Patent Application
20080264059
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-116260 filed on Apr. 25, 2007 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a control apparatus and a control method for a negative pressure generating apparatus. More specifically, the invention relates to a control apparatus and a control method for a negative pressure generating apparatus, which make an ejector function based on a negative pressure to be taken from an intake passage.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a vehicle, an ejector is used to supply a negative pressure whose magnitude is larger than that of a negative pressure to be taken from an intake passage (for example, an intake manifold or a surge tank) in an intake system for an internal combustion engine, to a negative pressure operating device such as a brake booster (hereinafter, the negative pressure to be taken from the intake passage may be referred to as “intake pipe negative pressure”). The above-described ejector is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-297654 (JP-A-2005-297654).
If the ejector is used, for example, when the magnitude of the intake pipe negative pressure is decreased, the negative pressure whose magnitude is larger than that of the intake pipe negative pressure can be supplied to the brake booster. Therefore, it is possible to ensure brake performance to some extent. However, in reality, the required level of brake performance considerably varies depending on the state of a vehicle. More specifically, for example, when a vehicle speed is high, the required level of brake performance is high. Therefore, when the ejector is used based on the result of a comparison between the intake pipe negative pressure and a predetermined value, and the predetermined value is a fixed constant value, a desired level of brake performance may not be ensured, depending on the operating state of the vehicle.
The invention provides a control apparatus and a control method for a negative pressure generating apparatus, which ensure a required level of brake performance.
A first aspect of the invention relates to a control apparatus for a negative pressure generating apparatus. The control apparatus includes an ejector that generates a negative pressure whose magnitude is larger than that of a negative pressure to be taken from an intake passage in an intake system for an internal combustion engine provided in a vehicle; a state change device that makes the ejector function or stop functioning based on a result of a comparison between the negative pressure to be taken from the intake passage and a predetermined value; and a predetermined value change device that changes a predetermined value according to an operating state of the vehicle. More specifically, the operating state of the vehicle changes the required level of brake performance. According to the above-described aspect, because the predetermined value is changed according to the operating state of the vehicle, it is possible to appropriately ensure the required level of brake performance.
The negative pressure to be taken from the intake passage may be indicated by a negative value, and the negative value may be compared with the predetermined value. However, the comparison need not necessarily be made in this manner. The magnitude or the absolute value of the negative pressure to be taken from the intake passage may be compared with the predetermined value. Also, in the above-described publication No. 2005-297654, the state of a switching valve (that may be regarded as the state change device) is changed based on the result of a comparison between a negative pressure in a negative pressure chamber of a brake booster and a switching threshold value. Further, the switching threshold value is changed when the state of the internal combustion engine is changed between a cold state and a warm state. In contrast, according to the invention, the predetermined value is changed taking into account the required level of brake performance. Thus, the technical idea in the invention differs from the technical idea in the publication No. 2005-297654 in which the required level of brake performance is not taken into account. Also, according to the invention, for example, the intake pipe negative pressure estimated based on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and the opening degree of a throttle valve may be compared with the predetermined value. Therefore, as compared to the case where the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber is compared with the switching threshold value, it is possible to reduce the cost of the entire vehicle because a pressure sensor that detects a negative pressure does not need to be provided.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a control method for a negative pressure generating apparatus that includes an ejector that generates a negative pressure whose magnitude is larger than that of a negative pressure to be taken from an intake passage in an intake system for an internal combustion engine provided in a vehicle. The control method includes making a comparison between the negative pressure to be taken from the intake passage and the predetermined value, making the ejector function based on a result of the comparison, and changing a predetermined value according to an operating state of the vehicle.
