1. Field of Invention
The invention relates generally to a dispensing apparatus for bagged fluids.
2. Description of Related Art
Liquid storage vessels such as jugs or pitchers are essentially ubiquitous in society and have been around in a general form for centuries. A liquid storage vessel generally serves two purposes. It serves to contain a liquid so that the liquid does not spill, evaporate, or be soaked up by other objects from which it cannot easily be removed, and it serves as a way to dispense the liquid to users to drink, wash with, or otherwise utilize.
As technology has improved, the jug has become lighter, easier to use and store, and easier to handle and dispense from. At the same time, the general concept remains relatively unchanged. Most traditional vessels are shaped so the liquid is contained by gravity in a portion of the device. When the device is tilted or upended, the liquid is placed into contact with a hole which allows it to be dispensed to the user. While this is a universally used design, it is not always the best choice from a storage point of view.
In the modern household, liquids to be consumed are most often stored in a refrigerator. This allows for the liquids to be cold which often provides improved taste characteristics as well as making the beverage more refreshing to consume and helping to preserve some beverages for a longer time. The design of most storage vessels is often wasteful when placed in a refrigerator and also does not always provide for as sanitary storage as would be desired.
To make such a vessel easy to pour from (upend), most vessels used currently are relatively narrow and tall. In order to store such vessels of liquid in the refrigerator so as to allow them to be dispensed cool, a user will generally have to have a large upright space available in the refrigerator. This storage space is often limited to a single shelf of the refrigerator (often the top shelf) which can make storing the jugs and using the jugs difficult. Further, to be able to pour from these vessels, they often have handles which stick outwards from them and increase the effective footprint of the vessel, therefore requiring more shelf space than is desirable.
To try and deal with this problem, many individuals now use various liquid dispensers in their refrigerator. These are devices designed to sit on a refrigerator shelf generally having a dispensing valve on the lower surface therefore, which hangs over a shelf in the refrigerator and allows for dispensing of fluid from the bottom of the device. These liquid dispensers have the advantage of allowing “squarer” storage of fluid in the refrigerator and in the net taking up less space and being able to more easily store. In particular, liquid dispensers are often shaped so as to have a larger footprint, but a significantly decreased height allowing them to sit on shelves more easily. Further, because liquid dispensers can be more rectangular and often do not need a pouring handle, they can more efficiently fill space.
Liquid dispensers, however, have the problem of being damaged by fluids within them. The liquid dispensers generally are hollow vessels which enclose the fluid and prevent it from escaping. They also will usually include an attached spigot or other dispensing device to allow the fluid to be dispensed in a controlled manner to a user. Fluid is generally added from above by removing the top panel of, or opening an access point in, the vessel and placing the fluid directly against the interior walls of the vessel and inside the hollow interior. A top or a cap may then be used to prevent introduction of outside substances into the fluid.
In this arrangement, the inside surfaces of the dispenser can become contaminated with particles of the fluid or items suspended in the fluid. An excellent example is when a powdered soft drink mix is dispensed from the vessel. Powdered soft drink mixes come in a variety of forms and under a variety of trade names but generally are designed to add concentrated flavoring and/or coloring to water to improve taste or appearance. Many also include concentrated vitamins, minerals or other enhancers to improve the nutrition from drinking the soft drink mix over drinking regular water. Many also include granulated sugar. These soft drink mixes are added to water where they dissolve or are suspended in the water.
