Patent Grant
9523201
This application relates generally to construction components, and more particularly to construction components that are structurally enhanced internally.
Pre-manufactured cast concrete blocks of various designs have been used in the construction industry for many years. One commonly employed concrete block design is often referred to as a CMU (Concrete Masonry Unit). Typically, a bed of mortar is manually applied over the blocks, which are then hand set and aligned into the mortar in a staggered fashion to create mortar joints therebetween. The construction is therefore highly labor intensive. The CMU is sized to balance ease in handling and the ability to construct walls of various shapes, with being large enough to reduce the total number of manual operations required in constructing those walls. While the size of a CMU varies internationally, the most common nominal size is 16 inches×8 inches×8 inches (about 410 mm×200 mm×200 mm).
Because concrete is strong in compression, but relatively weak in tension, concrete is often structurally reinforced to compensate for this structural imbalance. Thus, CMUs are typically made with hollow channels, sometimes referred to as voids or cores, that permit the deployment of steel rebar (reinforcement bar) there through. Because the blocks are staggered, the channels or voids overlap from one layer to another, permitting rebar to extend from the top of the wall to the bottom. The rebar is typically secured within the voids using grout or concrete.
While this technique of reinforcement can be effective to internally reinforce a constructed wall, the reinforcement process, when combined with the process of actually laying the blocks is highly labor intensive, time consuming, and therefore costly. Furthermore, variations in environmental conditions as well as the skill of the masons during construction, can lead to inconsistencies in the quality of a completed wall.
In an attempt to lower the cost of construction, the construction industry has also employed building blocks that are much larger in size than the CMU. However, as the size of concrete blocks increase, they have tendency to become brittle, thereby necessitating reinforcement. To further reduce construction costs, the larger prefabricated blocks are sometimes pre-fabricated with internal reinforcement materials already built into the block during fabrication. Not only does this render the pre-reinforced blocks more difficult to handle and transport, but the reinforcement materials are neither interconnected, nor are they directly coupled to external structures used to create overall stability of the walls. This lack of integration can result in overuse of such reinforcement material to achieve a wall of a desired strength.
It should be further pointed out that while the geometry of CMUs and other concrete blocks is favorable for providing reinforcement in vertical and horizontal planes, walls constructed of such blocks still tend to have low resistance to sheer stress, which makes them less than ideal for seismically-resistant construction.
The construction component of the present invention provides structural reinforcement of structures built therewith, by including an internal support structure that is embedded within a substrate component such as a cast concrete block, during fabrication of the construction component. The component can include interface plates that are structurally coupled to the internal support structure to permit the internal support structures of the individual construction components to be mechanically tied together in constructing a structure therewith. Thus, the internal support structures of the individual components can be coupled together without the need for labor intensive and inconsistent conventional mortar joints, as well as to provide an interconnected lattice of internal reinforcement throughout the structure that eliminates the need to add what is otherwise an inferior form of structural reinforcement conventionally added to the structure on site.
An embodiment of a construction component of the invention provides internal structural reinforcement embedded during its fabrication. The internal structural reinforcement is configured to be directly coupled to the embedded internal reinforcement of others of the construction component the construction component. The internal support structure includes at least one triangular structure, with the at least one triangular structure being formed of a base member and two congruent side members. The members of the triangular shaped structure form a first base vertex between a first one of the congruent members and the base member, a second base vertex between the second congruent member and the base member, and an elevated vertex formed by the first and second congruent members opposite of the base member. The internal support structure also includes at least one elevated interface plate that is structurally coupled to the congruent members at the elevated vertex, and a first and second base interface plate, with the first base interface plate being coupled to the first one of the congruent members and the base member at the first base vertex and the second base interface plate being coupled to the second one of the congruent members and the base member at the second base vertex. The construction component further includes a cast concrete block substantially surrounding the internal support structure, with the elevated interface plate of the internal support structure being exposed through a top surface of the concrete block, the first and second base interface plates being exposed through a bottom surface of the concrete block. The elevated interface plates of the construction component is configured to be mechanically coupled to one of the base interface plates of each of at least two others of the construction components to securely couple the construction components together in a staggered manner.
In an embodiment, the congruent members and base member of the at least one triangular structure are composed of steel rebar.
