Continuous process for the production of a paste with additives which can be formed into a smokable material

Abstract

For the production of artificial tobacco from pulverized plant parts, liquid and additives, the liquid is continuously forced, simultaneously with but separate from the powder, into a grinding chamber from which paste is continuously removed to be shaped and dried.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSUREThe invention relates to a continuous process for the production of a paste with additives which can be formed into a smokable material, in which process a liquid and pulverized plant parts are introduced into one end of a grinding chamber, stirred and ground by grinding tools within the grinding chamber, and removed at the other end of the grinding chamber as a sieved paste.In processes of this type, the plant parts are ground to their ultimate fineness in a wet state by treating them as carefully as possible in order to avoid a tarry smoke taste. In a well-known process of the initially mentioned type, the pulverized plant parts are first made into a paste with the liquid and the paste won in this manner is then admitted into the grinding chamber.OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an object of the invention to simplify this well-known process. The invention is characterized in that, owing to constant replacement of grinding stock, the grinding chamber is always filled with grinding stock and that dried and pulverized plant parts are continuously pressed into the grinding stock at one end whereby the dried powder is intimately contacted by the appertaining liquid at the time of its introduction into the grinding stock because the liquid is forced into the grinding stock simultaneously with but separate from the powder and close to the locus or point at which the powder is introduced into the grinding stock.According to the invention, making a paste from the plant parts before they are introduced into the grinding chamber is neither required nor provided for. The invention also allows the plant parts to be introduced into the grinding stock in a dried state, whereby the grinding procedure in the grinding chamber is simplified. In accordance with the known processes, it is difficult to moisten the dried, pulverized plant parts evenly with the liquid. The invention solves this problem in a very simple way namely, since the grinding stock is constantly circulated one achieves without further effort a thorough moisturization of the incoming dry powder. Moisturization is promoted by the introduction of the liquid very close to the powder, causing the areas of the grinding stock which the plant powder first reaches to be especially moist.As to the nature of the plant parts, those which are preferred include the threshing refuse of grain, such as straw, bran; chaff of wheat, oats, rice and corn, and the shells and fibers of coconuts, coffee beans and cocoa beans. In addition to such nicotine-free plant parts or instead of them, one can also utilize tobacco plants or parts of tobacco plants or tobacco refuse from the tobacco processing industry.The liquid can be water or a solution in which the necessary chemical additives and other desired additives can be mixed or dissolved. One can also mix these additives into the finished paste later. As to nature of additives, they include binding agents, for example sodium carboxy methyl cellulose; agents to improve the burning process, such as magnesium formate; softening agents, for example glycerin; substances to enhance the aroma, for example paraffin carbamide.As a result of the strring procedure, the grinding stock moves past the point where the powder is introduced and carries the moistened powder away. In order to make certain that the admitted liquid invariably reaches each freshly admitted quantity of the powder, it is advisable to press the powder into the grinding chamber close behind the corresponding liquid entrance, as considered in the direction of the stirring motion of the grinding stock which the powder initially reaches.The improved process can be carried out in the following way: The grinding stock which is under pressure in the grinding chamber and completely fills the grinding chamber is ground and stirred without further additives. The stirring tools rotate at a relatively high speed. Such procedure is advantageous because it allows for the processing of a relatively dry grinding stock to be processed. If it is not important to process an especially dry grinding stock, one can assist the grinding procedure by mixing into the grinding stock grist particles which are so large as to be unable to pass through the sieve proposed to be located at the exit side. Accordingly, the process further comprises introducing into the grinding stock grist particles consisting of a material which does not supply components injurious to health when being smoked, and the fragments of grindings of which, mixed in the paste, are continuously removed from the grinding chamber and are constantly replenished by the introduction of new grist particles into the grinding chamber. The process further comprises forcibly admitting the grist replenishment into the grinding stock close behind the liquid entrance, as considered in the direction of the stirring motion of those parts of the grinding stock which the grist initially reaches. Replenishing the grist close to the point of the liquid entrance guarantees that a dry rubbing together of the grist which reduces the amount of grist grindings and also that local heating through friction which could lead to a tarry taste in the finished product will be avoided.The necessary capacity of the stirring tool is dependent on the density of the grinding stock. A further development of the invention utilizes this fact and is characterized in that the stirring capacity of the stirrer is continuously measured and in that the grist replenishment is regulated according to the results of that measurement.The paste leaving the grinding stock is, mixed together with additives, stabilized into a smokable material by means of drying. The necessary additives, such as binding agents, agents to improve the burning process, substances to enhance the aroma, softening agents and the like can be dissolved or levigated into the liquid which is pressed into the grinding stock or they also can be stirred into the paste as it leaves the