Many vessels used to store liquids are constructed of plastics to decrease weight, decrease production cost, and make the vessels more rugged and survivable. When a soft drink mix (in solution) is placed against these materials, the vessel's surfaces can absorb or be coated by some of the powdered solution suspended in the water which adheres to the surface as opposed to remaining suspended in solution. Further, taste and odors from the soft drink mix can permeate the vessel. This “contamination” can cause problems to the vessel. For one, contamination can change the taste of other fluids dispensed from the vessel in an unpleasant fashion. For instance, a grape flavoring contaminating a vessel can be partially transferred to later added ice tea flavoring, creating an unpleasant combination. This can be particularly true with beverages having a particularly strong taste such as coffee. Sometimes, a strongly flavored beverage can so impregnate the walls that its scent or taste cannot be removed even with a thorough cleaning. This can prevent a vessel from being reused with other flavors of fluid, and can even require the vessel's destruction if it cannot be used anymore due to the flavor impregnation. Contamination can also lead to the introduction or growth of microorganisms which can make the vessel unsanitary for future use regardless of the impact on flavor. Still further, cleaning agents used to clean the vessel also can impart tastes and odors that can flavor a later dispensed liquid.
Additionally, because the fluid is placed directly within the hollow interior of the vessel, various impurities can also be introduced to the fluid. For instance, if a lid is not provided to the vessel, dust, other particulates, or microorganisms may be introduced into the fluid over time. Further, if the vessel remains empty and is then filled, dust or other particulates may have been introduced to the empty vessel which are then suspended in the fluid when it is added and may be dispensed.
Further, because the vessel must be “watertight” in order to prevent leakage of the fluid being dispensed, market distribution and storage of empty dispensers, or dispensers sold with fluid therein, will often take up significant space inefficiently, as such dispensers often cannot collapse and are not sized and shaped to pack efficiently for travel. Therefore, a user may often have wasted space taken up by the dispenser when it is not in use because the dispenser cannot be broken down or collapsed. Further, because it is generally a fairly costly device, users are reluctant to discard an unused dispenser unless they are certain they have no further need for it.
In light of the above problems and for reasons known to or understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, there is discussed herein a dispensing apparatus that includes a container designed and shaped to hold fluid provided in a bag, and allows dispensing of fluid therefrom. For purposes of dispensing from an embodiment, a bag of fluid is placed into the container, the bag is penetrated by a spike, allowing fluid from the bag to flow through a portion of the spike to a dispensing mechanism. In an embodiment, the dispensing apparatus is conveniently stored on and used from a shelf of a refrigerator. More generally, an embodiment of a dispensing apparatus may be used to provide the benefits of existing chilled water dispensers in areas where piped water supply services may not be available or may not provide water of a desired quality, or simply as an alternative to existing chilled water dispenser designs.
A fluid dispensing apparatus comprising a bag containing fluid, a container that provides support for the bag, a spike comprising a hollow stem through which fluid can flow, the spike being connected to the bag at a joint created upon the puncturing of the bag by the spike, and a dispensing mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid from the bag, the dispensing mechanism connected to the hollow stem, wherein once the dispensing mechanism is operated to allow fluid flow, dispensing of fluid is the result of the force of gravity acting on the fluid. In an embodiment the spike comprises a right circular conical tip having an angle of expansion in the range of about 30 to about 60 degrees. In an embodiment the bag is constructed of a single ply of polyethylene having a thickness in the range of about 3 to about 4 mil. In an embodiment the bag comprises a fitment attached to the inside of the bag, which in a further embodiment interacts with the spike to create a fluid tight seal. In an embodiment, the bag and the spike form a seal through the interaction only of the spike, the bag, and the fluid, or alternatively, only through the interaction of the spike and the bag. In an embodiment, the spike is integral with the container and is designed not to be removed therefrom. In an embodiment, the container comprises at least one vent.
A further embodiment is a method for dispensing fluid from a bag comprising providing a bag containing fluid, supporting the bag in a container, connecting the bag to a spike by puncturing the bag with a spike comprising a hollow stem through which fluid can flow, and controlling the flow of fluid from the bag using a dispensing mechanism connected to the hollow stem, the flow being the result of the force of gravity acting on the fluid.
