Patent Grant
6838098
Method, system, and apparatus for continuously forming center-filled gum, particularly for continuously forming individual sealed pieces of liquid-filled gum from a continuous rope or strand.
Liquid or center filled gum and other confectionery products are in popular demand today. These products have a hard or solid exterior portion or shell and a soft or liquid center. The outer portion can be chewing gum or bubble gum of some type, while the liquid center portion can be a flavored material typically having a syrup-like consistency.
There are numerous mechanisms and systems known today for forming liquid-filled gum and other confectionery products. One of these systems is shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,857,963 to Graff et al. Although many of these known mechanisms and processes operate satisfactorily and produce acceptable results, there are a number of mechanical and processing concerns which need improvement. In particular, there is a need for faster, high volume systems as well as systems which are more efficient, easier to operate, and have fewer mechanical breakdowns.
One of the difficulties in the art of gum manufacturing is the fact that the gum products are tacky and have a tendency to stick or adhere to molds and operating machinery. Thus, it is recognized that gum producing mechanisms need to be operated at low temperatures, such as minus one hundred degrees Fahrenheit (−100° F.). At these low temperatures, however, the costs of operation increase and the operation of machinery become more difficult. For example, oils and greases can congeal into non-fluid masses, thereby reducing the lubricating ability of the materials and causing increased friction of moving parts. This also causes additional heat load on the moving parts resulting in less efficient high-speed operation.
It is also necessary with some known low-temperature gum forming operations to cool virtually the entire machinery, including all of the rotating parts. This is particularly true with systems which utilize rotating piece-producing drum members wherein the products are in contact with the drum members virtually the entire circumference of the drum. Cooling in these systems is typically done with super cooled air or gas to provide the necessary low temperatures. Cooling all parts of the apparatus, however, creates significant additional expense, as well as further mechanical and friction difficulties in the operation of the machinery.
It has also been known to be problems with rotating gum forming equipment to effectively feed a rope or strand of gum material into the rotating machinery and to insure that all of the formed pieces of gum material are removed or stripped from the rotating machinery. It is also known that rotating gum forming machinery often “chips” or clips off pieces of the individual gum pieces as they are formed. This creates unnecessary waste of material and, if the material has a liquid portion, can result in “leakers” which can cause stoppage and/or breakdowns of the machinery, as well as undesirable final products.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved mechanisms and systems for producing center-filled gum products. It is also an object of the present invention to provide improved systems for continuously producing pieces of center-filled gum from continuous ropes or strands of gum material.
It is a further object of the present invention to produce rotating gum forming mechanisms and systems which prevent the undesirable removal of small portions of the gum products as they are formed.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide continuous gum manufacturing mechanisms and systems in which it is unnecessary to cool any or all of the various components of the machinery, and in fact where portions of the machinery can be heated to improve performance. It is another object of the present invention to provide improved gum manufacturing mechanisms and systems which produces center-filled gum products on a faster and more efficient basis.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide continuous gum forming mechanisms and systems in which ropes or strands of gum material are fed into the systems in a faster and more efficient manner. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide mechanisms to insure removal and/or stripping of formed gum material from continuous gum forming mechanisms and systems.
Other objects of the present invention include providing improved methods of producing center-filled gum products from continuous ropes or strands of gum material, such methods including steps such as reducing the tackiness of the gum material, providing optimum registry of the die cavities and matrix ring, and/or providing improved stabilization of plunger members.
These and other objects are met by the unique and inventive gum forming mechanisms, systems and methods in accordance with the present invention. The systems include extrusion and gum forming mechanisms with rotating drum members which produce center-filled gum pieces on a faster, more efficient and less costly basis.
The gum forming mechanisms include sizing and transport tables which convey sized ropes of gum material to the rotating drum mechanisms. The rotating drum mechanisms have rotating matrix die rings and rotating cutter rings, both with mating die halves which together form complete molds or dies which separate, shape, and form the gum pieces. A series of cam-operated plunger members are positioned in the drum mechanism on opposite sides of the die members in order to help shape and form the individual pieces of gum. In accordance with one feature of the present invention, axial movement of the plunger members is stabilized by flat-sided rail members positioned adjacent guide members.
