Patent Application
20250122966
This application claims the benefit of Great Britain Patent Application Number 2315804.1 filed on Oct. 16, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by way of reference.
The present disclosure relates to a connector for connecting a fuel stringer duct to another fluid flow duct. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a connector configured to form a seal between a flange of the connector and an internal surface of a hole in a fuel stringer duct. The present disclosure also relates to an aircraft structure comprising a fuel stringer duct and connector.
It is known to use aircraft hat section wing stringers, which are also known as omega stringers, as ducts to conduct fluids as both liquids and gasses in a spanwise direction of the wing. Stringers are stiffening members that are fixed to the wing skin and which run in a spanwise direction of the wing, from wing root to wing tip. The cross-sectional shape of a hat stringer is defined by two spaced-apart co-planar flanges for attachment of the stringer to a panel being stiffened, a pair of spaced-apart upstanding webs attached to inner edges of the flanges and a crown bridging across distal ends of the webs. Such a stringer, when attached to a panel being stiffened, forms a closed channel which is capable of conducting fluids along its length.
In particular, with modern civil airliners using the space within the wing for fuel tanks, such hat section stringers may be used to conduct fuel, fuel vapor or air between fuel tanks along the span of the wing. Such stringers have become known as fuel stringer ducts (FSDs) and in particular are used to vent air from a center fuel tank and one or more wing tanks to a surge tank usually located in an outboard section of the wing. Air enters the FSD in a given tank via a bell mouth or a float vent valve located inside and near to the top of the tank. The bell mouth or float valve is usually connected to the FSD by a length of pipe.
One known method of attaching a pipe connector, usually an elbow connector, to the FSD is by adhesion. If the wing cover is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), the FSD is likely to comprise the same material and to be co-cured in position against the cover to form an integrated structure. In such a case, a connector for connecting the pipe to the carbon fiber FSD is shaped to fit around the hat section of the FSD and to be adhered to the FSD either by co-curing in position or by the use of an adhesive. However, the use of such a bonded connection between the connector and FSD means that, if damaged, the connector cannot easily be removed and replaced. Such connectors, because they sit proud of the FSD, are liable to damage.
Another known method of attaching a pipe connector to an FSD involves the use of a connector such as that disclosed by EP3590825A1, wherein the connector has a bridge to bridge over the FSD and cover an aperture in a wall of the FSD. The bridge is configured such that the connector is attachable to a panel at either side of the FSD by fasteners passing though the bridge. In this arrangement a seal is provided between an external surface of the FSD such as an upper surface of the crown, for example, and a surface of the connector. However, because there is likely to be some variability in the size of the as-cured composite FSD, albeit small, the external surface of the FSD which forms the sealing surface is provided with a layer of sacrificial material that can be machined away as appropriate post-cure in order to provide the FSD with an external surface that mates perfectly with the connector. As such, the FSD may have to be machined post-cure in order to ensure a fluid-tight seal between the FSD and connector.
The present invention seeks to mitigate one or more of the above-mentioned problems. Alternatively or additionally, the present invention seeks to provide an improved connector for connecting an FSD to another fluid flow duct.
The present invention provides, according to a first aspect, a connector for connecting a fluid flow duct to a fuel stringer duct, the connector comprising a body, the body comprising a first opening on a first face, a second opening on a second face, the second face being configured for connection with the fluid flow duct, an internal channel for fluid passage between the first opening and the second opening, and a flange that surrounds the first opening on the first face, the flange being configured for insertion into a hole formed in a wall of the fuel stringer duct, wherein an outer surface of the flange is provided with a first sealing member that surrounds the flange, the first sealing member being configured to form a seal between the outer surface of the flange and an internal surface of the hole formed in the wall of the fuel stringer duct.
The first face may be configured for positioning in abutment with a surface of the FSD. The first face may alternatively or additionally be configured for positioning in spaced relation to a surface of the FSD. The second face may be configured for positioning in abutment with the fluid flow duct. The flange may extend in a direction away from the first face. The outer surface of the flange may be in a plane perpendicular to a plane defined by the first face.
The connector according to the invention is configured such that, when connected to an FSD, the first sealing member forms a seal between the flange of the connector and the internal surface of the hole in the FSD. The hole in the FSD can be molded or machined post-cure with a size having a relatively low tolerance. Because the hole in the FSD can be produced at a consistent size and with an internal wall having a suitable surface finish, the internal wall of the hole provides an ideal surface for forming a seal against.
