This application claims priority of German patent application no. 20 2022 105 156.9, filed Sep. 13, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The disclosure relates to a connecting assembly for the force-transmitting attachment of a first force-absorbing structural part to a second force-absorbing structural part. The disclosure is also directed to a structure with such a connecting assembly.
US 2022/0243451 discloses a generic connecting assembly for the force-transmitting attachment of a first force-absorbing structural part to a second force-absorbing structural part. The first force-absorbing structural part can be, for example, a balcony slab and the second force-absorbing structural part the ceiling of a building. The connecting assembly is provided for subsequent attachment of the first force-absorbing structural part to the second force-absorbing structural part. The first force-absorbing structural part can be produced, for example, as a prefabricated part in the prefabrication plant and be transported to the construction site. Pouring and setting the first force-absorbing structural part on site is no longer required. Crane times can be minimized as a result and the structure can be erected quickly. A disadvantage of such known assemblies is that structural tolerances have to be taken into account and compensated before the connection of the second structural part. In the case of a plurality of compression elements, it must be ensured that all the compression elements contribute almost equally to the dissipation of loads. Otherwise, the element under the greatest load can fail. After that, the further compression elements can also fail one after the other because they are overloaded.
It is an object of the disclosure to provide a connecting assembly of the generic type which enables compensation of tolerances at the compression element in a simple fashion. A further object of the disclosure includes providing a structure which enables compensation of tolerances at the compression element in a simple fashion.
This object is achieved with respect to the connecting assembly by a connecting assembly for a force-transmitting attachment of a first force-absorbing structural part to a second force-absorbing structural part. The connecting assembly includes: a tensile force-transmitter; a shearing force-transmitter; a compressive force-transmitter; the compressive force-transmitter including at least one compression element defining a rod-like section made of metallic material; a joint disposed between the first and second force-absorbing structural parts; the rod-like section being arranged in the joint between the first and second force-absorbing structural parts; and, the rod-like section defining a flow section having a constant cross-sectional area reduced relative to the rod-like section.
Compression elements of such assemblies are configured according to relevant standards such that the forces acting on the compression elements can be transmitted safely with the corresponding safety factor. This assumes that all the compression elements taken into account during the calculation also contribute to the load dissipation, that is, are attached to both structural parts in a force-transmitting fashion. In order to enable this force-transmitting attachment to both structural parts also in the case of positional tolerances of the structural parts and the parts of the connecting assembly relative to one another, it is provided according to the disclosure that a rod-like section of the compression element which is provided for arrangement in a joint between the structural parts has a flow section with a constant cross-sectional area which is reduced compared with the rod-like section. Because of the reduced cross-sectional area, the flow section is a section in which the elastic limit of the metallic material is exceeded earlier than in the rest of the rod-like section. If all the compression elements do not contribute equally to the load dissipation because of tolerances, an excessively high force, for which the compression element is not configured, acts on the compression elements over which the load is dissipated. As a result, the elastic limit of the material can be exceeded in the flow section and the material in the flow section is plastically deformed under the exertion of compressive force. The length of the flow section of this compression element thus reduces until a spacing which still exists from one of the structural parts is overcome and the at least one further compression element lies between the structural parts so that it can transmit compressive force. It can consequently advantageously be achieved that, after the exertion of correspondingly high forces which have caused a plastic deformation of the flow section of at least one compression element, all the compression elements lie between the structural parts so that they can transmit compressive force, and contribute to the load dissipation. Uniform load dissipation takes place in the breaking load range. Structural tolerances can be compensated within certain limits by the compression elements themselves. The arrangement of tolerance-compensating elements such as washers, levelling pastes or the like can consequently advantageously be eliminated. Because it is ensured that all the compression elements contribute to dissipating the load, overloading of individual compression elements and consequently failure of the force-transmitting connection can be avoided safely in a simple fashion.
