Patent Application
20230056295
The present disclosure relates to consumer product compositions that include a consumer product adjunct material and a population of delivery particles, where the delivery particles include a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core, where, for example, the weight ratio of the core materials and the wall polymer of the delivery particles is at least 95:5. The present disclosure also relates to related methods.
Core/shell delivery particles can be an efficient and desirable way to deliver benefit agents in a variety of consumer products. Typical delivery particles often include a polymeric wall that surrounds a core, and the core includes the benefit agent. The formation of the polymeric walls may be facilitated or enhanced by wall-promoting agents, such as free radical initiators and/or cross-linking agents. For delivery efficiency reasons, it may be desirable to use delivery particles that have a relatively high loading capacity (e.g., with a high core:wall weight ratio).
Some commonly encapsulated benefit agents include certain carbonyl groups, such as aldehyde or ketone moieties. For example, many perfume raw materials, such as decyl aldehyde or galbascone (i.e., neobutenone), contain such moieties. When delivery particles are made with conventional core:wall weight ratios (e.g., 80:20 or even 90:10), aldehyde-containing and/or ketone-containing benefit agents can be conveniently and efficiently encapsulated.
However, it has been found that when benefit agents that include such materials are encapsulated at relatively higher core:wall weight ratios (e.g., 95:5 and above), the resulting delivery particles are much less efficient. For example, relatively less of the benefit agent may be encapsulated and instead remains free. Additionally, the delivery particles may have relatively high leakage rates in consumer product compositions.
Thus, there is a need for consumer products comprising high-capacity delivery particles that provide improved performance, particularly when the core comprises one or more benefit agents that include aldehyde and/or ketone moieties.
The present disclosure relates to consumer product compositions that include populations of delivery particles. For example, the present disclosure relates to a consumer product composition that includes a consumer product adjunct material and a population of delivery particles, where the delivery particles include a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core, where, for example, the weight ratio of the core materials and the wall polymer of the delivery particles is at least 95:5.
The delivery particles according to the present disclosure may be obtainable by a process that includes the steps of: (a) providing core materials and wall-forming materials, where the wall-forming materials include structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, where the core materials include a benefit agent and a shielding agent, where the benefit agent includes aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, where the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof; (b) encapsulating the core materials in a polymer wall made, at least in part, from the wall-forming materials to form a population of core/shell delivery particles, where the weight ratio of the core materials and the wall polymer is at least 95:5.
The delivery particles according to the present disclosure may include materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, where the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, where the polymer wall includes a wall polymer being obtainable from wall-forming materials, where the wall-forming materials include structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, where the core materials include a benefit agent and a shielding agent, where the benefit agent includes aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, where the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
The delivery particles according to the present disclosure may include core materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, where the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, where the polymer wall is formed by a free radical polymerization process, where the core materials include a benefit agent and a shielding agent, where the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, where the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
The present disclosure also relates to a method of treating a surface, where the method includes the step of contacting the surface with a consumer product composition according to the present disclosure, optionally in the presence of water.
The present disclosure relates to consumer products that contain delivery particles characterized by a high core:wall weight ratio. The delivery particles include a core that contains a benefit agent, where the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof. The polymeric walls of the delivery particles are formed from wall-forming materials that include structural wall monomers and wall-promoting materials, such as free radical initiators and/or cross-linking agents.
When delivery particles having a relatively high core:wall weight ratio (e.g., 95:5 or more) are formed from such materials, it has been found that the resulting capsules are characterized by relatively poor performance, such as poor encapsulation efficiency and/or leakage in consumer products. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the aldehyde and/or ketone moieties of the benefit agent interact with the wall-forming materials and inhibit their reactions with the structural wall monomers. For example, it is believed that benefit agents that contain aldehydes, ketones (including unsaturated ketones), or mixtures thereof can interact with, e.g., the free radical initiator and/or the fragmented radical formed from the initiator, thereby interfering with the wall formation of the delivery particle. This interference is particularly likely to occur in high core:wall ratio particle systems, as the concentrations of initiators and wall monomers are relatively diluted, while the benefit agents to be encapsulated are in relative abundance. Additionally, particularly in view of the ratios of the materials present, interfering interactions related to the benefit agents may also include hydrogen bonding and/or dipole moment interactions, which may occur not only with the initiators but also with the wall monomers. As a result, the delivery particles are characterized by relatively poor polymer wall formation.
This is believed to be less of a problem for delivery particles having a relatively lower core:wall weight ratios. As the relative amount of structural wall monomers is much greater, the resulting polymeric walls are sufficiently robust, despite the believed inhibition of the wall-promoting materials. However, such particles are generally characterized by relatively lower, and thus less preferred, loading capacities.
Surprisingly, it has been found that improved high-capacity delivery particles can be made effectively in the presence of certain shielding agents. The shielding agents are selected so as to interact with the aldehyde- or ketone-containing benefit agents, for example due to stronger hydrogen bonding and dipole moment interactions, and/or eventually to the formation (partially or fully in equilibrium) of, e.g., Schiff Bases and/or Michael adducts. In this way the interaction of the interfering benefit agents (e.g., perfume raw materials) with the free radical initiator, the fragmented radical, or even with the wall monomers will be limited. Thus, the detrimental interactions of the benefit agents with the polymer-wall-making process are inhibited, and a relatively more robust polymer wall is consequently formed by the wall-forming materials (e.g., initiators and monomers), particularly in delivery particles having a relatively high core:wall weight ratio.
Additionally, it may be preferred to select shielding agents that form only temporary interactions with the aldehyde- or ketone-containing benefit agents. At some point after the polymer wall is formed, the shielding agent and the benefit agent should be able to decouple, which frees the benefit agent to provide the intended benefit to a target article or surface. As an example, a labile covalent bond may be present between the shielding agent and the benefit agent during polymer wall formation, but the bond may break at a desired touchpoint. This decoupling may occur prior to, during, or after use of the consumer product, and preferably after particle wall formation is complete.
Consumer products, delivery particles, components thereof, and related processes of the present disclosure are discussed in more detail below.
As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described. As used herein, the terms “include,” “includes,” and “including” are meant to be non-limiting. The compositions of the present disclosure can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, the components of the present disclosure.
The terms “substantially free of” or “substantially free from” may be used herein. This means that the indicated material is at the very minimum not deliberately added to the composition to form part of it, or, preferably, is not present at analytically detectable levels. It is meant to include compositions whereby the indicated material is present only as an impurity in one of the other materials deliberately included. The indicated material may be present, if at all, at a level of less than 1%, or less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%, or even 0%, by weight of the composition.
As used herein “consumer product,” means baby care, beauty care, fabric & home care, family care, feminine care, and/or health care products or devices intended to be used or consumed in the form in which it is sold, and not intended for subsequent commercial manufacture or modification. Such products include but are not limited to diapers, bibs, wipes; products for and/or methods relating to treating human hair, including bleaching, coloring, dyeing, conditioning, shampooing, styling; deodorants and antiperspirants; personal cleansing; skin care including application of creams, lotions, and other topically applied products for consumer use; and shaving products, products for and/or methods relating to treating fabrics, hard surfaces and any other surfaces in the area of fabric and home care, including: air care, car care, dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening), laundry detergency, laundry and rinse additive and/or care, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment, and other cleaning for consumer or institutional use; products and/or methods relating to bath tissue, facial tissue, paper handkerchiefs, and/or paper towels; tampons, feminine napkins; adult incontinence products; products and/or methods relating to oral care including toothpastes, tooth gels, tooth rinses, denture adhesives, tooth whitening; over-the-counter health care including cough and cold remedies; pest control products; and water purification.
As used herein the phrase “fabric care composition” includes compositions and formulations designed for treating fabric. Such compositions include but are not limited to, laundry cleaning compositions and detergents, fabric softening compositions, fabric enhancing compositions, fabric freshening compositions, laundry prewash, laundry pretreat, laundry additives, spray products, dry cleaning agent or composition, laundry rinse additive, wash additive, post-rinse fabric treatment, ironing aid, unit dose formulation, delayed delivery formulation, detergent contained on or in a porous substrate or nonwoven sheet, and other suitable forms that may be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such compositions may be used as a pre-laundering treatment, a post-laundering treatment, or may be added during the rinse or wash cycle of the laundering operation.
As used herein, reference to the term “(meth)acrylate” or “(meth)acrylic” is to be understood as referring to both the acrylate and the methacrylate versions of the specified monomer, oligomer, and/or prepolymer. For example, “allyl (meth)acrylate” indicates that both allyl methacrylate and allyl acrylate are possible, similarly reference to alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid indicates that both alkyl esters of acrylic acid and alkyl esters of methacrylic acid are possible, similarly poly(meth)acrylate indicates that both polyacrylate and polymethacrylate are possible. Poly(meth)acrylate materials are intended to encompass a broad spectrum of polymeric materials including, for example, polyester poly(meth)acrylates, urethane and polyurethane poly(meth)acrylates (especially those prepared by the reaction of an hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate with a polyisocyanate or a urethane polyisocyanate), methylcyanoacrylate, ethylcyanoacrylate, diethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate functional silicones, di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, di(pentamethylene glycol) di(meth)acrylate, ethylene di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylol propane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylates, bisphenol A di(meth)acrylates, diglycerol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol dichloroacrylate, 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, and various multifunctional(meth)acrylates. Monofunctional (meth)acrylates, i.e., those containing only one (meth)acrylate group, may also be advantageously used. Typical mono(meth)acrylates include 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, cyanoethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, p-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, chlorobenzyl (meth)acrylate, aminoalkyl(meth)acrylate, various alkyl(meth)acrylates and glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Mixtures of (meth)acrylates or their derivatives as well as combinations of one or more (meth)acrylate monomers, oligomers and/or prepolymers or their derivatives with other copolymerizable monomers, including acrylonitriles and methacrylonitriles may be used as well.
As used herein, “delivery particles,” “particles,” “encapsulates,” “microcapsules,” and “capsules” are used interchangeably, unless indicated otherwise. As used herein, these terms typically refer to core/shell delivery particles.
For ease of reference in this specification and in the claims, the term “monomer” or “monomers” as used herein with regard to the structural materials that form the wall polymer of the delivery particles is to be understood as monomers, but also is inclusive of oligomers and/or prepolymers formed of the specific monomers.
As used herein, the terms “free radical initiator,” “free radical initiating agent,” “initiator,” and “initiating agent” are used interchangeably, unless indicated otherwise.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
All temperatures herein are in degrees Celsius (° C.) unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements herein are conducted at 20° C. and under the atmospheric pressure.
In all embodiments of the present disclosure, all percentages are by weight of the total composition, unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
The present disclosure relates to consumer product compositions (or simply “compositions” as used herein). The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise a population of delivery particles and a consumer product adjunct material, each described in more detail below.
The consumer products compositions of the present disclosure may be useful in baby care, beauty care, fabric care, home care, family care, feminine care, and/or health care applications. The consumer product compositions may be useful for treating a surface, such as fabric, hair, or skin. The consumer product compositions may be intended to be used or consumed in the form in which it is sold. The consumer product compositions may be not intended for subsequent commercial manufacture or modification.
The consumer product composition may be a fabric care composition, a hard surface cleaner composition, a dish care composition, a hair care composition (such as shampoo or conditioner), a body cleansing composition, or a mixture thereof.
The consumer product composition may be a fabric care composition, such as a laundry detergent composition (including a heavy-duty liquid washing detergent or a unit dose article), a fabric conditioning composition (including a liquid fabric softening and/or enhancing composition), a laundry additive, a fabric pre-treat composition (including a spray, a pourable liquid, or a spray), a fabric refresher composition (including a spray), or a mixture thereof.
The composition may be a beauty care composition, such as a hair treatment product (including shampoo and/or conditioner), a skin care product (including a cream, lotion, or other topically applied product for consumer use), a shave care product (including a shaving lotion, foam, or pre- or post-shave treatment), personal cleansing product (including a liquid body wash, a liquid hand soap, and/or a bar soap), a deodorant and/or antiperspirant, or mixtures thereof.
The composition may be a home care composition, such as an air care, car care, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment, and other cleaning for consumer or institutional use.
The consumer product composition may be in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a hydrocolloid, a single-compartment pouch, a multi-compartment pouch, a dissolvable sheet, a pastille or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a stick, a bar, a flake, a foam/mousse, a non-woven sheet, or a mixture thereof.
The composition may be in the form of a liquid. The liquid composition may include from about 30%, or from about 40%, or from about 50%, to about 99%, or to about 95%, or to about 90%, or to about 75%, or to about 70%, or to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of water. The liquid composition may be a liquid laundry detergent, a liquid fabric conditioner, a liquid dish detergent, a hair shampoo, a hair conditioner, or a mixture thereof.
The composition may be in the form of a solid. The solid composition may be a powdered or granular composition. Such compositions may be agglomerated or spray-dried. Such composition may include a plurality of granules or particles, at least some of which include comprise different compositions. The composition may be a powdered or granular cleaning composition, which may include a bleaching agent. The composition may be in the form of a bead or pastille, which may be pastilled from a liquid melt. The composition may be an extruded product.
The composition may be in the form of a unitized dose article, such as a tablet, a pouch, a sheet, or a fibrous article. Such pouches typically include a water-soluble film, such as a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble film, that at least partially encapsulates a composition. Suitable films are available from MonoSol, LLC (Indiana, USA). The composition can be encapsulated in a single or multi-compartment pouch. A multi-compartment pouch may have at least two, at least three, or at least four compartments. A multi-compartmented pouch may include compartments that are side-by-side and/or superposed. The composition contained in the pouch or compartments thereof may be liquid, solid (such as powders), or combinations thereof.
Pouched compositions may have relatively low amounts of water, for example less than about 20%, or less than about 15%, or less than about 12%, or less than about 10%, or less than about 8%, by weight of the detergent composition, of water.
The composition may be in the form of a spray and may be dispensed, for example, from a bottle via a trigger sprayer and/or an aerosol container with a valve.
The composition may have a viscosity of from 1 to 1500 centipoises (1-1500 mPa*s), from 100 to 1000 centipoises (100-1000 mPa*s), or from 200 to 500 centipoises (200-500 mPa*s) at 20 s−1 and 21° C.