In an alternate embodiment, the fluid dispensing apparatus comprises a bag containing fluid, a container that provides support for the bag, a sloping support against which the bag rests within the container, a spike comprising a hollow stem through which fluid can flow, the spike being connected to the bag at a joint created upon the puncturing of the bag by the spike, and a dispensing mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid from the bag, the dispensing mechanism connected to the hollow stem, wherein once the dispensing mechanism is operated to allow fluid flow, dispensing of fluid is the result of the pressure differential generated by a force other than the force of gravity acting on the fluid. In such an embodiment the pressure differential resulting in dispensing is generated by one of a pump, a bladder, a screw, or a piston acting on the fluid in the bag.
In the depicted embodiment of
The container (100) will generally be of rigid or semi-rigid construction with sufficient strength to resist deformation by the placement of a bag (300) (see
As shown in
In an alternative embodiment, the container (100) may be manufactured originally as a parallelpiped (with six or fewer sides) or in another shape, using a process such as plastic extrusion, molding, or other methods, and may be crushable, collapsible, or rigid, depending on the desired construction.
The cutout (200) depicted in
Positioning of the bag (300) within the container (100) may occur by folding the bag (300) into the container (100), such as by having the user fold the cutout (200) of
In this embodiment, the bottom (185) of the container (150) has a specially designed sloping support (187) (i.e., the surface facing the interior volume (101)) termed the sloping support. The sloping support (187) slopes downward from both ends (184) of the base (185) towards a flat portion (186) of the sloping support (187) such that the flat portion (186) is positioned at a reduced elevation compared with the height of the sloping support (187) at either end (184). As a result of the slope of the sloping support (187) of the base (185), when a bag (300) of fluid is placed in the container (150), fluid in the bag (300) is directed by gravity toward the flat portion (186). As discussed below, in an embodiment the bag (300) is punctured by a spike (201) at a position on the bag (300) that rests essentially on the flat portion (186), thereby aiding in the emptying of the fluid from the bag (300) since such emptying will result from fluid flow through a portion of the spike (201). In alternate embodiments, the sloping support (187) may be conical or pyramidal or otherwise shaped so as to direct fluid in the bag (300) to a certain area of low elevation, which need not be flat as is the flat portion (186) of this embodiment.
As is depicted in the embodiments shown herein, the various panels of the container (100) or the container (150) may include air holes or vents (161) linking the internal volume (101) of the container to the environment external to the container. These vents (161) may decrease either one of the cost of manufacture and the weight of the container (100). These vents (161) are generally useful for improving air circulation within and around the container (100) as compared with a container (100) that does not have vents (161). Due to such improved air circulation, these vents (161) may accelerate temperature equilibration of fluid in a bag (300) positioned within the container (100) with the temperature of the environment external to the container (100). As compared with the fluid in a bag (300) that is supported within a container (100) without vents (161), such accelerated temperature equilibration may occur, for instance, when a bag (300) of fluid at room temperature is put in a container (100) in a refrigerator. Increased air circulation may also aid in allowing for the evaporation and escape of condensation or other liquid from inside the container (100). If liquids were allowed to be retained in a closed environment within the container (100), there may be a growth of bacteria, molds, or other potentially harmful organisms inside the container (100) that may result in an unappealing or even hazardous situation, such as in an event that these organisms become dispensed with the fluid.
In a still alternate embodiment shown in
The container (700) also has an sloping support (701) for the bag (300) that is generally a smooth, curved surface, sloping from about the height of the container (700) at the two ends (703 and 704) toward a low point (707) along the sloping support (701) at a fixed distance from each end (703 and 704). The sloping support (701) in this embodiment is the surface that provides the primary force of support generally opposite to the force of gravity. In alternate embodiments, the sloping support (701) may be of varying slope or curvature or may have a constant slope along the length between its highest point and the low point (707). The highest point need not be equivalent to the height of a side (705), as in the depicted embodiment, but must only have a higher elevation than the low point (707).
