Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6170210
-
Patent Number
6,170,210
-
Date Filed
Tuesday, March 16, 199925 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, January 9, 200123 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
- Friedman; Carl D.
- A; Phi Dieu Tran
Agents
- Polster, Lieder, Woodruff & Lucchesi, L.C.
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 052 2041
- 052 211
- 052 213
- 052 216
- 052 317
- 052 6562
- 052 5822
- 052 6563
- 052 6564
- 052 6569
- 052 DIG 6
- 052 232
- 016 354
- 044 399
- 044 400
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A continuous gear hinge, having extruded aluminum leaves and an extruded aluminum cap which holds the leaves together at meshed gear segments on the leaves, has the capacity to establish a seal between the door and hinge jamb to which it is attached. That seal derives from intumescent strips which lie in recesses that open out of the of the leaves. In the presence of a fire, the intumescent material, the strips of which extend the full length of the hinge, expands and bonds to the door and hinge jamb to not only seal the space between the two, but also to secure the door should the hinge lose its capacity to hold the door.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to door hinges and, more particularly, to a continuous gear hinge that contains an intumescent seal.
The typical door is supported in a door frame with several hinges, each having two leaves provided with alternate knuckles that are held together with a hinge pin. Being manufactured from steel, these hinges can withstand the heat of a fire and indeed will continue to secure a door as long as the door and the frame in which it fits remain in place in the presence of the fire. But the typical knuckle-type hinge attaches a door to its frame in only a limited area, and while several are used on each door, the hinges remain vulnerable to abuse. It is not uncommon for the knuckle-type hinges on high-use doors, such as the doors one might find at the entrances to schools, to pull away from the edges of the doors or from the hinge jambs of their door frames. Resecuring the hinges with longer screws solves the problem temporarily, but often these screws eventually pull away from the doors or hinge jambs also.
Continuous or gear-type hinges provide a more practical solution to the problem of abuse. The leaves of this type of hinge have gear segments which mesh and also a cap which fits over and behind the gear segments to hold them together while allowing them to pivot relative to each other. The leaves may and often do correspond in length to the length of the door and door jamb and thus attach to the door and jamb at numerous locations, along the door edge and jamb. Hence, they do not easily pull away from either. But aluminum from which the leaves and cap are extruded melts at a relatively low temperature. In the event of a fire the exposed cap and gear segments of the gear hinge may melt, leaving the door unattached along its hinge jamb. A gust of wind or stream of water directed against the door could cause the door to fall out of its frame and enable the fire to propagate through and beyond the door frame. Even if the door remains in place, fire and smoke may pass through the gap left between the door edge and hinge jamb.
For this reason some gear hinges have stainless steel studs which, when the hinge is closed, project through the two leaves and into the hinge jamb and door to which the hinge is attached. In the event of a fire having enough intensity to melt the gear segments and cap, the studs remain in place and secure the door in the frame. But the hinge requires additional manual labor to accommodate the studs, and this adds to the cost of the hinge. Moreover, the studs complicate the installation of the hinge on a door and door frame and may even be removed or left off during installation.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention resides in a continuous gear hinge having recesses in its leaves. The recesses contain seals formed from an intumescent material which expands when heated and has the capacity to fill a gap left between a door edge and hinge jamb. The expanded intumescent material from the hinge bonds to the door and hinge jamb together and secures the door with enough rigidity to keep it in place. It further creates a barrier between the edge of the door and the hinge jamb. The invention also consists in the parts and in the arrangements and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification and wherein like numerals and letters refer to like parts wherever they occur.
FIG. 1
is a perspective view of a wall containing a door frame to which a door is attached with a continuous gear hinge constructed in accordance with and embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2
is a fragmentary perspective view in section with the hinge attached to the door and the door closed;
FIG. 3
is a perspective view of the hinge in its open condition;
FIG. 4
is a sectional view of the hinge alone; and
FIG.
5
. is a sectional view of a modified hinge.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings (FIG.
