Patent Application
20250000027
The invention belongs to the agricultural sector, in the harvesting and collection of fruits from trees or bushes. More specifically, it belongs to the sector of devices for shaking trees or bushes, or for capturing the fruits that are knocked down with these devices.
The object of the invention is an accessory for continuously collecting fruits from trees and bushes using a high-frequency vibration on their trunk.
The invention must be installed on a structure or machine capable of moving astride over the trees, such as for example the multipurpose machine for cultivating trees described in document ES1265465U by the same applicant; so that while the machine bearing this device moves forward continuously, leaving the trees below it, the vibration device will subject the trunk of the trees to an oscillation with a certain wave frequency and amplitude that will cause the ripe fruits to fall on trays or collection belts, all of this continuously, that is, without stopping the forward movement of the machine.
Fruits from trees and bushes are usually collected in a highly manual way, using very old techniques. In intensive crops of olives, almonds, pistachios or citrus fruits, blankets are spread on the ground or a type of inverted umbrella is placed under the trees and they are vibrated with mechanical harvesters or clamp-type vibration devices. Existing agricultural tractors that bear the vibrating clamp on a deployable arm are designed to work on tree crops along the sides, that is, the tractors move parallel to the line formed by the trees and consequently the vibrating clamp holds the tree at the side.
The process of collecting the fruits from the tree in the current art involves deploying the umbrella or blanket under each tree and then placing the vibrating clamp in front of the trunk, moving the tractor or vehicle bearing it forward up to its height, the clamp reaching the tree, fixing it on the same and vibrating so that the fruits fall onto the tarps or into the collection umbrella. Afterwards, the clamp must release the tree, it must retract, the tractor moved forward, the blanket or umbrella with the fallen fruits removed and then placed again under the next tree. This is the reason why these collection methods are inefficient and have led to the existence of other attempts to achieve continuous collection, that is, where the vibrating machine does not stop until the row of trees to be harvested ends. Some of the following developments can be highlighted:
Document U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,861 describes a mechanical shaker that acts on a row for continuously harvesting horticultural crops and has two oscillating sway bars that vibrate the crops as it moves forward.
Document FR2281056A1 describes a machine hinged on a self-propelled vehicle that is astride by means of supports that are equidistant from the frame of the vehicle. The collecting portion of the machine consists of a horizontal crossbar and two vertical arms, each of which has a set of belts at the bottom that together form large jaws. The contact belts run on rollers and are driven by hydraulic motors in the opposite direction to that in which the machine moves and at a speed related to the speed of the tractor, so that as the machine moves forward straddling the rows of fruit trees, the belts transmit the vibration to the plant, shaking the fruit from the tree.
Document ES2630833 describes a fruit collecting machine made up of two inverted U-shaped gantries, which form an “M” shape when collapsed, which have respective longitudinal frames at the bottom that are located on both sides of the tree when the machine runs astride over the same. On one of the sides, it has a vibrating clamp that, after holding the tree, moves along longitudinal guides, following a predetermined travel in the opposite direction to the movement of the machine, so that this movement occurs in synchrony with the machine, in order for the vibrator to remain in a static position relative to the tree to which it is applied for a period of time established by a timing device associated with said vibrator. This machine achieves a productivity of about 5 bushes/minute, for example when harvesting almond trees, which already represents significant progress; however, it is still a long way from achieving the productivity demanded by large tracts of land planted with almond trees, pistachio trees, olive trees, etc.
Another problem that has been observed in the aforementioned machines is that the vibrating clamp is located at a specific height and, in all cases, it is a conventional clamp with regards to the fact that its jaws open in unison, uniformly separating from the central axis, and the motor causing the vibration is fixed above the clamp. This raises two problems: On the one hand, when the bushes are planted on ridges, as the machine runs along the side rows at a lower level, the clamp either cannot reach the trunk of the tree or it does so at such a low level that it is not appropriate to vibrate the tree at this height due to the possible impact on its roots. However, when it comes to bushes that have very low branching, the clamp holds said bushes above the node, which is also not suitable for the tree nor for achieving effective fruit fall. The second problem is that the vibrating motor usually hits the branches of the bushes (almond or pistachio trees) due to its position above the vibrating clamp, in some cases preventing the tree from being held or from holding it effectively.