The foregoing and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are used to represent like elements and wherein:
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The electric throttle 13 includes a throttle valve 13a, a throttle body 13b, a valve shaft 13c, and an electric motor 13d. The amount of intake air supplied to the internal combustion engine is adjusted by changing the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a. The throttle body 13b is a cylindrical member in which an intake passage is formed. The throttle body 13b supports the valve shaft 13c for the throttle valve 13a provided in the intake passage. The electric motor 13d changes the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a according to a control executed by the ECU 40. As the electric motor 13d, a step motor is employed. The electric motor 13d is fixed to the throttle body 13b. An output shaft (not shown) of the electric motor 13d is connected to the valve shaft 13c. The ECU 40 detects the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a, based on a signal output from a throttle-valve opening degree sensor (not shown) provided in the electric throttle 13.
As the throttle mechanism, the electric throttle 13 is employed. The electric throttle 13 is a throttle-by-wire throttle mechanism, and the throttle valve 13a is driven by the actuator. Instead of the electric throttle 13, a mechanical throttle mechanism may be employed. In the mechanical throttle mechanism, for example, the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a is changed according to operation of an accelerator pedal (not shown) using a wire or the like. In the intake manifold 14, one intake passage on an upstream side is divided into a plurality of branch intake passages on a downstream side. The branch intake passages on the downstream side correspond to the respective cylinders of the internal combustion engine 50. Thus, the intake manifold 14 distributes intake air into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine 50.
A brake device 20 includes a brake pedal 21, a brake booster (negative pressure operating device) 22, a master cylinder 23, and wheel cylinders (not shown). A driver operates the brake pedal 21 to apply a brake to the rotation of wheels. The brake pedal 21 is connected to an input rod (not shown) of the brake booster 22. The brake booster 22 generates an assist force so that the ratio of the assist force to a pedal depression force is equal to a predetermined ratio. In the brake booster 22, a negative pressure chamber (not shown) close to the master cylinder 23 is connected to the intake passage in the intake manifold 14 through an ejector 30. An output rod (not shown) of the brake booster 22 is connected to an input shaft (not shown) of the master cylinder 23. The master cylinder 23 generates a hydraulic pressure according to an acting force from the brake booster 22 that obtains the assist force in addition to the pedal depression force. The master cylinder 23 is connected to the wheel cylinder provided in a disc brake mechanism (not shown) for each wheel via a hydraulic circuit. The wheel cylinder generates a braking force using the hydraulic pressure supplied to the wheel cylinder from the master cylinder 23. The brake booster 22 is not limited to a specific brake booster, and may be an ordinary brake booster, as long as the brake booster 22 is a pneumatic brake booster.
The ejector 30 generates a negative pressure whose magnitude is larger than that of a negative pressure (i.e., an intake pipe negative pressure) to be taken from the intake system 10, more specifically, the intake manifold 14 downstream of the throttle valve 13a, and supplies the generated negative pressure to the negative pressure chamber of the brake booster 22. The ejector 30 includes an inflow port 31a, an outflow port 31b, and a negative pressure supply port 31c. The negative pressure supply port 31c among the ports is connected to the negative pressure chamber of the brake booster 22 by an air hose 5c. The inflow port 31a is connected to the intake passage in the intake pipe 15a by an air hose 5a at a position upstream of the electric throttle 13, more specifically, the throttle valve 13a. The outflow port 31b is connected to the intake passage in the intake manifold 14 by an air hose 5b at a position downstream of the electric throttle 13, more specifically, the throttle valve 13a. Thus, a bypass passage B that bypasses the electric throttle 13 is formed by the ejector 30 and the air hoses 5a and 5b. When the ejector 30 does not function, the negative pressure is supplied to the negative pressure chamber of the brake booster 22 from the intake passage in the intake manifold 14 through the air hose 5b, the outflow port 31b and the negative pressure supply port 31c of the ejector 30, and the air hose 5c.