1
), a continuous gear hinge A supports a door B in a door frame C which in turn borders a door opening in a wall D. Typically, the door B and door frame C are made from a material, such as steel, which can withstand elevated temperatures without melting or being consumed. The same holds true for the wall D. The hinge, on the other hand, is for the most part, manufactured from aluminum which melts at about 1200° F., which is considerably lower than the melting point for steel which exceeds 2100° F., and a fire opposite either face of the door, but particularly, the face where the hinge A is exposed, could produce enough heat and temperatures high enough to melt at least some of the hinge A. Even though the hinge A melts and becomes ineffective, the door B remains in the door frame C, and will withstand moderate gusts of wind or a stream of water directed against it with moderate force all without leaving the door frame C. Also, fire and smoke will not pass through the space occupied by the hinge A, even in the absence of the hinge.
The wall D is typical. It may be of masonry construction or wood or metal studs covered with a gypsum wallboard. The door frame C, which is set into the wall D is likewise conventional. It has the usual hinge jamb
2
and strike jamb
4
connected by a lintel
6
. It is preferably formed from a material, such as steel, which will withstand elevated temperatures—certainly higher than those at which aluminum melts—without melting or being consumed. The two jambs
2
and
4
and the lintel
6
have the usual stops
8
(
FIG. 2
) which prevent the door B from moving through the frame B, but not out of one end of it.
The door C is also preferably formed from a material that does not melt and is not consumed at the temperature at which aluminum melts. Again steel serves the purpose well. The door C has vertical side edges
10
and
12
(
FIGS. 1 and 2
) which lie along the hinge jamb
2
and strike jamb
4
, respectively. Along its side edge
12
, the door B carries a lock having a latch bolt
14
which engages a keeper
16
in the strike jamb
4
, but can be withdrawn from the keeper
16
so that the door B may swing away from the door frame C on the hinge A.
The hinge A attaches the door B to the hinge jamb
2
of the door frame C for the full height of the door B, yet allows the door B to swing toward and away from the door frame C when the latch bolt
14
is disengaged from the keeper
16
. The hinge A includes (
FIG. 3
) a door leaf
22
and a jamb leaf
24
and also a cap
26
which holds the two leaves
22
and
24
together. All three are aluminum extrusions. In addition, the hinge A has bearing
28
blocks that are located along its leaves
22
and
24
and behind its cap
26
to prevent the leaves
22
and
24
from shifting longitudinally with respect to each other. Finally, the hinge A in its jamb leaf
22
contains a seal
30
of intumescent material and in its hinge leaf
24
contains another seal
32
of intumescent material. The seals
30
and
32
of intumescent material extend the full length of the hinge A.
Each leaf
22
and
24
has (
FIG. 3
) an elongated mounting plate
34
and a gear segment
36
located along one of the longitudinal edges of the plate
34
. Indeed, the plate
34
and gear segment
36
are formed integral as a single aluminum extrusion. The gear segment
36
on each plate
34
projects outwardly as a continuation of the plate
34
to which it is attached and further curves backwardly about the axis X of the segment
36
to project beyond the back surface of the plate
34
. In this regard, the plates
34
of the two leaves
22
and
24
have front faces which are presented toward each other when the hinge A is closed and back faces which are presented away from each other when the hinge A is closed. Along its opposite longitudinal edge the mounting plate
34
of each leaf
22
and
24
has a shallow recess
38
, in the form of a rabbet, that opens out of the back face of and extends the full length of the plate
34
. In the region between its recess
38
and the longitudinal edge from which the gear segment
36
projects, the mounting plate
34
has several countersunk holes
40
, with the countersinks opening out of the front face. The gear segment
36
of course has gear teeth and they project outwardly away from the axis X for the segment
36
. In addition, the segment
36
has an arcuate bearing surface
42
which lies behind the gear teeth and is presented toward the axis X. Finally, the gear segment
36
has several cutouts
44
, the upper and lower surfaces of which lie in planes perpendicular to the axis X of the segment
36
.