chamber. Since in order to stabilize the paste, the largest part of the liquid content must be extracted, it is desirable to keep the liquid content as low as possible from the start and in this respect, in order to always operate the continuous process with an optimal liquid content, it is advisable to continuously measure the viscosity of the paste as it leaves the grinding chamber and to regulate the liquid addition according to the results of the viscosity measurement.In accordance with a well-known process a paste consisting of plant parts, liquid, chemicals and other additives is mixed with small adsorption particles before the paste is shaped into foils and stabilized by drying. The small adsorption particles have the task of adsorbing the injurious substances which accumulate in the smoke during smoking. They are especially effective because they are located in the smokable product at the point at which the injurious substances caused by the advancing flame enter the smoke. If these injurious substances are retained by the adsorption particles, they will consequently become a direct part of the burning area and be burned as innocuous substances.The invention makes it possible in a simple manner to produce a product mixed with small adsorption particles whereby adsorbent grist is introduced into the grinding stock and whereby adsorption particles are produced as a by-product through the conveyance of the grist through the grinding chamber and are mixed into the resultant paste.In this manner, the grindings, which are unavoidable in the grinding procedure with grist, are used as adsorption particles, as far as they consist of adsorbent material. It is especially advantageous that the adsorption particles won through abrasion are intimately mixed with the paste without further effort. The invention makes it possible to utilize the unavoidable grist abrasion and does not necessitate an additional working motion to mix in the adsorption particles.If the amount of grindings from the adsorbent grist is greater than the admixture of adsorption particles desired in the finished paste, one can then easily counteract this by introducing a portion of nonadsorbent grist. Although the grindings of this grist also enter the paste, they cause no adsorption.Utilizing the above mentioned possible measures, the process can be carried out continuously whereby adsorbent grist mixed with nonadsorbent grist is used in the grinding stock and the grist grindings are continuously replenished and at the same time the total amount of the replenishment is apportioned depending on the capacity expended for the stirring, and if the capacity is too small the amount is to be increased and vice versa. Furthermore the admixture rate of adsorbent grist in the grist mixture is apportioned depending on the amount of adsorption particles in the paste. If the amount of adsorption particles is too small, the rate is to be increased. The invention makes use of the fact that a loss of grindings necessitating a replenishment of grist is recognizable by a drop of the resistance to stirring. For this purpose, one only needs to continuously measure the output capacity of the stirrer's motor. The amount of adsorption particles in the paste can be readily ascertained from the amount of adsorbent grist being continuously added. As soon as the starting phase has been surmounted and a state of equilibrium in the grist mixture has been established, the amount of adsorbent material which leaves the mill in the form of adsorption particles mixed into the paste is identical with the amount of adsorbent material introduced during the same span of time into the mill in the form of grist. Therefore, one can continuously determine the amount of adsorption particles in the finished product by continuously measuring the amount of the replenishment of adsorbent grist.Suitable grist of adsorbent material includes magnesium silicate, such as sepiolite; diatomite, zeolite, verniculite or hard ceramic such as porcelain. In addition, pebble flint can be used as a grist of adsorbent material.Suitable grist of nonadsorbent material include glass, steel, molybdenum and corundum.A stirrer crushing mill for the production of a paste with additives which can be formed into a smokable material comprises a stationary grinding chamber in which the grinding stock is interfused by a rotating stirrer propelled by an external drive and which extends lengthwise in the direction of the axis of the stirrer and crosswise so that its cross-section is circular. The chamber is provided with an outlet at the other end and contains a sieve for the paste. Said mill is characterized in accordance with the invention in that the grinding container is closed at its inlet end by a removable cover and in that at least one supply conduit for the powder and one for the liquid communicate with the grinding chamber close to the cover. With respect to the direction of rotation, the conduits are located close behind one another and in a restricted axial range with the supply conduit for the liquid located ahead of the supply conduit for the powder.If the grinding is to be carried out with the addition of grist, an additional supply conduit for the grist replenishment is provided close to the cover and communicates with the grinding chamber.The crushing mill can be opened by removing the cover for cleaning and maintenance purpose without hindrance by supply conduits. The inlet conduits are located far from the outlet so that the grinding stock must pass through the entire grinding chamber. The supply nozzles admit the constituents of paste into an area where the grinding stock is thoroughly stirred by the rotating stirrer which is advantageous because in this manner the newly introduced liquid is conveyed quickly to the point where it is needed, that is to say, the point where the dry powder or the grist replenishment enters the chamber. In addition, fresh grinding stock which is introduced into the chamber is quickly transported away from the inlet nozzle with thorough stirring of the grist so that room is made for introduction of fresh grinding stock and stoppage at this point is avoided.These and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon perusal of the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, for purposes of illustration only, and embodiment of apparatus which can be utilized for the practice of our process.