The container embodiments shown in
The bag (300) useful in a dispensing apparatus such as described herein may be made of any suitable material, but is preferably made of a plastic material such as an organic polymer sheet material and is preferably flexible and pliable and does not impart a rigid shape to the fluid. The bag (300) may, however, be filled with fluid to a point that the fluid is under pressure resulting from the elasticity or relative inelasticity of the bag (300), forming a relatively inflexible combination when the bag is sealed. The bag (300) also may be of any suitable construction. In an embodiment the bag (300) comprises a single-layer film wall. In an alternate embodiment a bag (300) may be constructed with several plies of material or a set of bags placed one within another. Such a multi-layer bag system may include what is commonly referred to in the art as a secondary containment or an overwrap. For a bag (300) having several layers, one or more of the layers may be removed prior to placing the bag (300) in the portable water cooler (101). In a preferred embodiment the bag (300) is constructed of a coextrusion or laminate plastic sheet material that provides a enhanced vapor and gas barrier as compared to a single-layer polypropylene film. The bag (300) may be filled with any fluid which is desired to be dispensed, including an isotonic saline solution and a beverage of various kinds, including water, milk, and citrus beverages, among others.
In the embodiment shown in
The process of penetrating the bag (300) with the spike (201) may take many forms depending on the embodiment of the dispensing apparatus. In an embodiment such as just described, the spike (201) is simply hand-driven into the bag (300). When spiking a bag (300) the bag (300) simply may be held in one's hands or placed on a convenient work surface, or more preferably is placed within the container (100). As discussed above, the container (100) is preferably sized and shaped so that the filled bag (300) has similar external volume to the internal volume of the container (100). Therefore, if the bag (300) is placed in an assembled or partially assembled container (100), the bag (300) should be sufficiently constrained to allow penetration by the spike (201) when the spike (201) is forced against the wall of the bag (300), rather than such a force simply moving the wall of the bag (300) without penetrating the wall of the bag (300). In an alternate embodiment, the inertia of the fluid-filled bag (300) is sufficient to allow spiking without further containment of the bag (300).
In an alternative embodiment, such as one using the third embodiment of the container (700), wherein the spike (201) projects upwardly (as shown in
In an alternate embodiment using the first embodiment of the container (100) the end (123) is attached to another panel the container (100) at a hinge that includes a spring or similar biasing device that tends to rotate the end (123) from a flat position as in
In still another embodiment, the spike (201) and bag (300) combination may work with an extension screw, piston, bladder or other similar drive mechanism that can create a force that pushes the bag (300) against the spike, whether the mechanism works on the bag (300) or the spike (201) or both. In one such embodiment using the first embodiment of the container (100), the bag (300) is placed in the container (100) and the spike (201) is positioned in the aperture (127) in the end (123) which end (123) is then brought into the parallelepiped arrangement of
In a preferred embodiment, the interaction of the bag (300) and the spike (201) is such that after the bag (300) is pierced, the opening in the bag (300) seals around the spike (201), thus preventing leakage of any significant amount of fluid from inside the bag (300) into the internal volume (101). Such sealing may be the result of a sealing interaction between the bag (300) and the spike (201) alone, the bag (300), the spike (201), and the fluid in the bag (300), or may be a result of an interaction between the spike (201) and at least one other element, such as the fitment (801) described below.
Where a sealing interaction is between the bag and the spike alone, sealing of the bag (300) about the spike (201) is accomplished when the stem (203) is sized and shaped so that as the wall of the bag (300) is deformed and broken by the tip (205), the integrity of the wall of the bag (300) remains intact around the entire circumference of the spike (201). In an embodiment, the integrity of the bag (300) will remain intact up to the point of contact between the bag (300) and the spike (201), as well as for some length along the spike (201) in a direction generally perpendicular to a diameter thereof (e.g., along a cuff (303) as discussed below). In an alternate embodiment the cuff (303) may not be uniform around the circumference of the spike (201), and may be minimal to non-existent along a portion of such circumference. In an embodiment, the physical properties of the bag material (e.g., elasticity) promote the sealing of the bag (300) about the spike (201).
