The present invention relates to ICF (Insulated Concrete Form) building technology.
Concrete is a compound material made of sand, gravel and cement. The cement is a mixture of various minerals which, when combined with water, hydrate and harden, binding the sand and gravel into a solid mass. The oldest known concrete was found in the former Yugoslavia and is thought to date from approximately 5600 BC. An ongoing lineage of subsequent concrete users included the Egyptians around 2500 BC, followed by the Romans, around 300 BC. Indeed, it is from the Roman words “caementum” meaning a rough stone and “concretus” meaning grown together, that we have obtained the names for these two common materials.
The development of concrete took a further leap forward in the early 1800's with the use of embedded steel reinforcement bars, now popularly known as “rebar”. Further advances lead to improved composition and hydration techniques, resulting in such impressive and massive structures as the Hoover Dam. One of the most innovative of recent advances in concrete technology involves the use of Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF).
The term “ICF” is an acronym for an Insulating Concrete Form. ICF's are hollow forms comprised of expanded polystyrene (EPS), an innovative building material that lends to the design and structural integrity of many building projects. ICF's are erected at the construction site, filled with four to twelve inches of reinforced concrete, and left in place after the concrete cures. Requiring little maintenance, naturally resistant to fires and other natural disasters, ICF structures are durable, quiet and comfortable.
As is characteristic of many rapidly developing technologies, ICF construction tools and techniques still have many limitations to overcome. In practice, ICF components have been largely restricted to either vertical or horizontal placement configurations such as vertical walls and flat roofs. ICF technology has not been optimized for tilted configurations such as angled roofs.
The present invention allows for the possibility of retaining a system of reusable ICF molds in any position under the pressures of hydraulic concrete regardless of the system's location or angled configuration.
Currently, ICF's simply serve to contain the liquid concrete between two opposing, connected sides of a flat and permanent mold. Their purpose is to confine the fluid concrete and add insulation to the hardened building wall. The permanent position of the mold negates the possibility of being visually inspected for quality or for exploiting its aesthetic potential for shape. Furthermore, the ICF panels of the current art are designed only for vertical stacking and vertical positioning.
The design of the present invention may be positioned at any angle by providing a load path for the imposing hydraulic forces generated by liquid flowing concrete. These forces are directed, or transferred from the mold to the opposite supporting side of the structure. Because the mold is designed for only temporary support, it can be removed once the concrete has hardened. This opens up new possibilities for use. In particular, the contacting surface of the mold can be shaped. Consequently, the complementary contacting concrete surface will retain a relief of the mold shape once it is removed. Using this mold system, the concrete can take on the appearance of rocks, slate, wood shake and shingles, mission tiles, etc., virtually any topology that can be accommodated by a two dimensional surface. The mold and its interconnecting pieces can be re-used again and again. Moreover, the mold is attached to the base by means of threaded connections which remain after removal of the mold, thereby providing potential points of attachment for other building components such as structural cross members, shelves, etc.
Other applications of the prior art involve the use of EPS (expanded polystyrene) in flat decking or flooring structures. These design configurations exploit void volumes containing reinforcing steel. When such volumes are filled by concrete, the result is a beam shape capable of supporting loads spanning unsupported distances. These “poured-in-place”, generally horizontal structures may also be lifted and relocated to a vertical wall position after hardening.
The design of the present invention attaches to a prior art EPS base and contains the liquid concrete so that that it can be poured, or pumped, at any angle. Furthermore, the temporary function of the mold, together with its containment ability, allows the concrete to be shaped as part of the placement and curing process.
Clear viewing windows or portals are manufactured in the mold to allow for the observation of the concrete during placement. Although the mechanical connection of the mold to the prior art flooring/decking substructure system allows the possibility for sloping, vertical, horizontal, or inverted positions to serve as roofs, walls, or bottom sides of poured concrete structures, it is nevertheless important to retain the capability of monitoring the progress of the concrete pour as it is taking place. The viewing portals serve this function.
Commonly called “poured-in-place” concrete structures, plywood and supporting wood framing are also used to constrain the liquid concrete from movement during hardening, and to support reinforcing members placed within the concrete. These temporary wood structures are removed after hardening, leaving the surface of the concrete flat and unshaped. The invention disclosed herein is designed to attach to a supporting plywood surface, and to replace the opposing side of the plywood forming structure. The shaped mold will produce shaped contours on the surface of the vertical, or tilted, concrete structure.