Additional components and/or features of the compositions, such as delivery particles and consumer product adjunct materials, are discussed in more detail below.
The consumer product compositions of the present disclosure comprise a population of delivery particles.
The composition may comprise from about 0.05% to about 20%, or from about 0.05% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 0.2% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of delivery particles. The composition may comprise a sufficient amount of delivery particles to provide from about 0.05% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of the benefit agent, which may preferably be perfume raw materials, that is encapsulated in the core of the delivery particles to the composition. When discussing herein the amount or weight percentage of the delivery particles, it is meant the sum of the wall material and the core material.
The delivery particles typically comprise a core and a polymer wall (or simply “wall,” as used herein), where the polymer wall surrounds the core. As described in more detail below, the core may include a benefit agent, a shielding agent, and optionally a partitioning modifier, and the wall comprises a wall polymer derivable from wall-forming materials such as structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent.
The delivery particles may be obtained by a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing core materials and wall-forming materials, wherein the wall-forming materials comprise structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof; and (b) encapsulating the core materials in a polymer wall made, at least in part, from the wall-forming materials to form a population of core/shell delivery particles, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials and the wall polymer is at least 95:5.
In the present disclosure, the shielding agent being “capable of complexing with” the relevant benefit agents means any suitable interaction between the shielding agent and the relevant benefit agent, including a chemical reaction, dipole-dipole, moments, hydrogen bonding, and the like, preferably a chemical reaction. At least some of the benefit agents in question and a portion of the shielding agent may be present as a complex, which may preferably include a covalently-bonded compound, as such compounds are relatively stable during storage and/or treatment conditions.
The delivery particles of the present disclosure may comprise core materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, the polymer wall comprising a wall polymer being obtainable from wall-forming materials, wherein the wall-forming materials comprise structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
The delivery particles of the present disclosure may comprise core materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, wherein the polymer wall is formed by a free radical polymerization process, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
The delivery particles may be characterized by a volume-weighted median particle size from about 10 to about 100 microns, preferably from about 15 to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 20 to about 50 microns, even more preferably from about 30 to about 40 microns. Particle size is determined according to the procedure provided in the Test Method section below.
The population of delivery particles may be characterized by one or more of the following: (i) a 5th-percentile volume-weighted particle size of from about 1 micron to about 15 microns; (ii) a 50th-percentile (median) volume-weighted particle size of from about 30 microns to about 50 microns; (iii) a 90th-percentile volume-weighted particle size of from about 40 microns to about 80 microns; or (iv) a combination thereof.
The delivery particles may be characterized by a fracture strength. Fracture strength is determined according to the procedure provided in the Test Method section below. The population of delivery particles may be characterized by an average Fracture Strength (where fracture strength is measured across several capsules at the median/d50 size of the population) of about 0.2 MPa to about 30 MPa, or about 0.4 MPa to about 10 MPa, or about 0.6 MPa to about 5 MPa, or even from about 0.8 MPa to about 4 MPa. The population of delivery particles may be characterized by an average Fracture Strength of about 0.2 MPa to about 10 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 8 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 6 MPa, or from about 0.5 MPa to about 5 MPa, or from about 0.7 MPa to about 4 MPa, or from about 1 MPa to about 3 MPa. The population of delivery particles may be characterized by an average Fracture Strength of from about 0.2 to about 10 MPa, preferably from about 0.5 to about 8 MPa, more preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 MPa. It is believed that delivery particles having an average Fracture Strength at d50 at these levels will perform well at one or more touchpoints that are typical for a surface, such as a fabric, treated with a composition according to the present disclosure.
As described in more detail below, the delivery particles of the present disclosure comprise a core and a polymeric wall surrounding the core. Delivery particles with a high core:wall ratio can deliver a benefit agent more efficiently, requiring less wall material to deliver the same amount of benefit agent. Further, because the delivery particles have relatively high loading of benefit agent, less delivery particle material may be required for a particular composition, saving cost and/or freeing up formulation space.
The delivery particles of the present disclosure may be characterized by a core-to-polymer-wall weight ratio (also “core:polymer wall ratio,” “core-wall ratio,” “core:wall ratio,” or even “C:W ratio” and the like, as used herein). Relatively high core:wall ratios are typically preferred to increase the delivery efficiency or relatively payload of the particles. However, if the ratio is too high, then the capsule may become too brittle or leaky and provide suboptimal performance.
As used herein, the core:polymer wall ratio is be understood as calculated on the basis of the weight of the reacted wall-forming materials (e.g., structural monomers and wall-promoting agents) that constitute the polymer wall, and for purposes of the calculation excludes in the calculation entrapped nonstructural materials, such as entrapped emulsifier. The calculation is based the amounts of the starting inputs, namely the input monomers and wall-promoting agents.
A sample core:wall polymer ratio calculation is illustrated in Example 1 below. If the amounts of starting inputs are not readily available, then the core:wall ratio is determined according to the Analytical Determination of the Core:Wall Ratio procedure provided in the Test Methods section.
A delivery particle, preferably the population of delivery particles, may be characterized by a core:polymer wall weight ratio of at least about 95:5, preferably at least about 96:4, more preferably at least about 97:3, even more preferably at least about 98:2, even more preferably at least about 99:1. A delivery particle, preferably the population of delivery particles, may be characterized by a core-to-polymer-wall weight ratio of from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, preferably from about 96:4 to about 99.5:0.5, more preferably from about 96:4 to about 99:1, more preferably from about 97:3 to about 99:1, even more preferably from about 98:2 to about 99:1. The core-to-polymer-wall weight ratio may be preferably from about 95:5 to about 99.5:0.5, more preferably from about 96:4 to about 99:1, more preferably from about 97:3 to about 99:1, even more preferably from about 97:3 to about 98:2. As mentioned above, such ratios seek to balance loading efficiency with particle performance or characteristics (e.g., low leakage and/or sufficient Fracture Strength).
Components and processes related to the delivery particles of the present disclosure are described in more detail below.
A. Polymer Wall
The delivery particles of the present disclosure include a polymer wall that surrounds a core. To note, as used herein, the terms “polymer wall,” “wall,” and “shell” are used interchangeably, unless otherwise indicated.
The polymer wall may comprise a wall polymer. The wall polymer may be obtainable or formed from wall-forming materials. These materials are discussed in more detail below.
1. Wall Polymer
The polymer wall may comprise a wall polymer. The wall polymer may be obtainable or formed from wall-forming materials. The wall-forming materials typically comprise structural monomers and one or more free radical initiating agents.
The wall polymer may be preferably formed by a free radical polymerization reaction. Such walls may be formed from structural monomers that have one or more (preferably three to six) radical polymerizable groups and one or more (preferably two) free radical initiators.
The wall polymer preferably comprises a poly(meth)acrylate polymer.
a. Structural Monomers
The wall polymer is formed, in part, from structural monomers. The structural monomers may form a major part, preferably a majority, of the wall polymer, by weight. As indicated above, as used herein, “monomers” includes monomers, oligomers, and pre-polymers—effectively the building blocks that are used to form the wall polymer.
At least some, preferably all, of the structural monomers may be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible. Being oil-soluble or oil-dispersible facilitates convenient encapsulation processes, particularly when the benefit agent is also oil-soluble or oil-dispersible, such as a perfume oil. The structural monomers may be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible multifunctional monomers. The structural monomers may comprise (meth)acrylate monomers, which in turn may comprise oil-soluble or oil-dispersible (meth)acrylate monomers.
When the polymer wall is derived, at least in part, from an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible structural monomer, the polymer wall may be further derived from a water-soluble or water-dispersible mono- or multifunctional monomer, which may include a hydrophilic functional group. Suitable hydrophilic groups may include amine or carboxylic groups.
The structural monomers may be present at a level of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, by weight of the wall-forming materials.
The structural monomers may comprise (meth)acrylate monomers. As described in more detail above, the term “(meth)acrylate monomers” is intended to include both acrylate monomers and methacrylate monomers.
The (meth)acrylate monomers may be present at a level of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95%, by weight of the wall monomers, by weight of the structural monomers. Relatively high amounts of (meth)acrylate monomers can result in a desirable poly(meth)acrylate wall material that has desirable properties.
At least one of the structural monomers may comprise one or more radical polymerizable groups. At least one of the structural monomers, preferably a (meth)acrylate monomer, may be a multifunctional structural monomer, preferably a multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer. The multifunctional structural monomer may comprise at least three radical polymerizable functional groups, preferably at least four, preferably at least five, preferably at least six, more preferably exactly six, radical polymerizable functional groups. At least one, preferably more than one, of the radical polymerizable functional groups may be acrylate or methacrylate. the (meth)acrylate monomers comprise multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having at least three, preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six radical polymerizable functional groups with the proviso that at least one, more preferably at least three, of the radical polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate. It is believed that monomers comprising a relatively greater number of radical polymerizable groups result in, for example, delivery particles with more compact walls and having preferred properties, such as less leakage, compared to walls formed from monomers that have fewer radical polymerizable groups.
The radical polymerizable functional groups may be independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, styrene, allyl, vinyl, glycidyl, ether, epoxy, carboxyl, or hydroxyl, with the proviso that at least one of the radical polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate. Preferably, at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four, or at least five, or at least six of the radical polymerizable functional groups is an acrylate or methacrylate group. Preferably, the radical polymerizable functional groups are each independently selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate. It is believed that these functional groups result in delivery particles having preferred properties, such as less leakage at high core:wall ratios, compared to other functional groups.
The monomers may comprise a multifunctional aromatic urethane acrylate. Preferably, the multifunctional monomers comprise a hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate. Additionally or alternatively, the multifunctional monomers may comprise a multifunctional aliphatic urethane acrylate.
The wall polymer of the polymer wall may be derived from at least two different multifunctional monomers, for example first and second multifunctional monomers, preferably first and second multifunctional monomers that each comprise a (meth)acrylate group. Each monomer may preferably be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible. The first multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer may comprise a different number of radical polymerizable functional groups compared to the second multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer. The first and second multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers may comprise the same number of radical polymerizable functional groups, such as six (e.g., both monomers are hexafunctional), although the respective monomers are characterized by different structures or chemistries.
The wall polymer may be derived from three structural monomers. The wall polymer of the polymer wall may be a reaction product derived from the multifunctional (meth)acrylate (which may preferably be oil-soluble or oil-dispersible), a second monomer, and a third monomer. Preferably, the second monomer comprises a basic (meth)acrylate monomer, and the third monomer comprises an acidic (meth)acrylate monomer.
b. Free Radical Initiating Agent
The (meth)acrylate polymer of the polymer wall may be derived from wall monomers and at least one free radical initiating agent. The one or more free radical initiators can provide a source of free radicals upon activation, thereby facilitating polymerization to form the wall polymer. As used herein, the terms “free radical initiating agent” and “free radical initiator,” and even simply “initiator,” are used interchangeably, unless indicated otherwise.
As described above, the free radical initiators interact with the structural monomers that form the polymer of the wall. However, it is believed that the free radical initiating agents may also interact with certain benefit agents that are intended for encapsulation. For example, the free radical initiating agents may be capable of interacting with aldehyde-containing benefit agents, certain ketone-containing benefit agents, or mixtures thereof. When the free radical initiating agents interact with these benefit agents, for example, due to interference with the fragmented radical formed from the initiator or due to temporary radical pick-up, the free radical initiating agent is not available to interact with the structural monomers, and the formation of the wall polymer is effectively inhibited, particularly when the level of such benefit agents is relatively high.
In the polymer walls of the present disclosure, and/or in the free radical polymerization reactions employed to form the polymer walls, the free radical initiator may be present at a level of from about 1% to about 60%, by weight of the polymer wall, preferably from about 5% to about 60%, more preferably from about 10% to about 60%, even more preferably from about 20% to about 60%, preferably from about 20% to about 50%, more preferably from about 20% to about 45%, even more preferably from about 20% to about 35%, by weight of the polymer wall. It is believed that using the preferred levels of free radical initiating agents results in the most robust wall, particularly at the given core:wall weight ratios.
The free radical initiator may comprise more than one free radical initiators. The wall polymer may preferably be derived at least two free radical initiators, for example a first free radical initiator and a second free radical initiator. The first free radical initiator and the second free radical initiators may be present in a weight ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1:5, or preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:3, or more preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2, or even more preferably from about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5.
The free radical initiator may comprise an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiator. The free radical initiator may comprise a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator. The free radical initiator may comprise an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiator (e.g., as a first free radical initiator) and a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiator (e.g., as a second free radical initiator).
Suitable free radical initiators may include peroxy initiators, azo initiators, or mixtures thereof. More particularly, and without limitation, the free radical initiator may be selected from the group consisting of: peroxide; dialkyl peroxide; alkylperoxide; peroxyester; peroxycarbonate; peroxyketone; peroxydicarbonate; 2,2′-azobis (isobutylnitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile); 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropanenitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile); 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile); 1,1′-azobis(cyanocyclohexane); benzoyl peroxide; decanoyl peroxide; lauroyl peroxide; di(n-propyl)peroxydicarbonate; di(sec-butyl) peroxydicarbonate; di(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate; 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl peroxyneodecanoate; a-cumyl peroxyneoheptanoate; t-amyl peroxyneodecanoate; t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate; t-amyl peroxypivalate; t-butyl peroxypivalate; 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-di (2-ethylhexanoyl peroxy)hexane; t-amyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate; t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate; t-butyl peroxyacetate; di-t-amyl peroxyacetate; t-butyl peroxide; di-t-amyl peroxide; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3; cumene hydroperoxide; 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane; 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane; 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy)-cyclohexane; ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-butyrate; t-amyl perbenzoate; t-butyl perbenzoate; ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)-butyrate; and combinations thereof.
Preferred free radical initiators may include: 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid); 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile); or combinations thereof.
3. Other Materials
Other materials may be present in or on the polymer wall. For example, the polymer wall may comprise an emulsifier, a coating, or a combination thereof.