The first sealing member may be spaced apart from the first face of the body. The first sealing member is spaced apart from the first face of the body by between approximately 2 and 6 millimeters. The first sealing member may be spaced apart from the first face of the body by between approximately 3 and 5 millimeters.
In some embodiments, the first sealing member is an o-ring. The outer surface of the flange may be formed with a groove which extends around the circumference of the flange and the o-ring may be situated within the groove. The o-ring may be formed from a polymer. The polymer may be fluorosilicone, or any other suitable polymer. The groove may be spaced apart from the first face of the connector.
The connector may comprise bridging members that extend from the body at opposing sides of the first opening, the bridging members being configured to bridge over the FSD at either side of the FSD. The bridging members may comprise a foot for securing the connector to a surface at either side of the FSD. There may be two bridging members. Each bridging member may extend in a direction away from the first face of the body. The body may form a crown between the two bridging members. Each bridging member may comprise a web between the foot and the body. The bridging members may be configured such that the body is held in a fixed position relative to the FSD by securing the connector to the surfaces of the aircraft structure at either side of the FSD.
A connector according to the first aspect of the invention comprising bridging members is less sensitive to the manufacturing tolerance of the FSD than prior art connectors comprising bridging members which form a seal between a face of the connector and an external surface of the FSD. For example, a slight variation in the height of the crown between different FSDs should not affect the ability of the connector to form a seal with the internal surface of the holes of each of the FSDs. This is because a small shift in the height of the crown of an FSD will merely change the location at which the sealing member engages with the internal wall of the hole, and will not move the sealing surface (i.e. the internal wall of the hole) away from the first sealing member.
The connector may be provided with holes for fastening the connector to the FSD. The holes may be provided through the body of the connector. The holes may be provided in the feet of bridging members, where present. The connector may therefore be configured to be releasably fastenable to the FSD.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides an aircraft structure comprising a fuel stringer duct and a connector according to the first aspect of the invention. The fuel stringer duct comprises a wall formed with a hole through the thickness of the wall, wherein the flange of the connector is positioned within the hole, and the first sealing member forms a seal between the outer surface of the flange and an internal surface of the hole, the first sealing member being positioned between opposing external surfaces of the wall. As such, the first sealing member is located at a position through-the-thickness of the wall of the fuel stringer duct. One of the external surfaces of the wall may be an external surface of the fuel stringer duct. One of the external surfaces of the wall may be an internal surface of the fuel stringer duct.
The internal surface of the hole may define the hole by forming an internal wall of the hole. It will be understood that the internal surface of the hole will be positioned between opposing external surfaces of the wall. The internal surface of the hole may be in a plane perpendicular to a plane defined by the first face of the connector. The internal surface of the hole may be in a plane perpendicular to a plane defined by a surface of the wall in which the hole is formed.
The first sealing member may be located at between an outer surface and an inner surface of the wall. The inner surface may form an internal surface of FSD. The wall of the FSD may be formed from a composite such as, for example, CFRP. The wall may have a thickness of between 5 millimeters and 10 millimeters. The wall may have a thickness of approximately 8 millimeters, for example.
The internal surface of the hole may be formed by an additional sealing member. The first sealing member may be in direct contact with the additional sealing member to form the seal between the outer surface of the flange and an internal surface of the hole. The hole may be machined in the FSD post-cure or the hole may be molded in the FSD. The additional sealing member may be a bushing provided in the hole. The bushing may be “wet assembled” in the hole, meaning a sealant may be provided between the bushing the wall defining the hole in the FSD. The additional sealing member may be formed from PEEK, or any other suitable material.
The connector may comprise bridging members that bridge over the FSD at either side of the FSD, wherein the feet of the bridging members are secured to a surface of the aircraft structure at the side of the FSD. The feet may be fastened to the surface using fasteners. Alternatively, the connector may be fastened to a wall of the FSD.
The FSD may be mounted upon a panel. The panel may, for example, be a wing skin. The FSD may be co-cured with the panel.
