Patent Application
20090023547
The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-187385, which was filed on Jul. 18, 2007, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to a control apparatus for a vehicular drive system, and more particularly to a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle drive system including an electric motor, which control apparatus is configured to prevent excessive speeds of rotary elements such as the electric motor.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
There is known a hybrid type vehicle including (a) an electrically controlled differential portion including a differential mechanism, a first electric motor operatively connected to a rotary element of the differential mechanism, a drive power source, an input shaft connected to the drive power source, and an output shaft, a differential state between rotating speeds of the input and output shafts being controlled by controlling an operating state of the first electric motor, and (b) a second electric motor connected to a power transmitting path between the output shaft and drive wheels of the hybrid type vehicle. JP-2005-264762A discloses an example of a control apparatus for such a hybrid type vehicle. This publication discloses a technique for operating the first and second electric motors in the same direction upon starting of the drive power source in the form of an engine, to rapidly raise the operating speed of the engine to a level at which the engine can be started by ignition.
According to the control apparatus for the vehicular drive system as disclosed in the above-identified publication, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the electrically controlled differential portion may become excessively high exceeding a permissible maximum value in the absence of a load acting on the output shaft, when the power transmitting path is switched to a power cut-off state in the form of a neutral state during high-speed running of the vehicle. When the rotating speed of the output shaft of the electrically controlled differential portion becomes excessively high, not only an input rotary member of the power transmitting path connected to the output shaft, but also the second electric motor connected to the input rotary member are rotated at excessively high speeds, giving rise to a risk of deterioration of the durability of the input rotary member and second electric motor.
The present invention was made in view of the background art described above. It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a control apparatus for a drive system of a vehicle including an electrically controlled differential portion including a differential mechanism, an electric motor connected to the electric motor, a drive power source, an input shaft connected to the drive power source and an output shafts, a differential state between the input and output shafts being controlled by controlling an operating speed of the electric motor, which control apparatus prevents an excessive rotating speed of the output shaft when a power transmitting path of the vehicular drive system is switched to a neutral state during running of a vehicle.
The object indicated above can be achieved according to any one of the following modes of this invention, each of which is numbered like the appended claims and which depends from the other mode or modes, where appropriate, for easier understanding of technical features disclosed in the present application, and combinations of those features.
(1) A control apparatus for a drive system of a vehicle including (a) an electrically controlled differential portion having (i) a differential mechanism, (ii) a first electric motor operatively connected to a rotary element of the differential mechanism, (iii) a drive power source, an input shaft connected to the drive power source, and (iv) an output shaft, a differential state between rotating speeds of the input and output shafts being controlled by controlling an operating state of the first electric motor, and further including (b) a switching portion operable to switch a power transmitting path between the output shaft and a drive wheel of the vehicle, between a power transmitting state and a power cut-off state, the control apparatus comprising:
In the control apparatus of the above-described mode (1) of the present invention, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the electrically controlled differential portion or the operating speed of the electric motor is limited by the excessive speed preventing portion when the power transmitting path is switched by the switching portion from the power transmitting state to the power cut-off state. Accordingly, the control apparatus prevents an excessive rise of the output shaft, making it possible to prevent the deterioration of the durability of the rotary elements of the differential portion and the electric motor.
(2) The control apparatus according to the above-described mode (1), wherein the excessive speed preventing portion limits an output of the drive power source to limit the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor.
In the above-described mode (2) of the invention, the output of the drive power source is limited to reduce a torque of the output shaft of the differential portion. The reduction of the torque of the output shaft results in preventing an excessive rise of the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor.
(3) The control apparatus according to the above-described mode (2), wherein the excessive speed preventing portion limits the output of the drive power source such that an amount of limitation of the output is larger when the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor is relatively high than when the rotating speed or the operating speed is relatively low.
In the above-described mode (3) of this invention, the amount of limitation of the output of the drive power source is larger when the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor is relatively high than when the rotating speed or the operating speed is relatively low. For instance, the excessive speed preventing portion is configured not to limit the output of the engine when the operating speed of the second electric motor is lower than a predetermined upper limit, and to limit the output of the engine when the operating speed of the second electric motor is equal to or higher than the upper limit. In this case, the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor can be effectively limited.
(4) The control apparatus according to the above-described mode (2) or (3), wherein the drive power source is an internal combustion engine, and the excessive speed preventing portion limits an output of the internal combustion engine by implementing a fuel cut control of the internal combustion engine.
In the above-described mode (4) of the invention wherein the fuel cut control of the drive power source in the form of the internal combustion engine is implemented to limit the output of the drive power source, the torque of the output shaft is reduced to limit the speed of the output shaft or second electric motor.