The polymer wall may comprise an emulsifier as a result of the particle-making process. When making the delivery particle, emulsifier may optionally be included, preferably in the water phase. The emulsifier may be a polymeric emulsifier. Emulsifier can help with further stabilizing an emulsion during the particle-making process. In formation of the polymer wall of the delivery particle, the polymeric emulsifier can become entrapped in the polymer wall material. These inclusions of emulsifier into the polymer wall usefully can be used to advantage in modification of polymer wall properties, influencing such attributes as flexibility, leakage, strength, and other properties. Thus, the polymer wall of the delivery particles may further comprise a polymeric emulsifier entrapped in the polymer wall, preferably wherein the polymeric emulsifier comprises polyvinyl alcohol. As indicated above, however, the entrapped polymeric emulsifier is not to be included when determining the core:wall polymer weight ratio.
The benefit agent delivery particle may comprise from about 0.5% to about 40%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 20%, more preferably 0.8% to 5% of an emulsifier, based on the weight of the wall material. Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxylated or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, salts or esters of stearic acid, lecithin, organosulphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-alkylsulphonic acid, styrene sulphonic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid; copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and water-soluble surfactant polymers which lower the surface tension of water.
The emulsifier preferably comprises polyvinyl alcohol, and the polyvinyl alcohol preferably has a hydrolysis degree from about 55% to about 99%, preferably from about 75% to about 95%, more preferably from about 85% to about 90% and most preferably from about 87% to about 89%. The polyvinyl alcohol may have a viscosity of from about 40 cps to about 80 cps, preferably from about 45 cps to about 72 cps, more preferably from about 45 cps to about 60 cps and most preferably 45 cps to 55 cps in an aqueous 4% polyvinyl alcohol solution at 20° C.; the viscosity of a polymer is determined by measuring a freshly made solution using a Brookfield LV type viscometer with UL adapter as described in British Standard EN ISO 15023-2:2006 Annex E Brookfield Test method. The polyvinyl alcohol may have a degree of polymerization of from about 1500 to about 2500, preferably from about 1600 to about 2200, more preferably from about 1600 to about 1900 and most preferably from about 1600 to about 1800. The weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol may be of from about 130,000 to about 204,000 Daltons, preferably from about 146,000 to about 186,000, more preferably from about 146,000 to about 160,000, and most preferably from about 146,000 to about 155,000, and/or has a number average molecular weight of from about 65,000 to about 110,000 Daltons, preferably from about 70,000 to about 101,000, more preferably from about 70,000 to about 90,000 and most preferably from about 70,000 to about 80,000.
The wall of the delivery particles may comprise a coating, for example on an outer surface of the wall, away from the core. The encapsulates may be manufactured and be subsequently coated with a coating material. The coating may be useful as a deposition aid. The coating may comprise a cationic material, such as a cationic polymer. As indicated above, however, a coating that is not a structural or support feature of the wall is not to be included in calculations when determining the core:wall polymer weight ratio.
Non-limiting examples of coating materials include but are not limited to materials selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene-maleic anhydride), polyamine, wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-ethyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polysiloxane, poly(propylene maleic anhydride), maleic anhydride derivatives, co-polymers of maleic anhydride derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene latex, gelatin, gum Arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, other modified celluloses, sodium alginate, chitosan, casein, pectin, modified starch, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its co polymers, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, polyallyl amines and copolymers of polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, and polyallyl amines and mixtures thereof. The coating material may be a cationic polymer. The coating material may comprise polyvinyl formamide, chitosan, or combinations thereof, preferably chitosan.
B. Core Materials
The delivery particles of the present disclosure include a core. The core comprises a benefit agent, a shielding agent, or a combination (e.g., a reaction product or other complex) thereof. The core optionally comprises a partitioning modifier.
The core of a particle is surrounded by the polymer wall. When the polymer wall is ruptured, the benefit agent (or complexes thereof) in the core is released.
1. Benefit Agent
Suitable benefit agents located in the core may include benefit agents that provide benefits to a surface, such as a fabric or hair.
The core may comprise from about 5% to about 99.9%, by weight of the core, of a benefit agent, which may preferably comprise a fragrance. The core may comprise from about 45% to about 95%, preferably from about 50% to about 80%, more preferably from about 50% to about 70%, by weight of the core, of the benefit agent, which may preferably comprise a fragrance.
The benefit agent may comprise an aldehyde-comprising benefit agent, a ketone-comprising benefit agent, or a combination thereof.
The benefit agent may preferably comprise an unsaturated-aldehyde-comprising benefit agent, an unsaturated-ketone-comprising benefit agent, or a combination thereof. Even more preferably, the benefit agent may comprise an α,β-unsaturated-aldehyde-comprising benefit agent (e.g, it contains an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety), an α,β-unsaturated-ketone-comprising benefit agent (e.g., it contains an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety), or a combination thereof. In particular, it may be that the ketone-comprising benefit agent comprises an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety. It is believed that such benefit agents are particularly likely to react with the wall-forming materials of the particles of the present disclosure, such as the free radical initiating agent.
The benefit agent may comprise an aromatic-ketone-comprising benefit agent (e.g., it contains an aromatic ketone moiety). It is believed that such benefit agents are particularly likely to react with the wall-forming materials of the particles of the present disclosure, such as the free radical initiating agent.
Such benefit agents, such as aldehyde- or ketone-containing perfume raw materials, are known to provide preferred benefits, such as freshness benefits. However, as mentioned above, these agents may also interfere with wall formation during the particle-forming process. Thus, when such materials are present, it is particularly advantageous to form the delivery particles with the initiator levels as described herein in order to get preferred performance profiles.
The benefit agent may comprise at least about 20%, preferably at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 40%, even more preferably at least about 50%, by weight of the benefit agent, of aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or combinations thereof.
The benefit agent may be selected from the group consisting of fragrance, silicone oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, essential oils, lubricants, lipids, skin coolants, vitamins, sunscreens, antioxidants, glycerine, catalysts, bleach particles, silicon dioxide particles, malodor reducing agents, odor-controlling materials, chelating agents, antistatic agents, softening agents, insect and moth repelling agents, colorants, antioxidants, chelants, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitization agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mold control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, fabric refreshing agents and freshness extending agents, chlorine bleach odor control agents, dye fixatives, dye transfer inhibitors, color maintenance agents, optical brighteners, color restoration/rejuvenation agents, anti-fading agents, whiteness enhancers, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, anti-pilling agents, defoamers, anti-foaming agents, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, anti-allergenic agents, enzymes, water proofing agents, fabric comfort agents, shrinkage resistance agents, stretch resistance agents, stretch recovery agents, skin care agents, glycerin, synthetic or natural actives, antibacterial actives, antiperspirant actives, cationic polymers, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
The encapsulated benefit agent may preferably a fragrance, which may include one or more perfume raw materials. Fragrance is particularly suitable for encapsulation in the presently described delivery particles, as the fragrance-containing particles can provide freshness benefits across multiple touchpoints.
The term “perfume raw material” (or “PRM”) as used herein refers to compounds having a molecular weight of at least about 100 g/mol and which are useful in imparting an odor, fragrance, essence or scent, either alone or with other perfume raw materials. Typical PRMs comprise inter alia alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, nitrites and alkenes, such as terpene. A listing of common PRMs can be found in various reference sources, for example, “Perfume and Flavor Chemicals”, Vols. I and II; Steffen Arctander Allured Pub. Co. (1994) and “Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology”, Miller, P. M. and Lamparsky, D., Blackie Academic and Professional (1994).
The PRMs may be characterized by their boiling points (B.P.) measured at the normal pressure (760 mm Hg), and their octanol/water partitioning coefficient (P), which may be described in terms of log P, determined according to the test method below. Based on these characteristics, the PRMs may be categorized as Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, or Quadrant IV perfumes, as described in more detail below.
The fragrance may comprise perfume raw materials that have a log P of from about 2.5 to about 4. It is understood that other perfume raw materials may also be present in the fragrance.
The perfume raw materials may comprise a perfume raw material selected from the group consisting of perfume raw materials having a boiling point (B.P.) lower than about 250° C. and a log P lower than about 3, perfume raw materials having a B.P. of greater than about 250° C. and a log P of greater than about 3, perfume raw materials having a B.P. of greater than about 250° C. and a log P lower than about 3, perfume raw materials having a B.P. lower than about 250° C. and a log P greater than about 3 and mixtures thereof. Perfume raw materials having a boiling point B.P. lower than about 250° C. and a log P lower than about 3 are known as Quadrant I perfume raw materials. Quadrant 1 perfume raw materials are preferably limited to less than 30% of the perfume composition. Perfume raw materials having a B.P. of greater than about 250° C. and a log P of greater than about 3 are known as Quadrant IV perfume raw materials, perfume raw materials having a B.P. of greater than about 250° C. and a log P lower than about 3 are known as Quadrant II perfume raw materials, perfume raw materials having a B.P. lower than about 250° C. and a log P greater than about 3 are known as a Quadrant III perfume raw materials. Suitable Quadrant I, II, III and IV perfume raw materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,923 B1.
The consumer product composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the benefit agent comprises fragrance, preferably wherein the fragrance comprises at least about 20%, preferably at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 40%, even more preferably at least about 50%, by weight of the fragrance, of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials, ketone-containing perfume raw materials, or combinations thereof. Preferably the sum of the amounts of aldehyde- and ketone-containing perfume raw materials is from about 20% to about 70%, more preferably from about 25% to about 60%, even more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, by weight of the of the fragrance. Suitable fragrances may comprise from about 5% to about 60%, by weight of the fragrance, of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials. Suitable fragrances may comprise from about 1% to about 30%, by weight of the fragrance.
Preferred aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials may include: methyl nonyl acetaldehyde: benzaldehyde; floralozone; isocyclocitral; triplal (ligustral); precyclemone B; lilial; decyl aldehyde; undecylenic aldehyde; cyclamen homoaldehyde; cyclamen aldehyde; dupical; oncidal; adoxal; melonal; calypsone; anisic aldehyde; heliotropin; cuminic aldehyde; scentenal; 3,6-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde; satinaldehyde; canthoxal; vanillin; ethyl vanillin; cinnamic aldehyde; cis-4-decenal; trans-4-decenal; cis-7-decenal; trans-2-hexenal; trans-2-octenal; 2-undecenal; 2,4-dodecadeienal; cis-4-heptenal; Florydral; butyl cinnamaldehyde; limonelal; amyl cinnamaldehyde; hexyl cinnamaldehyde; citronellal; citral; cis-3-hexen-1-al; octyl aldehyde; intreleven aldehyde; lauric aldehyde; methyl nonyl acetaldehyde; aldehyde mandarine/trans-2-docecenal; or mixtures thereof. Preferred aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials include unsaturated-aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials, more preferably α,β-unsaturated-aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials. Other preferred aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials may include aromatic-aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials.
Preferred ketone-containing raw materials may include: nerolione; 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one; 1-naphthalen-2-ylethanone; nectaryl; trimofix 0; fleuramone; delta-damascone; beta-damascone; alpha-damascone; damascenone; methyl ionone; ionone alpha; ionone beta; ionone gamma methyl; 2-hexylcyclopent-2-en-1-one; galbascone/neobutenone; para hydroxy phenyl butanone; or mixtures thereof. Preferred ketone-containing perfume raw materials include unsaturated-ketone-containing perfume raw materials, more preferably α,β-unsaturated-ketone-containing perfume raw materials. Other preferred ketone-containing perfume raw materials may include aromatic-ketone-containing perfume raw materials.
Suitable fragrances may comprise aldehyde- and ketone-containing perfume raw materials in the amounts shown in Table A.
The aldehyde-containing PRMs of the fragrances in Table A may be selected from: decyl aldehyde, octyl aldehyde, ligustral/triplal, melonal, scentenal, dupical, florhydral, cymal/cyclamen aldehyde, intreleven aldehyde, lauric aldehyde, methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, undecylenic aldehyde, aldehyde mandarine/trans-2-docecenal, or mixtures thereof. Such materials may be preferred for good-smelling and efficient perfume accords.
The ketone-containing PRMs of the fragrances in Table A may be selected from: galbascone/neobutenone, para hydroxy phenyl butanone, nectaryl, delta-damascone, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, damascenone, ionone alpha, ionone beta, ionone gamma methyl, or mixtures thereof. Such materials may be preferred for good-smelling and efficient perfume accords.
2. Shielding Agent
The core materials of the delivery particles may also comprise a shielding agent. The shielding agent is capable of complexing, for example through the formation of one or more covalent bonds, dipole-dipole moments, and/or hydrogen bonding, with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof. The shielding agent may be present as part of such a benefit agent/shielding agent complex. Put another way, at least some of the aldehyde- and/or ketone-containing benefit agents and a portion the shielding agent may be present as a complex, which can preferably include a covalently-bonded compound, as such compounds are relatively stable during storage and/or treatment conditions.
It is preferred that the compounds forming the complex can be separated after the polymer wall of the delivery particle has formed. For example, a covalent bond, if formed, may be broken upon a triggering condition, such as in the presence of water or heat, which preferably releases the benefit agent at a desirable touchpoint.
As discussed above, it is believed that properly selected shielding agents with interact with the aldehyde and/or ketone moieties of the indicated benefit agents, thereby minimizing the interactions of these benefit agents with the wall-formation process. For example, by complexing with the shielding agent, the benefit agent has reduced availability to complex with the free radical initiating agent, which in turn keeps the initiator free to facilitate robust polymer wall formation.
The shielding agent may be present at a level of at least about 1%, preferably at least about 3%, more preferably at least about 5%, by weight of the core materials. The shielding agent may be present at a level of from about 1% to about 25%, preferably from about 3% to about 20%, more preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the core materials.
The shielding agent may be present at a level of at least about 1%, preferably at least about 3%, more preferably at least about 5%, by weight of the benefit agent materials that are to be encapsulated in the core. The shielding agent may be present at a level of from about 1% to about 25%, preferably from about 3% to about 20%, more preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the benefit agent materials that are to be encapsulated in the core.
The aldehyde-containing benefit agent, the ketone-containing benefit agent, or mixtures thereof may be present with the shielding agent in a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:10, preferably from about 5:1 to about 1:5, more preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:3, even more preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2. It may be desirable to provide the materials in such ratios so that they may effectively form complexes, which is believed to ultimately result in preferred particle walls.
