Hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and natural gas are obtained from a subterranean geologic formation, referred to as a reservoir, by drilling a well that penetrates the hydrocarbon-bearing formation. After a wellbore is drilled, various types of well completion components are installed in the well to control fluid production and to enhance the efficiency of producing the hydrocarbon fluids from the reservoir. Various tools and work strings are used to properly install and position the well completion components.
In general, the present disclosure provides a system and method to facilitate conveyance of a tool, e.g. a downhole completion or completion component, via a tool string. The tool string comprises a contraction joint which may be used to facilitate alignment of devices downhole. In some applications, the contraction joint may be designed to contract if the tool incurs substantial axial loading by, for example, hitting an obstruction as it moves downhole along a wellbore. The contraction joint may comprise an outer housing and a mandrel slidably received in the outer housing. The contraction joint also comprises a resettable locking member which selectively releases the mandrel with respect to the outer housing to contract the contraction joint when placed under sufficient axial loading.
However, many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
Certain embodiments of the disclosure will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements. It should be understood, however, that the accompanying figures illustrate the various implementations described herein and are not meant to limit the scope of various technologies described herein, and:
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the system and/or methodology may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
The present disclosure generally involves a system and methodology to facilitate conveyance of a tool in an environment in which the tool may meet obstructions or other elements that cause relatively high axial loading. For example, the system and methodology may be utilized with well strings, such as tool strings used to deploy completions and/or other equipment downhole in a wellbore. In such an application, the tool string comprises a contraction joint designed to contract if the tool incurs substantial axial loading as it moves downhole along a wellbore. If, for example, the completion or other tool is run in hole and encounters an obstruction in the wellbore, the contraction joint is designed to contract under the resulting axial loads which often are substantially higher than the normal axial loading incurred while running in hole. The contraction joint also may be used in aligning devices downhole. For example, a well string may be latched at a first position to properly place a desired tool, and then the contraction joint may he contracted to precisely place another tool at a different location along the wellbore.
The contraction joint may comprise a variety of configurations. By way of example, the contraction joint may comprise an outer housing and a mandrel slidably received in the outer housing. In this example, the contraction joint also has a resettable locking member which selectively releases the mandrel with respect to the outer housing to contract the contraction joint when under sufficient axial loading. Subsequently, the contraction joint may be reset to its normal, extended operational configuration by applying a pulling force to cause relative extension between the mandrel and the outer housing.
In embodiments utilizing the internal mandrel and the corresponding outer housing, relative axial movement is resisted by the resettable locking member until sufficient force is applied in an axial direction to cause release of the resettable locking member and contraction of the overall contraction joint. The contraction joint may be repeatedly relocked/reset following contraction without pulling the tool out of the hole to reset the contraction joint at the surface. By way of example, the contraction joint may be reset by pulling on the tool string to cause relative shifting of the mandrel and outer housing until the contraction joint is extended and reset in its normal operating position. After resetting the contraction joint, the running in hole of the tool string may be continued without pulling the system back to the surface.
In some embodiments, the resettable locking member comprises a collet which interacts with a contraction joint mandrel and housing. In other embodiments, the resettable locking member comprises a shiftable bearing member, e.g. a bearing ball or a plurality of bearing balls, positioned to transfer axial thrust loads between the mandrel and the outer housing. In this latter example, a spring member, such as a split ring (e.g. a C-ring) may be used to releasably hold the bearing balls in place. When a sufficient axial force is applied, the spring member is flexed so as to release the balls and to thus allow the mandrel to slide relative to the outer housing and contract the contraction joint. Conversely, pulling apart the mandrel and the outer housing moves the bearing balls until they snap back into their recess positions and lock the contraction joint in the original, extended position.
Referring generally to
In the example of
The contraction joint 32 is designed to contract in a longitudinal direction in the event an axially directed force of a sufficient magnitude acts on the contraction joint 32, as indicated by arrows 34. By way of example, the axially directed contraction force 34 may be caused intentionally to align or actuate devices, or the force may be caused by engagement of the tool 26 with an obstruction in wellbore 24 during conveyance of the tool 26 to a predetermined wellbore location. Once the obstruction is removed or the situation is otherwise resolved, the contraction joint 32 is designed to allow resetting/relocking of the joint at its original, longitudinally extended position.