In an embodiment such as shown in
The exact size and shape of the tip (205) and stem (203) useful for forming a seal for preventing or sufficiently hindering leaks depends on many factors, including the dimensions of the bag (300), the materials used in the bag's construction, and the type and amount of fluid contained therein, among others. Specific values for any of these factors in any embodiment are a matter of engineering design choice.
Generally, for a conical tip (205) as described above, the cuff (303) of a single sheet polyethylene bag will have a length (height) that is fairly constant around the circumference of the spike (201), and that is about equal to the radius (half the diameter) of a cylindrical spike (201), since the tip is symmetrical. For a spike (201) as depicted in
A dispensing mechanism, such as a spigot (211) or another dispensing valve, such as one comprised by a pump, generally controls the dispensing of the fluid from the bag (300). The dispensing mechanism generally will be disposed exterior to the container (100 or 150 or 700), preferably near to the exterior wall thereof. The dispensing mechanism may have any valve design convenient for dispensing fluid on demand. In an embodiment, the spigot (211) is a simple button- or lever-operated valve that defaults to a closed position (through use of a spring or other biasing mechanism), and is opened only when the button or lever is moved against the biasing mechanism. An embodiment of such a lever-operated valve is commonly used on coffee and water dispensers for home and commercial use, including in the common office water cooler. Dispensing mechanisms encompassing valves of various designs useful for dispensing from the dispensing apparatus are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Shown in perspective view in
After placing the bag (300) in the container (100), puncturing the bag (300) with the spike (201), and creating a seal, when the dispensing mechanism is operated, fluid from inside the bag (300) can flow through the holes (207) into the stem (203), and through the stem (203) to the dispensing mechanism as the fluid is dispensed from the container (100). In an embodiment, dispensing is the result of the force of gravity acting on the fluid in the bag (300), pulling it out of the spigot (211) or other dispensing mechanism. In an alternate embodiment, dispensing is a result of a force created by other mechanisms than gravity such as the pressure differentials created by a pump connected to the spike (201) or a pressure differential created by increased pressure on the bag (300) such as may be due to the operation of a bladder, piston, screw, or other mechanism acting on the bag (300) or spike (201) as was discussed above with respect to an alternate manner of puncturing the bag (300) in place of puncturing directly by hand. An embodiment including a pump, for instance, is constructed identically to the dispensing apparatus shown in
The dispensing apparatus, once assembled, will generally be placed on a shelf of convenient height, for example a refrigerator shelf, in such a manner that the dispensing mechanism extends over an edge of the shelf. The liquid can then be dispensed by the dispensing mechanism, generally in a stream that can be captured or used by a user. Once the fluid in the bag (300) has been completely dispensed, the bag (300) is removed and discarded or recycled. After fluid has been completely dispensed, though, some fluid may remain in the bag (300), for example, at the bottom of the bag (300), below the level of the holes (207) or caught in a fold in the collapsed bag (300). This residual fluid is presumed either to be purposefully fed into the holes (207) by a user, or is simply discarded with the bag (300).
When dispensing is complete (as discussed above) the dispensing apparatus (301) may be partially disassembled (depending on the embodiment) to allow for removal and discarding of the bag (300). In the process of removing and discarding the bag (300), any number of other components of the fluid dispensing apparatus (301) may be discarded as well. In an embodiment, for example, the end (123) of the container (100) is opened, generally pulling the spike (201) and the bag (300) connected thereto at least partially out of the interior volume (101). The bag (300) and spike (201) are then separated and the bag (300) is discarded. A new bag (300) is then be placed in the container (100) and the process of puncturing a bag (300) is repeated. In an alternative embodiment, the spike (201) may be disconnected from the container (100) and the bag (300) by pulling the spike (201) out of the interior volume (101), using the end (123) or other portion of the container (100) to effectively hold the bag (300), allowing the spike (201) to slide freely therefrom. In such an embodiment the bag (300) and container (100) combination may then be discarded, while the spike (201) is maintained for another use. In still a further embodiment, the entire dispensing apparatus (301), including the container (100), the bag (300), and the spike (201), may be discarded when dispensing is complete.