In a further embodiment, the at least one triangular structure is composed of a unitary piece of pressed metal. In other embodiments, the base interface plates are bent to form right angles to the two congruent and base members respectively.
In further embodiments the cast concrete block includes at least a first and second vertical channel, each extending from the top surface to the bottom surface of the concrete block, and disposed over the base interface plates to provide access to the base interface plates from the top surface.
In a further embodiment, the base interface plates include at least one opening there-through, each of the vertical channels disposed directly over the at least one opening of each of the base interface plates. The upper interface plate includes at least two threaded openings,
wherein the at least one opening of each of the base interface plates of a first one of said construction components is configured to be aligned with at least one of the at least two threaded openings of the elevated interface plate of a second one of said construction components such that a threaded bolt can be inserted through the at least one opening of the base interface plate and screwed into the at least one of the at least two threaded bolts to mechanically couple the first one and second one of the construction components together.
In further embodiments, a third one of the construction components can be coupled in a staggered manner to the second one of the construction components along with the first one of the construction components by screwing a threaded bolt through the at least one opening of the third one of the construction components into a remaining at least one of the at least two threaded openings of the elevated interface plate of the second one of the construction components.
In still further embodiments, the construction components can be mechanically coupled to a second one of the interface components by riveting the base plate of the first construction component to the elevated interface plate of the second interface component through the vertical channel of the first construction component.
In other embodiments, a first one of the construction components can be mechanically coupled to a second one of the interface components by welding the base plate of the first construction component to the elevated interface plate of the second interface component through the vertical channel of the first construction component.
In an embodiment, the first and second base plates are formed a single L-shaped bar. In other embodiments, the internal support structure includes two of the triangular structures disposed substantially in parallel with one another, and the concrete block includes at least a first and second vertical channel disposed over the base interface plates of each of the two triangular structures. In a further embodiment, the first and second base plates of each of the two triangular structures are formed of a single U-shaped bar.
In another embodiment, the internal support structure includes two or more instantiations of the two triangular structures disposed in parallel, each of the instantiations including additional members that are coupled between the elevated interface plates of the two or instantiations.
In further embodiments, the at least one triangular structure further includes a vertical member extending from the upper vertex to a point on the base member that is substantially half way between the two base vertices, and a support plate that is structurally coupled to the triangular structure at a point beneath the intersection between the vertical member and the base member.
In an alternate embodiment, the internal support structure further includes one or more additional members that are cross-coupled between the base vertices of the two triangular structures. The internal support structure can further include one or more additional members that are cross-coupled between the elevated vertex of at least one of the two triangular structures to at least one of the base vertices of the other of the two triangular structures of the internal support structure.
In one embodiment, the cast concrete block has the dimensions of a CMU (concrete masonry unit).
In further embodiments, building a structure from a plurality of the construction components creates an interconnected internal support structure lattice throughout the structure.
In other aspects of the invention, a construction component of invention includes an internal support structure that includes at least two triangular structures, each being formed of a base member and two congruent side members to establish a first base vertex between a first one of the congruent members and the base member, a second base vertex between the second congruent member and the base member, an elevated vertex formed by the first and second congruent members opposite of the base member. The internal support structure further includes at least one member cross-coupled between a first and second one of the at least two triangular structures. The internal support structure further includes at least one elevated interface plate being structurally coupled substantially at the elevated vertex of each of the at least two triangular structures, as well as at least one first and at least one second base interface plate, the at least one first base interface plate being coupled substantially at the first base vertex of each of the at least two triangular structures, and the at least one second base interface plate being coupled substantially at the second base vertex of each of the at least two triangular structures.
The construction component of the invention further includes a cast concrete block substantially encapsulating the internal support structure therein, the at least one elevated interface plate of the internal support structure being exposed through a top surface of the concrete block, the at least one first and at least one second base interface plates being exposed through a bottom surface of the concrete block. The at least one elevated interface plate of said construction component is configured to be mechanically coupled to one of the at least one first and second base interface plates of each of at least two others of said construction component to securely couple said construction components together in a staggered manner.
In a further embodiment, the first and second of the at least two triangular structures are disposed in planes that are substantially in parallel with one another.
In other embodiments, wherein the first and second of the at least two triangular structures are isosceles triangles.