As indicated by arrow 36, an expansion force, e.g. an axially directed separation force, may be applied to contraction joint 32 to longitudinally extend or expand the contraction joint. In some applications, a lifting force may be applied to conveyance 28 until the contraction joint 32 is sufficiently extended to snap back into (or otherwise reset at) its original, extended position. When in the extended position, the contraction joint 32 is designed to handle the normal axial loads incurred during deployment of tool 26. However, if another obstruction or other occurrence causes elevated axial loading 34 beyond a given threshold, the contraction joint 32 is designed to again contract. The contraction joint 32 is designed to enable repeated cycles of contraction followed by resetting/relocking of the contraction joint 32 in the extended position used during normal deployment operations.
Referring generally to
In some applications, outer housing 38 may be in the form of a spline sub having splines 56, as best illustrated in
The contraction joint 32 further comprises a resettable locking member 60 which is designed to selectively release the mandrel 40 with respect to the outer housing 38 in a manner which enables contraction of the contraction joint 32 under sufficient axial loading. The resettable locking member 60 also is designed to reset/relock the mandrel 40 with respect to the outer housing 38 in an original extended position following the contraction. For example, after contraction of contraction joint 32, sufficient expansion of the contraction joint 32 to the position illustrated in
With added reference to
In the embodiment illustrated in
As best illustrated in
If tool 26 engages an obstruction or if another event occurs which causes axial loading of the contraction joint 32 beyond a predetermined threshold, the resettable locking member 60 is designed to release and to allow contraction of contraction joint 32. In the embodiment illustrated, the recess 64 is designed to release balls 62 upon the sufficient axial loading. As illustrated best in
Once the balls 62 are released, the mandrel 40 is able to slide within outer housing 38, as indicated by arrows 80 in
After addressing the issue, e.g. obstruction, which caused the increased axial loading, the contraction joint 32 may be reset and relocked in its normal, extended operational position. Similarly, the contraction joint may be reset after using the joint to align devices, e.g. inductive coupler devices, at downhole locations, as described in greater detail below. To reset, an axially directed expansion force is applied between the mandrel 40 and the outer housing 38, as indicated by arrows 82 in
Referring generally to
In some applications, outer housing 38 may comprise the spline sub having splines 56, as best illustrated in
This embodiment of contraction joint 32 further comprises resettable locking member 60 which is designed to selectively release the mandrel 40 with respect to the outer housing 38 in a manner which enables contraction of the contraction joint 32 under sufficient axial loading (see
As best illustrated in
In the illustrated embodiment, contraction joint 32 may comprise a variety of other features depending on the applications for which it is designed. For example, a shear member 92, such as a plurality of shear pins, may initially be deployed between outer housing 38 and mandrel 40 to resist the initial contraction of contraction joint 32. The shear member 92 may aid in running the well string downhole into a wellbore without inadvertently causing contraction of the contraction joint 32. Additionally, a seal 94, such as a seal stack, may be positioned between the outer housing 38 and mandrel 40 to maintain sealing engagement.
Referring generally to
In an operational example, the well string 22 comprises a first latch mechanism 106 positioned downhole or below contraction joint 32. The well string 22 also comprises a second latch mechanism 108 positioned uphole or above contraction joint 32. It should be noted that downhole/below means a greater distance along the wellbore 24 than the contraction joint 32 and uphole/above means a lesser distance along the wellbore than the contraction joint 32. Thus, the relative orientation is clear regardless of whether the operation is performed in a vertical or deviated wellbore.
In this example, the well string 22 is run downhole into wellbore 24 until first latch mechanism 106 engages a lower latch 110 to provide proper alignment of first device 96. If first device 96 comprises an inductive coupler, for example, the internal coupler 104 of the first device is brought into proper alignment with the external coupler 100 to enable proper communication of signals therebetween. Once first latch mechanism 106 is latched, loading placed on well string 22 causes release and contraction of contraction joint 32. Continued contraction of joint 32 occurs until second latch mechanism 108 engages an upper latch 112 to provide proper alignment of second device 98. Again, if second device 98 comprises an inductive coupler, the internal coupler 104 of the second device is brought into proper alignment with the external coupler 100 to enable proper communication of signals therebetween.