The air hose 5a is provided with a VSV (Vacuum Switching Valve) 1. The VSV1 opens/closes the bypass passage B according to a control executed by the ECU 40. In the embodiment, as the VSV1, a normally-closed solenoid valve with two positions and two ports is employed. However, the VSV1 is not limited to this valve. For example, other appropriate electromagnetic valves may be employed as the VSV1. Further, for example, the VSV1 may be a flow rate regulating valve that controls the flow rate of the intake air flowing in a flow passage. The VSV1 makes the ejector 30 function or stop functioning by opening or closing the bypass passage B. In the embodiment, the state change device is implemented by the VSV1.
Check valves 34 are provided in an inner passage between the negative pressure obtaining portion 32c and the negative pressure supply port 31c, in an inner passage between the outflow port 31b and the negative pressure supply port 31c, and in a connection portion of the brake booster 22, to which the air hose 5c is connected. Each of the check valves 32 prevents a backflow. The ejector 30 need not necessarily have the inner structure shown in
The ECU 40 includes a microcomputer (not shown) and input/output circuits (not shown). The microcomputer includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The ECU 40 mainly controls the internal combustion engine 50. In the embodiment, the ECU 40 also controls the VSV1 and the electric throttle 13. The ECU 40 is connected to the VSV1, the electric throttle 13, and other devices to be controlled by the ECU 40. The ECU 40 is also connected to sensors, such as the throttle-valve opening degree sensor, a vehicle speed sensor 71 that detects a vehicle speed, a coolant temperature sensor 72 that detects the temperature of a coolant for the internal combustion engine 50, a crank angle sensor 73 that detects a rotational speed NE of the internal combustion engine 50.
The ROM stores programs in which processes to be executed by the CPU are described. In the embodiment, the ROM stores, for example, an engine control program used to control the internal combustion engine 50, and a VSV1 control program used to control the VSV1 to make the ejector 30 function or stop functioning (i.e., to open or close the VSV1) under various conditions. The programs may be integrated with each other. The VSV1 control program includes a negative pressure supply program used to open the VSV1 when the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a is smaller than a predetermined opening degree α.
Further, the negative pressure supply program is configured to open the VSV1 when the intake pipe negative pressure is a negative value larger than a negative pressure determination value F (P). Therefore, the VSV1 control program includes an intake pipe negative pressure determination program used to determine whether the intake pipe negative pressure is a negative value larger than the negative pressure determination value F (P). Accordingly, in the embodiment, the intake pipe negative pressure is compared with the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the intake pipe negative pressure determination program, and the VSV1 is opened based on the result of the comparison, according to the negative pressure supply program.
Further, in the embodiment, the VSV1 control program includes a negative pressure determination value change program used to change the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the operating stale of the vehicle. In the embodiment, the control device, the detection device, the determination device, and the like are implemented by the microcomputer and the above-described programs. Particularly, the predetermined value change device is implemented by the microcomputer and the negative pressure determination value change program.
Next, a routine executed by the ECU 40 will be described in detail with reference to a flowchart shown in
Subsequently, the CPU determines whether the intake pipe negative pressure is a negative value larger than the negative pressure determination value F (P) (step S13). For example, the intake pipe negative pressure is estimated based on the engine speed NE and the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a. However, the intake pipe negative pressure need not necessarily be estimated based on the engine speed NE and the opening degree of the throttle valve 13a A pressure sensor, which detects the intake pipe negative pressure, may be provided, and the intake pipe negative pressure may be detected based on an output from the pressure sensor. When a negative determination is made in step S13, the CPU proceeds to step S15. When an affirmative determination is made in step S13, the CPU opens the VSV1 (step S14). The negative pressure determination value F (P) used in step S13 is the negative pressure determination value F (P) that is newly calculated in step S12, that is, the negative pressure determination value F (P) that is changed according to the state of the vehicle. Therefore, the required level of brake performance is appropriately ensured.