In still further embodiments, the at least one cross-coupled member is coupled substantially between the vertex of each of the first and second of the at least two triangular structures.
In other embodiments, the cross-coupled member is coupled substantially between the vertex of the first of the at least two triangular structures and at least one of the two base vertices of the second of the at least two triangular structures.
In another embodiment, the at least one cross-coupled member is coupled substantially between at least one of the base vertices of the first of the at least two triangular structures, and at least one of the two base vertices of the second of the at least two triangular structures.
In other aspects of the construction component of the invention, the concrete block includes a thermally resistant layer that substantially divides the concrete block into at least two substantially discrete concrete sections, and the first and second of the at least two triangular structures are each encapsulated within a different one of the concrete sections.
In other embodiments, the at least one cross-coupled member is coupled substantially between the first congruent members of each of the first and second of the at least two triangular structures to provide cross-coupling between the upper vertices and the first base vertices of the first and second triangular structures.
In still further embodiments, the at least one cross-coupled further provides cross-coupling between each of the upper vertices one of the first and second triangular structures, and the each of the first base vertices of the other respectively.
In a further embodiment, the at least one cross-coupled member spans the thermally resistant layer of the block between the first and second of the at least two triangular structures.
In other embodiments, the base member and two congruent side members of the first and second of the at least two triangular structures are made of thermally conductive metal, and the cross-coupled member is made of a thermally resistant material.
In other aspects of the invention, a wall structure has an embedded internal structural reinforcement lattice that is configured to be directly coupled to a foundation. The wall structure includes a plurality of pre-fabricated structural components, each of the pre-fabricated structural components including an internal support structure, the support structure including at least one non-rectangular structure. The at least one non-rectangular structure is formed of at least one base member and a plurality of side members to form a first base vertex between a first one of the side members and the base member, a second base vertex between a second one of the side members and the at least one base member. Internal structure further includes at least one elevated interface plate that is structurally coupled to at least one of the side members and first and a second base interface plates, the first base interface plate coupled to the at least one non-rectangular structure substantially at the first base vertex, and the second base interface plate coupled to the at least one non-rectangular structure substantially at the second base vertex. The plurality of components includes a cast concrete block that substantially encapsulates the internal support structure. The at least one elevated interface plate of the internal support structure is exposed through a top surface of the concrete block, and the first and second base interface plates are exposed through a bottom surface of the concrete block. The elevated interface plate of the construction component is configured to be mechanically coupled to one of the base interface plates of each of at least two others of the plurality of pre-fabricated construction components to securely couple said plurality of construction components together to form the wall structure and to establish the integrated reinforcement lattice therein.
The prefabricated components can be of a standard component, as well as non-standard and specialty components. all of which have the commonality of the basic internal support structure embedded therein, and all capable of being coupled to each other to create a fully integrated support lattice within the constructed wall structure. Moreover, such walls may then be coupled together to fully integrate the structurally reinforcing internal structure lattice throughout an entire structure made from multiple wall structures of the invention.
The following description can be better understood in light of Figures, in which:
Various embodiments of a construction component are disclosed that are internally reinforced with triangular reinforcing structures during their fabrication, and are capable of being bolted together in lieu of employing conventional techniques such as creating mortar joints. Because the construction component of the invention can be pre-fabricated with the internal triangular reinforcement structure incorporated, no additional reinforcement need be undertaken on site during construction of walls made therewith. The triangular internal reinforcement structure includes interface plates, located at the vertices of the triangular structure, by which to mechanically couple the triangular reinforcement structures to the internal triangular reinforcement structures of adjacent and overlapping building components in the form of a lattice. It is this ability to mechanically interconnect the internal triangular reinforcement structures of all of the building components within a structure constructed therewith, which eliminates the labor intensive procedures as discussed above that are required when using conventional constructional components.
The three members 112a, 112b and 112c of the internal support structure 112 can be dimensioned to form an isosceles triangle. The internal support structure 112 can be constructed of a single integral piece of metal, or may be constructed of separate members that are structurally fused using an appropriate technique such as welding. The structure further includes three interface plates 106, 108a and 108b, to which the members 112a, 112b and 112c are coupled at or near their vertices. The interface plates 106, 108a and 108b can be formed integrally with members 112a, 112b and 112c, or they can be structurally joined such as by a welding process.