Moreover, the machine described in document ES2630833 has bands below its single vibrating clamp that make up a tray or collection belt for the fruits that have fallen from the tree due to vibration. Therefore, these fruits fall on top of the vibration clamp and its entire mechanism, whereby some of them split, while others contribute to clogging this mechanism to a certain extent.
Based on the prior art, and in order to achieve the proposed objectives mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a continuous vibration device for collecting fruits from trees and bushes, which has the features of claim 1.
The continuous vibration device for collecting fruits object of the invention has the special feature that it comprises two frames that are mounted in parallel on both sides of the line of trees or bushes to be harvested, in a machine or implement capable of moving astride above said line of trees or bushes. These frames are placed facing each other so that both can work in unison on the same crop line, each of them vibrating alternate trees, so that at least the productivity of any previous machine existing in the prior state is doubled.
In order to vibrate the trees, each of said frames comprises: at least one longitudinal guide along which skids move for conveying a trolley that bears a vibration clamp, which makes successive passes from the more forward area relative to the machine or implement on which this device is installed, where it waits for the next tree to be vibrated, holds it when it reaches its height due to the forward movement of the machine, vibrates it and, before the tree leaves the space between the longitudinal guides of both frames, releases it and returns to the more forward position to vibrate the next tree, which is not the one following the tree that was just vibrated, since the vibration clamp of the frame placed in front was already in charge of carrying out this task and therefore both clamps alternate in vibration, for which their movements are not synchronised.
To achieve the longitudinal movement of each clamp, a trolley has been provided, which moves along a longitudinal guide alternately from a forward position relative to the movement of the machine or implement on which this device is mounted to another more rearward position. For its part, each vibration clamp fixed on the corresponding trolley comprises a vibration drive motor and opening and closing means for opening and closing two jaws completely independently of each other, so that it is possible, for example, for the more rearward jaw with respect to the forward direction of the machine to close first, waiting for the tree to be vibrated to collide with it before the second more forward jaw closes, or opening both while the trolley returns to the forward position of the linear guide on which it moves.
Another feature of the invention is that each of the trolleys has its own drive motor for its movement along the longitudinal guide; so that the motor only operates to move the trolley forward to the more forward position until the clamp holds the tree that must be vibrated, this, together with the movement of the machine, being that which makes the trolley move backward in a completely free manner to avoid any stress on the device or on the tree.
To enable the simultaneous operation of two vibration clamps, holding or even vibrating two consecutive trees at a given time, it was necessary to develop clamps that were substantially different from the conventional ones that open along their axis simultaneously until forming an approximately 90° angle. The clamps of the invention have two jaws that are driven by respective cylinders and are hinged on the structure of the clamp so that both jaws close and open completely independently, with either of them being aligned and parallel to the line of trees to be harvested when open, and in a position perpendicular to the crop line when closed. Thus, while one clamp is closed holding a tree, the other clamp, for example, is completely open and moving forward to the more forward portion in order to hold the next tree in the crop line.
According to another important feature of the present invention, there is no probe and in order to detect that the machine has reached the height of the next tree to be vibrated, it is envisaged that first the more rearward jaw with respect to the forward direction of the machine in a closed position, so that a sensor detects when the tree strikes it. This sensor can be located on the clamp itself, or on the guide along which the trolley moves in order to detect when said trolley has moved, at which time a control device orders the other more forward jaw to close in order to trap the tree between both jaws of the clamp, which is located in front at that time.
This device allows trees and bushes to be vibrated continuously and without stopping. Its speed will depend on the speed of movement of the machine or implement on which it is installed; in principle, it could be twice that of a conventional machine, but as there is assurance that all the trees have to strike the clamp to carry out the cycle, this speed can be even higher and, moreover, it does not have to be constant and can vary depending on the environment of the terrain. In a first prototype that is being tested, this device reached a productivity of about 12 bushes/minute when harvesting almond trees, but we are sure that it can reach the figure of 18 bushes or more per minute in the short term.