In order for the shielding agent, e.g. for example the amine, to optimally perform the shielding effect, it may be preferred that the shielding agent has a limited tendency to migrate from the oil phase to the water phase, either because of the high solubility of the shielding agent in the water phase or the water phase interaction properties of the shielding agent. Therefore, shielding agents with a high enough hydrophobicity may be preferred in order to stay in the oil phase (e.g., with a perfume oil) and be able to effectively act as shielding agent. Therefore, shielding agents, such as amines, with a log P of above 1 are preferred, more preferred above 1.5 and more preferred above 1.7.
The shielding agent may preferably be selected from the group consisting of: an amine-containing compound; a silicon-containing compound; a sulfur-containing compound; a material that, when reacted with the aldehyde-containing benefit agent, ketone-containing benefit agent, or mixture thereof, forms an alkylidene-containing compound according to Formula (I), wherein the moieties and indices are as described herein:
and mixtures thereof.
The shielding agent may preferably comprise an amine-containing compound (also known herein as an “aminofunctional material”). Such compounds may be preferred because that can be characterized by relatively high reactivity with the aldehyde- and/or ketone-containing benefit agents, particularly perfume raw materials, of the present disclosure.
The amine-containing compound may be a monoamine, a diamine, or a polyamine. The Amine-containing compound may comprise primary amine moieties, secondary amine moieties, or combinations thereof. The amine-containing compound may preferably comprise a primary amine moiety.
The primary amine moiety may be bonded to an inorganic carrier moiety. By “inorganic carrier”, it is meant a carrier which is comprised of non- or substantially non-carbon-based backbones. For example, such suitable compounds may include monomers or polymers or organic-organosilicon copolymers of amino derivatised organo silane, siloxane, silazane, alumane, aluminum siloxane, aluminum silicate compounds, or mixtures thereof. Typical examples of such carriers are: organosiloxanes with at least one primary amine moiety like the diaminoalkylsiloxane [H2NCH2(CH3) 2Si]O, or the organoaminosilane (C6H5) 3SiNH2 described in: Chemistry and Technology of Silicone, W. Noll, Academic Press Inc. 1998, London, pp 209, 106). Suitable silicones may include non-functionalized siloxane polymers, functionalized siloxane polymers, or combinations thereof. The silicone may comprise a non-functionalized siloxane polymer. (By non-functionalized, it is meant that functional groups, if present, are generally non-reactive—for example, methyl groups.) The siloxane polymer may comprise polyalkyl and/or phenyl silicone fluids, resins, and/or gums. The silicone polymer may comprise an aminosilicone, silicone polyether, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), cationic silicones, silicone polyurethane, silicone polyureas, or mixtures thereof. The silicone polymer may preferably be selected from a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer, an aminosilicone, or a mixture thereof. As described below, the shielding agent may be, among other things, an amine-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound, or mixtures thereof, in the case of aminosilicones and the like, it is understood that the shielding agent may comprise amine groups and silicon groups.
The primary amine moiety may be bonded to an organic carrier moiety. For example, such suitable compounds may include aminoaryl derivatives, polyamines, amino acids and derivatives thereof, substituted amines and amides, glucamines, dendrimers, polyvinylamines and derivatives thereof, and/or copolymers thereof, alkylene polyamine, polyaminoacid and copolymer thereof, cross-linked polyaminoacids, amino substituted polyvinylalcohol, polyoxyethylene bis amine or bis aminoalkyl, aminoalkyl piperazine and derivatives thereof, bis (amino alkyl) alkyl diamine linear or branched, or mixtures thereof.
Preferred aminoaryl derivatives are the amino-benzene derivatives including methyl anthranilate, dimethylanthranilate (Methyl 2-(methylamino)benzoate), the alkyl esters of 4-amino benzoate compounds, and more preferably selected from ethyl-4-amino benzoate, phenylethyl-4-aminobenzoate, phenyl-4-aminobenzoate, 4-amino-N′-(3-aminopropyl)-benzamide, their isomers and mixtures thereof.
The shielding agent may comprise a polyamine. Suitable polyamines may include polyethyleneimine polymers, partially alkylated polyethylene polymers, polyethyleneimine polymers with hydroxyl groups, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,3 pentanediamine, 3-dimethylpropanediamine, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, tripropylenetetraamine, bis (3-aminopropyl)piperazine, dipropylenetriamine, tris(2-aminoethylamine), tetraethylenepentamine, bishexamethylenetriamine, bis(3-aminopropyl) 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 3,3′-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine, pentaethylhexamine, 1,3-diamino-2-propyl-tert-butylether, isophorondiamine, 4,4′,-diaminodicyclohylmethane, N-methyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)ethanolamine, spermine, spermidine, 1-piperazineethaneamine, 2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethanol, ethoxylated N-(tallowalkyl)trimethylene diamines, poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], a-(2-aminomethyl-ethoxy)-(=C.A.S No. 9046-10-0); poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], a-hydro-)-w-(2-aminomethylethoxy)-, ether with 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (=C.A.S. No. 39423-51-3); commercially available under the tradename Jeffamines T-403, D-230, D-400, D-2000; 2,2′,2″-triaminotriethylamine; 2,2′-diamino-diethylamine; 3,3′-diamino-dipropylamine, 1,3 bis aminoethyl-cyclohexane commercially available from Mitsubishi and the C12 Sternamines commercially available from Clariant like the C12 Sternamin(propylenamine)n with n=3/4, and mixtures thereof. Preferred polyamines are polyethyleneimines commercially available under the tradename LUPASOL, like LUPASOL FG (MW 800), G20wfv (MW 1300), PR8515 (MW 2000), WF (MW 25000), FC (MW 800), G20 (MW 1300), G35 (MW 1200), G100 (MW 2000), HF (MW 25000), P (MW 750000), PS (MW 750000), SK (MW 2000000), SNA (MW 1000000). Of these, the most preferred include LUPASOL HF or WF (MW 25000), P (MW 750000), PS (MW 750000), SK (MW 2000000), 620wfv (MW 1300) and PR 1815 (MW 2000), Epomin SP-103, Epomin SP-110, Epomin SP-003, Epomin SP-006, Epomin SP-012, Epomin SP-018, Epomin SP-200, and partially alkoxylated polyethyleneimine, like polyethyleneimine 80% ethoxylated from Aldrich.
The shielding agent may comprise an aliphatic amine. Suitable aliphatic aminofunctional materials may preferably be branched. Such materials may include: 2-ethylhexylamine; tridecylamine, branched; t-butylamine; neopentanediamine (2,2-dimethyl propane-1,3-diamine); trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine; 2-aminoheptane; 2-butyloctylamine; or mixtures thereof.
The shielding agent may comprise a cycloaliphatic amine. Suitable cycloaliphatic amines may have a structure according to the following structure:
where the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from —NH2, —H, hydrophilic groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, substituted alkyl groups, cycloaliphatic groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or substituted cycloaliphatic groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 3, preferably n is 1; with the proviso that the compound has from one to three primary and/or secondary amine groups, preferably from one to three primary amine groups, more preferably two primary amine groups.
The alkyl, alkenyl, and/or substituted alkyl groups that are substituents of the cycloaliphatic amine structure shown above, if any, may independently be linear or branched. Substituted alkyl and substituted cycloaliphatic groups, if any, can be substituted with primary and/or secondary amine groups.
Suitable cycloaliphatic amines may any of include the following materials, or mixtures thereof:
Particularly preferred cycloaliphatic amines may include methylcyclohexane diamines, preferably: 2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine; 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine; or mixtures thereof.
The shielding agent may comprise an aminoalcohol, preferably where one primary amine moiety or one secondary amine moiety is separated by two carbon atoms from a hydroxyl group. Although aminofunctional materials having hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups are typically not preferred for use in the presently disclosed compositions, aminoalcohols having this particular configuration can be useful. Preferred aminoalcohols may include 2-(butylamino)ethanol, 1-(cyclohexylamino)2-propanol, 1-(dodecyloxy)-3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol, 3-(dodecylamino)-1,2-propanediol, or mixtures thereof.
Another suitable aminofunctional material is 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane.
The shielding agent may comprise a substituted amine, a substituted amide, or mixtures thereof. Preferred substituted amines and/or amides for use herein may be selected from nipecotamide, N-coco-1,3-propenediamine; N-oleyl-1,3-propenediamine; N-(tallow alkyl)-1,3-propenediamine; 1,4-diamino cyclohexane; 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane; 1,12-diaminododecane, and mixtures thereof.
Other primary amine compounds suitable for use herein are the glucamines, preferably selected from 2,3,4,5,6-pentamethoxy-glucamine; 6-acetylglucamine, glucamine, and mixture thereof.
Also preferred compounds are the polyethylenimine and/or polypropylenimine dendrimers and the commercially available Starburst{dot over (O)} polyamidoamines (PAMAM) dendrimers, generation G0-G10 from Dendritech and the dendrimers Astromols{dot over (O)}, generation 1-5 from DSM being DiAminoButane PolyAmine DAB (PA)x dendrimers with x=2n×4 and n being generally comprised between 0 and 4.
The shielding agent may comprise an amino acid or a derivative thereof. Preferred amino acids for use herein are selected from tyrosine, tryptophane, lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, arginine, asparagine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, histidine, threonine, methionine, and mixture thereof, most preferably selected from tyrosine, tryptophane, and mixture thereof. Preferred amino acid derivatives are selected from tyrosine ethylate, glycine methylate, tryptophane ethylate, and mixture thereof.
The shielding agent may comprise a polyamino acid. Polyaminoacids are compounds which are made up of amino acids or chemically modified amino acids. They can contain alanine, serine, aspartic acid, arginine, valine, threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, cysteine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, tyrosine, asparagine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glutamine, glycine or mixtures thereof. In chemically modified amino acids, the amine or acidic function of the amino acid has reacted with a chemical reagent. This is often done to protect these chemical amine and acid functions of the amino acid in a subsequent reaction or to give special properties to the amino acids, like improved solubility. Examples of such chemical modifications are benzyloxycarbonyl, aminobutyric acid, butyl ester, pyroglutamic acid. More examples of common modifications of amino acids and small amino acid fragments can be found in the Bachem, 1996, Peptides and Biochemicals Catalog.
A preferred polyamino acid is polylysine. Most preferred are polylysines or polyamino acids where more than 50% of the amino acids are lysine, since the primary amine function in the side chain of the lysine is the most reactive amine of all amino acids.
Preferred polyamino acids are characterized by a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000,000 Daltons, more preferably between 2000 and 25,000 Daltons.
The polyamino acid can be cross linked. The cross linking can be obtained for example by condensation of the amine group in the side chain of the amino acid like lysine with the carboxyl function on the amino acid or with protein cross linkers like PEG derivatives. The cross linked polyamino acids still need to have free primary and/or secondary amino groups left for reaction with the benefit agent.
Preferred cross linked polyamino acids have a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 10,000,000 Daltons; more preferably between 200,000 and 2,000,000 Daltons.
The polyamino acid or the amino acid can be co-polymerized with other reagents, such as acids, amides, and/or acyl chlorides. More specifically with aminocaproic acid, adipic acid, ethylhexanoic acid, caprolactam or mixture thereof. The molar ratio used in these copolymers may range from 1:1 (reagent/amino acid (lysine)) to 1:20, more preferably from 1:1 to 1:10.
The polyamino acid like polylysine can also be partially ethoxylated so long as the requisite amount of primary amino groups remains in the polymer. Preferably, however, the amine-based compounds utilized herein are unethoxylated.
Examples and supply of polyaminoacids containing lysine, arginine, glutamine, asparagine are given in the Bachem 1996, Peptides and Biochemicals catalog.
The polyaminoacid can be obtained before reaction with the benefit agent, under a salt form. For example, polylysine can be supplied as polylysine hydrobromide.
Examples of suitable polyamines containing at least one primary amine group include: polyvinylamine with a MW of 300 to 2.10E6 Daltons; polyvinylamine alkoxylated with a MW of 600, 1200 or 3000 and an ethoxylation degree of 0.5; polyvinylamine vinylalcohol—molar ratio 2:1; polyvinylaminevinylformamide—molar ratio 1:2; polyvinylamine vinylformamide-molar ratio 2:1; triethylenetetramine; diethylenetriamine; tetraethylenepentamine; bis-aminopropylpiperazine; polyamino acid (L-lysine/lauric acid in a molar ratio of 10/1), polyamino acid (L-lysine/aminocaproic acid/adipic acid in a molar ratio of 5/5/1), polyamino acid (L-lysine/aminocaproic acid/ethylhexanoic acid in a molar ratio of 5/3/1); Polyamino acid (polylysine-cocaprolactam); polylysine; polylysine hydrobromide; cross-linked polylysine; amino-substituted polyvinylalcohol with a MW ranging from 400-300,000; polyoxyethylene bis [amine]; polyoxyethylene bis [6-aminohexyl]; —N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine linear or branched (TPTA); N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine; 1,4-bis-(3-aminopropyl) piperazine (BNPP); or mixtures thereof.
Preferred amine compounds for use herein can include non-aromatic amines. These most preferred amine compounds are selected from polyethyleneimine polymers commercially available under the tradename Lupasol like Lupasol HF, P, PS, SK, SNA, WF, G20wfv and PR8515; the diaminobutane dendrimers Astramol{dot over (O)}, polylysine, cross-linked polylysine, N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine linear or branched; N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine; 1,4-bis-(3-aminopropyl) piperazine, and mixtures thereof. Even more preferred compounds are those selected from polyethyleneimine polymers having a molecular weight greater than 200 daltons including those commercially available under the tradename Lupasol like Lupasol HF, P, PS, SK, SNA, WF, G20wfv and PR8515; polylysine, cross-linked polylysine, N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine linear or branched, N,N′-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine; 1,4-bis-(3-aminopropyl) piperazine, and mixtures thereof.
As noted, the amine component of the delivery systems herein may also be a monoamine. Nonlimiting examples of suitable monoamines for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, primary amines that also contain hydroxy and/or alkoxy functional groups, such as the 2-hydroxyamines and/or 3-hydroxyamines.