The die halve members in the rotating cutter ring have slanted or angled surfaces relative to the longitudinal direction of the die cavities in order to prevent slicing or chipping of small portions of the gum products as the plunger members form the gum products in the mating dies and transfer them to the matrix ring. The curved surfaces in the cutter ring are slanted on compound angles to create optimum registry with the die cavities in the matrix ring.
Also, an air-assist feed chute is provided which utilizes streams of pressurized air to transfer the gum rope from the sizing table to the rotating drum member. A stripper mechanism is positioned to insure removal of the formed gum products as they are ejected from the dies and matrix ring.
Portions of the gum forming mechanisms and systems can be selectively heated or cooled to improve the efficiency and performance of the machinery and system. The sizing rollers and gum forming can be cooled by use of a cooled gas. The mechanism which rotates the drum members and operates the cams and plungers members can be heated (or at least not cooled) in order to improve efficiency and performance.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to produce the center-filled gum products with minimal or no cooling, preferably by spraying the gum material with an oil or oil-based material. The punch faces can also be sprayed with an oil or oil-based material to reduce the tendency of the gum material to stick to them. The punch heads can also be modified to provide more clearance with the matrix and cutting rings.
With the present invention, liquid-filled pieces of gum are formed in a faster and more efficient manner than with known processes and systems.
As shown in
The rope of gum material 25 is conveyed to the gum forming mechanism 22 in any standard manner. If the extruder 20 and forming mechanism 22 are positioned immediately adjacent one another, the strand of rope 25 can simply be directly inserted into the forming mechanism 22 (as shown). A conventional conveyor mechanism (not shown) could also be utilized.
Once the pieces of formed gum material 50 are formed by the forming mechanism 22, they are transported by a conveyor mechanism 28 to a cooling tunnel or mechanism 30. The formed and cooled pieces of material which exit the cooling mechanism 30 then can be processed in any conventional manner. For example, the products can be fed directly to a packaging mechanism or system where the pieces of material are wrapped and placed into shipping boxes or containers. Alternatively, the products could be transported to a cooled room or staging area for further cooling or storage prior to packaging.
As shown in
The gum transport section 32 includes a table member 36 and a control panel 38, as also shown in FIG. 3. The table member 36 has a feeding mechanism 42 positioned at one end and a series of pairs of roller members 44A, 44B, 44C, 44D, and 44E positioned along the surface of the table. The rope of gum material 25 is pulled gently along the table 36, first by the roller members 44A-44E, then by the feed chute member 60 (described below), and then by the rotating drum mechanism 40 once the process is in full operation. The sets or pairs of roller members 44A, 44B, 44C, and 44D assist in sizing and transporting the gum rope 25 along the top of the table member 36. The final set of roller members 44E at the end of section 32 are used to guide the rope of gum material into the feed chute member 60 and the individual piece forming section 34.
The feeding mechanism 42 includes a cone-shaped forming die 43 which reduces the size of the rope 25 from several inches in diameter as it leaves the extruder 20 to a smaller diameter depending on the material as it enters the forming and sizing portion of the table member 36. The forming die 43 can be heated slightly by a heater mechanism 39 in order to maintain it at an appropriate temperature for both squeezing the gum material and at the same time allowing it to pass easily through the die.
A rope thickness sensor 41 is positioned above the table member 36 and directed to measure the size (diameter) of the rope of gum material 25 as it exits the reducing die 43. The sensor can be of any conventional type, but preferably is an ultrasonic sensor. The measurements taken by the sensor 41 are fed into the control panel 38 and the speed of travel of the rope 25 on the table member 36 is adjusted accordingly in order to provide the proper size, diameter and amount of gum material entering the forming dies. The rope of gum material is reduced approximately 50-75% in size (diameter) from the time it is extruded from the extruder 20 to the time it enters the piece forming section 34. For example, a reduction from 4.5 inches to 1.5 inches is typical.