It will of course be appreciated that features described in relation to the connector of the first aspect of the invention may be incorporated into the aircraft structure of the second aspect of the invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings of which:
A connector 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown in isolation in
The connector 1 comprises bridging members 21 that extend from the body 7 at opposing sides of the first opening 9. As can be best seen in
With reference to
The inherent material variability of carbon fiber reinforce plastic (CFRP) FSD 5 may result in height H of the FSD 5, which is indicated in
The connector 1 is configured such that, when connected to the FSD 5, a seal is formed between a flange 19 of the connector 1 and the internal surface 531 of the hole 53, the internal surface 531 of the hole 53 being in a plane that is perpendicular to the upper surface 51 of the FSD 5 (i.e. the location at which the seal is provided is within the hole 53, at a position between the upper surface 51 of the FSD 5 and opposing lower, internal surface 52 of the FSD 5). The seal is provided by an o-ring 20 that forms a sealing member which surrounds the flange 19 at a location that is spaced apart from the first face 11 of the body 7. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in embodiments of the invention such as the connector 1 described above, where the connector 1 comprises bridging members 21 configured to secure the connector 1 to surfaces 25 at either side of the FSD 5 because the connector 1 is insensitive to variations in the height H of the FSD 5 that are within the manufacturing tolerances of the FSD The height H of the FSD 5 may have a manufacturing tolerance of ±1 millimeter, for example. As long as the flange 19 can be positioned within the hole 53 such that the o-ring 20 can form a seal with the internal surface 531 of the hole 53, the connector 1 can form a fluid-tight seal with the FSD.
In embodiments of the invention, the flange 19 may be configured to locate the o-ring 20 at a depth equal to approximately half the expected thickness T of the wall 55 of the FSD. In the presently described embodiment, the FSD has a cured target thickness T equal to approximately 8 millimeters. As such, the connector 1 may be dimensioned to position the o-ring 20 at a depth of 4 millimeters, midway between the upper surface 51 of the FSD 5 and the opposing internal surface 52 of the FSD in an FSD having a height H equal to the exact target height. Positioning the o-ring 20 to be midway along the depth of the hole ensures equal positive and negative tolerances, in this case ±4 millimeters, which much larger than the tolerance of the height of the FSD 5.
The invention is not limited to arrangements which bridge over the FSD, such as the connector 1 described above. A connector 101 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown in
Similar to the connector 1 of the first embodiment, a flange 119 extends from the first face 111 of the body 107 and defines a first opening 109 on the first face 111, and the outer surface of the flange 119 is provided with an o-ring 120 that that surrounds the circumference of the flange 119. The flange 119 is configured to be inserted into a hole 53 formed in the upper surface 51 of the FSD 5 such that the o-ring 120 forms a seal between the outer surface of the flange 1191 and the internal surface of the hole 53 in the wall 55 of the FSD 5. In this case, the connector 101 does not comprise bridging members and is instead provided with holes 150 so that the first face 111 of the body 107 can be placed into abutment with the upper surface 51 of the FSD 5 and fastened directly to the FSD 5 using fasteners. While the holes 150 pass through the body 107 in the presently described embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated other embodiments of the invention could be provided with holes elsewhere; for example, in co-planar flanges which extend from the sides of the body 107.
Whilst the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the invention lends itself to many different variations not specifically illustrated herein.
Where in the foregoing description, integers or elements are mentioned which have known, obvious or foreseeable equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. Reference should be made to the claims for determining the true scope of the present invention, which should be construed so as to encompass any such equivalents. It will also be appreciated by the reader that integers or features of the invention that are described as preferable, advantageous, convenient or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims. Moreover, it is to be understood that such optional integers or features, whilst of possible benefit in some embodiments of the invention, may not be desirable, and may therefore be absent, in other embodiments.
The term ‘or’ shall be interpreted as ‘and/or’ unless the context requires otherwise.
While at least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention(s) is disclosed herein, it should be understood that modifications, substitutions and alternatives may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the exemplary embodiment(s). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms “comprise” or “comprising” do not exclude other elements or steps, the terms “a” or “one” do not exclude a plural number, and the term “or” means either or both. Furthermore, characteristics or steps which have been described may also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps and in any order unless the disclosure or context suggests otherwise. This disclosure hereby incorporates by reference the complete disclosure of any patent or application from which it claims benefit or priority.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2315804.1 | Oct 2023 | GB | national |
