Patent Application
20080136716
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The present invention relates generally to an electronic connector assembly with integral wireless antenna, and specifically in one embodiment to antenna and circuitry configurations used for transmitting and/or receiving data via the integrated wireless antenna.
Existing telecommunications standards such as the now ubiquitous IEEE 802.x, et seq. provide the capability to deliver data over e.g. standard telecommunications cabling such as Ethernet cable. Further, existing wireless standards such as 802.11a/b/g permit data delivery over wireless networks. Various connectors and antenna structures exist in the prior art to facilitate the interconnection of both wired and wireless electronic components in systems employing both non-standard and standard telecommunications protocols such as Ethernet.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,293,177 to Sakurai, et al. issued on Mar. 8, 1994 and entitled “Antenna Connector” discloses an antenna connector that comprises a first housing for housing an end of a coaxial cable, first and second contact to be connected to a core wire and a shield wire, respectively, of the coaxial cable housed in the first housing, a second housing for housing the first housing, and a pair of conductive feeding metal plates. The feeding metal plates are arranged on and secured to a conductive antenna pattern formed on an insulative substrate and each of them has a first holder for receiving and holding the second housing and a second holder for receiving and holding the first and second contacts. When the first housing is housed in the second housing, the first and second contacts are engaged with and held by the second holder to plugably connect the coaxial cable to the antenna without disturbing an impedance matching and with a sufficient mechanical strength.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,109,962 to Chen-Shiang issued Aug. 29, 2000 and entitled “Electrical connector” discloses an electrical connector for connecting an antenna to a printed circuit board. The connector includes a dielectric housing having a terminal-receiving cavity and is mountable on a surface of the printed circuit board. A terminal is received in the cavity and includes a contact portion and a terminating portion. The contact portion is disposed within the cavity and is structured for engaging a complementary contact portion of the antenna. The terminating portion projects from the cavity through the housing for termination to an appropriate circuit trace on the printed circuit board.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,123 to Chang issued Jan. 9, 2001 and entitled “Electrical connector” discloses an electrical connector in a portable telecommunication device with a built-in antenna to enable the device to connect with an external antenna, and further comprises a dielectric housing having a base portion defining first and second chambers communicating with each other via a passage, and a cylindrical portion defining a hole therethrough in communication with the first chamber, a first contact fixedly received in the first chamber and electrically connecting with speaker/receiver circuitry of the device and a second contact fixedly received in the second chamber and electrically connecting with the built-in antenna. When the connector does not connect with a mating connector in electrical connection with an external antenna, the first contact electrically engages with the second contact by a spring force generated from the first contact. When the connector is connected with a mating connector in connection with an external antenna by extending a conductive pin of the mating connector through the hole in the cylindrical portion into the first chamber, the pin engages with the first contact and prevents it from engagement with the second contact.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,513 to Gaucher, et al. issued on Oct. 23, 2001 and entitled “Microwave connector” discloses a connector for a portable device that includes a jack portion integral to the portable device, and a plug portion attached to an input/output device for being inserted into the jack portion. The connector is preferably a low cost microwave connector for transmitting multiple signal types and provides dual functionality.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,812 to Tsai issued Jul. 9, 2002 and entitled “Electrical connector incorporating antenna” discloses an RJ-45 receptacle connector (3, 6) that supports an antenna assembly (2, 7) therein. The antenna assembly comprises a coaxial cable portion (19, 90), an antenna portion (14, 8) electrically connected to the cable portion and a carrier (12, 70) received in the receptacle connector and supporting the antenna portion. The antenna portion is a helical monopole and works in a bandwidth range of 2.357.about.2.570 GHz, wherein transmission with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in the range of 1-2 is achieved.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,103 to Schmidt, et al. issued Jul. 29, 2003 and entitled “Housing for an electronic device in microwave technology” discloses a housing for an electronic device in microwave technology, which is comprised of three tightly connected parts. A middle part is comprised of a metal plate to which at least one circuit board can be attached and recesses are provided which, together with the at least one circuit board can produce chambers into which the components of the one electronic circuit protrude. Furthermore, a plastic bottom part with a connector device and a plastic top part are provided which likewise produce chambers for electronic and/or microwave components.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,686,649 to Mathews, et al. issued on Feb. 3, 2004 and entitled “Multi-chip semiconductor package with integral shield and antenna” discloses a transceiver package that includes a substrate having an upper surface. An electronic component is mounted to the upper surface of the substrate. A shield encloses the electronic component and shields the electronic component from radiation. The transceiver package further includes an antenna and a dielectric cap. The dielectric cap is interposed between the shield and the antenna, the shield being a ground plane for the antenna.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,786,769 to Lai issued Sep. 7, 2004 and entitled “Metal shielding mask structure for a connector having an antenna” discloses a metal shielding mask for a connector having an antenna, comprising a hollow metal shielding mask formed of an upper sheet portion and a lateral sheet portion, wherein an antenna is formed by extending a predefined length of a metal plate in a vertical or horizontal direction from a predetermined position at a lower end of a side of the upper sheet portion, a signal feeding terminal for the antenna of the metal shielding masks formed of an I shaped extension portion which is externally extended from a top end of a side of the upper sheet portion along one end of the antenna, and a ground terminal for the metal shielding is formed of a plurality of I shaped extension portions which are respectively extended externally from both sides of the lateral sheet portion as the metal shielding mask is bent.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,266 to St. Hillaire, et al. issued Sep. 7, 2004 and entitled “Diversity slot antenna” discloses a high performance, low cost antenna for wireless communication applications which benefit from a dual feed diversity antenna. The antenna device can be fabricated from a single layer of conductive material, thus allowing easy, low cost manufacture of a high gain antenna. Antenna embodiments may provide both spatial and polarization diversity. The antenna need not be planar, but rather may be bent or formed, such as to provide an antenna which is conformal with the shape of a wireless communication device. Furthermore, other embodiments of the present invention may be made of thin film, conductive foil, vapor deposition, or could be made of a flexible conductive material, such as metallized MYLAR. Each of the slot elements may be linear or may be formed in a meander shape or other shape to reduce size. The slot elements may be provided within an antenna array useful for beam scanning applications.