Description

Claims

1. A process for the production of a paste which is to be converted into a smokable material, comprising the steps of continuously admitting pulverized plant parts and a liquid into one end of an elongated comminuting chamber at such a rate that the chamber is constantly filled to capacity, said admitting step comprising introducing the plant parts and liquid along separte paths but in close proximity to each other to insure thorough moistening of plant parts immediately after entry into the chamber; stirring the contents of the chamber and simultaneously comminuting the plant parts to thus convert the comminuted plant parts and the liquid into paste; and evacuating the paste at the other end of the chamber.

2. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein said stirring step includes moving the contents of the chamber in a predetermined direction, the locus of admission of liquid into said chamber being disposed ahead of the locus of admission of pulverized plant parts, as considered in said direction.

3. A process as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of admitting into said one end of said chamber particles of grist consisting of a material which, when present in the smokable material, is not injurious to the health of a smoker, the locus of admission of said particles of grist being closely adjacent the locus of admission of the liquid, said comminuting step including reducing the size of said particles by removing portions of such particles and said stirring step including intimately mixing the removed portions of said particles with other components of the contents of said chamber.

4. A process as defined in claim 3, further comprising the steps of monitoring the resistance which the contents of said chamber offer to stirring and regulating the rate of admission of grist as a function of variations of said resistance.

5. A process as defined in claim 1, further comprising the step of monitoring the viscosity of paste which issues from said chamber and regulating the rate of admission of liquid as a function of variations of said viscosity.

6. A continuous process for the production of a paste which is convertible into smokable material, comprising the steps of mixing a liquid, pulverized plant parts, particles of grist consisting of non-flammable adsorbent material and particles of nonadsorbent grist; simultaneously comminuting the pulverized plant parts and the adsorbent and nonadsorbent particles of grist to thus convert the mixture into a paste which contains comminuted plant parts and comminuted adsorbent and nonadsorbent particles of grist; monitoring the resistance which the mixture offers to stirring; regulating the combined quantity of added adsorbent and nonadsorbent particles of grist as a function of variations in said resistance; and maintaining the ratio of comminuted adsorbent particles of grist in the paste within a predetermined range.