As shown in
The slackened portion 25′ of the rope material is positioned on an angled platform 33 and constantly measured by a sensor arm 37. The angled platform insures that the curve of the slackened portion 25′ is directed in a certain direction (helped by gravity). The sensor arm 37 has a plurality of sensor members which provide an indication of the direction and amount of bend or slack 25′ in the gum rope 25. The data read by the sensors is fed into the control panel 38. If the slack in the gum rope is too large or too small, the speed of travel of the gum rope on the table member is adjusted accordingly.
Preferably, the main transport portion of the section 32 is kept at a reduced temperature in order to prevent the gum material from sticking to the roller members. For this purpose, cooled air or gas is directed toward the roller members from tubular members 47 connected to a source of cooled air 49. Tubular members are positioned along both sides of the roller members. Individual nozzles 47A direct cooling air directly at the surface of each roller to maintain it at a prespecified temperature. The temperature of the roller members 44A-44E on the table member 36 is typically maintained below −90° F., although the actual temperature will vary with the material and production rate. In order to control costs of manufacture, the temperature should be just cold enough to support production. If necessary, a housing member (not shown) could be positioned over the roller members in order to help maintain the overall temperatures of the rollers at a prespecified temperature or within a prespecified temperature range.
The gum forming mechanism 22 is positioned on a series of supports and/or leg members, such as members 27, and also includes a cover or housing member 48 which is adapted to slide over and enclose the rotating drum mechanism 40—both for operator safety and for maintenance of certain operating temperatures of the gum forming mechanisms. Windows 52 in the cover member 48 can be provided to allow the operator to visually inspect the piece forming operation.
The rotating drum mechanism 40 has a rotating drum member 61 positioned in a pair of stationary drum housings 62 and 64 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Housing member 62 is attached to the gum forming mechanism 22 and encloses a first portion of the rotating drum member 61. The housing member 64 is attached to the end of a stationary shaft member 68 centrally positioned inside the drum member 61. The housing member 64 encloses a second portion of the rotating drum member. A gap 66 is left between the two housing portions 62 and 64. A rotating spindle member (not shown) operated by the gum forming mechanism 22 is positioned around the stationary shaft member and is connected to the drum member 61 and rotates it relative to the housing portions 62 and 64.
In order to increase the life of the bearings and other portions of the rotating spindle member relative to the stationary member and allow the drum member 61 to freely rotate without undesirable friction when portions or all of the drum mechanism is cooled, a heater member 70, such as a cartridge heater, can be positioned inside the stationary spindle member 68 (see FIG. 2). In order to monitor the temperature of the cartridge heater 70, a thermocouple 72 or the like is also positioned in the stationary spindle member 68. For this purpose, elongated channels or passageways are formed longitudinally in the spindle member 68 for positioning of the cartridge heater member 70 and thermocouple 72. The heater member 70 allows the bearings, rotating components and lubrication therefor relative to rotation of the drum member 61 to be kept at an appropriate operating temperature and not be overly cooled which could adversely affect efficiency and output performance. Keeping the operating members at normal operating temperatures also results in less breakdowns and repair of the rotating and moving mechanisms. The components also have increased durability and life, resulting in less tooling, maintenance and repair costs.
The drum member 61 includes a first plurality of cam operated plunger members 80 and a second plurality of cam operated plunger members 82 (see FIG. 6). The plunger members are positioned on opposite sides of a die matrix ring 83 which has a plurality of die halves 84 around its outer periphery. The cam operated plunger members 80 and 82, as well as the die ring 83, have a common center along with the drum member 60 relative to the central shaft member 68.
A cutter ring member 90 is provided on the outside of the die ring 83 and is adapted to rotate in the same direction. The cutter ring member 90 is supported by a three guide rollers 91, 92 and 93 and has a plurality of mating die halve members 95 around its inner periphery. One or more of the guide roller members (e.g. roller member 92) are tensioned in order to hold the cutter ring member in position and to rotate with the die ring member 82 and drum member 61. Once the gum forming system is in operation and the rope of gum material is being pulled and rotated around the rotating die member 61 and die ring member 82, the cutting ring will rotate along with them and at the same speed.