In an embodiment, the base member 112c of the isosceles triangle forming internal support structure 112 is disposed substantially proximate to, and parallel with, the base surface 104b of concrete block 104. Base interface plates 108a and 108b are disposed in parallel with and substantially on top of the base surface 104b. The bottom surface of base interface plates 108a and 108b can be exposed through the base surface 104b of concrete block 104. In an embodiment, the base vertices 120a and 120b of internal support structure 112 are each coupled to the top surface of the two base plates 108a and 108b respectively.
In an embodiment, each of base interface plates 108a and 108b have openings 110a and 110b respectively disposed through them, each for receiving a threaded coupling bolt (not shown) in
Internal support structure 112 is oriented with block 104 such that top vertex 120c, formed by the two congruent sides 112a and 112b of isosceles of the triangular support structure 112, is located at or substantially near the top surface 104a of concrete block 104, and is coupled to upper interface plate 106. The top surface of upper interface plate 106 lies in a plane that is parallel with the top surface 104a of block 104, and can be exposed through the top surface 104a. Upper interface plate 106 can be about twice the length of the base interface plates 108a and 108b, and has two threaded openings 102a and 102b disposed through it. The openings 102a and 102b are exposed and accessible to receive threaded bolts (not shown) through top surface 104a.
As can be seen, triangular shaped internal support structure 112 can be, except for the bottom surfaces of its interface plates, completely encapsulated and fixed within block 104 by cast concrete 220. Internal surface 130a and 130b of vertical channels 101a and 101b respectively are illustrated with a different shading to indicate that they are not in the same plane as cross-sectional axis a-a′. The vertical channels 101a and 101b overlap the single interface plates on three sides to hold the single interface plates in place, but are open at each end of block 104 to permit access to the openings 110a and 110b for purposes of coupling the components 100 together from above.
Likewise, the left-most side (as viewed) of the upper interface plate 106 of component B3 can be coupled to the single base plate 108b of component B1, by using access provided through vertical channel 101b of component B1 to insert threaded bolt 304 through opening 110b of single base plate 108b of block B1, and screwing it into threaded opening 102a of upper interface plate 106 of component B3.
Upper interface plate 106 of building component B4 (only partially shown) is similarly coupled to the single base interface plates 108b of building component B2 and single base interface plate 108a of building component B3. Vertical channels 101b and 101a of components B2 and B3 are ultimately covered by component B1. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that all of the internal triangularly shaped support structures 112 are interconnected much like a crystalline lattice. The interconnected internal support structures 112 also form shared inverted isosceles triangular support structures, such as inverted triangle 310, which shares a vertex 306 with component B4, and is formed by triangle member 112b of the embedded internal support structure 112 of component B2, member 112a of the internal support structure 112 of component B3, and base member 112c of the internal support structure 112 of component B1.
Based on the foregoing, those of skill in the art will appreciate that in addition to the benefit of eliminating onsite performance of labor intensive steps such as joining the components with mortar joints and performing conventional on site structural reinforcement as described above, the construction component of the invention produces structural reinforcement that is superior to that of conventional steel rebar reinforcement and grout that simply runs vertically through the aligned channels of conventional concrete blocks such as CMUs. The construction component of the invention 100 provides a ratio of structural strength to the amount of reinforcement material (e.g. steel rebar) used is significantly greater than that of conventional reinforcement techniques.
It will further be appreciated that while the embodiments illustrated in
Like the embodiments of
The opposite ends of congruent members 512a and 512b can be structurally fused to upper interface plate 506 individually, or first to one another, and then to interface plate 506 (not shown), to establish vertex 520c. They can be structurally fused to the inside face of vertical segment 506a, to the bottom face of horizontal segment 506b, or both. Upper interface plate 506 includes two threaded openings 502a and 502b by which to receive and secure threaded bolts in the same manner as previously illustrated. In the embodiment of
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with support structure 512 in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 512 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block with support structure 512 nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface (along with threaded openings 502a and 502b) of horizontal segment 506b of upper interface plate 506 will be exposed at the top surface of the cast concrete block, and the bottom surface of horizontal segment 550b of L-shaped bar 550 will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block. Openings 510a and 510b are also made accessible from the top by forming vertical channels as part of the casting process (as described above for previously disclosed embodiments), to permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 510a and 510b, and into threaded openings 502a and/or 502b of the upper interface plates 506 of like staggered components as illustrated by previously disclosed embodiments.