(5) The control apparatus according to the above-described mode (2) or (3), wherein the drive power source is an internal combustion engine, and the excessive speed preventing portion limits an output of the internal combustion engine by limiting an angle of opening of a throttle valve of the internal combustion engine.
In the above-described mode (5) of the present invention wherein the throttle valve of the drive power source in the form of the internal combustion engine is limited to limit the output of the drive power source, the torque of the output shaft is reduced to limit the speed of the output shaft or second electric motor.
(6) The control apparatus according to the above-described mode (1), wherein the excessive speed preventing portion controls an operating speed of the first electric motor, to limit the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor.
In the above-described mode (6) of this invention, the operating speed of the first electric motor is suitably controlled to limit the rotating speed of the output shaft or the operating speed of the second electric motor owing to a differential function of the differential mechanism.
(7) The control apparatus according to any one of the above described modes (1)-(6), wherein the switching portion includes a manually operable shifting member having a plurality of shift positions, and switches the power transmitting path between the power transmitting state and the power cut-off state, according to an operation of the manually operable shifting member.
In the above-described mode (7) of the invention wherein the switching portion switches the power transmitting path between the power transmitting state and the power cut-off state, according to an operation of the manually operable shifting member having a plurality of shift positions, the power transmitting path is switched from the power transmitting state to the power cut-off state when the shifting member is operated to the shift position for selecting the power cut-off state.
(8) The control apparatus according to any one of the above-described modes (1)-(7), wherein the electrically controlled differential portion is operable as a continuously-variable transmission mechanism by controlling the operating state of the first electric motor.
In the above-described mode (8) of the present invention wherein the electrically controlled differential portion is operable as the continuously-variable transmission portion by controlling the operating state of the first electric motor, the vehicle drive torque can be smoothly changed. It is noted that the electrically controlled differential portion is operable not only as an electrically controlled continuously-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is continuously variable, but also as a step-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is variable in steps so that an overall speed ratio of the drive system can be changed to rapidly change the vehicle drive torque.
Preferably, the differential mechanism is a planetary gear set having three rotary elements consisting of a carrier connected to the input shaft of the electrically controlled differential portion, a sun gear connected to the first electric motor, and a ring gear connected to the output shaft of the electrically controlled differential portion. In this case, the differential mechanism consisting of a single planetary gear set can be simplified in construction, and the required axial dimension of the planetary gear set can be reduced.
Preferably, the above-described planetary gear set is a single-pinion type planetary gear set, so that the differential mechanism can be simplified in construction, and the required axial dimension can be reduced.
The above and other objects, features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of this invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Referring first to the schematic view of
In the present transmission mechanism 10 constructed as described above, the engine 8 and the differential portion 11 are directly connected to each other. This direct connection means that the engine 8 and the transmission portion 11 are connected to each other, without a fluid-operated power transmitting device such as a torque converter or a fluid coupling being disposed therebetween, but may be connected to each other through the pulsation absorbing damper as described above. It is noted that a lower half of the transmission mechanism 10, which is constructed symmetrically with respect to its axis, is omitted in
The differential portion 11 is provided with: a first electric motor M1; a power distributing mechanism 16 functioning as a differential mechanism operable to mechanically distribute an output of the engine 8 received by the input shaft 14, to the first electric motor M1 and the power transmitting member 18; and a second electric motor M2 which is operatively connected to and rotated with the power transmitting member 18. Each of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 used in the present embodiment is a so-called motor/generator having a function of an electric motor and a function of an electric generator. However, the first electric motor M1 should function at least as an electric generator operable to generate an electric energy and a reaction force, while the second electric motor M2 should function at least as a drive power source operable to produce a vehicle drive force. It will be understood that the differential portion 11 functions as an electrically controlled differential portion.
The power distributing mechanism 16 includes, as a major component, a first planetary gear set 24 of a single pinion type having a gear ratio ρ1 of about 0.418, for example. The first planetary gear set 24 has rotary elements consisting of: a first sun gear S1, a first planetary gear P1; a first carrier CA1 supporting the first planetary gear P1 such that the first planetary gear P1 is rotatable about its axis and about the axis of the first sun gear S1; and a first ring gear R1 meshing with the first sun gear S1 through the first planetary gear P1. Where the numbers of teeth of the first sun gear S1 and the first ring gear R1 are represented by ZS1 and ZR1,: respectively, the above-indicated gear ratio ρ1 is represented by ZS1/ZR1. It will be understood that the power distributing mechanism 16 functions as a differential mechanism of the drive system.