The gear segments
36
of the two hinge leaves
22
and
24
mesh with each other, and when properly meshed, the cutouts
44
of those segments
36
align. The bearing blocks
28
fit into the aligned cutouts
44
and prevent the hinge leaves
22
and
24
from shifting longitudinally with respect to each other. Each bearing block
28
along its side has arcuate grooves
46
, the surfaces of which register with and lie flush with the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
in the gear segments
36
for the two leaves
22
and
24
.
The cap
26
fits over and behind the gear segments
36
for the two leaves
22
and
24
so that the gear segments
36
remain together and meshed. In this regard, the cap
26
has ribs
48
which project from its sides inwardly toward each other and terminate at cylindrical surfaces
50
which correspond in curvature to the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
on the gear segments
36
and the arcuate grooves
46
on the bearing blocks
28
. Indeed, the ribs
48
project toward the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
and into the grooves
46
where their cylindrical surfaces
50
bear against the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
and the surfaces of the arcuate grooves
46
. The cap
26
is installed over the gear segments
36
of the two leaves
22
and
24
by aligning the cylindrical surfaces
50
on the ribs
48
of the cap
26
with the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
on the gear segments
36
of the two leaves
22
and
24
when the gear segments are meshed, and then sliding the cap
26
over the gear segments
36
. In so doing, the cylindrical surfaces
50
on the ribs
48
of the cap
26
move along the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
on the gear segments and through the grooves
46
in the bearing blocks
28
. The bearing blocks
28
contain set screws
52
which, when turned down, bear against the cap
26
to prevent the cap
26
from sliding relative gear segments
36
of the two leaves
22
and
24
.
The intumescent seal
30
for the door leaf
22
occupies the recess
38
that opens out of the back face of the mounting plate
34
for that leaf
22
. Likewise, the intumescent seal
32
for the jamb leaf
24
fits into the recess
38
of the mounting plate
34
for that leaf
24
. Each recess
38
is preferably about 0.050 inches deep and about 0.500 inches wide. It extends the full length of the leaf
22
or
24
. The seal
30
completely fills the recess
38
in the mounting plate
34
for the leaf
22
and lies flush with the back face of that plate
34
. Similarly, the seal
32
completely fills the recess
38
in the mounting plate
34
for the leaf
24
and lies flush with the back face of that plate
34
. The seals
30
and
32
are attached to their respective mounting plates
34
with an adhesive, and they remain with hinge leaves
22
and
24
during handling. A (GIS) graphite intumescent material having an adhesive backing is suitable for the two seals
30
and
32
. This material, when heated above 392° F. (200° C.), seeks to expand—indeed, six to twelve fold and normally about eight fold. The 3M Company, under the designation 3M Interam G-Mat, sells an intumescent material that is suitable for the seals
30
and
32
.
The hinge A is installed in the door B with the back face of the mounting plate
34
for the door leaf
22
being against the side edge
10
of the door B (FIG.
2
). It is secured with screws which pass through countersunk holes
40
in the mounting plate
34
and thread into the door B. When so installed, the gear segment
36
projects beyond the face of the door B, while the intumescent seal lies captured between the mounting plate
34
of the door leaf
22
and the side edge
10
of the door B. On the other hand, the jamb leaf
24
is secured against the hinge jamb
2
ahead of the stop
8
on that jamb
2
. The back face of its mounting plate
34
abuts the hinge jamb
2
while the gear segment
36
projects beyond the jamb
2
. Thus, the intumescent seal
32
for the jamb leaf
24
lies captured between the mounting plate
34
for that leaf and the hinge jamb
2
. The mounting plate
34
of the jamb leaf
24
is secured against the hinge jamb
24
with screws which pass through the countersunk holes
40
in that mounting plate and thread into the hinge jamb
2
or the wall D behind it or both. Since the seals
30
and
32
lie behind the mounting plates
34
of their respective leaves
22
and
24
, they are protected from inadvertent damage and vandalism.
The hinge A permits the door B to swing toward and away from the door frame C, and as it does the gear segment
36
of the door leaf
22
moves over the gear segment
36
of the jamb leaf
24
, while the teeth on the two gear segments
36
remain meshed in that they are held together by the cap
26
. The cap
26
accommodates the movement in that the arcuate bearing surfaces
42
in the gear segments
36
move over the cylindrical surfaces
50
on the ribs
48
of the cap
26
, the rotation being about the axes X.