As previously discussed, the L-shaped bar 550 and the upper interface plate 506 can be any suitable material that provides the desired structural support, but is preferably a metal such as steel. Likewise, congruent members 512a and 512b are preferably metal rebar of a diameter that meets the desired strength of support. Also as previously discussed, techniques for fastening the interface plates of the staggered blocks other than threaded bolts may be used when constructing structures using the building components of the invention, provided those techniques ensure the requisite coupling strength.
The congruent members 576b forming the second isosceles triangle are structurally fused to the inside surface (not shown) of vertical segment 580b of U shaped bar 580. Likewise, the opposite ends of congruent members 576b are structurally fused to the inside face of vertical segment 566b of inverted U shaped interface plate 566. U shaped bar 580 can have two openings 590a, 590b and 592a, 592b (obscured in
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with support structure 560 in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 560 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block such that support structure 560 is nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface of the horizontal segment 566c (as well as threaded openings 571a and 571b) of inverted U shaped interface plate 566, will be exposed at the top surface of the cast concrete block. Likewise, the bottom surface of the horizontal segment 580c of U-shaped bar 580 will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block. Openings 590a, b and 592a, b are also made accessible from the top by forming vertical channels as part of the casting process (as described above for previously disclosed embodiments), to permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 590a, b and 592a, b and into threaded openings 571a and/or 571b of the upper interface plates 566 of like staggered components as illustrated for previously disclosed embodiments. One vertical channel can be cast for each pair of the openings, or two vertical channels can be cast for each one of the pair.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that by doubling the number of triangular support structures, as well as widening the interface plates and increasing the number of coupling points between the interface plates, even greater reinforced structural support and stability can be achieved within a building component, as well as throughout a structure built with such components.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with support structure 612 in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 612 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block such that support structure 612 is nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface of the bent interface plate 606, will be exposed at the top surface of the cast concrete block. Likewise, the bottom surface of the bent base interface plate will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block. Openings 610a and 610b are also made accessible from the top of the construction component by forming vertical channels as part of the casting process (as described above for previously disclosed embodiments), to permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 610a and 610b and into threaded openings 602a and 602b of the upper interface plate 606 of like staggered components as illustrated by previously disclosed embodiments.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with support structure 650 in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 650 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block such that support structure 650 is nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface of each of the bent interface plate segments 656a and 656b (as well as threaded openings 652a and 652b) will be exposed at the top surface of the cast concrete block. Likewise, the bottom surface of the horizontal base interface plate segment 670 will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block. Openings 672a, b and 674a,b are also made accessible from the top by forming vertical channels as part of the casting process (as described above for previously disclosed embodiments), to permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 672a, b and 674a, b and into threaded openings 652a and/or 652b of the bent interface plate segments 656a and 656b of like staggered components as illustrated for previously disclosed embodiments. One vertical channel can be cast for each pair of the openings in the base interface segment 670, or two vertical channels can be cast for each one of the pair.
In embodiment 712, U-shaped base interface plate 780 is shared by all three instantiations of the triangular support structures T1, T2 and T3, but each instantiation has its own two sets of openings 790a,b and 792a,b; 794a,b and 796a,b; 798a,b and 800a,b. (Some of the openings are obscured by the view). Those of skill in the art will appreciate that providing a plurality of instantiations will permit constructions components of the invention that are, for example, multiples in length of a standard size. These can be useful whenever larger construction components may be preferable, such as when building eaves and overhangs.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with support structure 712 in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 712 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block such that support structure 712 is nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface of each of the inverted U shaped interface plates 780a, 780b and 780c will be exposed at the top surface of the elongate cast concrete block, along with their respective sets of threaded openings 771a, b 773a, b and 775a, b. Likewise, the bottom surface of the U-shaped base interface plate 780 will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block, along with openings 790a, b and 792a, b; 794a, b and 796a, b; 798a, b and 800a, b. The openings of base plate 780 are also made accessible from the top by forming vertical channels over each pair, over some combinations of pairs, or each individual opening (whichever is preferable) as part of the casting process. As described above for previously disclosed embodiments, the vertical channels can permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 590a, b and 592a, b and into threaded openings of the inverted U-shaped interface plates 780a, b, and c of like sized building components, or smaller components of the invention in a staggered fashion as previously illustrated for other disclosed embodiments.