United States Patent Publication No. 20010054985 to Jones et al. published Dec. 27, 2001 and entitled “Removable Antenna for Connection to Miniature Modular Jacks” discloses an antenna which is configured to plug into a retractable connector on an electronic apparatus. Some embodiments of the present invention may be configured to plug into common RJ-11 or RJ-45 jacks allowing devices equipped with these jack to utilize external antennas to increase range and functionality. Further, some embodiments of the present invention comprise at least a partial ground plane located in the antenna plug which connects to a jack. The present invention also comprises connectors such as RJ jacks which comprise ground plane elements which may be used to improve antenna range and efficiency.
United States Patent Publication No. 20040048515 to Lai, published Mar. 11, 2004 and entitled “Metal shielding mask structure for a connector having an antenna” discloses a metal shielding mask for a connector having an antenna, comprising a hollow metal shielding mask formed of an upper sheet portion and a lateral sheet portion, wherein an antenna is formed by extending a predefined length of a metal plate in a vertical or horizontal direction from a predetermined position at a lower end of a side of the upper sheet portion, a signal feeding terminal for the antenna of the metal shielding masks formed of an I shaped extension portion which is externally extended from a top end of a side of the upper sheet portion along one end of the antenna, and a ground terminal for the metal shielding is formed of a plurality of I shaped extension portions which are respectively extended externally from both sides of the lateral sheet portion as the metal shielding mask is bent.
However, despite the foregoing broad variety of solutions, there remains a salient need in data networking and the electronic arts in general for standard low cost components and manufacturing methodologies that integrate both wired and wireless solutions into a single component or platform. Ideally, such a wired and wireless data networking device and methodologies would: (1) minimize component cost by integrating wired and wireless networking components; (2) simplify manufacturing and performance validation for OED suppliers of networked equipment; (3) provide increased design flexibility for designers of networked equipment, while at the same time (4) shielding electronic components (both internally and externally) from adverse electromagnetic noise, and (5) conserving physical space and board real estate, as well as electrical power, within space- and power-critical applications such as mobile or embedded devices.
In a first aspect of the invention, an electrical connector assembly is disclosed. In one embodiment, the electrical connector assembly comprises: a connector housing; a plurality of first terminals disposed substantially within the connector housing for mating with corresponding terminals of a plug received at least partly within the housing; and an antenna, the antenna being adapted to transmit and/or receive a plurality of data wirelessly; and a plurality of second terminals adapted for electrically mating the connector assembly to a parent device.
In one variant, the antenna comprises a feed point, a ground termination, and a capacitor.
In another variant, the electrical connector assembly further comprises an integrated circuit whereby signal information received at the connector assembly via at least one of the first or second terminals is processed.
In still another variant, the electrical connector assembly further comprises a noise shield, the shield substantially enclosing the electrical connector assembly. The antenna is disposed on or formed within at least one face of the shield. The antenna may comprise e.g., an inverted F-type antenna, and may be disposed substantially around the periphery of a plug port formed in a face of the housing.
In still a further variant, the antenna measures approximately 0.4 mm in width, and measuring approximately 30-35 mm in length, and is disposed substantially on a front face of the connector assembly proximate a plug-receiving opening.
In another variant, the connector assembly comprises a plurality of antennas, the plurality of antennas forming an antenna array. The array may comprise e.g., a phased array or a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) array.
In still another variant, the connector housing comprises a multi-port connector housing formed as a row-and-column array, and the antenna comprises a plurality of antennas disposed on at least one face of the connector assembly.