When the amine is a monoamine, it may be preferred that the monoamine have certain solubility characteristics as measured by log P. The log P value is related to a measurement of the octanol/water partition coefficient of the monoamine molecule and relates to the ratio between its equilibrium concentrations in octanol and in water. Since the partition coefficients of the monoamine materials useful herein have high values, they are more conveniently given in the form of their logarithm to the base 10, log P, which is known as the log P value. Methods for determining log P are provided in the Test Methods section below. The preferred monoamines for use herein are those having a C log P greater than 1, preferably greater than 2. Relatively higher log P values may be particularly preferred when the benefit agent is relatively hydrophobic, such as is often the case with perfume oils; in such cases, the shielding agent and the benefit agent may be more likely to mix and ultimate associate or react together.
The shielding agent may comprise a silicon-containing compound. The silicon containing compound may be a siloxane. The silicon-containing compound may be an aminosilicone. The aldehyde- or ketone-containing benefit agent may covalently bond with the silicon-containing compound, for example by forming an imine bond with a primary amine group of an aminosilicone, in one or more terminal or non-terminal, including pendant, positions of a silicone backbone. Silicones may be particularly preferred in that they may facilitate improved deposition of the benefit agent fragments onto a target surface, such as a fabric, prior to the release of the benefit agent, which may preferably be a perfume raw material. Such silicone-based delivery technologies are further disclosed in US Patent Application 2016/0137674A1 (assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company), incorporated herein by reference.
The shielding agent may comprise a sulfur-containing material. When the sulfur-containing material reacts with an aldehyde-containing benefit agent, a ketone-containing benefit agent, or a mixture thereof, the resulting complex or compound may preferably be characterized by a structure according to Formula (II):
Y—S-G-Q Formula (II)
wherein:
(i) Y is a radical selected from the group consisting of (Y-1) to (Y-7) shown herein below, including isomeric forms:
wherein the wavy lines represent the location of the sulfur bond, and the dotted lines represent a single or double bond;
(ii) G is selected from a divalent or trivalent radical derived from a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms; and
(iii) Q is selected from a hydrogen, a —S—Y group, or a —NR2—Y group, wherein Y is independently selected as defined above, and R2 is selected from a hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group.
G may preferably be a divalent or trivalent radical, preferably a divalent radical derived from a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of —OR1, —NR12, —COOR1, R1 groups, and a combination thereof, wherein R1 is selected from a hydrogen or a C1 to C6 alkyl or alkenyl group. Preferably, G is a divalent radical derived from a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, substituted with at least one —COOR1 group, preferably substituted with a —COOR1 group, wherein R1 is selected from a hydrogen or a C1 to C6 alkyl or alkenyl group. Even more preferably, G is a divalent radical derived from a linear alkyl radical having a —CH2CH(COOR1) group, wherein R1 is a hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl group. G may be a divalent radical derived from a linear alkyl radical having from 8 to 15 carbon atoms which is either substituted or un-substituted.
After bonding with the benefit agent, the sulfur-containing complex or compound is preferably a compound according to Formula (II) above, wherein Y is selected from Y-1, Y-2 or Y-3 groups as defined above, and G and Q are defined in any one of the above-described embodiments.
After bonding with the benefit agent, the sulfur-containing complex or compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of: methyl or ethyl 2-(4-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)butan-2-ylamino)-3-(4-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)butan-2-ylthio)propanate, methyl or ethyl 2-(4-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)butan-2-ylamino)-3-(4-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)butan-2-ylthio)propanate, methyl or ethyl 2-(2-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)butan-4-ylamino)-3-(2-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)butan-4-ylthio)propanate, methyl or ethyl 2-(2-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)butan-4-ylamino)-3-(2-oxo-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)butan-4-ylthio)propanate, 3-(dodecylthio)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-1-butanone, 3-(dodecylthio)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-1-butanone, 4-(dodecylthio)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-2-butanone, 4-(dodecylthio)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-2-butanone, 2-dodecylsulfanyl-5-methyl-heptan-4-one, 2-cyclohexyl-1-dodecylsulfanyl-hept-6-en-3-one, 3-(dodecylthio)-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohexanone, and a combination thereof.
After bonding with the benefit agent, the sulfur-containing complex or compound is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 3-(dodecylthio)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-1-butanone, 4-(dodecylthio)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enl-yl)-2-butanone, 4-(dodecylthio)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-2-butanone and 3-(dodecylthio)-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohexanone, and a combination thereof.
After bonding with the benefit agent, one of the most preferred sulfur-containing complexes or compounds is 3-(dodecylthio)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-1-butanone. Such materials are sold as Haloscent® D available from Firmenich located in Geneva, Switzerland.
The shielding agent may comprise a material that, when reacted with the aldehyde-containing compound, ketone-containing compound, or mixture thereof, forms an alkylidene-containing compound according to Formula (I):
wherein: A is a hydrocarbon residue of an aldehyde-containing perfume raw material (e.g., A-CHO), wherein the hydrocarbon residue may optionally contain one or more heteroatom(s) selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, and mixtures thereof, and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of a nitrile group (—CN), a keto group (—C(O)R), and an ester group (—C(O)OR′), wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl groups having from one to ten carbon atoms, preferably alkyl groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and pentyl groups. Suitable alkylidene-containing compounds are described in more detail in WO2018/096176 (to Givaudan SA).
In the alkylidene-containing compound according to formula (I), it may be that X and Y are not both keto groups.
In the alkylidene-containing compound according to formula (I), it may be that X and Y represent different functional groups, preferably wherein one group of X and Y is an ester group and the other group is a keto group, more preferably wherein the alkylidene double bond is enriched in its Z-isomer. It is believed that the Z-isomer is likely to provide a better release profile of the benefit agent, compared to the related E-isomer.
The alkylidene-containing compound may have a structure according to Formula (IA):
preferably wherein the alkylidene double bond is enriched in its Z-isomer.
Preferably, the alkylidene-containing compound may be is 2-acetyl-4-methyltridec-2-enoate, having a structure according to Formula (IB):
preferably wherein the alkylidene double bond is enriched in its Z-isomer. It has been found that such materials provide good release profiles and contribute to preferred freshness experiences when the benefit agent is a PRM.
The alkylidene-containing compound according to formula (I) above, preferably according to formula (II) above, more preferably according to formula (III) above, may release an aldehyde-containing perfume raw material, which may be a non-linear aldehyde-containing perfume raw material, preferably one comprising methyl nonyl acetaldehyde. It has been found that such materials provide good PRM release profiles and contribute to preferred freshness experiences.
Preferably, the shielding agent is an amine-containing compound, more preferably an amine-containing compound selected from methyl anthranilate, dimethyl anthranilate, or combinations thereof. As shown in the examples below, the presence of an amine-containing compound (e.g., methyl anthranilate) can result in delivery particles with improved performance compared to other particles. Dimethyl anthranilate may be preferred due to a relatively greater degree of hydrophobicity compared to methyl anthranilate, which may facilitate improved formation of complexes with certain perfume oils.
3. Partitioning Modifier
The core of the delivery particles of the present disclosure may comprise a partitioning modifier. The properties of the oily material in the core can play a role in determining how much, how quickly, and/or how permeable the poly(meth)acrylate shell material will be when established at the oil/water interface. For example, if the oil phase comprises highly polar materials, these materials may reduce the diffusion of the acrylate oligomers and polymers to the oil/water interface and result in a very thin, highly permeable shell. Incorporation of a partitioning modifier can adjust the polarity of the core, thereby changing the partition coefficient of the polar materials in the partitioning modifier versus the acrylate oligomers, and can result in the establishment of a well-defined, highly impermeable shell. The partitioning modifier may be combined with the core's perfume oil material prior to incorporation of the wall-forming monomers.
The partitioning modifier may be present in the core at a level of from about 5% to about 55%, preferably from about 10% to about 50%, more preferably from about 25% to about 50%, by weight of the core.
The partitioning modifier may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof. The partitioning modifier may preferably comprise or even consist of isopropyl myristate. The modified vegetable oil may be esterified and/or brominated. The modified vegetable oil may preferably comprise castor oil and/or soy bean oil. US Patent Application Publication 20110268802, incorporated herein by reference, describes other partitioning modifiers that may be useful in the presently described delivery particles.
C. Method of Making Delivery Particles
Delivery particles may be made according to known methods, so long as the core:shell ratios described herein are observed. Methods may be further adjusted to arrive at other desirable characteristics described herein, such as volume-weighted particle size, relative amounts of benefit agent and/or partitioning modifier, etc.
For example, the present disclosure relates to a process of making a population of delivery particles comprising a core and a polymer wall encapsulating the core. The process may comprise the step of providing an oil phase. The oil phase may comprise a benefit agent and a partition modifier, as described above. The process may further comprise dissolving or dispersing into the oil phase one or more oil-soluble or dispersible multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having at least three, and preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six radical polymerizable functional groups with the proviso that at least one of the radical polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate.
The process of obtaining the core/wall delivery particles may comprise the step of combining two liquid phases, wherein the first phase is an oil phase and the second phase is an aqueous phase. When forming the presently disclosed delivery particles, it may be preferred that the benefit agent and the shielding agent, are present in the same liquid phase, preferably in the oil phase. When they are in the same liquid phase, they are more likely to interact and thereby minimize negative interactions with the wall formation process. Even more preferably, at least one wall-promoting agent is in the same liquid phase, preferably in the oil phase. At least one structural monomer may be in the same liquid phase as well, preferably in the oil phase.
The oil-soluble or dispersible multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are described in more detail above. Among other things, the oil-soluble or dispersible multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers may comprise a multifunctional aromatic urethane acrylate, preferably a tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate, or mixtures thereof, preferably comprising a hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate. The monomer may comprise one or more multifunctional aliphatic urethane acrylates, which may be dissolved or dispersed into the oil phase. The process may further comprise dissolving or dispersing one or more of an amine (meth)acrylate or an acidic (meth)acrylate into the oil phase.
The process may further comprise providing a water phase, which may comprise an emulsifier, a surfactant, or a combination thereof. The process may further comprise the step of dissolving or dispersing into the water phase one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible mono- or multi-functional (meth)acrylate monomers and/or oligomers.
The process may comprising a step of dissolving or dispersing in into the water phase, the oil phases, or both, of one or more amine (meth)acrylates, acidic (meth)acrylates, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylates, ethoxylated mono- or multi-functional (meth)acrylates, and/or other (meth)acrylate monomers.
In general, the oil soluble multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is soluble or dispersible in the oil phase, typically soluble at least to the extent of 1 gram in 100 ml of the oil, or dispersible or emulsifiable therein at 22 C. The water soluble multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers are typically soluble or dispersible in water, typically soluble at least to the extent of 1 gram in 100 ml of water, or dispersible therein at 22 C.
Typically, the oil phase is combined with an excess of the water phase. If more than one oil phase is employed, these generally are first combined, and then combined with the water phase. If desired, the water phase can also comprise one or more water phases that are sequentially combined.
The oil phase may be emulsified into the water phase under high shear agitation to form an oil-in-water emulsion, which may comprise droplets of the core materials dispersed in the water phase. Typically, the amount of shear agitation applied can be controlled to form droplets of a target size, which influences the final size of the finished encapsulates.
The dissolved or dispersed monomers may be reacted by heating or actinic irradiation of the emulsion. The reaction can form a polymer wall at an interface of the droplets and the water phase. The radical polymerizable groups of the multifunctional methacrylate, upon heating, facilitate self-polymerization of the multifunctional methacrylate.
One or more free radical initiators are provided to the oil phase, the water phase, or both, preferably both. For example, the process may comprise adding one or more free radical initiators to the water phase, for example to provide a further source of free radicals upon activation by heat. The process may comprise adding one or more free radical initiators to the oil phase. The one or more free radical initiators may be added to the water phase, the oil phase, or both in an amount of from greater than 0% to about 5%, by weight of the respective phase. Latent initiators are also contemplated where a first action, particularly a chemical reaction, is needed to transform the latent initiator into an active initiator which subsequently initiates polymerization upon exposure to polymerizing conditions. Where multiple initiators are present, it is contemplated, and preferred, that each initiator be initiated or suitably initiated by a different condition.
In the described process, the heating step may comprise heating the emulsion from about 1 hour to about 20 hours, preferably from about 2 hours to about 15 hours, more preferably about 4 hours to about 10 hours, most preferably from about 5 to about 7 hours, thereby heating sufficiently to transfer from about 500 joules/kg to about 5000 joules/kg to said emulsion, from about 1000 joules/kg to about 4500 joules/kg to said emulsion, from about 2900 joules/kg to about 4000 joules/kg to said emulsion.
Prior to the heating step, the emulsion may be characterized by a volume-weighted median particle size of the emulsion droplets of from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, even from about 1 microns to about 60 microns, or even from 20 to 50 microns, preferably from about 30 microns to about 50 microns, with a view to forming a population of delivery particles with a volume-weighted target size, for example, of from about 30 to about 50 microns.
The benefit agent may be selected as described above, and is preferably a fragrance that comprises one or more perfume raw materials. The benefit agent may be the primary, or even only component, of the oil phase into which the other materials are dissolved or dispersed.
The shielding agent, for example an amine such as methyl anthranilate and/or dimethyl anthranilate, may be added to the same phase as the aldehyde- and/or ketone-containing benefit agent. Preferably, this is the oil phase. Even more preferably, the shielding agent and the relevant benefit agent(s) are premixed (optionally further premixed with a partitioning modifier) prior to being combined with structural monomers, the free radial initiating agent, or mixtures thereof.
The partitioning modifier may be selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, preferably isopropyl myristate. The partitioning modifier may be provided in an amount so as to comprise from about 5% to about 55% by weight of the core of the delivery particle.
It is desirable for the resulting delivery particles to be characterized by a core:wall ratio and/or particle sizes as described above, as such characteristics have been found to lead to advantageous performance.
As a result of the method of making delivery particles provided herein, the delivery particles may be present in an aqueous slurry, for example, the particles may be present in the slurry at a level of from about 20% to about 60%, preferably from about 30% to about 50%, by weight of the slurry. Additional materials may be added to the slurry, such as preservatives, solvents, structurants, or other processing or stability aids. The slurry may comprise one or more perfumes (i.e., unencapsulated perfumes) that are different from the perfume or perfumes contained in the core of the benefit agent delivery particles.
An exemplary synthesis method that can form delivery particles according the present disclosure are further described in Example 1 below.
The consumer product compositions of the present disclosure comprise a consumer product adjunct material in addition to the population of delivery particles. The consumer product adjunct material may provide a benefit in the intended end-use of a composition, or it may be a processing and/or stability aid.