Additionally, embodiment 812 of the internal support structure of a building component of the invention includes additional reinforcing members that cross couple the two triangles to provide further structural reinforcement of a construction component in which it is incorporated. Member 812f is structurally fused between one end of base members 812c and 812c′ at base vertices 820b and 820b′ respectively. Likewise, member 812g is structurally fused between the opposite ends of base members 812c and 812c′, at base vertices 820a and 820a′. Member 812e is structurally fused with base members 812c and 812c′ diagonally at base vertices at 820a and 820b′. Members 812e-f therefore create additional cross-coupling between the bases of each of the triangles to provide even greater structural reinforcement perpendicularly and diagonally to the orientation of the base members 812c and 812c′ of the triangles.
Further cross-coupling can be created from the upper vertex 820c, 820c′ of each of the triangles, such as by member 812d, which is structurally fused between vertex 820c and base vertex 820a′. Member 812i (partially obscured) is structurally fused between upper vertex 820c′ and base vertex 820b. Member 812h (partially obscured) is structurally fused between upper vertex 866 and upper vertex 866′. In the embodiment of
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that cross-coupling each of the two triangles between their vertex and a base vertex of the other triangle creates a system of triangles that forms a support lattice within the construction component itself. This lattice reinforces the component against stress and tensional forces to create a very rigid structure that is particularly beneficial in withstanding seismic forces. The internal lattice created by this embodiment of the internal support structure can provide maximum strength with a minimal number of members.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that construction components of the invention can be constructed with the embodiment 812 of the support structure of the invention in the same manner as embodiments previously disclosed, by disposing the support structure 812 within a casting mold and pouring concrete therein to create a cast concrete block such that support structure 812 is nearly completely encapsulated by concrete. The top surface of each of the interface plates 866 and 866′ will be exposed at the top surface of the cast concrete block, along with their respective sets of threaded openings 871 and 871′ respectively. Likewise, the base interface plates 808a, b and 808a′, b′ will be exposed at the bottom of the concrete block, along with openings 810a, b and 810a′, b′ respectively. The openings of base interface plates 810a, b and 810a′, b′ are also made accessible from the top of the cast concrete block by forming vertical channels over each opening as part of the casting process. As described above for previously disclosed embodiments, the vertical channels can permit the insertion of threaded bolts through the openings 810a, b and 810a′, b′ and into threaded openings 871 and 871′ of the upper interface plates 866 and 866′ of staggered and like-sized building components, as previously illustrated for other disclosed embodiments.
These members of steel rebar are typically wires with the ends bent at 90 degrees. They are typically placed about every 5 inches or so within the mortar bed, and added manually by the mason. While this technique can provide satisfactory structural reinforcement, there numerous disadvantages to such known practices, including the fact that requiring skilled masons to manually add the reinforcement members makes the process highly labor intensive and therefore expensive. Moreover, the added members of rebar provide strong thermal connectivity between the inside and outside concrete sections, thereby defeating the benefits of the thermal layer by creating short-circuits of high thermal connectivity therebetween.
In the embodiment of
The size and material of the thermal insulating layer 960 can be varied to achieve different R values as desirable. Thermal insulating layer 960 can be made from, for example, extruded polystyrene foam. The concrete structures 950 and 970 can be made of, for example, concrete with expanded-clay aggregate filler, and an exterior layer of component 900 can be made of air-entrained concrete. It will also be appreciated that the internal support structures 912 and 912′ are disposed in the concrete sections to ensure rigidity of the lattice created by the connected support structures when the components are used in building a structure such as a wall as described above for other embodiments.