In yet a further variant, the connector assembly comprises an RJ-45 compliant modular jack, and further comprises a wireless transceiver circuit disposed at least partly within the housing, the wireless transceiver circuit and the antenna adapted to cooperate to at least transmit or receive signals at approximately 2.4 GHz.
In still a further variant, the connector assembly comprises: an RJ-type port; at least one USB port; and a wireless transceiver, the wireless transceiver and the antenna adapted to cooperate to at least transmit or receive signals at approximately 2.4 GHz.
In another variant, the electrical connector assembly further comprises a substrate, and the wireless antenna is formed on the substrate. The substrate comprises e.g., a standard PCB or alternatively substantially flexible printed circuit board.
In yet another variant, the antenna is at least partly formed on the housing a selective plating or deposition process.
In a second aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing an electrical connector assembly is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises: forming an antenna; providing a connector having circuitry; and electrically coupling the antenna to the circuitry.
In one variant, the forming of the antenna comprises forming a shaped aperture within at least one face of a noise shield; and the method further comprises disposing the shield on the connector.
In another variant, the forming comprises forming the antenna on a surface using a selective metallization or deposition process.
In yet another variant, the forming comprises forming the antenna on a separate substrate, and the connector assembly further comprises a noise shield, and the method comprises disposing the substrate substantially between the connector and the noise shield.
In a third aspect of the invention, a shield antenna for use on an electrical connector is disclosed. In one embodiment, the shield antenna comprises: a noise shield having a plurality of substantially planar faces; an antenna feed point; and an aperture formed substantially within the shield an substantially within one of the substantially planar faces. In one variant, the feed point is disposed partway along the length of the aperture.
In another variant, the antenna comprises an inverted F-type antenna, and the aperture measures approximately 0.4 mm in width, and approximately 30-35 mm in length of its longest dimension. The aperture may be disposed e.g., substantially around a plug-receiving port formed in the one face.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, an electronic device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device comprises: at least one electrical connector assembly, the electrical connector assembly comprising a connector housing; a plurality of first terminals adapted to interface with a printed circuit board; a plurality of second terminals adapted to interface with a connector plug; a noise shield, the shield substantially enclosing at least portions of the connector; an antenna, the antenna being formed substantially within the shield and adapted to at least transmit or receive a plurality of data wirelessly; and a transceiver circuit in signal communication with the antenna and at least one terminal of the plurality of first or second terminals. The device further comprises a printed circuit board, the electrical connector assembly being disposed on the board an electrically interconnected therewith.
In a fifth aspect of the invention, a method for transmitting data from an electronic device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device comprises an electronic connector assembly having an antenna, and a radio transmitter circuit, and the method comprises: receiving signals at the transmitter circuit; processing the signals for transmission to produce processed signals; providing the processed signals to the antenna of the connector assembly via a feed point of the antenna; and radiating at least portions of the processed signals as electromagnetic energy from the antenna.
In one variant, the connector assembly comprises a noise shield, the antenna being formed at least partly within the shield, and the act of providing comprises providing the processed signals to the feed point via an electrical connection to the noise shield.
In a sixth aspect of the invention, a method of transmitting or receiving signals using an electrical connector is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises using an indigenous component of the connector as an antenna for use in transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency or frequency range.
In a seventh aspect of the invention, a method of economizing on the space requirements associated with an electrical connector is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing an antenna as part of a component that has other utility within the connector. In one variant, the component comprises the external noise shield.
The features, objectives, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
a is a graphical illustration of typical return loss performance of the antenna shown in the embodiment of
b is a graphical illustration of impedance as a function of frequency for the antenna shown in the embodiment of
c is a sectional view of one exemplary embodiment of the FSA connector assembly of
d shows an exemplary schematic of one embodiment of the antenna of the invention.
a is a front perspective exploded view of an integrated FSA connector assembly incorporating both RJ and USB type wired ports according to the present invention.
b is a detailed perspective view of the antenna shown in
c is a front perspective exploded view of an integrated FSA connector incorporating an antenna substrate structure according to the principles of the present invention.
d is a sectional view of the integrated FSA connector shown in
e is a reverse perspective view of an integrated FSA connector incorporating an LDS antenna on the front face of the connector according to the principles of the present invention.
a is a block diagram of a first exemplary application for the integrated FSA connector shown in
b is a block diagram of a second exemplary application of an integrated FSA connector such as that shown in
c is a block diagram of a third exemplary application of an integrated FSA connector according to the principles of the present invention.
Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
It is noted that while portions of the following description are cast primarily in terms of wireless applications operating in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band (e.g., 802.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth, etc.), the present invention is not in any way limited to such applications or frequencies.
Furthermore, while certain embodiments are cast in terms of an RJ-type connector and associated modular plugs of the type well known in the art, the present invention may be used in conjunction with any number of different connector or jack types, as described more fully subsequently herein. Accordingly, the following discussion is merely exemplary of the broader concepts.