Suitable consumer product adjunct materials may include: surfactants, conditioning actives, deposition aids, rheology modifiers or structurants, bleach systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, silicones, hueing agents, aesthetic dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, and/or pigments.
Depending on the intended form, formulation, and/or end-use, compositions of the present disclosure might not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials: bleach activators, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structurants, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, and/or pigments.
The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the operation for which it is to be used. However, when one or more adjuncts are present, such one or more adjuncts may be present as detailed below. The following is a non-limiting list of suitable additional adjuncts.
A. Surfactants
The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise surfactant. Surfactants may be useful for providing, for example, cleaning benefits. The compositions may comprise a surfactant system, which may contain one or more surfactants.
The compositions of the present disclosure may include from about 0.1% to about 70%, or from about 2% to about 60%, or from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system. Liquid compositions may include from about 5% to about 40%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system. Compact formulations, including compact liquids, gels, and/or compositions suitable for a unit dose form, may include from about 25% to about 70%, or from about 30% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system.
The surfactant system may include anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, or combinations thereof. The surfactant system may include linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl ethoxylated sulfate, alkyl sulfate, nonionic surfactant such as ethoxylated alcohol, amine oxide, or mixtures thereof. The surfactants may be, at least in part, derived from natural sources, such as natural feedstock alcohols.
Suitable anionic surfactants may include any conventional anionic surfactant. This may include a sulfate detersive surfactant, for e.g., alkoxylated and/or non-alkoxylated alkyl sulfate materials, and/or sulfonic detersive surfactants, e.g., alkyl benzene sulfonates. The anionic surfactants may be linear, branched, or combinations thereof. Preferred surfactants include linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), alkyl ethoxylated sulfate (AES), alkyl sulfates (AS), or mixtures thereof. Other suitable anionic surfactants include branched modified alkyl benzene sulfonates (MLAS), methyl ester sulfonates (MES), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and/or alkyl ethoxylated carboxylates (AEC). The anionic surfactants may be present in acid form, salt form, or mixtures thereof. The anionic surfactants may be neutralized, in part or in whole, for example, by an alkali metal (e.g., sodium) or an amine (e.g., monoethanolamine).
The surfactant system may include nonionic surfactant. Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty alcohols, such as ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alkyl phenols, alkyl phenol condensates, mid-chain branched alcohols, mid-chain branched alkyl alkoxylates, alkylpolysaccharides (e.g., alkylpolyglycosides), polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, ether capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The alkoxylate units may be ethyleneoxy units, propyleneoxy units, or mixtures thereof. The nonionic surfactants may be linear, branched (e.g., mid-chain branched), or a combination thereof. Specific nonionic surfactants may include alcohols having an average of from about 12 to about 16 carbons, and an average of from about 3 to about 9 ethoxy groups, such as C12-C14 EO7 nonionic surfactant.
Suitable zwitterionic surfactants may include any conventional zwitterionic surfactant, such as betaines, including alkyl dimethyl betaine and cocodimethyl amidopropyl betaine, C8 to C18 (for example from C12 to C18) amine oxides (e.g., C12-14 dimethyl amine oxide), and/or sulfo and hydroxy betaines, such as N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamino-1-propane sulfonate where the alkyl group can be C8 to C18, or from C10 to C14. The zwitterionic surfactant may include amine oxide.
Depending on the formulation and/or the intended end-use, the composition may be substantially free of certain surfactants. For example, liquid fabric enhancer compositions, such as fabric softeners, may be substantially free of anionic surfactant, as such surfactants may negatively interact with cationic ingredients.
B. Conditioning Active
The compositions of the present disclosure may include a conditioning active. Compositions that contain conditioning actives may provide softness, anti-wrinkle, anti-static, conditioning, anti-stretch, color, and/or appearance benefits.
Conditioning actives may be present at a level of from about 1% to about 99%, by weight of the composition. The composition may include from about 1%, or from about 2%, or from about 3%, to about 99%, or to about 75%, or to about 50%, or to about 40%, or to about 35%, or to about 30%, or to about 25%, or to about 20%, or to about 15%, or to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of conditioning active. The composition may include from about 5% to about 30%, by weight of the composition, of conditioning active.
Conditioning actives suitable for compositions of the present disclosure may include quaternary ammonium ester compounds, silicones, non-ester quaternary ammonium compounds, amines, fatty esters, sucrose esters, silicones, dispersible polyolefins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, softening or conditioning oils, polymer latexes, or combinations thereof.
The composition may include a quaternary ammonium ester compound, a silicone, or combinations thereof, preferably a combination. The combined total amount of quaternary ammonium ester compound and silicone may be from about 5% to about 70%, or from about 6% to about 50%, or from about 7% to about 40%, or from about 10% to about 30%, or from about 15% to about 25%, by weight of the composition. The composition may include a quaternary ammonium ester compound and silicone in a weight ratio of from about 1:10 to about 10:1, or from about 1:5 to about 5:1, or from about 1:3 to about 1:3, or from about 1:2 to about 2:1, or about 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1, or about 1:1.
The composition may contain mixtures of different types of conditioning actives. The compositions of the present disclosure may contain a certain conditioning active but be substantially free of others. For example, the composition may be free of quaternary ammonium ester compounds, silicones, or both. The composition may comprise quaternary ammonium ester compounds but be substantially free of silicone. The composition may comprise silicone but be substantially free of quaternary ammonium ester compounds.
C. Deposition Aid
The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise a deposition aid. Deposition aids can facilitate deposition of delivery particles, conditioning actives, perfumes, or combinations thereof, improving the performance benefits of the compositions and/or allowing for more efficient formulation of such benefit agents. The composition may comprise, by weight of the composition, from 0.0001% to 3%, preferably from 0.0005% to 2%, more preferably from 0.001% to 1%, or from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, or from about 0.05% to about 0.3%, of a deposition aid. The deposition aid may be a cationic or amphoteric polymer, preferably a cationic polymer.
Cationic polymers in general and their methods of manufacture are known in the literature. Suitable cationic polymers may include quaternary ammonium polymers known the “Polyquaternium” polymers, as designated by the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients, such as Polyquaternium-6 (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), Polyquaternium-7 (copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride), Polyquaternium-10 (quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose), Polyquaternium-22 (copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and the like.
The deposition aid may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylformamide, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformamide, polyvinylamine, polyethylene imine, ethoxylated polyethylene imine, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof. The cationic polymer may comprise a cationic acrylate.
Deposition aids can be added concomitantly with delivery particles (at the same time with, e.g., encapsulated benefit agents) or directly/independently in the consumer product composition. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer may be from 500 to 5000000 or from 1000 to 2000000 or from 2500 to 1500000 Dalton, as determined by size exclusion chromatography relative to polyethyleneoxide standards using Refractive Index (RI) detection. The weight-average molecular weight of the cationic polymer may be from 5000 to 37500 Dalton.
D. Rheology Modifier/Structurant
The compositions of the present disclosure may contain a rheology modifier and/or a structurant. Rheology modifiers may be used to “thicken” or “thin” liquid compositions to a desired viscosity. Structurants may be used to facilitate phase stability and/or to suspend or inhibit aggregation of particles in liquid composition, such as the delivery particles as described herein.
Suitable rheology modifiers and/or structurants may include non-polymeric crystalline hydroxyl functional structurants (including those based on hydrogenated castor oil), polymeric structuring agents, cellulosic fibers (for example, microfibrillated cellulose, which may be derived from a bacterial, fungal, or plant origin, including from wood), di-amido gellants, or combinations thereof.
Polymeric structuring agents may be naturally derived or synthetic in origin. Naturally derived polymeric structurants may comprise hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysaccharide derivatives and mixtures thereof. Polysaccharide derivatives may comprise pectine, alginate, arabinogalactan (gum Arabic), carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, guar gum and mixtures thereof. Synthetic polymeric structurants may comprise polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes, hydrophobically modified non-ionic polyols and mixtures thereof. Polycarboxylate polymers may comprise a polyacrylate, polymethacrylate or mixtures thereof. Polyacrylates may comprise a copolymer of unsaturated mono- or di-carbonic acid and C1-C30 alkyl ester of the (meth)acrylic acid. Such copolymers are available from Noveon inc under the tradename Carbopol Aqua 30. Another suitable structurant is sold under the tradename Rheovis CDE, available from BASF.
The present disclosure relates to processes for making any of the consumer product compositions described herein. The process of making a consumer product composition may comprise the step of combining a delivery particle (or population thereof) as described herein with a consumer product adjunct material as described herein.
The delivery particles may be combined with such one or more consumer product adjunct materials when the delivery particles are in one or more forms, including a slurry form, neat delivery particle form, and/or spray dried delivery particle form, preferably in slurry form. The delivery particles may be combined with such consumer product adjunct materials by methods that include mixing and/or spraying.
The compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated into any suitable form and prepared by any process chosen by the formulator. The delivery particles and adjunct materials may be combined in a batch process, in a circulation loop process, and/or by an in-line mixing process. Suitable equipment for use in the processes disclosed herein may include continuous stirred tank reactors, homogenizers, turbine agitators, recirculating pumps, paddle mixers, high shear mixers, static mixers, plough shear mixers, ribbon blenders, vertical axis granulators and drum mixers, both in batch and, where available, in continuous process configurations, spray dryers, and extruders.
The present disclosure further relates to methods of treating a surface or article with a composition according to the present disclosure. Such methods may provide cleaning, conditioning, and/or freshening benefits.
Suitable surfaces or articles may include fabrics (including clothing, towels, or linens), hard surfaces (such as tile, porcelain, linoleum or wood floors), dishware, hair, skin, or mixtures thereof.
The method may include a step of contacting a surface or article with a composition of the present disclosure. The composition may be in neat form or diluted in a liquor, for example, a wash or rinse liquor. The composition may be diluted in water prior, during, or after contacting the surface or article. The surface or article may be optionally washed and/or rinsed before and/or after the contacting step.
The method of treating and/or cleaning a surface or article may include the steps of:
a) optionally washing, rinsing and/or drying the surface or article;
b) contacting the surface or article with a composition as described herein, optionally in the presence of water;
c) optionally washing and/or rinsing the surface or article; and
d) optionally dried by drying passively and/or via an active method such as a laundry dryer.
For purposes of the present invention, washing includes but is not limited to, scrubbing, and mechanical agitation. The fabric may comprise most any fabric capable of being laundered or treated in normal consumer use conditions.
Liquors that may comprise the disclosed compositions may have a pH of from about 3 to about 11.5. When diluted, such compositions are typically employed at concentrations of from about 500 ppm to about 15,000 ppm in solution. When the wash solvent is water, the water temperature typically ranges from about 5° C. to about 90° C. and, when the situs comprises a fabric, the water to fabric ratio is typically from about 1:1 to about 30:1.
Specifically contemplated combinations of the disclosure are herein described in the following lettered paragraphs. These combinations are intended to be illustrative in nature and are not intended to be limiting.
A. A consumer product composition comprising a consumer product adjunct material and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise a core and a polymer wall surrounding the core, wherein the delivery particles are obtainable by a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing core materials and wall-forming materials, wherein the wall-forming materials comprise structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof; (b) encapsulating the core materials in a polymer wall made, at least in part, from the wall-forming materials to form a population of core/shell delivery particles, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials and the wall polymer is at least 95:5.
B. A consumer product composition comprising: a consume product adjunct material, and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise core materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, the polymer wall comprising a wall polymer being obtainable from wall-forming materials, wherein the wall-forming materials comprise structural monomers and a free radical initiating agent, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
C. A consumer product composition comprising: a consumer product adjunct material, and a population of delivery particles, wherein the delivery particles comprise core materials and a polymer wall surrounding the core materials, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 95:5, wherein the polymer wall is formed by a free radical polymerization process, wherein the core materials comprise a benefit agent and a shielding agent, wherein the benefit agent comprises aldehyde-containing benefit agents, ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof, wherein the shielding agent is capable of complexing with the aldehyde-containing benefit agents, the ketone-containing benefit agents, or a combination thereof.
D. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-C, wherein the weight ratio of the core materials to the polymer wall is at least 96:4, preferably at least 97:3, more preferably at least 97.5:2.5, even more preferably at least 98:2.
E. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-D, wherein the polymer wall comprises a poly(meth)acrylate polymer.
F. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-E, wherein the structural monomers are present at a level of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, by weight of the wall-forming materials.
G. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-F, wherein the structural monomers comprise (meth)acrylate monomers.
H. The consumer product composition according to paragraph G, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomers are present at a level of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, by weight of the structural monomers.
I. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs G or H, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomers comprise multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers having at least three, preferably at least four, at least five, or even at least six radical polymerizable functional groups with the proviso that at least one, more preferably at least three, of the radical polymerizable groups is acrylate or methacrylate.
J. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs G-I, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomers comprise oil-soluble or oil-dispersible (meth)acrylate monomers.
K. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-J, wherein the free radical initiating agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of peroxy initiators, azo initiators, and combinations thereof, preferably at least one free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of: peroxide; dialkyl peroxide; alkylperoxide; peroxyester; peroxycarbonate; peroxyketone; peroxydicarbonate; 2,2′-azobis (isobutylnitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile); 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropanenitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile); 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile); 1,1′-azobis(cyanocyclohexane); benzoyl peroxide; decanoyl peroxide; lauroyl peroxide; di(n-propyl)peroxydicarbonate; di(sec-butyl) peroxydicarbonate; di(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate; 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl peroxyneodecanoate; a-cumyl peroxyneoheptanoate; t-amyl peroxyneodecanoate; t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate; t-amyl peroxypivalate; t-butyl peroxypivalate; 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-di (2-ethylhexanoyl peroxy)hexane; t-amyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate; t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate; t-butyl peroxyacetate; di-t-amyl peroxyacetate; t-butyl peroxide; di-t-amyl peroxide; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3; cumene hydroperoxide; 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane; 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-cyclohexane; 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy)-cyclohexane; ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-butyrate; t-amyl perbenzoate; t-butyl perbenzoate; ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)-butyrate; and combinations thereof; more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid); 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile); and combinations thereof.
L. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-K, wherein the free radical initiating agent comprises a first free radical initiating agent and a second free radical initiating agent.
M. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-L, wherein the free radical initiating agent comprises a comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiating agent, preferably a water-soluble or water-dispersible free radical initiating agent and an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible free radical initiating agent.
N. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-M, wherein the benefit agent comprises perfume raw materials, preferably wherein the perfume raw materials comprise at least about 20%, preferably at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 40%, even more preferably at least about 50%, by weight of the fragrance by weight of the perfume raw materials, of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials, ketone-containing raw materials, or mixtures thereof.
O. The consumer product composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the shielding agent is selected from the group consisting of: an amine-containing compound; a silicon-containing compound; a sulfur-containing compound; a material that, when reacted with the aldehyde-containing benefit agent, the ketone-containing benefit agent, or a mixture thereof, forms an alkylidene-containing compound according to Formula (I), wherein the moieties and indices are as described herein:
and mixtures thereof.
P. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-O, wherein the shielding agent is an amine-containing compound.
Q. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-P, wherein the shielding agent is an amine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of methyl anthranilate, dimethyl anthranilate, and mixtures thereof.
R. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-Q, wherein the shielding agent is present at a level of at least about 1%, preferably at least about 3%, more preferably at least about 5%, by weight of the benefit agent.
S. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-R, wherein at least some of the aldehyde-containing benefit agents and/or ketone-containing benefit agents are present in the form of a complex with at least a portion of the shielding agent, preferably wherein the complex is a covalently-bonded compound.
T. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-S, wherein the core materials further comprise a partitioning modifier, preferably wherein the partitioning modifier is present at a level of from about 5% to about 55%, by weight of the core materials, more preferably wherein the partitioning modifier is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, even more preferably isopropyl myristate.
U. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-T, wherein the wall of the encapsulates further comprise a polymeric emulsifier entrapped in the wall, preferably wherein the polymeric emulsifier comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
V. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-U, wherein the process of obtaining the core/wall delivery particles comprises combining two liquid phases, wherein a first phase is an aqueous phase and a second phase is an oil phase, wherein the benefit agent, the shielding agent, at least one (meth)acrylate monomer, and at least one free radical initiating agent are present in the same liquid phase, preferably in the oil phase.
W. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-V, wherein the process of obtaining the core/wall delivery particles comprises combining the benefit agent and the shielding agent prior to combining them with a wall-forming material.
X. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-W, wherein the delivery particles are characterized by a volume-weighted median particle size from about 10 to about 100 microns, preferably from about 15 to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 20 to about 50 microns, even more preferably from about 30 to about 40 microns.
Y. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-X, wherein the population of delivery particles is characterized by an average Fracture Strength of from about 0.5 to about 5 MPa, preferably from about 1 to about 3 MPa, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 MPa.
Z. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-Y, wherein the delivery particles further comprise a coating.
AA. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-Z, wherein the consumer product adjunct material is selected from the group consisting of surfactants, conditioning actives, deposition aids, rheology modifiers or structurants, bleach systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, silicones, hueing agents, aesthetic dyes, neat perfume, additional perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, pigments, and mixtures thereof.
BB. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-AA, wherein the composition is a fabric care composition, a hard surface cleaner composition, a dish care composition, a hair care composition, a body cleansing composition, or a mixture thereof, preferably a fabric care composition, preferably a fabric care composition that is a laundry detergent composition, a fabric conditioning composition, a laundry additive, a fabric pre-treat composition, a fabric refresher composition, or a mixture thereof.
CC. The consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-BB, wherein the composition is in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a hydrocolloid, a single-compartment pouch, a multi-compartment pouch, a dissolvable sheet, a pastille or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a stick, a bar, a flake, a foam/mousse, a non-woven sheet, or a mixture thereof.
DD. A method of treating a surface, wherein the method comprises the step of contacting the surface with a consumer product composition according to any of paragraphs A-CC, optionally in the presence of water.
It is understood that the test methods disclosed in the Test Methods section of the present application should be used to determine the respective values of the parameters of Applicant's claimed subject matter as claimed and described herein.
Extraction of Delivery Particles from Finished Products.
Except where otherwise specified herein, the preferred method to isolate delivery particles from finished products is based on the fact that the density of most such delivery particles is different from that of water. The finished product is mixed with water in order to dilute and/or release the delivery particles. The diluted product suspension is centrifuged to speed up the separation of the delivery particles. Such delivery particles tend to float or sink in the diluted solution/dispersion of the finished product. Using a pipette or spatula, the top and bottom layers of this suspension are removed and undergo further rounds of dilution and centrifugation to separate and enrich the delivery particles. The delivery particles are observed using an optical microscope equipped with crossed-polarized filters or differential interference contrast (DIC), at total magnifications of 100× and 400×. The microscopic observations provide an initial indication of the presence, size, quality and aggregation of the delivery particles.
For extraction of delivery particles from a liquid fabric enhancer finished product conduct the following procedure:
If both a top layer and a bottom layer of enriched delivery particles appear in the above described step 1, then, immediately move to step 3 (i.e., omit step 2) and proceed steps with steps 4 through 8. Once those steps have been completed, also remove the bottom layer from the 50 ml centrifuge tube from step 1, using a spatula or/and a pipette. Transfer the bottom layer into a 1.8 ml centrifuge tube and centrifuge 5 min at approximately 20000×g. Remove the bottom layer in a new tube and add DI water until the tube is completely filled then centrifuge for 5 minutes approximately 20000×g. Remove the top layer (water) and add DI water again until the tube is full. Repeat this another 5 times (6 times in total). Recombine the delivery particle enriched and isolated top and bottom layers back together.
If the fabric enhancer has a white color or is difficult to distinguish the delivery particle enriched layers add 4 drops of dye (such as Liquitint Blue JH 5% premix from Milliken & Company, Spartanburg, S.C., USA) into the centrifuge tube of step 1 and proceed with the isolation as described.
For extraction of delivery particles from solid finished products that disperse readily in water, mix 1 L of DI water with 20 g of the finished product (e.g. detergent foams, films, gels and granules; or water-soluble polymers; soap flakes and soap bars; and other readily water-soluble matrices such as salts, sugars, clays, and starches). When extracting delivery particles from finished products which do not disperse readily in water, such as waxes, dryer sheets, dryer bars, and greasy materials, it may be necessary to add detergents, agitation, and/or gently heat the product and diluent in order to release the delivery particles from the matrix. The use of organic solvents or drying out of the delivery particles should be avoided during the extraction steps as these actions may damage the delivery particles during this phase.
For extraction of delivery particles from liquid finished products which are not fabric softeners or fabric enhancers (e.g., liquid laundry detergents, liquid dish washing detergents, liquid hand soaps, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and hair dyes), mix 20 ml of finished product with 20 ml of DI water. If necessary, NaCl (e.g., 1 to 4 g NaCl) can be added to the diluted suspension in order to increase the density of the solution and facilitate the delivery particles floating to the top layer. If the product has a white color which makes it difficult to distinguish the layers of delivery particles formed during centrifugation, a water-soluble dye can be added to the diluent to provide visual contrast.
The water and product mixture is subjected to sequential rounds of centrifugation, involving removal of the top and bottom layers, re-suspension of those layers in new diluent, followed by further centrifugation, isolation and re-suspension. Each round of centrifugation occurs in tubes of 1.5 to 50 ml in volume, using centrifugal forces of up to 20,000×g, for periods of 5 to 30 minutes. At least six rounds of centrifugation are typically needed to extract and clean sufficient delivery particles for testing. For example, the initial round of centrifugation may be conducted in 50 ml tubes spun at 10,000×g for 30 mins, followed by five more rounds of centrifugation where the material from the top and bottom layers is resuspended separately in fresh diluent in 1.8 ml tubes and spun at 20,000×g for 5 mins per round.
If delivery particles are observed microscopically in both the top and bottom layers, then the delivery particles from these two layers are recombined after the final centrifugation step, to create a single sample containing all the delivery particles extracted from that product. The extracted delivery particles should be analyzed as soon as possible but may be stored as a suspension in DI water for up to 14 days before they are analyzed.
One skilled in the art will recognize that various other protocols may be constructed for the extraction and isolation of delivery particles from finished products and will recognize that such methods require validation via a comparison of the resulting measured values, as measured before and after the delivery particles' addition to and extraction from finished product.
To determine perfume leakage, a liquid detergent with perfume encapsulates is prepared and stored (e.g., one week at 35° C.), and then compared to a reference sample of liquid detergent having an equal level of total perfume (e.g., 1 wt %), though unencapsulated.
To prepare the Internal Standard Solution, weigh 70 mg of tonalid, add 20 mL hexane p.a., and mix. Add 200 μL of this mixture to 20 mL hexane p.a. and mix to homogenize, forming the Internal Standard Solution.
To extract the perfume from liquid phase of the test sample or the reference sample, 2 grams of the detergent sample and 2 mL of the Internal Standard Solution are placed into an extraction vessel. Free perfume is extracted from the detergent sample by gently inverting the extraction vessel manually twenty times. A spoon tip of sodium sulphate is added to the extraction vessel. A separation of layers should occur.
To collect Gas Chromatograph data, after the separation into layers, immediately transfer the hexane layer into a Gas Chromatograph auto sampler vial and cap the vial. Inject 1.5 uL splitless into the Gas Chromatograph injection port. Run Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric analysis (Gas Chromatographic separation on Durawax-4 [60 m, 0.32 mm ID, 0.25 μm Film] 40° C./4° C./min/230° C./20′).
The perfume leakage from the encapsulates is calculated per Perfume Raw Material according to the following calculation:
Total leakage of a perfume is the sum of the perfume leakage from capsules per individual PRM. To determine perfume retention (e.g., percentage of perfume that remains in the encapsulate), the “% perfume leakage” is subtracted from 100.
Viscosity of liquid finished product is measured using an AR 550 rheometer/viscometer from TA instruments (New Castle, Del., USA), using parallel steel plates of 40 mm diameter and a gap size of 500 μm. The high shear viscosity at 20 s−1 and low shear viscosity at 0.05 s−1 is obtained from a logarithmic shear rate sweep from 0.01 s−1 to 25 s−1 in 3 minutes time at 21° C.
Perfume, Perfume Raw Materials (PRMs), and/or Partitioning Modifier
A. Identity and Total Quantity
To determine the identity and to quantify the total weight of perfume, perfume ingredients, or Perfume Raw Materials (PRMs), or partitioning modifier in the capsule slurry, and/or encapsulated within the delivery agent encapsulates, Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-MS/FID) is employed. Suitable equipment includes: Agilent Technologies G1530A GC/FID; Hewlett Packer Mass Selective Device 5973; and 5%-Phenyl-methylpoly siloxane Column J&W DB-5 (30 m length×0.25 mm internal diameter×0.25 μm film thickness). Approximately 3 g of the finished product or suspension of delivery encapsulates, is weighed and the weight recorded, then the sample is diluted with 30 mL of DI water and filtered through a 5.0 μm pore size nitrocellulose filter membrane. Material captured on the filter is solubilized in 5 mL of ISTD solution (25.0 mg/L tetradecane in anhydrous alcohol) and heated at 60° C. for 30 minutes. The cooled solution is filtered through 0.45 μm pore size PTFE syringe filter and analyzed via GC-MS/FID. Three known perfume oils are used as comparison reference standards. Data Analysis involves summing the total area counts minus the ISTD area counts and calculating an average Response Factor (RF) for the 3 standard perfumes. Then the Response Factor and total area counts for the product encapsulated perfumes are used along with the weight of the sample, to determine the total weight percent for each PRM in the encapsulated perfume. PRMs are identified from the mass spectrometry peaks.
B. Amount of Non-Encapsulated Material
In order to determine the amount of non-encapsulated perfume and (optionally) partitioning modifier material in a composition such as a slurry, the following equipment can be used for this analysis, using the analysis procedure provided after the table.
To prepare a perfume standard in ISS Hexane, weigh 0.050+/−0.005 g of the desired PMC perfume oil into a 50 mL volumetric flask (or other volumetric size recalculating g of perfume oil to add). Fill to line with ISS Hexane solution from above. The ISS Hexane is a 0.1 g of Tetradecane in 4 liters of hexane.
To prepare a 5% surfactant solution, weigh 50 g+/−1 g of the sodium dodecyl sulphate in a beaker and, using purified water, transfer quantitatively to a 1 liter volumetric flask, and ensure the surfactant is fully dissolved.
To prepare the sample of the PMC composition (e.g., a slurry), confirm the composition (e.g., a slurry) is well-mixed; mix if necessary. Weigh 0.3+/−0.05 g of composition sample onto the bottom of a 10 mL vial. Avoid composition on the wall of the vial.
To operate the instrument, determine a target ion for quantification for each PRM (and optionally partitioning modifier) along with a minimum of one qualifier ion, preferably two. Calibration curves are generated from the Perfume standard for each PRM. Utilizing the sample weight and individual PRM weight %, the integration of the extracted ion (EIC) for each PRM and the amount are plotted or recorded.
The amount of free oil is determined from the response of each PRM versus the calibration curve and summed over all the different perfume materials and optionally the partitioning modifier.
C. Determination of Encapsulated Material
The determination of the encapsulated oil and optionally the partitioning modifier is done by the subtraction of the weight of free/non-encapsulated oil found in the composition from the amount by weight of total oil found in the composition (e.g. a slurry).
This method determines the amount of wall material. First, the wall material of particles with size larger than 0.45 micrometer are isolated via dead-end filtration. Subsequent analysis by thermogravimetric analysis allows for elimination of inorganic material and other (organic) raw material slurry ingredients.
A. Sample Preparation
The procedure applies dead-end filtration to eliminate soluble fractions of the sample. Different solvents in succession are used to maximize the removal of interfering substances prior to TGA analysis.
The following materials and/or equipment are used:
The filtration procedure is as follows: To prepare the filtration device, record the weight of a pre-dried filtration device (e.g. Milli cup filter) down to 0.1-0.2 mg. Pre-drying involves the same drying steps as done for the filter after filtration is completed.