Another feature of the invention lies in the fact that, since the vibrating clamps are no higher than the clamp itself, since their motor is mounted horizontally and does not protrude upward, the bands on which the harvested fruits are collected are placed above the device, whereby the fruits do not interfere with its operation nor are they split or crushed against the moving components of this device, and in practice all the fruits knocked down from the tree are collected and are in perfect condition, which also contributes to the increase in crop productivity.
As already mentioned, this device can be used on any machine or implement that is capable of moving astride above the line of trees or bushes to be harvested; however, the machine described in document ES1265465U by the same applicant is ideal for attaching this device to the same, since in the lower portion trays for collecting fruits that have fallen from the tree or belts transporting them to an independent auxiliary trailer can be attached on both sides.
As described in the present invention, it also relates to a method for harvesting the fruits from trees and bushes by means of a vibration device that works continuously, and said harvesting method is also novel and non-obvious to those skilled in the art, or at least it has not been used until now. This method logically resorts to vibrating the trees by means of vibrating clamps and also to having said vibrating clamps work continuously; however, it is the first known reference to two vibrating clamps, working in unison or not, that operate on both sides of the line of trees to be harvested and that vibrate alternate trees in said crop line. This method increases harvest productivity by at least 100% compared to equipment or machines that operate only on one side of the crop line.
As mentioned, the vibration of the trees by both clamps at some point can be performed simultaneously by both vibrating clamps, or it can be performed alternately by one vibrating clamp or the other. This will depend on the length along which said vibrating clamps can move and the forward speed of the machine bearing the device of the invention.
As a complement to the description provided herein, and for the purpose of helping to make the features of the invention more readily understandable, the present specification is accompanied by a set of drawings which, by way of illustration and not limitation, represent the following:
As shown in
The clamp (5) also has the peculiarity that the jaws (16) have independent movements, so that each jaw (16) can open or close separately in order to wait for the tree and be able to start the vibration. The jaws are driven by a system of connecting rods moved by a hydraulic cylinder (12, 13), in such a way that the rear jaw can turn by closing at 90°, perpendicular to the line of trees to be harvested, so that it can trap the tree when the machine bearing this device moves forward, and then the more forward jaw closes to hold the tree and start the vibration. Both jaws (16) are opened and aligned, forming an approximate angle of 180° to allow the more rearward clamp to move forward until it passes the other clamp that is vibrating a tree in order to be placed in a waiting position for the next tree in the crop line.
To perform the vibration, one of the jaws incorporates a motor (15) that drives eccentric masses also located on the inside of one of the jaws (16). The frequency of this vibration can be adjusted in speed, weight and rotation inversion, depending on the fruit to be collected. As shown in
In
The point of travel of the clamp (5) at which it must stop vibrating the tree and open its jaws (16) can be established by means of a limit switch placed on the corresponding guide (3) or by programming based on the time elapsed in the movement.
Finally,
The vibration sequence is shown in
Since the forward movement of the device is continuous, the clamp (P1) remains holding the tree (A1) and vibrating it until said tree leaves the space of the device, while the clamp (P2) that already reached the more forward position first closes its more rearward jaw (M1) and once the second tree (A2) strikes it, the more forward jaw (M2) closes on it and begins to vibrate it. (See
When the first clamp (P1) reaches the end of its travel, it opens and releases the tree (A1) that had brought it there while it vibrated said tree. For its part, the second clamp (P2) continues to accompany and vibrate the second tree (A2). (
Next, the first clamp (P1), with its jaws (M1, M2) open, moves to the forward portion of the device, while the second clamp (P2) continues vibrating the tree (A2) (See
This cycle repeats itself indefinitely, without a single tree to be vibrated remaining in the crop line. Depending on the planting pattern, it will be necessary to adjust the return speed of both clamps (P1, P2) so that they do not collide with each other, since the forward speed while they vibrate the corresponding tree is equal to the forward speed of the device or the machine that supports it. The sensors (20) measure the position of the two clamps at all times and if they enter the impact area, the device would open both clamps and, if necessary, it would stop.
Having described the nature of the invention, as well as a preferred exemplary embodiment, it is obvious that the invention is industrially applicable in the indicated sector.
Likewise, it is hereby stated for all appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size, and arrangement of the described elements can be modified, provided that this does not entail altering the essential features of the invention claimed below:
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2021/070789 | 11/3/2021 | WO |