Cross-coupling component 1010 has cross-coupled members 1018 and 1019 that terminate at upper coupling member 1030 and lower coupling member 1032. Upper 1030 and lower 1032 coupling members include rounded notches 1026, 1027 and 1024, 1025 respectively for receiving congruent members off the triangular support structures 1012 and 1012′ as illustrated. Thus, a cross-coupling component 1010 can be coupled to the triangular structures 1012 and 1012′ such that notches 1026 and 1024 receive member 1012a at just below vertex 1020c and just above vertex 1020a respectively of 1012, and notches 1027 and 1025 receive member 1012a′ just below vertex 1020c′ and just above 1020a′ respectively. The notches can provide one way to permit the mechanical coupling between the cross-coupling component 1010 and the support structures through deformation, because they are made of disparate materials that do not permit them to be structurally fused. Likewise, another cross-coupling component can be disposed at the opposite end (not shown) of the two triangular structures 1012 and 1012′ by which to cross-couple congruent members 1012b and 1012b′ together.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that further embodiments of the construction element of the invention are possible based on the foregoing disclosure. For example, as previously discussed with respect to the embodiment of
Other embodiments of the construction block of the invention can include providing decorative features on the outer surfaces of the cast blocks. In addition, the outer surfaces of the construction component can be pre-treated during manufacture with water resistant coatings, siding, paint, layers of bonding material, as well as other technological or decorative treatments on the outer surfaces.
In further embodiments, the construction component of the invention can be manufactured with one or more layers of different filler materials in addition to the cast concrete.
In another embodiment, the construction component of the invention can be marked on the outer surfaces of the cast concrete with marks, signs, and coding, that can be read by machines for purposes of automating construction system.
As previously discussed, while the previously disclosed embodiments are shown with coupling between the interface plates as being accomplished through threaded bolts and threaded openings in the upper interface plates located at the vertex of the triangular support structure that is opposite its base, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that other means of fastening the construction components of the invention at their interface plates may be accomplished by other suitable means, such as structurally fusing them by welding, or by riveting them together.
Further embodiments may add additional vertical hollow channels during the manufacturing process that can be located, for example, at locations that are 25% of the length of the block from each end. When the construction components of the invention are mechanically joined in building a structure such as a wall, these hollow channels will line up as the components are staggered to provide continuous void spaces within the structure for purposes of running wiring, plumbing, and the like.
Thus, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that numerous benefits will be realized through construction using the various embodiments of the construction component of the invention. For example, by incorporating structural reinforcement during the manufacturing process, rather than adding it on site, the structural reinforcement components are added as part of a controlled manufacturing process in a controlled manufacturing environment, thereby increasing quality and consistency of such components. Further, by eliminating the need for such reinforcement to be performed by skilled labor on site during construction, the cost and time of construction is significantly reduced.
Additionally, the uniform reinforcement lattice that is established throughout a structure, formed by the internal support structures of the construction components as they are coupled together during construction, provides a high ratio of strength per amount of reinforcement material used. Thus, the amount of reinforcement materials deployed can be minimized for a desired strength of reinforcement, or put another way, reinforcement is maximized for a specified cost of reinforcement material.
Maximizing strength of reinforcement can be of particular importance in areas of high seismic activity. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that concrete is known to have good stress properties, but has low tension strength. This makes concrete vulnerable to catastrophic failure during high seismic activity. Thus, containment of the cast concrete within the reinforcement lattice created by the construction components of the invention as previously described, reduces the likelihood of catastrophic failure when subjected to such seismic activity.
Further, because a regular and uniform lattice-like reinforcement structure has demonstrated robust strength based on assessment models, the use of the construction components of the invention increases reliability of calculations used to determine the amount of reinforcement strength attainable for a given level of reinforcement materials to be used, the cost of custom design is reduced because the required guard-band to ensure that a given specification is met is narrower. Indeed, with the reinforcement structure contained within the construction component, it can be much more easily and accurately stress tested in a laboratory setting.
It will be appreciated that the ability to fabricate construction components with structural reinforcement built into standardized sizes and shapes ultimately reduces the cost of constructing custom designs, and lowers overall fabrication costs of the construction components themselves. This also permits easy scaling of such components to any practicable size.
It can be seen from the incomplete nature of wall structure 1100 how the standard blocks 100 fit together with each other and with embodiments of the more specialized blocks 1300, 1400, 1500 and 1600 through channels 101 providing access to attachment means 302, and attachment interface plates 106, 108 as the wall is constructed. It can also be seen how the floor beams (or floor joists not shown) 1140 may be inserted into the openings 1452 of beam blocks 1400 for supporting the beams/floor joists 1140 through the internal support structure of the beam blocks 1400, and further tying them into the entire support structure lattice 1200 as illustrated in
Likewise, it can be seen how non-standard size blocks 1600 can be used to create window 1142 and door openings 1144, and overhang blocks 2100 can provide additional structural support over such openings. Finally, “T” blocks 1500 enable intersecting walls 1150 to be constructed which are also integrated into the internal support structural lattice that is created through use of the building components of the invention.