The die halve members 84 on the die ring member 83 and the die halve members 95 on the cutter ring member 90 mate together to form dies or molds for formation of the individual pieces of gum products. As shown in
As shown in the drawings, the die halves can have semi-circular grooves resulting in the formation of circular (cylindrical) die molds for similarly shaped product. It is understood, however, that the die halves can have any shape depending on the desired shape of the final products. The outer ends or edges of the semi-circular die half members 84 and 95 meet or make contact in order to provide an effective mechanism for cutting and separating the rope of gum material into individual pieces.
A schematic view of the plunger members 80 and 82, the die members, and the cam mechanisms used to operate the plunger members, as well as the formation of the individual pieces of gum material, are set forth in FIG. 6.
As shown in
The plunger members 82 are moved longitudinally by a tension mechanism 110, such as an air bladder, which is positioned along the outer surface of the drum member 60 (see FIG. 3). Air pressure within the member 110 can be adjusted, as desired, in order to affect the movement and functioning of the plunger members. In this regard, as shown in
The operation, movement and structure of the plunger members 80 is similar to plunger members 82, although a conventional pressure roller mechanism is used to operate the longitudinal movement of the plunger members 80. The pressure roller mechanism is schematically shown and referred to by the reference numeral 114. Each of the plunger members 80 includes a elongated rod member 116 and a punch head 118. The rod members 116 are positioned and guided through openings 119 and 120 in support ring members 121 and 122. Each of the plunger members 80 have a cam follower member 124 at its outer end. The cam follower members are positioned in slot 126 formed by outer and inner cams 270 and 271 and operate in conjunction with pressure roller 114. Again, similar to the plunger members 82, the plunger members 80 move longitudinally in the sequence illustrated in FIG. 6.
When
The front surfaces 102A and 118A of the punch heads 102 and 118, respectively, have product shapes, such as the concave curved shapes shown in the drawings, in order to form outer surfaces on the pieces of gum material 50. Many shapes could be used and logos added if desired, by changing the shape of the surfaces 102A and 118A.
The half die members 95 in the cutter ring member 90 have slanted surfaces 95A in the longitudinal (axial) direction of the die halves. This is shown in
The elimination of the small chips from the pieces of gum materials can save up to 10-15% of waste or salvage material. Also, with center-filled gum products, the pinching and chipping could result in products with thin wall sections possibly allowing the liquid center material 28 to leak or be squeezed out of the pieces of gum material when they are compressed together by the two plunger members forming the final shape of the product. Leaking gum pieces (called “leakers”) are undesirable since the leaked liquid material can cause problems in the operation of the machinery, as well as problems in the further transport and packaging of the gum pieces. Leaking formed gum products are typically unacceptable for use as commercial products. The mess and inconvenience to consumers in handling a leaking piece of center-filled gum are obvious.
Continuing with
In the preferred embodiments, 35-80 pairs of plunger members are provided. Each die member has a pair of plunger members associated with it, one on each side thereof and in axial alignment with it (and thus with each other). The plunger members are normally biased to the retracted positions. The biased forces can be supplied by spring members 99 on the elongated shaft members, although other equivalent biasing mechanisms could be utilized. As shown in
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
The embodiment of the invention shown in
Also, the semi-cylindrical surfaces of the die cavities on the cutter ring are slanted at compound angles in the longitudinal (axial) direction of the die cavities. This provides a full piloting arrangement of the cutter ring die cavity with the matrix ring die cavity at the time that the individual pieces of gum material are being moved into the cylindrical die cavities in the matrix ring.
In
As better shown in FIGS. 18 and 21-27, the surfaces 212A of the half die cavities 212 form a compound curved or compound angled surface in order to create improved registry and mating with the half die cavities 202 and the full die cavities 204 in the matrix ring. This provides wide and flatter surfaces 214 between the half-die cavities 212 in the cutter ring 210 to mate with the wide, flat surfaces 206 between the half die cavities 202 in the matrix ring 200.