The cross-section of the flow section and the length of the rod-like section are advantageously coordinated with each other such that the material in the flow section reaches its elastic limit under a compressive load before the rod-like section buckles. It can consequently be ensured that the compression element does not fail by buckling before the flow section reaches its elastic limit and is plastically deformed because of the compressive load. Adapting the cross-section can here be adapting the size and/or the shape of the cross-section. Alternatively, buckling of the rod-like section can also be prevented in a different manner, for example by reducing the buckling length by supporting elements.
The rod-like section does not have to bridge the whole joint. It can be provided that further elements are arranged in the joint and form a part of the compression element. In particular, fastening elements for the rod-like section, for example a nut, at which the rod-like section is retained can be arranged in the joint.
The cross-sectional area of the flow section is advantageously 55% to 80%, in particular 56% to 76% of the maximum cross-sectional area of the rod-like section. In the case of usual dimensions of the connecting assembly, such buckling of the compression element can be prevented simply before the elastic limit in the flow section is reached.
The rod-like section is preferably made from stainless steel or high-strength steel.
The width of the flow section is advantageously 15% to 25%, in particular 17% to 23% of the maximum external diameter of the rod-like section. It is intended that the width of the flow section, on the one hand, is as large as possible in order to allow the compensation of large tolerances satisfactorily and, on the other hand, the width of the flow section must not be so large that the rod-like section can buckle in the flow section.
The width of the flow section is especially 3 mm to 15 mm. The width of the flow section is especially at least 5 mm and is advantageously at least 8 mm. The width of the flow section is especially at most 14 mm and is advantageously at most 13 mm and especially at most 10 mm.
The flow section is advantageously limited on at least one side by a shoulder. The flow section is preferably limited on both sides by a shoulder. At the shoulder, the flow section merges, with a wall which runs approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the rod-like section, into that region of the rod-like section which adjoins the flow section. The flow section is formed in particular by a straight neck. The flow section is advantageously a groove in the rod-like section. It can alternatively be provided that the flow section forms one end of the rod-like section and is configured as a straight pin. A relatively constant deformation characteristic of the compression element can be obtained by a flow section with a constant cross-section which merges via a shoulder into the adjoining sections of the rod-like section. A strictly linear curve of the force/strain diagram is not possible even in the case of a constant cross-section of the flow section because of the increase in the diameter of the flow section which results during the deformation.
The rod-like section is advantageously configured outside the flow section as a smooth rod or threaded rod, wherein the smooth rod or threaded rod has a constant external diameter. It can consequently be ensured simply with the use of a small amount of material that the material of the rod-like section first reaches the elastic limit in the flow section.
The compression element is in particular a compression rod. The rod-like section can here be routed out of the joint with the same material and diameter into one of the force-absorbing structural parts or both force-absorbing structural parts, and be embedded therein. The compression rod can be a long rod of a single material which can have a constant external diameter with the exception of the flow section. Alternatively, the rod-like section and possibly an adjoining section of the compression rod can be formed from a different material than the section provided to be embedded in a force-absorbing structural part. In particular, at least the rod-like section, that is, that region of the compression rod which is provided for arrangement in the joint, and preferably a transition section adjoining it, are formed from stainless steel. Adjoining sections of the compression rod can be formed from structural steel. The compression rod can be configured as a smooth rod or be provided with a thread or ribbing.
In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that the compression element includes a pressure plate for embedding in a structural part. In particular, the compression element includes a pressure plate for embedding in the second structural part. However, a different arrangement with a pressure plate in the first structural part can also be provided. The compressive forces which are to be introduced can be introduced uniformly into the surrounding concrete of the corresponding structural part via the pressure plate.
The compression element advantageously includes precisely one flow section. However, in an alternative embodiment it can be provided that the compression element includes at least two flow sections. Larger tolerances can be compensated as a result.