Base interface plate 1308c can be shared between trapezoidal support structure 1313 and triangular support structure 1312 disposed in the longer of the two legs 1305. An internal vertical channel 1301c is provided to access shared base interface plate 1312 through the top surface 1304a of block 1304. Each leg 1305, 1303 has a vertical channel 1301a, 1301b by which to access base plates 1308a and 1308b.
Thus, it can be seen that in constructing a wall structure such as 1100 of
Beam/joist component 1400 also has a beam/joist access channel 1452 formed within block 1404 having an access opening in surface 1404e. In an embodiment, access channel 1452 can be disposed within block 1404 such that it is disposed between triangular members 1412a, b and further permits a beam/joist to be inserted into construction component 1400 in the orientation in which such beams/joists are commonly disposed in supporting a floor or roof and such inserted beam/joist is permitted to rest upon the support plate 1450. Support plate can be constructed of any suitable material that provides support for maintain/beam 1140 in an assembled position. Beam/joist channel 1452 can end before extending through block surface 1404f, or it can extend through surface 1404f to permit beam/joist insertion from either side of the building component 1400.
The embodiment of “T” block building component illustrated in
The cross-coupled internal support structure 1512 can be shared between the block portion 1504 and the stem portion 1503, and this facilitates the tying in of the second wall (e.g. 1100t,
Thus, the portion of the cross-coupled internal support structure 1512 embedded in the block portion 1504 can include an internal or embedded triangular support structure 1512a that is coupled between two base interface plates 1508a, b and an elevated interface plate 1506 as previously described for standard component 100,
In an embodiment, component 1602 is of a shorter length than standard block 100,
Components 1612 and 1652 work in tandem such that they eliminate the stagger created by the overlapped standard components. As will be appreciated, component 1652 is able to span two standard sized blocks 100a, b as illustrated, but extends far enough beyond the second standard block 100b to couple to both through-holes of elevated interface plate 106b of standard component 100b, and slightly beyond to the end of vertical channel 1601b of component 1602. To accommodate the two through-holes, the width of vertical channel 1651b is twice that of a vertical channel width of a standard block 100. Additional internal reinforcement is provided by member 1670 and is vertically disposed in substantial alignment of vertical support member 1660 of component 1602, and is coupled between base interface plate 1656b and elevated interface plate 1608b. Component 1652 then extends an additional length substantially equal to a vertical channel width by way of concrete portion 1671, which supports elevated interface plate 1656b.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that when the component 1602, which is ⅝ of a standard block length, is coupled to component 1652, which is 9/8 of the standard block length, a 4/8 or ½ block length is presented over component 1652 by which to receive a half staggered standard block (not shown). This relationship is illustrated in
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that through the pre-fabrication of the various building blocks of the invention, having embedded therein an internal support structure having interface plates accessible at the upper and lower surfaces, wall structures and the like can be easily constructed that form a fully integrated reinforcement lattice that permeates the entire structure and that can be coupled directly to the foundation. Because the building components are prefabricated with the internal support structures, no additional steps are required during construction to insert reinforcement, as is the case with conventional reinforcement techniques. Moreover, introduction of rebar reinforcement using conventional techniques during construction severely limits the quality of the reinforcement because the rebar is rendered only in a vertical orientation. The lattice quality of the reinforcement ensures strong reinforcement against stresses produced on the structure from multiple directions, and that such stresses are distributed throughout the lattice.
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 14/485,618 filed Sep. 12, 2014 and entitled “A BUILDING BLOCK CONSTRUCTION COMPONENT HAVING EMBEDDED INTERNAL SUPPORT STRUCTURES TO PROVIDE ENHANCED STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT AND IMPROVED EASE OF CONSTRUCTION THEREWITH,” and which is incorporated in its entirety herein by this reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14485618 | Sep 2014 | US |
| Child | 14885685 | US |