In the power distributing mechanism 16, the first carrier CA1 is connected to the input shaft 14, that is, to the engine 8, and the first sun gear S1 is connected to the first electric motor M1, while the first ring gear R1 is connected to the power transmitting member 18. The power distributing mechanism 16 constructed as described above is operated in a differential state in which three elements of the first planetary gear set 24 consisting of the first sun gear S1, first carrier CA1 and first ring gear R1 are rotatable relative to each other, so as to perform a differential function. In the differential state, the output of the engine 8 is distributed to the first electric motor M1 and the power transmitting member 18, whereby a portion of the output of the engine 8 is used to drive the first electric motor M1 to generate an electric energy which is stored or used to drive the second electric motor M2. Namely, the differential portion 11 (power distributing mechanism 16) functions as an electric differential device, which is operable in a continuously-variable shifting state (electrically established CVT state) in which the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 is continuously variable, irrespective of the rotating speed of the engine 8, namely, placed in the differential state in which a speed ratio γ0 (rotating speed NIN of the input shaft 14/rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18) of the differential portion 11 is continuously changed from a minimum value γ0 min to a maximum value γ0 max, that is, in the continuously-variable shifting state in which the differential portion 11 functions as an electrically controlled continuously-variable transmission the speed ratio γ0 of which is continuously variable from the minimum value γ0 min to the maximum value γ0 max. Thus, the differential portion 11 functions as a continuously-variable transmission mechanism wherein a differential state between the rotating speed of the input shaft 14 and the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 is controlled by controlling the operating states of the first electric motor M1, second electric motor M2 and engine 8 that are operatively connected to the power distributing mechanism 16. It will be understood that the power transmitting member 18 functions as an output shaft of the differential portion 11 and also as an input shaft of the automatic transmission portion 20.
The automatic transmission portion 20 is a step-variable automatic transmission which constitutes a part of a power transmitting path between the differential portion 11 and the drive wheels 34. The automatic transmission portion 20 includes a single-pinion type second planetary gear set 26, a single-pinion type third planetary gear set 28 and a single-pinion type fourth planetary gear set 30. Thus, the automatic transmission portion 20 is a multiple-step transmission of a planetary gear type. The second planetary gear set 26 has: a second sun gear S2; a second planetary gear P2; a second carrier CA2 supporting the second planetary gear P2 such that the second planetary gear P2 is rotatable about its axis and about the axis of the second sun gear S2; and a second ring gear R2 meshing with the second sun gear S2 through the second planetary gear P2. For example, the second planetary gear set 26 has a gear ratio ρ2 of about 0.562. The third planetary gear, set 28 has: a third sun gear S3; a third planetary gear P3; a third carrier CA3 supporting the third planetary gear P3 such that the third planetary gear P3 is rotatable about its axis and about the axis of the third sun gear S3; and a third ring gear R3 meshing with the third sun gear S3 through the third planetary gear P3. For example, the third planetary gear set 28 has a gear ratio ρ3 of about 0.425. The fourth planetary gear set 30 has: a fourth sun gear S4; a fourth planetary gear P4; a fourth carrier CA4 supporting the fourth planetary gear P4 such that the fourth planetary gear P4 is rotatable about its axis and about the axis of the fourth sun gear S4; and a fourth ring gear R4 meshing with the fourth sun gear S4 through the fourth planetary gear P4. For example, the fourth planetary gear set 30 has a gear ratio ρ4 of about 0.421. Where the numbers of teeth of the second sun gear S2, second ring gear R2, third sun gear S3, third ring gear R3, fourth sun gear S4 and fourth ring gear R4 are represented by ZS2, ZR2, ZS3, ZR3, ZS4 and ZR4, respectively, the above-indicated gear ratios ρ2, ρ3 and ρ4 are represented by ZS2/ZR2, ZS3/ZR3, and ZS4/ZR4, respectively.
In the automatic transmission portion 20, the second sun gear S2 and the third sun gear S3 are integrally fixed to each other as a unit, selectively connected to the power transmitting member 18 through a second clutch C2, and selectively fixed to the casing 12 through a first brake B1. The second carrier CA2 is selectively fixed to the casing 12 through a second brake B2, and the fourth ring gear R4 is selectively fixed to the casing 12 through a third brake B3. The second ring gear R2, third carrier CA3 and fourth carrier CA4 are integrally fixed to each other and fixed to the output shaft 22. The third ring gear R3 and the fourth sun gear S4 are integrally fixed to each other and selectively connected to the power transmitting member 18 through a first clutch C1.