As used herein, the terms “electrical component” and “electronic component” are used interchangeably and refer to components adapted to provide some electrical function, including without limitation inductive reactors (“choke coils”), transformers, filters, gapped core toroids, inductors, capacitors, resistors, operational amplifiers, and diodes, whether discrete components or integrated circuits, whether alone or in combination. For example, the improved toroidal device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,642,827 to McWilliams, et al. issued Nov. 4, 2003 entitled “Advanced Electronic Microminiature Coil and Method of Manufacturing” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, may be used in conjunction with the invention disclosed herein.
As used herein, the term “signal conditioning” or “conditioning” shall be understood to include, but not be limited to, signal voltage transformation, filtering, current limiting, sampling, processing, conversion, and time delay.
As used herein, the term “integrated circuit (IC)” refers to any type of device having any level of integration (including without limitation ULSI, VLSI, and LSI) and irrespective of process or base materials (including, without limitation Si, SiGe, CMOS and GaAs). ICs may include, for example, memory devices (e.g., DRAM, SRAM, DDRAM, EEPROM/Flash, ROM), digital processors, SoC devices, FPGAs, ASICs, ADCs, DACs, radio transceivers/chipsets, and other devices, as well as any combinations thereof.
As used herein, the term “digital processor” is meant generally to include all types of digital processing devices including, without limitation, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computers (RISC), general-purpose (CISC) processors, microprocessors, gate arrays (e.g., FPGAs), Reconfigurable Compute Fabrics (RCFs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Such digital processors may be contained on a single unitary IC die, or distributed across multiple components.
As used herein, the term “port pair” refers to an upper and lower modular connector (port) which are in a substantially over-under arrangement; i.e., one port disposed substantially atop the other port, whether directly or offset in a given direction.
As used herein, the term “modular plug” is meant to include any type of electrical connector designed for mating with a corresponding component or receptacle for transmitting electrical and/or light energy. For example, the well known “RJ” type plugs (e.g., RJ11 or RJ45) comprise modular plugs; however, it will be recognized that the present invention is in no way limited to such devices.
As used herein, the terms “jack” and “connector” refer generally to any interconnection apparatus adapted to transfer signals or data across an interface including for example and without limitation (i) modular jacks, as well as (ii) multi-pin-connectors, (e.g., D-type), (iii) coaxial connectors, (iv) BNC connectors, (v) ribbon-type connectors, and (v) other connectors not specifically identified above.
As used herein, the terms “client device”, “peripheral device” and “end user device” include, but are not limited to, personal computers (PCs) and minicomputers, whether desktop, laptop, or otherwise, set-top boxes such as the Motorola DCT2XXX/5XXX and Scientific Atlanta Explorer 2XXX/3XXX/4XXX/8XXX series digital devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as the “Palm®” or Blackberry families of devices, handheld computers, personal communicators, J2ME equipped devices, cellular telephones, or literally any other device capable of interchanging data with a network.
As used herein, the term “network” refers generally to any system having two or more nodes that is capable of carrying data or other signals and/or power. Examples of networks include, without limitation, LANs (e.g., Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, etc.), WANs, PANs, MANs, internets (e.g., the Internet), intranets, HFC networks, etc. Such networks may comprise literally any topology (e.g., ring, bar, star, distributed, etc.) and protocols (e.g., ATM, X.25, IEEE 802.3, IP, etc.), whether wired or wireless for all or a portion of their topology.
As used herein, the term “Wi-Fi” refers to, without limitation, any of the variants of IEEE-Std. 802.11 or related standards including 802.11a/b/f/g/n.
As used herein, the term “wireless” means any wireless signal, data, communication, or other interface including without limitation Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G (3GPP/3GPPS), HSDPA/HSUPA, TDMA, CDMA (e.g., IS-95A, WCDMA, etc.), FHSS, DSSS, GSM, UMTS, PAN/802.15, WiMAX (802.16), 802.20, narrowband/FDMA, OFDM, PCS/DCS, analog cellular, CDPD, satellite systems, millimeter wave or microwave systems, acoustic, and infrared (i.e., IrDA).