However, instead of utilizing mechanical latches, the lower and upper mechanisms 110, 112 may be replaced by or may utilize a variety of other types of alignment techniques. For example, electrical, optical, mechanical, and various combinations of techniques may be employed to properly align first device 96 and second device 98. When first device 96 and second device 98 are the form of inductive couplers, for example, the inductive couplers 96, 98 may be used to provide feedback. In this type of technique, the inductive couplers 96 and/or 98 output a signal when the internal coupler 104 is aligned with the external coupler 100 of each inductive coupler. Based on the feedback signal, proper alignment of both devices may be confirmed upon sufficient contraction of contraction joint 32.
In other applications, additional electrical and/or optical sensors also may be employed to determine and verify proper alignment of devices 96, 98. In some examples, combinations of techniques may be employed to establish the desired alignment. For example, lower latch 110 may be employed to properly align device 96, and the upper inductive coupler 98 may be designed to output a feedback signal indicating proper alignment of the internal coupler 104 with the corresponding upper external coupler 100. Various other techniques, sensors, combinations of sensors and latches, and other suitable alignment techniques may be employed downhole to establish the proper alignment of first device 96 and/or second device 98 through the operation of contraction joint 32. Additionally, the inductive coupler signals and/or sensor signals may be transmitted uphole via several telemetry techniques, including electrical transmission, optical transmission, pulse transmission, acoustic transmission, combinations of techniques, and other suitable telemetry techniques.
In many applications, contraction joint 32 is relatively long to enable substantial lineal adjustment with respect to the position of the second device 98 in achieving the desired alignment. By way of example, the contraction joint may be designed to allow several feet of contraction, e.g. 15-25 feet of contraction. This facilitates alignment of devices 96, 98 within small tolerances even if the devices 96, 98 are separated by substantial distances, e.g. separated by 3000 feet or more. The contraction joint 32 readily allows for alignment of the second/upper device 98 after landing of the first device 96. In the inductive coupler embodiment, for example, the lower coupler/device 96 may be initially landed in completion 102 of a lateral wellbore, and contraction of contraction joint 32 enables subsequent alignment of the upper coupler/device 98 at the front of the lateral wellbore 24 (or even in the motherbore portion of wellbore) within precise tolerance limits.
Depending on the specifics of a given wellbore operation, well string 22 may comprise a variety of other or additional components, such as one or more packers 114 which may be used to create seals between work string 22 and the surrounding completion 102 at desired locations along the completion. Additionally, the portions of well string 22 below contraction joint 32 and above contraction joint 32 may be landed in a variety of devices. Latches 110, 112 also may comprise a variety of features, including locators, collets, and/or other features to facilitate landing of the well string 22.
Additionally, the contraction joint 32 may be used in many types of tool strings, including well strings and non-well related strings susceptible to deleterious axial loading. Depending on the parameters of a given application, the contraction joint 32 may comprise a variety of components and arrangements of components. For example, the retention member 62 may be in the form of an individual ball, a plurality of balls, or other types of suitable retention members. Other examples of retention members include cylinders, disks, pins, or other types of retention members that can be selectively moved upon sufficient axial loading. Similarly, spring member 70 may comprise a variety of individual springs associated with individual retention members or a variety of collective springs which act against a plurality of retention members, e.g. split-ring 72 acting against a plurality of airing balls.
Additionally, the overall structure of the contraction joint may have several configurations depending on the parameters of a given application. For example, various components may be reversed with respect to the mandrel and the outer housing. The mandrel and/or the outer housing also may have a variety of forms, configurations, and lengths depending on the specific application. The materials used in forming the components may be adjusted according to environmental factors or other parameters. The axial loading sufficient to cause contraction of the contraction joint also can be adjusted to accommodate the various expected loads during a given operation.
Although a few embodiments of the disclosure have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
The present document is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.: 61/596,278, filed Feb. 8, 2012, incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61596278 | Feb 2012 | US |