Thus, the automatic transmission portion 20 and the differential portion 11 (power transmitting member 18) are selectively connected to each other through one of the first and second clutches C1, C2, which are provided to shift the automatic transmission portion 20. In other words, the first and second clutches C1, C2 function as coupling devices operable to switch a power transmitting path between the power distributing member 18 and the automatic transmission portion 20 (power transmitting path between the differential portion 11 or power transmitting member 18 and the drive wheels 34), to a selected one of a power transmitting state in which a vehicle drive force can be transmitted through the power transmitting path, and a power cut-off state (non-power-transmitting state) in which the vehicle drive force cannot be transmitted through the power transmitting path. When at least one of the first and second clutches C1 and C2 is placed in the engaged state, the power transmitting path is placed in the power transmitting state. When both of the first and second clutches C1, C2 are placed in the released state, the power transmitting path is placed in the power cut-off state. It will be understood that the first and second clutches C1, C2 function as a switching portion operable to switch the power transmitting path between the differential portion 11 and the drive wheels 34, between the power transmitting state and the power cut-off state.
The automatic transmission portion 20 is operable to perform a so-called “clutch-to-clutch” shifting action to establish a selected one of its operating positions (gear positions) by an engaging action of one of coupling devices and a releasing action of another coupling device. The above-indicated operating positions have respective speed ratios γ (rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18/rotating speed NOUT of the output shaft 22) which change as geometric series. As indicated in the table of
The above-described first clutch C1, second clutch C2, first brake B1, second brake B2 and third brake B3 (hereinafter collectively referred to as clutches C and brakes B, unless otherwise specified) are hydraulically operated frictional coupling devices used in a conventional vehicular automatic transmission. Each of these frictional coupling devices is constituted by a wet-type multiple-disc clutch including a plurality of friction plates which are forced against each other by a hydraulic actuator, or a band brake including a rotary drum and one band or two bands which is/are wound on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary drum and tightened at one end by a hydraulic actuator. Each of the clutches C1, C2 and brakes B1-B3 is selectively engaged for connecting two members between which each clutch or brake is interposed.
In the transmission mechanism 10 constructed as described above, the differential portion 11 functioning as the continuously-variable transmission and the automatic transmission portion 20 cooperate with each other to constitute a continuously-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is continuously variable. While the differential portion 11 is controlled to hold its speed ratio constant, the differential portion 11 and the automatic transmission portion 20 cooperate to constitute a step-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is variable in steps.
When the differential portion 11 functions as the continuously-variable transmission while the automatic transmission portion 20 connected in series to the differential portion 11 functions as the step-variable transmission, the speed of the rotary motion transmitted to the automatic transmission portion 20 placed in a selected one of the gear positions M (hereinafter referred to as “input speed of the automatic transmission portion 20”), namely, the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 (hereinafter referred to as “transmitting-member speed N18”) is continuously changed, so that the speed ratio of the hybrid vehicle drive system when the automatic transmission portion 20 is placed in the selected gear position M is continuously variable over a predetermined range. Accordingly, an overall speed ratio γT of the transmission mechanism 10 (rotating speed NIN of the input shaft 14/rotating speed NOUT of the output shaft 22) is continuously variable. Thus, the transmission mechanism 10 as a whole is operable as a continuously-variable transmission. The overall speed ratio γT is determined by the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 and the speed ratio γ of the automatic transmission portion 20.
For example, the transmitting-member speed N18 is continuously variable over the predetermined range when the differential portion 11 functions as the continuously-variable transmission while the automatic transmission portion 20 is placed in a selected one of the first through fourth gear positions and reverse gear position as indicated in the table of
When the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 is held constant while the clutches C and brakes B are selectively engaged to establish the selected one of the first through fourth gear positions and the reverse gear position, the overall speed ratio γT of the transmission mechanism 10 is variable in step as geometric series. Thus, the transmission mechanism 10 is operable like a step-variable transmission.