Numerous approaches to electrical connectors, including so-called “modular jacks”, exist. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,773,302 entitled “Advanced microelectronic connector assembly and method of manufacturing”, 6,773,298 entitled “Connector assembly with light source sub-assemblies and method of manufacturing”, 6,769,936 entitled “Connector with insert assembly and method of manufacturing”, 6,585,540 entitled “Shielded microelectronic connector assembly and method of manufacturing”, 6,471,551 entitled “Connector assembly with side-by-side terminal arrays”, 6,409,548 entitled “Microelectronic connector with open-cavity insert”, 6,325,664 entitled “Shielded microelectronic connector with indicators and method of manufacturing”, 6,224,425 entitled “Simplified microelectronic connector and method of manufacturing”, 6,193,560 entitled “Connector assembly with side-by-side terminal arrays”, 6,176,741 entitled “Modular Microelectronic connector and method for manufacturing same”, 6,159,050 entitled “Modular jack with filter insert”, 6,116,963 entitled “Two-piece microelectronic connector and method”, 6,062,908 entitled “High density connector modules having integral filtering components within repairable, replaceable sub-modules”, 5,587,884 entitled “Electrical connector jack with encapsulated signal conditioning components”, 5,736,910 entitled “Modular jack connector with a flexible laminate capacitor mounted on a circuit board”, 5,971,805 entitled “Modular jack with filter insert”, and 5,069,641 entitled “Modular jack”, each of the foregoing patents incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, disclose various approaches to including electronic and/or integrated circuit components within such connectors. United States Patent Application Publication No. 20030194908 to Brown, et al. published Oct. 16, 2003 entitled “Compact Serial-To Ethernet Conversion Port”, also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses an Ethernet-enabled connector having LAN functionality. These and other connector configurations advantageously may be used with the improved antenna shield apparatus of the invention, the latter which is largely agnostic to the underlying connector or jack architecture.
Referring now to
In the present embodiment, the antenna 114 is disposed substantially on or formed within the front face 118 of the connector 112. In many applications, such as when the connector 112 is disposed in a laptop computer or a router, the front face 118 is the only portion of the connector 112 that is exposed freely to the outside environment, thereby allowing the antenna 114 to radiate largely without obstruction.
However, it will be recognized that where other surfaces of the connector are exposed (or otherwise disposed similarly to the front face with respect to radio frequency transmission/receipt), these may be used as the basis of the antenna. For example, it may be desirable to incorporate the antenna 114 into other face(s) of the connector (alone or in conjunction with the front face) where the connector is completely exposed, or merely shrouded in an RF-transparent material, or alternatively to orient the main radiation lobe(s) in a desired direction with respect to other components or devices.
In the foregoing regard, the present invention also contemplates an array of antenna elements, such as for example where: (i) a multi-port (e.g., 2×N) connector array is used, with multiple antennas on the front (and/or other) face of the device; or (ii) first and second antennas are used on the front and a side face of the connector. It is also contemplated that multiple shield antennas formed into an array may comprise a phased or MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna array for purposes of enhanced signal recovery (thereby also ostensibly allowing for lower radiated power from the transmitter). MIMO and phased antenna configurations are well known in the wireless signal processing arts, and accordingly not described further herein, although it will be noted that such processing (e.g., via integrated circuits, SoC, or digital processor devices contained within the connector or proximate thereto) are also contemplated by the present invention.
The antenna 114 shown in the present embodiment of
As can be seen in
Bluetooth-compliant devices, as previously discussed, operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The ISM band is dedicated to unlicensed users, thereby advantageously allowing for unrestricted spectral access. The exemplary Bluetooth modulator uses one or more variants of frequency shift keying, such as Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) or Gaussian Minimum Shift keying (GMSK) of the type well known in the art to modulate data onto the carrier(s), although other types of modulation (such as phase modulation or amplitude modulation) may be used.
Spectral access of the device is accomplished via frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), although other approaches such as frequency divided multiple access (FDMA), direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS, including code division multiple access) using a pseudo-noise spreading code, OFDM, or even time division multiple access may be used depending on the needs of the user. For example, devices complying with IEEE Std. 802.11a/b//g/n may be substituted for the Bluetooth arrangement previously described if desired. Literally any wireless integrated circuit coupled with a connector design capable of accommodating an antenna capable of operating in the wireless protocol operating band may be used with proper adaptation.
b illustrates the impedance of the exemplary antenna of
While the embodiment of
Furthermore, Isolated Magnetic Dipole (IMD) embedded antenna technology such as that offered by Ethertronics Inc. of San Diego, Calif. may also be utilized in the present invention to form the antenna 114 onto or adjacent to the face of the connector, the Faraday Shield, or other substrate. IMD technology may be used in conjunction with the present invention to contribute inter alia high isolation and selectivity while reducing power consumption and providing a small form factor.
Referring now to
The exemplary insert assembly 168 comprises a non-conductive polymer base 172 with a plurality of conductive terminals 160, 170 inserted within the polymer base. These terminals 160, 170 are advantageously insert-molded into the polymer base 172 for purposes of facilitating later assembly of the connector assembly 100. The conductive terminals 160 comprise a printed circuit board engaging end 160a and a plug-engaging end 160b adapted to receive a standard modular plug (e.g., RJ-45, RJ-11, etc.) ubiquitous in the telecommunications industry. External device terminals 170 also comprise a printed circuit board engaging end 170a. The printed circuit board ends of both terminals 160a, 170a are electrically coupled with the printed circuit board 173 via standard soldering processes or other bonding techniques.