Filter the sample by weighing between 1 and 2 grams of Slurry Raw Material (note weight down to 0.1-0.2 mg) into a glass beaker (250 ml), or directly into the filtration device. Add 20 ml of deionized water and swirl to homogenize the sample. Add 80 ml of isopropylalcohol and homogenize sample with solvent; use heating to flocculate the sample. Put the filtration device onto a filtration bottle, and start up filtration with vacuum. After filtration is complete, add 100 ml Chloroform. Continue filtration. Add 10-20 ml Acetone and filter through the membrane to remove traces of chloroform. Remove the filter from the filtration system and dry it in a vacuum oven. After cooling, weigh the filter and record the weight.
Calculate the percent residue (gravimetric residue) by dividing the weight difference of Filter+Residue and Filter weight only (=net weight of residue after filtration) by the Raw Material Slurry sample weight and multiply by 100 to obtain % units. Continue with the measurement of % Residue via TGA analysis.
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) is performed with the following equipment and settings: TGA: TA instruments Discovery TGA; Pans: Sealed Aluminum; Purge: N2 at 50 ml/min; Procedure: Ramp 10° C./min to 500° C.; TGA is coupled to a Nicolet Nexus 470 FTIR spectrometer for evolved gas.
For TGA data analysis, the weight loss between 350 and 500° C. is due to decomposition of polymer wall material of the perfume micro capsules and still residual (burned) perfume compounds. For calculation of insoluble polymer fraction this weight loss is used. At 500° C. there is still a residue which is un-burned material and should be considered when calculating the insoluble polymer fraction.
When the amount of core and wall material inputs are not readily available, the core:wall ratio of the encapsulates may be determined analytically using the methods described herein.
More specifically, the methods above allow determination (in weight) the amounts of perfume, partitioning modifier, and wall materials in the perfume capsule composition (e.g., a slurry) and can be used to calculate the core:wall ratio. This is done by dividing the total amount (by weight) of perfume plus partitioning modifier found in the composition divided by the amount (by weight) of cross-linked wall material found in the composition.
The value of the log of the Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (log P) is computed for each material (e.g., each PRM in the perfume mixture) being tested. The log P of an individual material (e.g., a PRM) is calculated using the Consensus log P Computational Model, version 14.02 (Linux) available from Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD/Labs) (Toronto, Canada) to provide the unitless log P value. The ACD/Labs' Consensus log P Computational Model is part of the ACD/Labs model suite.
The volume-weighted particle size distribution is determined via single-particle optical sensing (SPOS), also called optical particle counting (OPC), using the AccuSizer 780 AD instrument and the accompanying software CW788 version 1.82 (Particle Sizing Systems, Santa Barbara, Calif., U.S.A.), or equivalent. The instrument is configured with the following conditions and selections: Flow Rate=1 ml/sec; Lower Size Threshold=0.50 μm; Sensor Model Number=Sensor Model Number=LE400-05 or equivalent; Autodilution=On; Collection time=60 sec; Number channels=512; Vessel fluid volume=50 ml; Max coincidence=9200. The measurement is initiated by putting the sensor into a cold state by flushing with water until background counts are less than 100. A sample of delivery capsules in suspension is introduced, and its density of capsules adjusted with DI water as necessary via autodilution to result in capsule counts of at least 9200 per ml. During a time period of 60 seconds the suspension is analyzed. The resulting volume-weighted PSD data are plotted and recorded, and the values of the desired volume-weighted particle size (e.g., the median/50th percentile, 5th percentile, and/or 90th percentile) are determined.
The broadness index can be calculated by determining the delivery particle size at which 90% of the cumulative particle volume is exceeded (90% size), the particle size at which 5% of the cumulative particle volume is exceeded (5% size), and the median volume-weighted particle size (50% size: 50% of the particle volume both above and below this size).
Broadness Index=((90% size)−(5% size))/50% size.
To measure average Fracture Strength for the population, and/or determine Delta Fracture Strength, three different measurements are made: i) the volume-weighted capsule size distribution; ii) the diameter of 10 individual capsules within each of 3 specified size ranges (and/or 30 individual capsules at the median volume-weighted particle size, if average Fracture Strength is to be determined), and; iii) the rupture-force of those same 30 individual capsules.
The examples provided below are intended to be illustrative in nature and are not intended to be limiting.
Exemplary synthesis processes for different delivery particles are provided below. Details for the materials used are provided in Table 1.
A. Synthesis Process Description (36 Micron Capsules, 98:2 Core-to-Wall Wt. Ratio)
To a 1 L capacity water jacketed stainless steel reactor, a premix of 133.12 grams of perfume oil and 10.00 grams of methyl anthranilate (total=143.12 grams), along with 137.45 grams of isopropyl myristate, is added and allowed to mix with the aid of a high shear mixer fitted with a mill blade, under a nitrogen environment. The perfume oil comprises aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials. The solution is heated to 35 C before introducing 0.33 grams of Vazo67 (initiator) and the total mixture is subsequently heated to 70 C and is maintained at that temperature for 45 minutes before cooling the system down to 50 C. As soon as the temperature was reached, a solution, prepared separately, containing 63.05 grams of perfume oil, 0.075 grams of CD9055, 0.075 grams of TBAEMA, and 6.23 grams of CN975 is introduced into the reactor and the total mixture is allowed to mix for 10 min while at 50 C. The water phase, consisting of 107 grams of emulsifier (5% solution of PVOH 540), 340.03 grams of RO water, 0.22 grams of V-501, and 0.21 grams of NaOH (21% solution) is then added to the reactor, after stopping agitation. Milling ensues after the addition of the water phase until the particle size was reached. The emulsion is then heated first to 75 C and maintained at that temperature for 240 minutes and then heated to 95 C for 360 min before cooling it down to 25 C. At that point, the slurry is evacuated from the reactor into a container to add the rheology modifier (Xanthan gum 1.59 grams) and preservative (Acticide BWS-10; 0.61 grams). The rheology modifier is allowed to mix in for 30 min. The preservative is added last and allowed to mix for 5-10 min. The finished slurry is then characterized and tested as deemed fit.
Core:Wall Weight Ratio—Sample Calculation
The core:wall weight ratio is determined by dividing the weight of the total core material inputs (e.g., perfume oil and partitioning modifier) by the weight of the total wall material inputs (e.g., wall monomers and initiators). Alternatively, the relative percentage of core material in the particle population can be determined by dividing the weight of the total core material inputs by the sum of the total weight of the core material inputs plus the total weight of the wall material inputs and multiplying by 100; the remaining percentage (100-% core) is the relative percentage of the wall material—these numbers may then be expressed as a ratio. Similarly, the relative percentage of wall material in the particle population can be determined by dividing the total weight of the wall material inputs by the sum of the weights of the total core material inputs and the total wall material inputs and multiplying by 100.
A sample calculation for the “98:2” capsules formed by the example of this section is provided below, where the core comprises the perfume oil and a partitioning modifier (isopropyl myristate), and the wall comprises the wall monomers (CN975, CD9055, and TBAEMA) and the initiators (Vazo67 and V-501).
To test the encapsulation efficiency with and without the presence of a shielding agent according to the present disclosure, several populations of delivery particles are made, generally according to the method described in Example 1, except as provided below.
The same fragrance material and partitioning modifier (isopropyl myristate) are used in approximately the same weight ratio (55:45) for each leg of delivery particles. For some, as shown in Table 2, a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) is added to the oil phase of the particle-making process. The core:wall weight ratio for each delivery particle is kept the same. Populations made with two different levels of free radical initiator are tested. The delivery particles are made with an intended/target volume-weighted average particle size of about 36 microns.
The fragrance material comprised about 29.7 wt % of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials and about 1.6 wt % of ketone-containing perfume raw materials, where the wt % is by weight of the fragrance material.
After the particles are made and the fragrance material is encapsulated, each slurry is tested for free (unencapsulated) perfume oil. Results are reported below in Table 2 as a percentage of the total fragrance material that was provided to the particle making process. Greater numbers indicate relatively more free perfume oil that is present, which indicates a less efficient encapsulation process. Comparative examples are marked with an asterisk (*).
1 Combination of Vazo 67 (added in oil phase during particle-making process) and V-501 (added in water phase), present in a 60:40 weight ratio
2 Methyl anthranilate
As shown from the data in Table 2, the presence of a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) results in less free perfume oil, indicating that the encapsulation process is more efficient (e.g., relatively more of the perfume oil is encapsulated). This effect is particularly pronounced in Leg B compared to Leg A.
To test leakage of delivery particles made with and without a shielding agent according to the present disclosure, several populations of delivery particles are made, generally according to the method described in Example 1, except as provided below.
The same fragrance material and partitioning modifier (isopropyl myristate) are used in the same weight ratio (55:45) for each leg of delivery particles. For some, as shown in Table 3, a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) is added to the oil phase of the particle-making process. The core:wall weight ratio for each delivery particle is kept the same. Populations made with two different levels of free radical initiator are tested. The delivery particles are made with an intended/target volume-weighted average particle size of about 36 microns.
The fragrance material comprised about 29.7 wt % of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials and about 1.6 wt % of ketone-containing perfume raw materials, where the wt % is by weight of the fragrance material.
To test for particle leakage, the populations of delivery particles are provided to a heavy duty liquid (“HDL”) laundry detergent. The products are aged for one week at 35° C. After storage, the products are tested to determine the leakage percentage of the encapsulated fragrance material. Comparative examples are marked with an asterisk (*).
1 Combination of Vazo 67 (added in oil phase during particle-making process) and V-501 (added in water phase), present in a 60:40 weight ratio
2 Methyl anthranilate
As shown from the data in Table 3, the presence of a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) during the particle-making process results in less leakage in an HDL detergent consumer product, which suggests that the polymer walls are more robust. Less leakage is particularly pronounced in Leg F compared to Leg E.
The examples below further show the relative effects of encapsulating certain perfumes in particles having a high core:wall weight ratio, as well as the effects of shielding agents and initiating agents.
Part A. Certain Perfumes and Core:Wall Ratio
Two different fragrance materials are encapsulated (in combination with isopropyl myristate) in delivery particles having similar wall chemistries (generally according to the method described in Example 1), but having different core:wall weight ratios.
Perfume 1 includes about 17% of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials and about 0.2% of ketone-containing perfume raw materials. Perfume 2 includes about 29.7% of aldehyde-containing perfume raw materials and about 4.2% of ketone-containing raw materials.
The delivery particles are provided to samples of heavy-duty laundry (HDL) detergents, stored for one week at 35° C., and then tested for leakage. Results are provided below in Table 4A. To note, the batch for Leg J was prepared at a Scale (i.e., batch size) of 600 g, whereas the other legs were prepared at a Scale of 3 kg.
As shown in Table 4A, delivery particles having relatively high core:wall weight ratios (e.g., 98:2) tend to leak in HDL products more than delivery particles having relatively lower ratio (e.g., 90:10). Additionally, encapsulated perfumes that have a relatively high amount of aldehydes and/or ketones (e.g., Perfume 2) are associated with relatively higher rates of leakage. Thus, as shown in Table 4A, delivery particles having a high core:wall weight ratio and relatively high amounts of aldehyde and ketone benefit agents (e.g. perfumes) are particularly likely to leak.
Part B. Effect of Shielding Agent
To show the effect of a shielding agent, two populations of delivery particles are made by encapsulating Perfume 2 (generally according to Example 1). For one of the populations, a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) is added to the perfume oil to be encapsulated. The delivery particles are characterized by core:wall weight ratios of about 98:2 and were made with free radical initiator levels of % about 320, by weight of the polymer wall.
The resulting populations are tested for free perfume oil, leakage in an HDL product after one week at 35° C., and ranked for effective monomer usage in building the particle walls. The results are shown in Table 4B.
2 Methyl anthranilate
As shown in Table 4B, addition of a shielding agent (methyl anthranilate) can improve encapsulation and performance of the resulting delivery particles.
Part C. Effect of Shielding Agent and Initiator
In the following experiments (production scale=200 kg), dimethyl anthranilate is used as a shielding agent (Legs P and Q). Additionally, initiator levels are varied across the legs.
3 Dimethyl anthranilate
4 24.2% represents initial addition of initiator; an equal amount was further added later in the capsule-making process, as described below
As shown in Table 4C, dimethyl anthranilate (see Leg P) can be used as an effective shielding agent that provides encapsulation and performance benefits. As further shown in Leg Q, adding additional initiator in multiple portions can further improve encapsulation and performance.
Initiator is first added prior to emulsification, and an additional aliquot can be added subsequent to emulsification. Compared to a baseline of 1× to 3× of the amount of initiator, it was found that a further portion of initiator addition (from 1× to 9×) in a further step during the encapsulation process can result in an even more robust wall and further reduce leakage. It is envisioned the further portion in the additional addition step can be added in one or more further addition steps.
This is seen in Leg Q, where an additional portion of initiator is added subsequent to emulsification, and this second addition was found to further cure the capsule and enhance capsule overall performance such as robustness.
Table 5 shows exemplary formulations of compositions according to the present disclosure. Specifically, the following compositions are liquid fabric enhancer products.
1Ester Quat 1: Mixture of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfate fatty acid ester, (2-hydroxypropyl)-(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfate fatty acid ester, and bis-(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfate fatty acid ester, where the fatty acid esters are produced from a C12-C18 fatty acid mixture (REWOQUAT DIP V 20 M Conc, ex Evonik)
2Ester Quat 2: N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride fatty acid ester, produced from C12-C18 fatty acid mixture (REWOQUAT CI-DEEDMAC, ex Evonik)
3Ester Quat 3: Esterification product of fatty acids (C16-18 and C18 unsaturated) with triethanolamine, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate (REWOQUAT WE 18, ex Evonik)
Table 6 shows exemplary formulations of compositions according to the present disclosure. Specifically, the following compositions are laundry additive particles in the form of a pastille or “bead,” for example commercially available products sold as DOWNY UNSTOPABLES™ (ex The Procter & Gamble Company).
1 PLURIOL E8000 (ex BASF)
2 Esterification product of fatty acids (Cl6-18 and C18 unsaturated) with triethanolamine, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate (REWOQUAT WE 18, ex Evonik)
3 Cationically-modified hydroxyethylcellulose
4 Fragrance delivery particles according to the present disclosure, i.e., the population formed in Example 1 above. The % provided is the amount of aqueous slurry provided to the composition, where the slurry comprises about 45 wt % of delivery particles (core + shell).
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21185478.1 | Jul 2021 | EP | regional |