Plunger members 220 and opposed plunger members 230, as shown in
As shown in
As indicated above, the wide, flat surfaces 206 and 214 can pinch the gum material in an improved manner on the edges of the individual pieces as they are being cut and formed. This provides a better seal of the gum material around the inner liquid material and thus reduces or minimizes the amount of leaking products which are formed with the present invention.
Even though a nitrogen-free gum forming system can be utilized with the present invention, the rope of gum material and feed rollers are cooled in the gum transport section preceding the drum mechanism, and in subsequent processing sections and systems. The rope of gum material is also preferably cooled as it exits the extruder and as it passes through the sizing die.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gum material used for the rope of liquid-filled gum material is subjected to two extrusion procedures. In the first procedure, the gum material is manufactured and extruded in flat sheets of material where it is uniformly coded. Thereafter, the material is introduced into a second extruder which reshapes it into a rope of material.
Also, it is possible to spray an oil mist or other non-toxic and edible lubricant on the front gum-engaging faces or surfaces of the punch heads in order to further minimize and prevent sticking of the gum products in the inventive mechanism. The front faces of the punch heads could also be coated with Teflon or another conventional non-stick coating for the same purpose.
With a drum mechanism having thirty-eight die cavities in the matrix ring and forty-eight die cavities in the cutter ring, it is preferable to have at least 4 locations where a full registry alignment between the two half-die cavities is maintained. The precise number will depend on the actual number of die cavities provided in the matrix and cutter rings.
If desired, in order to provide plunger members, cam members and other operating members having better durability and wear, the members can be heat treated or made from a more durable material, such as stainless steel.
The stripper member 160 is shown in more detail in
As shown in
The base or plate member 166 of the stripper member 160 is attached to the die forming mechanism 22 by one or more support bracket members 169 (see FIG. 4). For convenience in showing the stripper member 160 in
An alternate embodiment 160′ of the stripper member is shown in FIG. 12. In this embodiment, the stripper member includes a stripper finger 162 and a tubular member 172 which has a plurality of openings 174 therein for ejection of cooled air. The stripper member of 160′ can be attached to the die forming mechanism 22 in any conventional manner.
The feed chute member 60 is particularly shown in
The feed chute member 60 provides conveyance of the rope of gum material 25 from the forming and sizing table section 36 to the individual piece forming section on the drum member 60 in the system. Without the feed chute member 60, conveying the end of the extruded rope member 25 and inserting it into position between the diverging die half members on the die ring and cutter ring members would be difficult and time consuming. The feed chute member 60 includes an elongated housing member 182, a curved diverter plate 150 and a pair of curved guide members 183 and 184. The feed chute member 60 is positioned relative to the die ring member 82 and cutter ring member 90 as shown in FIG. 13. The housing member 182 is attached to the sizing and support table 36 by a conventional bracket member 186 or the like. A support plate 188 supports the curved diverter or deflector plate member 150 and holds the plate member 150 securely to the housing member 182 of the feed chute member 60.
The rope of gum material 25 is pulled and assisted through the feed chute member 60 by “jets” or streams of pressurized air. In this regard, pressurized air is introduced through openings 190 and 191 into opposite inside walls of the housing member 182 which act to pull along the rope of gum material 25 through the housing member 182. An additional stream or jet of air is directed along the bottom or underside of the rope of gum material through conduit 192. The pressurized air from conduit 192 “floats” and supports the rope of gum material 25 as it exits the housing member 182 and is transported to the cutting area 98 between the sets of die members.
In order to maintain the die members 84 and 95 at a cooled temperature in order to prevent the gum material from sticking to the die surfaces, cooled air is introduced and directed to the portion of the rotating drum member 60 in the gap 66 between the two portions or housing members 62 and 64. For this purpose, a pair of plate members 200 and 202 are attached to the cover or housing member 48 (see FIG. 4). The plate members are substantially parallel to one another and form a chamber or cavity 201 between them which opens along the die ring cutter ring members. The cavity 201 between the plate members 200 and 202 is filled by cooled air from conduit 204. The plate members have curved profiles adjacent the drum member 60 in order to closely align with it and direct and guide the cooling air against the die members and prevent the cooled air from escaping and cooling other parts or portions of the drum member and operating mechanism. The cooled air in chamber 201 is directed towards die ring member 82, cutter ring member 90 and their respective die members.