The printed substrate 173 comprises a standard copper clad circuit board (e.g. FR-4 and the like) with a plurality of plated through hole terminations to accommodate the terminals 160a, 170a and conductive traces that route circuit elements to their respective terminals. It will be appreciated that the printed substrate may also be comprised of a flexible material such as plastic, flex-board (i.e., flexible PCB), metal foil, or the like. Filter magnetics 166 are routed between the signal pins to filter incoming and outgoing signals between the modular plug and the external device. An integrated circuit 164 (e.g., Bluetooth of WiFi-enabled radio suite or chipset) is adapted to transmit RF power via the feed path 158 to the antenna located on the front face 118 of the Faraday shield 102. The feed path 158 is connected to the Faraday shield 102 via a feed feature 106 by standard operating processes such as soldering etc.; although other approaches such as spot or laser welding, conductive pastes, etc. may be used as well. The feed path 158 may be created by utilization of conductive ink, inset molding, etching, laser cutting, or other methods which are well known in the field. The particular dimensional and routing configuration used within the connector 162, however are largely dependent on the radiating characteristics needed for the antenna, and hence the present invention contemplates that other dimensions, component placements, routing, and materials may be used to accomplish the desired deign objectives.
d shows an exemplary schematic of one embodiment of the antenna of the invention. Note that the capacitor 199 shown is optional, and can be replaced or complemented with other components well known in the antenna arts. The capacitor itself may be of any type including for example, a chip capacitor, Mylar capacitor, a Kapton capacitor, a polystyrene capacitor, a polycarbonate plastic film capacitor, or a polypropylene plastic film capacitor.
Referring now to
The connector housing 210 is in the illustrated embodiment formed in plastic such as via an injection molding or transfer molding process, although other approaches may be used.
The exemplary FSA connector 200 of
As can be seen, the external shield 206 may also readily incorporate other features such as ports 203 that allow for the emission of LED light, etc. Also, while the antenna 212, of the present embodiment is shown as being positioned around the periphery of the USB port opening 204, it is envisioned that in alternative embodiments that the antenna 212 may alternatively run around the periphery of the RJ port 202 or a combination of both ports.
Also illustrated in
It will also be appreciated that the antenna portion of the exemplary connector and shield of
Referring now to
Also, while the aforementioned embodiments primarily envision incorporating the antenna into the external connector shield, other configurations are contemplated that do not necessarily require the use of a Faraday shield fully surrounding the connector housing. While incorporating the antenna into the connector shield (such as shown in
In yet another embodiment shown in
Referring now to
The printed substrate 282 shown in
In yet another embodiment, the antenna may be implemented using a conductive coating applied to the surface of the connector housing as best shown in the configuration of
Moreover, other processes for forming and configurations of the antenna may be used. For example, in another embodiment, portions of the connector housing may be selectively metallized through the use of a selective plating or metallization process such as e.g., electroplating or electroforming, vapor or vacuum depositions, etc.
As seen in
The ground tabs 262 are utilized to enhance the overall EMI performance of the connector 250 when these tabs contact respective conductive grounded features on an external device. In addition to the grounding tabs 262, grounding posts 264 on external shield 260 will further provide further points of ground for the connector 250 to an external device.
In yet another embodiment, ceramic antenna structures such as those manufactured by LK Products Oy of Kempele, Finland (LKP) may be incorporated into the front face 118 of the connector 102 (such as that shown in
In still another embodiment, the antenna may be constructed from a rigid printed circuit board (e.g. FR-4 or the like) and attached directly to the shield via a copper ground plane soldered to the shield via well known soldering processes (e.g. IR reflow, hand soldering, etc.). Myriad other known approaches in antenna construction may be utilized in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
While the present invention has been primarily described with regard to its utilization with an RJ-45 type telecommunications connector, the principles of the present invention may be readily incorporated into a wide variety of standard and non-standard connector platforms. For example, utilizing the present invention in USB connectors, RJ-21 connectors and the like are also contemplated as possible embodiments of the present invention. In addition, while the antenna construction was primarily described with regards to its utilization in wireless applications operating in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band (e.g. Bluetooth and 802.11a/b/f/g/n), other frequencies and applications such as WiMAx, WLAN, GPS, UWB, GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, etc. could also be implemented by one of ordinary skill given the present disclosure herein.
Referring now to
In the embodiment of
The connector 300 also incorporates a wireless integrated circuit 314, such as for example a single chip Bluetooth System-on-Chip (“SoC”) solution manufactured by RF Micro Devices® (i.e. the RFMD SiW3500, 3000, etc.). The Bluetooth SoC 314 can interface directly with wireless peripherals via the integrated connector antenna 312. The Bluetooth SoC can also allow for communication with wired devices such as the external device 316, or alternatively communicate with a wired device via the peripheral port 304 (e.g. USB). In alternate embodiments, the network port 302 may be obviated altogether in favor of peripheral ports 304, thus providing peripheral devices with wireless functionality via the FSA connector 300 shown in
In an alternative embodiment, the wireless integrated circuit 314 comprises a GPS integrated circuit such as the RF Micro Devices RF8110 GPS integrated circuit. The connector can either include a host or applications CPU and memory (not shown) integrated with the FSA connector 300; or alternatively it may utilize an appropriate connector I/O 318 to communicate between the GPS IC 314 and a host CPU located on board an external device 316.