Next, the calculation process executed in step S12 will be described in detail with reference to the flowcharts of the sub routines shown in
Then, the CPU corrects the negative pressure determination value F (P) that is newly read, based on an atmospheric pressure (step S23). More specifically, the negative pressure determination value F (P) is corrected based on the atmospheric pressure, by multiplying the newly-read negative pressure determination value F (P) by an atmospheric pressure correction value (for example, a coefficient value corresponding to a difference between the standard atmospheric pressure and a current atmospheric pressure). Thus, the sub routine is finished, and the CPU proceeds to step S13. The process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the vehicle speed may be implemented by configuring the negative pressure determination value change program using the vehicle speed as the state of the vehicle. More specifically, the process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the vehicle speed may be implemented by storing the negative pressure determination value map shown in
The calculation process may be executed in step S12, for example, according to a flowchart shown in
The CPU detects the inclination of the vehicle (step S31). Then, the CPU newly reads the negative pressure determination value F (P) corresponding to the detected inclination of the vehicle, with reference to the negative pressure determination value map shown in
Then, the CPU corrects the negative pressure determination value F (P) that is newly read, based on the atmospheric pressure (step S33). Thus, the sub routine is finished, and the CPU proceeds to step S13. The process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the inclination of the vehicle may be implemented by configuring the negative pressure determination value change program using the inclination of the vehicle as the state of the vehicle. More specifically, the process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the inclination of the vehicle may be implemented by storing, in the ROM, the negative pressure determination value map shown in
Further, the calculation process may be executed in step S12, for example, according to a flowchart shown in
Then, the CPU corrects the negative pressure determination value F (P) that is newly read, based on the atmospheric pressure (step S43). Thus, the sub routine is finished, and the CPU proceeds to step S13. The process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the temperature of the coolant may be implemented by configuring the negative pressure determination value change program using the temperature of the coolant for the internal combustion engine 50 as the state of the vehicle. Further, more specifically, the process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the temperature of the coolant may be implemented by storing, in the ROM, the negative pressure determination value map shown in
For example, a vehicle weight, an inter-vehicle distance, the weather, and the humidity level may be used as the operating state of the vehicle. For example, as the vehicle weight increases, an inertia force of the vehicle increases when the vehicle travels, and therefore, the required level of brake performance increases. Also, as the inter-vehicle distance decreases, the possibility that the vehicle will collide with a preceding vehicle increases, and therefore, the required level of brake performance increases. Also, when it rains or the humidity level is high, a stopping distance of the vehicle tends to increase when the vehicle is decelerated, and therefore, the required level of brake performance increases. That is, various elements that change the required level of brake performance may be used as the operating state of the vehicle.
The vehicle weight greatly varies depending on the number of occupants. Therefore, for example, the number of occupants may be detected using a sensor provided in a seat, or a sensor that detects that a seat belt is used, and the vehicle weight may be determined based on a value detected by multiplying the detected number of occupants by a standard body weight (for example 65 Kg). Also, for example, when the vehicle is stopped, the stroke of a suspension may be detected in an electronically-controlled suspension system, and the vehicle weight may be detected based on the detected value. Also, the inter-vehicle distance may be detected, for example, based on data obtained by inter-vehicle communication, or an output from a sensor that detects a distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle. Further, the weather and the humidity level may be detected, for example, based on information obtained by the navigation system provided in the vehicle.
The process of changing the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the vehicle weight, the inter-vehicle distance, the weather, the humidity level, or the like may be implemented by configuring the negative pressure determination value change program using the element such as the vehicle weight, the inter-vehicle distance, the weather, or the humidity level, as the state of the vehicle. Further, more specifically, for example, the process may be implemented by storing, in the ROM, a negative pressure determination value map that defines the negative pressure determination value F (P) according to the corresponding element, and configuring the negative pressure determination value change program so that the negative pressure determination value map corresponding to the detected element is referred to, based on the detected element, and the negative pressure determination value F (P) corresponding to the detected value is newly read from the negative pressure determination value map.
In the embodiment, the calculation processes executed in step S12 have been separately described in detail with reference to the respective sub routines shown in
The above-described embodiments are example embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Various modifications may be made to the embodiments within the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-116260 | Apr 2007 | JP | national |