The connecting assembly is advantageously a connecting assembly for subsequent mounting of the first structural part on the second structural part. The connecting assembly is advantageously configured such that the first force-transmitting structural part can be fixed on the second structural part after completion of the first force-transmitting structural part and the second force-transmitting structural part. At least the first structural part can here be a prefabricated part made from reinforcing steel which is produced in a prefabrication plant and is then transported to a construction site in order to be connected there to the second structural part. Alternatively, the first structural part can be a steel part. For example, the first structural part can include a plurality of steel beams which form a support structure for a balcony or the like. Because the two structural parts are completed first and then connected to each other, crane times can be minimized and the structure can be erected quickly.
In an alternative embodiment, the connecting assembly can also be advantageous for a first structural part, where the first structural part is erected on the construction site, for example using in-situ concrete, and where those parts of the connecting assembly which are provided for embedding in the first structural part are already attached to the second structural part when the first structural part is erected. The proposed tolerance compensation of the compression elements can also be advantageous in the case of such structural parts erected on site.
For a structure, it is provided that the structure includes a connecting assembly for the force-transmitting attachment of a first force-absorbing structural part to a second force-absorbing structural part.
The width of the flow section is advantageously 3% to 15%, in particular 5% to 10% of the width of the joint.
The width of the flow section is advantageously 3 mm to 15 mm, in particular 3 mm to 10 mm. Large structural tolerances can consequently be compensated satisfactorily and buckling of the compression element in the flow section can advantageously be avoided. The width of the flow section is especially 3 mm to 15 mm. The width of the flow section is especially at least 5 mm and advantageously at least 8 mm. Especially, the width of the flow section is at most 14 mm and is advantageously at most 13 mm and especially at most 10 mm.
It can be provided that insulating material, in particular an insulating body, is arranged in the joint. It can, however, also be provided that no insulating material is arranged in the joint.
The spacing of the flow section from the first structural part is advantageously less than 50% of the width of the joint, in particular less than 40% of the width of the joint. The flow section is preferably not arranged centrally in the joint and instead is arranged closer to the first structural part. The first structural part is here advantageously a structural part fastened to the second structural part, for example a cantilevered structural part such as a balcony or the like. The spacing of the flow section from that end of the rod-like section which is arranged close to the first structural part is advantageously less than 20% of the width of the joint. Arrangement close to the second structural part can, however, also be advantageous.
Compression elements with a flow section are particularly advantageous when the first force-absorbing structural part is connected via at least three compression elements with a flow section to the second force-absorbing structural part. In the case of at least three compression elements, tolerances between the compression elements can advantageously be compensated via the flow section such that the same load is dissipated over each compression element such that a uniform load dissipation results and overloading of individual compression elements is avoided.
The spacing between adjacent compression elements is advantageously at least 8 cm. The first structural part is advantageously a steel part or a reinforced concrete part. The first structural part is particularly preferably a cantilevered structural part, for example a balcony slab.
An assembly which includes respectively tensile force-transmitting means, shearing force-transmitting means and compressive force-transmitting means particularly preferably forms a module. Such a module can be, for example, a thermally insulating structural element in which the tensile force-transmitting means, shearing force-transmitting means and compressive force-transmitting means are connected to one another via an insulating body. It can also be provided that the tensile force-transmitting means, shearing force-transmitting means and compressive force-transmitting means are connected to one another in a different manner. It can also be provided that those parts of a connecting assembly which form a module are not connected to one another or only partially. The module advantageously includes at least two, in particular at least three compression elements. Each module advantageously has a width, measured in the longitudinal direction of the joint, of at least 30 cm, in particular at least 50 cm. A width of at least 30 cm is in particular provided when the module includes three or more compression elements and/or at least two tensile force-transmitting elements, in particular tension rods. A width of at least 50 cm is in particular advantageous when the module includes three or more tensile force-transmitting elements, in particular tension rods, in both structural parts.
The first structural part is advantageously connected to the second structural part via at least two, in particular at least three modules. The compression elements of a module are advantageously arranged relative to one another with a smaller spacing in the longitudinal direction of the joint than the compression elements of adjacent modules.