In another embodiment utilizing a GPS IC, the connector 300 may be equipped with a GPS, Assisted GPS (A-GPS), or other such locating system that can be used to provide location information. Specifically, in one variant, the GPS/A-GPS system is prompted to save the coordinates of a particular location where the connector (e.g., as used on a peripheral device such as a laptop or the like) is located. For example, a user of a peripheral device may want his/her present location determined without having to instigate a similar procedure via their cellular phone or the like; this can be accomplished by activating a function which causes the GPS receiver to store its present location data internally, or transmit to another device via a wired or wireless connection. Alternatively, the user can maintain a log or listing of saved GPS coordinates (and or address information) for easy recall at a later date.
In a manner somewhat analogous to the GPS/A-GPS, the connector can also use its higher level client process to exchange information with other devices (such as for example via a Bluetooth “discovery” process or OBEX object exchange managed by an application which uses the Bluetooth HCI interface, etc.). Myriad other wireless integrated circuit designs could be used consistent with the principles of the present invention.
The connector's location can also be determined via its present in an ad hoc or other WiFi or Bluetooth network; e.g., via an association formatted with a WiFi AP or Bluetooth master whose location is known.
One distinct advantage of such an integrated FSA connector solution is that the developers of external devices 316, such as personal computers (PCs), cellular telephones and PDAs can now integrate a solution into their designs without the need for custom development of an antenna or supporting components. By utilizing a connector with integrated wireless functionality built in, designers can avoid costly development cycles and instead simply incorporate an “off the shelf” wireless solution in the form of a connector having integrated wireless capabilities built in. This is particularly advantageous if the designer needs to utilize a connector in the design irrespective of the wireless functionality; i.e., the presence of the integrated antenna, wireless IC, etc. consumes effectively no additional footprint or volume, which is especially useful for mobile or small embedded devices or the like.
Moreover, by placing the FSA connector 300 on board a customer's external device according to a predetermined specification, the customer of an FSA connector 300 merely need to “layout” there printed circuit board according to a predetermined specification in order to accommodate wireless functionality into there products. In this way, an end customer can avoid having to design for the physical implementation of the wireless solution and instead focus on the value added software/firmware and hardware needed for operation of the external device.
Referring now to
The FSA connector 300 of
To this end, the antenna 312 can also be made to be “multi-band” or alternatively have a similar center frequency, but with altering response or frequency roll-off characteristics.
The external device interface 322 comprises a controller (integrated circuit or otherwise) adapted to control communication between the various components either resident within the FSA connector 300 as well as optionally control data flow to and from various wired and wireless peripheral devices (such as the external devices 320, 316). The external device interface comprises a plurality of I/O ports including ports between the external device interface 322 and an external device 316 via a wired signal path 318. This wired signal path 318 may for instance comprise a plurality of conductive terminal pins exiting from the bottom side of the FSA connector 300. The wired signal path 318 however is not so limited, and may comprise any number of known wired termination methods, with the use of conductive terminal pins merely being exemplary.
Signal paths 332, 334, 336, 338 operate to transmit data to and from various components within the FSA connector 300. While shown as a specific configuration, these signal paths 332, 334, 336, 338 are not limited to such a configuration. The underlying functionality of these signal paths 332, 334, 336, 338 is to allow for the transmission of data to and from an external device 316, 320 to a wired 330 or wireless port 312 via the intervening electronic components of the connector system.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the high bandwidth wireless communication protocol comprises a Multiband OFDM approach such as that being promulgated by prominent MBOA participants, such as Intel Corporation. The UWB antenna 356 located on the FSA connector 300 permits communication between these UWB components in the computing device 350 and an outside network via a wireless network antenna 358 (i.e. 802.11 g, etc.) or a wired network port 302. Since the internal distances in the device are so short, the high data bandwidth/short range tradeoff of UWB is particularly useful, and obviates the use of buswork, ribbon connectors, and the like within the device, thereby saving cost and space (as well as weight).
The FSA connector 300 and network port 302 disposed inside a computing device 350 is also adapted to communicate with an external device 360. The computerized device 350 may transmit data wirelessly to and from an external device 360 via a wireless antenna 362. The aforementioned computing device 350 may also transmit wired communications to and from an external device 360 via a network interface 364 (such as an Ethernet connection, etc.).