The cooled air is preferably supplied at temperatures below −80° F. The air can be supplied by conventional two-stage refrigerated compressed air mechanisms, although other systems can also be utilized, including the cooled gas systems.
At the same time that the gum cutting, shaping, and forming components of the rotating drum member are being cooled, other portions and components of the system and mechanism are being heated or maintained at higher temperatures so that their efficiency and performance are not adversely affected. These components particularly include the plunger members and cam mechanisms, together with their related moving components. For this purpose, inlets 210 and 220 are provided on the drum housing portions 62 and 64, respectively. The inlets 210 and 220 allow ambient or heated air to be drawn or introduced into housing portions 62 and 64. The air is exhausted through outlets 240 and 242. A compressor 230 can be used, if desired, to help circulate the air. The blanket of warmer air supplied or formed in the two drum housing portions 62 and 64 helps maintain the cam followers and airbags at normal temperatures.
The basic platform for use with the extruder mechanism 20 and gum forming mechanism 22 can be a typical candy forming machine manufactured by Bosch, Hansella, Executive, Euromec, and others. The extruder 20 can be of any conventional type. In the extrusion machine, previously processed gum material is introduced into hopper 21 and then into a single or pair of rotating screw members which massage the gum material and extrude it through a die in the form of a rope of gum material.
With the present invention, the speed of the gum forming machinery is increased, thus resulting in an increased production of gum material. As indicated, the preferred cooling material for use with the present invention is simply cooled air. With the present invention, however, the amount of cooling air or gas necessary to cool portions of the gum forming machinery and components is reduced, perhaps as much as 50%, from conventional rotating gum and candy forming systems. This is a result of subjecting only a portion of the gum forming components to a cooling process, while at the same time maintaining the temperature of other components closer to their normal operating temperatures.
In accordance with the present invention, the plunger members 80 and 82 are easier to lubricate. The operating temperatures of the plunger members are not maintained as low as with known processes, and thus the difficulties experienced with the setting or gelling of plunger lubrication (and thus problems with the resulting heat build-up and friction forces) are not significant. For example, it is unnecessary to heat oil or other fluid utilized to lubricate the movement of the plunger members. Oil provided to the present mechanism at room temperature is sufficient. With increased and more effective lubrication of the plunger members and other operating mechanisms, the inventive mechanism and system is more durable and should have a longer life.
Also, with one embodiment of the present invention, cooling of the gum forming matrix and cutter rings is unnecessary.
The present invention provides a more efficient continuous manufacturing system for liquid or center-filled gum. Pieces of liquid-filled gum material are produced on a faster and more efficient process than with known processes. In this regard, it is anticipated that the capacity of the present system will be approximately double over known systems and that the system can be utilized without any additional labor expense.
The improved efficiencies of the present invention are due in part to the ease of starting of the process, the reduction in waste of gum material, the fact that breakdowns and jams are fewer and easier to clear, the fact that the gum material has minimal contact with the metal and moving members, and the fact that cooling costs are greatly reduced.
Also, with the present invention, the gum material seals around the liquid center in a better manner. This provides a better quality product with fewer leaking pieces of gum. This also results in fewer production shut-downs and less maintenance.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/656,820, filed on Sep. 7, 2000, which issued on Oct. 29, 2002, as U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,001.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3857963 | Graff et al. | Dec 1974 | A |
| 4468185 | Jansen | Aug 1984 | A |
| 5141425 | Bliss et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5449281 | Dupart et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 6284291 | Siecke et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6472001 | Bunkers et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6607765 | Capodieci | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20020192330 A1 | Dec 2002 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09656820 | Sep 2000 | US |
| Child | 10226386 | US |