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein:
The connecting assembly 1 includes tensile force-transmitting means, shearing force-transmitting means and compressive force-transmitting means. In the embodiment, the tensile force-transmitting means are tension rods, wherein first tension rods 9 are embedded in the first force-absorbing structural part 2 and second tension rods 10 in the second force-absorbing structural part 3. The first tension rods 9 and the second tension rods 10 are connected to one another via a connection which is produced subsequently and is described in more detail below. An integral configuration of the tension rods 9 with the tension rods 10 can also be provided when the connecting assembly 1 is not provided for subsequent attachment.
The shearing force-transmitting means include a shear rod 16 and a bearing bracket 17 on the second structural part 3, and a support bracket 31 which is retained with a compression rod 20 in the first structural part 2.
The compressive force-transmitting means include the compression rod 20, the support bracket 31, the bearing bracket 17 and a compression element 8 which is formed by a compression rod 19 which is embedded in the second force-absorbing structural part 3. The compression rod 20, support bracket 31 and bearing bracket 17 accordingly interact both for the shearing force transmission and for the compressive force transmission. In the embodiment, a shuttering unit 34 is provided against which the support bracket 31 bears and which forms a recess for the bearing bracket 17 during the production of the first force-absorbing structural part 2. The support bracket 31, optionally together with the shuttering unit 34, is laid on top of the bearing bracket 17 when the first force-absorbing structural part 2 is attached to the second force-absorbing structural part 3, such that forces can be transmitted in a horizontal and vertical direction via the support bracket 31 and the bearing bracket 17.
The tensile force-transmitting means, the shearing force-transmitting means and/or the compressive force-transmitting means of the embodiment are shown and described by way of example and can also be formed by other elements. Such means for transmitting tensile forces, shearing forces and/or compressive forces are known to a person skilled in the art in different forms. A load application bracket or a thrust bearing can, for example, be provided instead of the compression rod 20.
In the embodiment, the connecting assembly 1 is configured as a thermally insulating structural element. The connecting assembly 1 includes an insulating body 5 which is arranged in a joint 4 between the structural parts 2 and 3. In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that no insulating body 5 is arranged in the joint 4. In the embodiment, the tensile force-transmitting means, shearing force-transmitting means and compressive force-transmitting means of the second structural part 3 are advantageously connected to one another via the insulating body 5 before embedding in the second force-absorbing structural part 3. One or more shear rods 16 advantageously form a structural unit with a bearing bracket 17 and one or more compression rods 19 before embedding in the second force-absorbing structural part 3. The tension rods 10 can be connected to this structural unit or be formed separately from this structural unit.
The insulating body 5 has a first longitudinal side 6 which is arranged adjacent to the second structural part 3. In the embodiment, the insulating body 5 bears against the second structural part 3 with its longitudinal side 6. The opposite longitudinal side 7 lies adjacent to the first structural part 2. In the embodiment, a gap is formed between the longitudinal side 7 of the insulating body 5 and the first force-absorbing structural part 2.
The joint 4 has a longitudinal direction 28 which is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the insulating body 5. The joint 4 moreover has a transverse direction 29 which runs from the first force-absorbing structural part 2, through the joint 4 and to the second force-absorbing structural part 3. A vertical direction 30 of the joint 4 runs in the joint 4 between the structural parts 2 and 3 and is advantageously oriented perpendicularly in the installed state. The longitudinal direction 28, the transverse direction 29 and the vertical direction 30 run perpendicularly to one another.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the embodiment, five first tension rods 9 and four second tension rods 10, together with in each case two associated compression rods 19 and 20, two shear rods 16 and a bearing bracket 17, form a module 40. A different number of force-transmitting elements can also be advantageous. A plurality of modules 40 are advantageously arranged over the length of the joint 4 for attachment of the first force-absorbing structural part 2 to the second force-absorbing structural part 3. In the embodiment, the width of the connecting plate 11 determines the width h of the module 40 which is measured in the longitudinal direction 28 of the joint 4.