In one embodiment, the communications interface of the connector 300 comprises a TM-UWB SoC device which utilizes pulse-position modulation (PPM), wherein short duration Gaussian pulses (nanosecond duration) of radio-frequency energy are transmitted at random or pseudo-random intervals and frequencies to convey coded information. Information is coded (modulated) onto the short duration carrier pulses by, inter alia, time-domain shifting of the pulse.
As is well known, UWB communications have very high data rates along with high bandwidth and low radiated power levels, which are in effect traded for shorter propagation distances. Hence, UWB is ideal for a “PAN” or subnet of connectors 300 or connector-equipped devices in close proximity. The low radiated power levels and UWB modulation techniques are also substantially non-interfering with other devices in close proximity, and consume appreciably less power than longer-distance wireless systems such as cellular (e.g., CDMA, GSM, etc.), Bluetooth or WiFi.
Referring now to
In step 410 of the method 400, the FSA connector is disposed on a printed circuit board, thereby placing the FSA connector in signal communication with a device. The terminals of the FSA connector are adapted to interface with the printed circuit board of the external device and can be either of the through-hole or surface-mount variety.
At step 420, wired data transmissions are received via the connector. Reception of wired transmissions can be accomplished under a number of different scenarios. A first scenario is that wired data transmissions are received via a FSA connector wired port from a wired peripheral device. At this point, at least a portion of the data transmission may optionally be transmitted to another device via wired terminals to the printed circuit board to which the FSA connector is attached. A second alternative is for wired transmissions to be received via the printed circuit board and the wired terminals, and optionally passed via a wired port to a wired peripheral device. Alternatively at step 420, wireless data is received via an antenna located on or electrically communicating with the FSA connector, such as e.g., the integral antenna 114 of the connector assembly 100, or alternatively an internal IC antenna or other connected device antenna.
At step 430, wireless data is transmitted via the FSA connector. In a first alternative, wired data may be received via the FSA connector terminals attached to a printed circuit board as previously discussed with regards to step 420. At least a portion of that data will then be transmitted via an integrated circuit to a wireless antenna present on the FSA connector. In a second alternative, wired data is received via the FSA wired port as discussed at step 420. Data is then transmitted via an integrated circuit to the wireless antenna. In a third alternative, wireless data is received via a first antenna according to step 420 and transmitted via an integrated circuit to a second antenna for transmission to a wireless peripheral device at step 430.
Referring now to
At step 510, the antenna features located on the front face of the connector is formed (e.g., stamped) into the base material for the shield. These features can be formed using a variety of well known methods including, for example, progressive stamping, laser cutting, etc. In addition, it is contemplated that these features may not necessarily have to be formed via a separate step, but rather may be incorporated into the base material for the shield using other well known processes such as e.g. chemical etching and the like. However, the use of stamping processes (including progressive stamping) has proven to be one of the most economically efficient methods for high volume production of thin metal stampings.
In step 520, the shield features are formed (e.g., stamped) into the base material. Similar to step 510, these features are manufactured using well known techniques such as progressive stamping and the like. In an alternative embodiment, step 520 may be performed prior to step 510. This alternative embodiment has the advantage in that multiple antenna configurations can be used on a single shield design. A first shield design can be stamped followed by subsequent processing by different manufacturing equipment to incorporate first and second antenna configurations, etc. In a sense, such an arrangement “modularizes” the manufacturing process to accommodate a variety of differing design applications such as those previously described above.
At step 530, a connector is provided for use in conjunction with the aforementioned Faraday shield antenna manufactured in steps 510, 520. The production of these connectors, and the methods used in their assembly, are well known by one of ordinary skill and hence will not be discussed further herein.
At step 540, the shield produced in steps 510, 520 is disposed on the connector provided in step 530. The shield is attached to the connector using any number of well known techniques including heat staking, epoxy adhesives and the like. The feed point on the Faraday shield antenna is electrically connected to an associated feed point on the motherboard. This connection is accomplished via any number of well known connection techniques such as e.g. soldering, resistance or laser welding, mechanical coupling, etc.
Referring now to
At step 620, the shield features are formed (e.g., stamped) into the base material stock similar to the techniques discussed previously with regards to step 520 in
At step 630, a connector is provided. The connector further comprises an electrical and/or mechanical interface adapted to at least partly receive the substrate manufactured at step 610.
At step 640, the antenna substrate is disposed on the connector at the aforementioned interface. The antenna substrate and circuitry resident within the connector are electrically coupled using well known connection techniques such as soldering and the like. Further, the shield is disposed around the connector and is attached using any number of well known connection techniques such as e.g. heat staking, etc.
It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the invention are described in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, these descriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of the invention, and may be modified as required by the particular application. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional under certain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality may be added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of performance of two or more steps permuted. All such variations are encompassed within the invention disclosed and claimed herein.
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. The foregoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention. This description is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/849,432 filed Oct. 2, 2006 entitled “SHIELD AND ANTENNA CONNECTOR APPARATUS AND METHODS”, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60849432 | Oct 2006 | US |