The door B, if closed and secured to the strike jamb
4
with the latch bolt
14
, will isolate one side of the wall D from the other and prevent a fire from propagating through the wall D. The door B and door frame C as well as the bolt
14
and keeper
16
can withstand intense heat that produces elevated temperatures, in that they are formed from steel or some other fire resistant material. But the hinge A, being formed from aluminum will not, since aluminum melts at about 1200° F. Indeed, in the presence of an intense fire, particularly opposite the end of the door frame C out of which the door B opens, the cap
26
and gear segments
36
of the hinge leaves
20
and
24
will melt and no longer secure the door B in the frame C. But by that time, the intumescent material of the two seals
30
and
32
will have also expanded. The material of the seal
30
, upon expanding bonds to the side edge
10
of the door B and spreads into the gap between the side edge
10
and the hinge jamb
2
. The material of the seal
32
, on the other hand, bonds to the hinge jamb
2
and also expands into the gap between the jamb
2
and side edge
10
of the door B. Indeed, the expanded material of either seal
30
or
32
will spread far enough to completely bridge the gap and bond to the jamb
2
and edge
10
on both sides of the gap. But in most instances the material of the seal
30
expands into the material of the seal
32
and the two expanded seals become united in the gap between the hinge jamb
2
and the side edge
20
of the door B. The expanded intumescent material of the seals
30
and
32
prevents flames and smoke from passing through the gap. Moreover, the expanded seals
30
and
32
secure the side edge
10
of the door B to the hinge jamb
2
and thus prevent the door B from falling out of the door frame C when subjected to a gust of wind or a stream of water.
A modified continuous gear hinge E (FIG.
5
.), like the hinge A, has a door leaf
22
and a jamb leaf
24
, each with its own mounting plate
34
and gear segment
36
. In addition, the hinge E has a cap
26
which fits over the gear segments
36
of the two leaves
22
and
24
and maintains them meshed. Likewise, the mounting plates
34
for the leaves
22
and
24
of the hinge E have shallow recesses
38
, but in contrast to the hinge A, the recesses
38
open out of the front faces of the leaves
22
and
24
. The recess
38
of the leaf
22
contains a strip
30
of intumescent material, whereas the recess
38
of the leaf
24
contains another strip
32
of intumescent material.
When the hinge E in the regions of the recesses reaches about 400° F., the intumescent material of the two strips
30
and
32
expands and establishes a seal between the hinge jamb
2
of the door ram C and the side edge
10
of the door B.
In either of the hinges A or E only one of the leaves
22
or
24
may contain a strip
30
or
32
of intumescent material.
This invention is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the example of the invention herein chosen for purposes of the disclosure which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Hager Hinge Company
Parts List
Continuous Gear Hinge With Intumescent Seals
A continuous gear hinge
B door
C doorframe
D wall
X axis
2
. hinge jamb
4
. strike jamb
6
. lintel
8
. stops
10
. side edge
12
. side edge
14
. bolt
16
. keeper
22
. doorleaf
24
. jamb leaf
26
. cap
28
. bearing block
30
. strip of intumescent material
32
. strip of intumescent material
34
. mounting plate
36
. gear segment
38
. shallow recess
40
. countersunk holes
42
. arcuate bearing surface
44
. cutouts
46
. arcuate grooves
48
. ribs
50
. cylindrical surface
52
. set screws
Claims
- 1. A continuous gear hinge comprising: a first leaf having an elongated mounting plate and a gear segment along one side of the plate; a second leaf having an elongated mounting plate and a gear segment along one side of the plate, the gear segment of the second leaf meshing with the gear segment of the first leaf; a cap fitted over and behind the gear segments of the first and second leaves to hold the gear segments together and meshed, yet to allow the leaves to pivot relative each other; and an intumescent material carried by at least one of the leaves and extending substantially the full length of that leaf.
