the feedback fluid path 70. This will result in the fluid 22 being influenced (in the fluid switch 68) to flow via the other fluid path 60.
Thus, a majority of the fluid 22 will alternate between flowing via the fluid path 60 and flowing via the fluid path 62. Note that, although the fluid 22 is depicted in
Note that the fluidic oscillator 50 of
Referring additionally now to
Instead, the fluid outputs 56, 58 discharge the fluid 22 in the same general direction (downward as viewed in
Referring additionally now to
The structure 76 beneficially reduces a flow area of each of the fluid paths 60, 62 upstream of the crossing 65, thereby increasing a velocity of the fluid 22 through the crossing and somewhat increasing the fluid pressure in the respective feedback fluid paths 70, 72.
This increased pressure is alternately present in the feedback fluid paths 70, 72, thereby producing more positive switching of fluid paths 60, 62 in the fluid switch 68. In addition, when initiating flow of the fluid 22 through the fluidic oscillator 50, an increased pressure difference between the feedback fluid paths 70, 72 helps to initiate the desired switching back and forth between the fluid paths 60, 62.
Referring additionally now to
However, a majority of the fluid 22 will exit the fluidic oscillator 50 of
Referring additionally now to
Thus, the
Referring additionally now to
The structure 78 reduces the flow areas of the fluid paths 60, 62 just upstream of a fluid path 80 which connects the fluid paths 60, 62. The velocity of the fluid 22 flowing through the fluid paths 60, 62 is increased due to the reduced flow areas of the fluid paths.
The increased velocity of the fluid 22 flowing through each of the fluid paths 60, 62 can function to draw some fluid from the other of the fluid paths. For example, when a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 60, its increased velocity due to the presence of the structure 78 can draw some fluid through the fluid path 80 into the fluid path 60. When a majority of the fluid 22 flows via the fluid path 62, its increased velocity due to the presence of the structure 78 can draw some fluid through the fluid path 80 into the fluid path 62.
It is possible that, properly designed, this can result in more fluid being alternately discharged from the fluid outputs 56, 58 than fluid 22 being flowed into the input 54. Thus, fluid can be drawn into one of the outputs 56, 68 while fluid is being discharged from the other of the outputs.
Referring additionally now to
Fluid can be drawn from one of the outputs 56, 58 to the other output via the fluid path 80. Thus, fluid can enter one of the outputs 56, 58 while fluid is being discharged from the other output.
This is due in large part to the increased velocity of the fluid 22 caused by the structure 78 (e.g., the increased velocity of the fluid in one of the fluid paths 60, 62 causes eduction of fluid from the other of the fluid paths 60, 62 via the fluid path 80). At the intersections between the fluid paths 60, 62 and the respective feedback fluid paths 70, 72, pressure can be significantly reduced due to the increased velocity, thereby reducing pressure in the respective feedback fluid paths.
In the
One difference between the
Referring additionally now to
In the configuration of
In one unique aspect of the well tool 12, an exterior conical housing engagement surface 80 is formed on each of the inserts 34, 36, 38. The conical surfaces 80 engage respective interior conical surfaces 82 formed in the housing assembly 30.
The engagement between the conical surfaces 80, 82 is enhanced by pressure differentials longitudinally across the inserts 34, 36, 38 due to flow of the fluid 22 through the well tool 12, thereby further securing the inserts in the housing assembly. The use of conical surfaces 80, 82 also provides for convenient assembly of the well tool 12.
Note that the term “conical” is used herein to indicate a surface which is at least partially in the form of a cone. The surfaces 80, 82 are more precisely frusto-conical in form, and so it should be understood that the term “conical” as used herein encompasses frusto-conical surfaces.
The fluidic oscillators 50 are formed on a substantially planar surface 84 of each insert 34, 36, 38. A cover 86 encloses each of the fluidic oscillators 50 by closing off an outer side of the fluidic oscillator. However, it is not necessary for the cover 86 to fully sealingly engage the planar surface 84 (for example, partial sealing engagement could be adequate in some examples, etc.).
Referring additionally now to
The fluidic oscillator 50 depicted in
The cover 86 has the conical surface 80 formed thereon, so that the cover “completes” the conical exterior surface of the insert 38. Together, the insert 38 with the cover 86 fully engage the surface 82 formed in the housing assembly 30 to secure the insert 38 therein.
Referring additionally now to
In other examples, a longitudinal flow passage can be provided in the inserts 34, 36 to allow the fluid 22 to flow past the inserts to other inserts downstream, without flowing through the fluidic oscillators 50.
It can now be fully appreciated that the above disclosure provides several advancements to the art of manufacturing fluidic oscillator inserts. The inserts 34, 36, 38 described above allow for convenient assembly into the housing assembly 30 of the well tool 12, and allow for the fluidic oscillators 50 to be formed on each insert using conventional machining techniques (such a milling, etc.). In the configurations of
The above disclosure provides to the art a method of manufacturing a fluidic oscillator insert 38 for use in a subterranean well. The method can include forming the insert 38 with a conical housing engagement surface 80 thereon, and forming at least one fluidic oscillator 50 on a substantially planar surface 84 of the insert 38.
A side of the fluidic oscillator 50 may be closed off by engagement between the insert 38 and a cover 86 which engages the substantially planar surface 84. The cover 86 may sealingly engage the substantially planar surface 84. The cover 86 may also have the conical housing engagement surface 80 formed thereon.
The conical surface 80 may comprise an exterior surface of the insert 38.
Also provided by the above disclosure is a well tool 12 which may comprise a housing assembly 30, at least one insert 38 received in the housing assembly 30, the insert 38 having a fluidic oscillator 50 formed on a first surface 84 thereof, the insert 38 being at least partially secured in the housing assembly 30 by engagement of conical second and third surfaces 80, 82 formed on the insert 38 and housing assembly 30, and a cover 86 which closes off the first surface 84 on the insert 38.
The first surface 84 can be substantially planar.
The conical second and third surfaces 80, 82 may comprise respective exterior and interior surfaces of the insert 38 and housing assembly 30.
Also described above is an insert 38 for use in a well tool 12. The insert 38 can comprise a conical housing engagement surface 80, and at least one fluidic oscillator 50 formed on a substantially planar surface 84 The fluidic oscillator 50 produces oscillations in response to fluid 22 flow through the fluidic oscillator 50.
The fluidic oscillator 50 can include a fluid input 54, and first and second fluid outputs 56, 58 on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis 74 of the fluidic oscillator 50, whereby a majority of fluid 22 which flows through the fluidic oscillator 50 exits the fluidic oscillator 50 alternately via the first and second fluid outputs 56, 58. The fluidic oscillator 50 can also include first and second fluid paths 60, 62 from the input 54 to the respective first and second fluid outputs 56, 58, with the first and second fluid paths 60, 62 crossing each other between the fluid input 54 and the respective first and second fluid outputs 56, 58.
It is to be understood that the various examples described above may be utilized in various orientations, such as inclined, inverted, horizontal, vertical, etc., and in various configurations, without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings are depicted and described merely as examples of useful applications of the principles of the disclosure, which are not limited to any specific details of these embodiments.
In the above description of the representative examples of the disclosure, directional terms, such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” etc., are used for convenience in referring to the accompanying drawings.
Of course, a person skilled in the art would, upon a careful consideration of the above description of representative embodiments, readily appreciate that many modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, and other changes may be made to these specific embodiments, and such changes are within the scope of the principles of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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