Wood framed building structures commonly use plywood as the supporting material for roof finish material. The replacement of the roof material requires exposure of the plywood surface for structural integrity observations. The present invention is intended to promote the use of lightweight concrete mixtures, shaped by the mold surface, to replace outdated, deteriorated, traditional roofing materials.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a shaped mold system for concrete to be used in conjunction with existing ICF wall or flooring/decking components and is easily used by untrained workers.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a shaped mold system to be used in conjunction with existing building system components that is removable and reusable.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a shaped mold system component to be used in conjunction with existing building structures and their components, or newly constructed ICF or traditional construction practices enabling concrete mixtures to be poured, pumped, or otherwise placed and cured at any angle or location.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a shaped mold system to be used in conjunction with a variety of prior arts that enables at least one surface of the concrete to be shaped.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a shaped mold system component to be used in conjunction with existing components that provides a surface of sufficient structural integrity for supporting construction workers and the loads of related materials and equipment.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a system of components that will allow mechanical threaded connections for attachment of building components after the mold assembly is removed.
The above objects and advantages of the present invention are accomplished by a removable mold assembly for use with existing insulating concrete form components. The assembly comprises a fixed base component, a removable upper component, and constraining side members forming a concrete fillable volume therebetween. The fixed base component accommodates a plurality of lower securement members and the removable upper component accommodates a plurality of upper securement members. The upper securement members are adapted to engage the lower securement members to form a plurality of reinforcement posts within the concrete-fillable volume. The removable upper component has an inside surface and an outside surface with respect to the concrete-fillable volume. The inside surface has a textured topology operable for imparting its shape to concrete curing within the concrete-fillable volume.
The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. However, the invention itself, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof may best be understood by reference to the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The definitions below serve to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope given to such terms.
The term “rebar”, as used herein, refers to a steel rod that commonly functions as a supplemental alignment and support component.
The term “ICF”, as used herein, is an acronym for an Insulating Concrete Form such as is sold under the tradename “Quadlock”. An ICF essentially provides all or part of the containing surfaces of a volume to be filled with concrete. The surfaces are lined with insulating styrofoam, as the term suggests.
The term “steel wire reinforcement mesh”, as used herein, comprises a set of crossed wires arranged in a grid pattern. A 6″×6″ square pattern of #8 wire is one choice commonly used in the industry.
A cross section of the mold system (10) in an unassembled configuration is shown in
The non-removable base component (13), illustrated in plan view in
A candidate lower securement member (15), shown in more detail in
An example of a candidate upper securement member (14) is shown in
The purpose of other details depicted in
The bracket (40) is essentially comprised of a spine (41) from which a plurality of tongue pairs (42) outcrop. Each tongue pair (42) has a bracket notch (43) that slideably engages with a notch (53) cut into the bolt shaft (52) of the upper securement member (14) as indicated in
In the assembled position, the bracket (16) and mated upper (14) and lower (15) securement members provide structural integrity to the entire mold system. Workers and equipment can be maneuvered on the upper surface of the removable mold component (31) without compromising any structures underneath.
The separator plate, (83), is shown in more detail in
A specialized application of the system is shown in
The elements of the present invention accommodate the interruption in the base support structure due to the I-Beam void by using an abbreviated version (103) of the lower securement member shown in
The invention as described herein provides a shaped mold system to be used in conjunction with existing ICF wall or flooring/decking components that enables concrete mixtures to be poured, pumped, or otherwise placed and cured at any angle or location. Unlike prior art systems, wherein the concrete is either poured flat or is sandwiched between two permanent surfaces, at least one surface of the poured concrete is constrained by a removable surface (30) that transfers its shape to the curing concrete. A multitude of possibilities for aesthetic treatment of the exposed concrete surface can then be realized.
More particularly, the non-removable base (13), provided by prior art components, can be easily modified to accommodate the lower securement members (15). The removable mold component (12), provided by this invention, attaches to the non-removable base (13) by means of the upper (14) and lower (15) securement members. This allows the system to be easily assembled and disassembled by untrained workers.
Other objectives met by this invention include threaded acceptor sites (66) remaining behind after disassembly that can either be plugged or provide support for subsequent re-attachment to other structural cross members, shelving, etc. A mold reinforcement bracket (16), an integral part of the removable mold component (12), provides a surface of sufficient structural integrity for supporting construction workers and the loads of related materials and equipment. In addition, the removable mold component (12) can be used time and again, resulting in significant cost savings for the builder.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the particular shape of the mold reinforcement bracket (16) and its method of incorporation into the removable mold component (12) can take on a variety of forms. The essential idea is to exploit the useable upper surface of the removable mold component (12) by providing a work platform for personnel and equipment. Attachment means between the removable mold component (12) and the non-removable base component (13) can be attained by using non-threaded couplings, for example. Such a connection may facilitate faster assembly and disassembly. In a similar vein, the shape, placement, and frequency of the viewing ports can be easily re-designed to meet any set of specifications. All of the above are examples of ideas that depart from the literal recitation, but not the spirit, of the invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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3292893 | Williams | Dec 1966 | A |
3307822 | Stout | Mar 1967 | A |
3954377 | Scholz et al. | May 1976 | A |
4889310 | Boeshart | Dec 1989 | A |
5809725 | Cretti | Sep 1998 | A |
Number | Date | Country |
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10292624 | Nov 1998 | JP |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20070051865 A1 | Mar 2007 | US |