- 2. A hinge according to claim 1 wherein each leaf carries an intumescent material that extends substantially the full length of the leaf.
- 3. A hinge according to claim 1 wherein the leaves and the cap are formed from aluminum.
- 4. A hinge according to claim 1 wherein the leaves pivot between open and closed positions and have front faces which are presented toward each other when the leaves are in the closed position and back faces which are presented away from each other when the leaves are in the closed position; and wherein the intumescent material is along the back face of the first leaf.
- 5. A hinge according to claim 4 wherein the intumescent material is in the form of a strip that extends along the back face of the first leaf for substantially the entire length of the back face.
- 6. A hinge according to claim 5 wherein the mounting plate of the first leaf contains a recess which extends substantially the full length of the mounting plate and opens out the back face of the mounting plate; and the strip of intumescent material is in the recess.
- 7. A hinge according to claim 6 wherein the mounting plate of the second leaf contains a recess which extends substantially the full length of the mounting plate and opens out of the back face of the mounting plate and another strip of intumescent material is in the recess of the mounting plate for the second leaf.
- 8. A hinge according to claim 7 wherein the strips of intumescent material lie substantially flush with the back faces of the mounting plates.
- 9. A hinge according to claim 7 wherein the recesses extend along and open out of the other sides of the mounting plates for the first and second leaves to form rabbets in the leaves.
- 10. A hinge according to claim 9 wherein each recess is not more than about 0.050 inches deep.
- 11. A hinge according to claim 1 wherein the leaves pivot between open and closed positions and have front faces which are presented toward each other when the leaves are in the closed position and back faces which are presented away from each other when the leaves are in the closed position; and wherein the intumescent material is along the front face of the first leaf.
- 12. A hinge according to claim 5 wherein the mounting plate of the first leaf contains a recess which extends substantially the full length of the mounting plate and opens out the front face of the mounting plate; and the strip of intumescent material is in the recess.
- 13. A hinge according to claim 6 wherein the mounting plate of the second leaf contains a recess which extends substantially the full length of the mounting plate and opens out of the front face of the mounting plate and another strip of intumescent material is in the recess of the mounting plate for the second leaf.
- 14. In combination with a door frame having a hinge jamb and a door having a side edge, a continuous gear hinge connecting the door to the door frame such that the door can swing outwardly from the frame, said hinge comprising: a jamb leaf having a mounting plate that is attached to the hinge jamb of the door frame and a gear segment located along one side of the mounting plate; a door leaf having a mounting plate that is attached to the side edge of the door and a gear segment located along one side of the mounting plate, the gear segment of the door leaf meshing with the gear segment of the jamb leaf; a cap extended over and behind the gear segments of the two leaves to hold the gear segments together and meshed, yet to allow the door leaf to pivot relative to the jamb leaf when the door is moved between open and closed positions; a first strip of intumescent material located along the mounting plate of the jamb leaf; and a second strip of intumescent material located along the mounting plate of the door leaf.
- 15. The combination according to claim 14 wherein the first strip of intumescent material is attached to the mounting plate of the jamb leaf and the second strip of intumescent material is attached to the mounting plate of the second leaf.
- 16. The combination according to claim 15 wherein the mounting plate of the jamb leaf contains a recess which opens toward the hinge jamb and the first strip is located in that recess; and wherein the mounting plate of the door leaf contains a recess which opens toward the side edge of the door and the second strip is in that recess.
- 17. The combination according to claim 16 wherein the recesses in the mounting plates of the jamb and door leaves also open out of the side edges of those leaves.
- 18. The combination according to claim 17 wherein the strips of intumescent material are about as thick as the recesses in which they are located are deep.
- 19. The combination according to claim 14 wherein the mounting plate of one of the leaves contains a recess which opens toward the other leaf when the hinge is closed, and the strip of intumescent material for that leaf is in the recess.
- 20. The combination according to claim 14 wherein the mounting plates of the leaves contain recesses which open toward each other when the hinge is closed, and the strips of intumescent material are in the recesses.
US Referenced Citations (26)