The flow section 23 has a cross-section which is reduced compared with the adjoining regions of the rod-like section 22. As shown in
In the embodiment, the rod-like section 22 and the flow section 23 have circular cross-sections. Alternatively, other cross-sectional shapes can also be provided. In the case of a non-circular cross-section, the term “diameter” refers in the present case to the maximum width of the cross-section.
The width b of the flow section 23 is advantageously 15% to 25%, in particular 17% to 23% of the maximum external diameter d of the rod-like section 22. The width of the flow section 23 is preferably 3% to 15%, in particular 5% to 10% of the width f of the joint 4. The width b of the flow section is advantageously 3 mm to 15 mm, in particular 3 mm to 10 mm. The width of the flow section 23 is especially at least 5 mm, advantageously at least 8 mm. Especially, the width b of the flow section 23 is at most 14 mm, advantageously at most 13 mm and especially at most 10 mm. A spacing c of the flow section 23 from the first structural part 2 is advantageously less than a spacing i of the flow section 23 from the second structural part 3. The spacing c of the flow section 23 from the first structural part 2 is advantageously less than 50% of the width f of the joint 4, in particular less than 40% of the width f of the joint 4. The spacing m of the flow section 23 from that end of the rod-like section 22 which lies close to the first force-absorbing structural part 2 is advantageously less than 20% of the width f of the joint 4. In the embodiment, the spacing c corresponds to the spacing m. In the embodiment, the rod-like section 22 projects as far as the first force-absorbing structural part 2. In an alternative embodiment, further elements, for example the nuts 37 illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that the first section 38 and the second section 39 have the same diameter d. Such a configuration is illustrated in
A further embodiment of a compression rod 19 is shown in
The described configurations of the compression rods 19 are given purely by way of example. Further advantageous embodiments of compression rods 19 result from any desired combination of rod-like sections which are configured as a smooth rod, threaded rod and/or reinforcing steel, that is, rod-like steel with ribbing.
An alternative embodiment of a compression element 45, which is provided to be embedded in the second force-absorbing structural part 3, is illustrated in
As shown in
As illustrated in
By virtue of the tolerances, in the installed situation illustrated by way of example in
The solid line 44 represents the force/travel curve in the case of a rod-like section 22 with a flow section 23 according to the disclosure. At first, the force F rises in accordance with the line 43 approximately proportionally to the travel s. When a force F2 is reached, the material in the flow section 23 reaches its elastic limit and begins to be plastically deformed, that is, to flow. The deformation travel consequently increases relatively sharply as the force continues to rise. The rise in the force F slows down. The slope of the line 44 is less than the slope of the line 43 after exceeding the force F2. After reaching the force F1 and after a deformation travel s2, the rod-like section 22 buckles and breaks. The deformation travel s2 is here greater than the deformation travel s1. The force beyond which the rod-like section 22 with the flow section 23 buckles can also be slightly less than the force F1 at which a rod-like section 22 with no flow section 23 buckles. The flatter rise in the load when the force F1 is exceeded enables differences in tolerances to be compensated.
In the embodiment, a possible configuration of a connecting assembly 1 is illustrated in
The rod-like sections 22 can in all embodiments have a constant external diameter, or sections with different external diameters, outside the flow section 23 and be configured as a smooth rod, threaded rod, reinforcing steel rod or any desired combination of these embodiments. The anchoring of the compression elements 8, 45 in the second force-absorbing structural part 3 can be chosen suitably and is not limited to the embodiments illustrated and combinations with rod-like sections 22. The anchoring of the compression elements 8, 45 in the second force-absorbing structural part 3 can be configured, for example, as a compression rod 19, pressure plate 35 or in another fashion for introducing compressive forces and be combined as desired with the described configurations of rod-like sections 22.
In all the embodiments, the compression elements 8, 45 are provided for embedding in the second force-absorbing structural part 3. Alternatively, in all the embodiments, embedding in the first force-absorbing structural part 2 can also be provided.
It is understood that the foregoing description is that of the preferred embodiments of the invention and that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20 2022 105 156.9 | Sep 2022 | DE | national |