For embodiments wherein the sealing of the bag (300) about the spike (201) does not involve an interaction with an element besides the bag (300), the spike (201), and the fluid, the bag (300) may generally be punctured at whatever location is convenient. In the embodiment depicted in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In an embodiment as shown in
In an alternative embodiment of the dispensing apparatus, depicted in
In an embodiment using the fitment (801), a spike (201) punctures the bag (300) at the window (808), passing into the bag (300) through the outer ring (802) of the fitment (801). The spike (201) and outer ring (802) are designed to fit closely together, the outer circumference of the spike (201) being of similar dimension to the inner circumference of the outer ring (802). Sealing of the bag (300) about the spike (201) results from this close fit of the spike (201) with the outer ring (802), which, in an embodiment, is enhanced by the portion of the bag (300) (similar to the cuff (303) described above) that is forced between the spike (201) and the outer ring (802) as the spike (201) punctures the bag (300). The outer ring (802) serves as a flange aiding in the security of the connection between the spike (201) and the bag (300).
As the fluid in the bag (300) is emptied through the spike (201), the bag (300) begins to collapse. In an embodiment using the fitment (801) depicted in
A specific example of such a bag and spike connection using a fitment is provided by Server Products, Inc., headquartered in Richfield, Wis., USA, whose Server Express™ system includes a spike that mates with a fitment in a bag, the fitment and bag combination being produced by Sealed Air Corporation of Saddle Brook, N.J., USA, under the Cryovac® name.
In yet another embodiment of the dispensing apparatus, the container may be configured or adapted to be used in conjunction with a dispensing mechanism designed and mounted as a component of a refrigerator, such as are commonly attached to a municipal water supply. The embodiments described above are generally designed to be used within a refrigerator whereby the refrigerator door is opened to obtain access to the spigot (211). In this alternative embodiment, the spike (201) may be connected to a feed mechanism, pump, pipe, or other device to allow fluid from the bag (300) to be transported to a dispensing mechanism mounted external to the refrigerator, whether pre-existing or newly mounted. In a still further embodiment, the container may be included as a permanent mount in a refrigerator or freezer, such as an in-door mount. In still another embodiment, the fluid from the bag (300) travels to an ice maker to allow the manufacture of ice from the fluid in the bag. The ice so made is then dispensed using the dispenser of the ice maker.
As should be apparent from the above description, the fluid in the bag (300) is only in surface contact with the interior surface of the bag (300), the exterior and interior of the spike (201), and the interior surfaces of the dispensing mechanism, such as the spigot (211). The fluid is not in direct contact with the inner surfaces of the container (100, 150, or 700). In this way, flavors from the fluid cannot be directly transferred to the container (100, 150, or 700). Further, even if there was contamination in the container (100, 150, or 700) (such as from a bag (300) having a leaky seal with the spike (201)), fluid in a later used bag (300) should not pick up any of the contamination, since a later used bag (300) should have a non-leaky seal that does not allow contamination into the later used fluid. Because a bag (300) of fluid can be manufactured in a manner that produces a sterile fluid in the bag (300), and because an embodiment of the dispensing apparatus limits the contact of the fluid with the external environment, such a dispensing apparatus is an aid to providing high quality, low-health-risk fluids.
While the invention has been disclosed in connection with certain preferred embodiments, this should not be taken as a limitation to all of the provided details. Modifications and variations of the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and other embodiments should be understood to be encompassed in the present disclosure as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications No. 60/513,769, filed Oct. 23, 2003, and U.S. No. 60/545,155, filed Feb. 17, 2004, the entire disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60513769 | Oct 2003 | US | |
60545155 | Feb 2004 | US |