When the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 is held constant at 1, for example, the overall speed ratio γT of the transmission mechanism 10 changes as the automatic transmission portion 20 is shifted from one of the first through fourth gear positions and reverse gear position to another, as indicated in the table of
The collinear chart of
Three vertical lines Y1, Y2 and Y3 corresponding to the power distributing mechanism 16 of the differential portion 11 respectively represent the relative rotating speeds of a second rotary element (second element) RE2 in the form of the first sun gear S1, a first rotary element (first element) RE1 in the form of the first carrier CA1, and a third rotary element (third element) RE3 in the form of the first ring gear R1. The distances between the adjacent ones of the vertical lines Y1, Y2 and Y3 are determined by the gear ratio ρ1 of the first planetary gear set 24. That is, the distance between the vertical lines Y1 and Y2 corresponds to “1”, while the distance between the vertical lines Y2 and Y3 corresponds to the gear ratio ρ1. Further, five vertical lines Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7 and Y8 corresponding to the transmission portion 20 respectively represent the relative rotating speeds of a fourth rotary element (fourth element) RE4 in the form of the second and third sun gears S2, S3 integrally fixed to each other, a fifth rotary element (fifth element) RE5 in the form of the second carrier CA2, a sixth rotary element (sixth element) RE6 in the form of the fourth ring gear R4, a seventh rotary element (seventh element) RE7 in the form of the second ring gear R2 and third and fourth carriers CA3, CA4 that are integrally fixed to each other, and an eighth rotary element (eighth element) RE8 in the form of the third ring gear R3 and fourth sun gear S4 integrally fixed to each other. The distances between the adjacent ones of the vertical lines are determined by the gear ratios ρ2, ρ3 and ρ4 of the second, third and fourth planetary gear sets 26, 28, 30. In the relationship among the vertical lines of the collinear chart, the distances between the sun gear and carrier of each planetary gear set corresponds to “1”, while the distances between the carrier and ring gear of each planetary gear set corresponds to the gear ratio ρ. In the differential portion 11, the distance between the vertical lines Y1 and Y2 corresponds to “1”, while the distance between the vertical lines Y2 and Y3 corresponds to the gear ratio ρ. In the automatic transmission portion 20, the distance between the sun gear and carrier of each of the second, third and fourth planetary gear sets 26, 28, 30 corresponds to “1”, while the distance between the carrier and ring gear of each planetary gear set 26, 28, 30 corresponds to the gear ratio ρ.
Referring to the collinear chart of
In the differential state of the differential portion 11 in which the first through third rotary elements RE1-RE3 are rotatable relative to each other, for example, the rotating speed of the first sun gear S1, that is, the rotating speed of the first electric motor M1, which is represented by a point of intersection between the straight line L0 and the vertical line Y1, is raised or lowered by controlling the engine speed NE, so that the rotating speed of the first carrier CA1 represented by a point of intersection between the straight line L0 and the vertical line Y2, if the rotating speed of the first ring gear R1 represented by a point of intersection between the straight line L0 and the vertical line Y3 is substantially held constant.
When the rotating speed of the first electric motor M1 is controlled such that the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 is held at 1, so that the rotating speed of the first sun gear S1 is made equal to the engine speed NE, the straight line L0 is aligned with the horizontal line X2, so that the first ring gear R1, that is, the power transmitting member 18 is rotated at the engine speed NE. When the rotating speed of the first electric motor M1 is controlled such that the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 is held at a value lower than 1, for example at 0.7, on the other hand, so that the rotating speed of the first sun gear S1 is zeroed, the power transmitting member 18 is rotated at a speed N18 higher than the engine speed NE.
In the automatic transmission portion 20, the fourth rotary element RE4 is selectively connected to the power transmitting member 18 through the second clutch C2, and selectively fixed to the casing 12 through the first brake B1, and the fifth rotary element RE5 is selectively fixed to the casing 12 through the second brake B2, while the sixth rotary element RE6 is selectively fixed to the casing 12 through the third brake B3. The seventh rotary element RE7 is fixed to the output shaft 22, while the eighth rotary element RE8 is selectively connected to the power transmitting member 18 through the first clutch C1.
The automatic transmission portion 20 is placed in the first gear position when the first clutch C1 and the third brake B3 are engaged in the state of the differential portion 11 in which a rotary motion of the differential portion 11 at a speed equal to the engine speed NE is input to the eighth rotary element RE8 of the automatic transmission portion 20. The rotating speed of the output shaft 22 in the first gear position is represented by a point of intersection between the vertical line Y7 indicative of the rotating speed of the seventh rotary element RE7 fixed to the output shaft 22 and an inclined straight line L1 which passes a point of intersection between the vertical line Y8 indicative of the rotating speed of the eighth rotary element RE8 and the horizontal line X2, and a point of intersection between the vertical line Y6 indicative of the rotating speed of the sixth rotary element RE6 and the horizontal line X1, as indicated in
The electronic control device 80 is arranged to receive from various sensors and switches shown in
The electronic control device 80 is further arranged to generate various signals such as: control signals to be applied to an engine output control device 58 (shown in
As shown in
The linear solenoid valves SL1-SL5 have substantially the same construction, and are controlled independently of each other by the electronic control device 80, to adjust the hydraulic pressures of the hydraulic actuators AC1, AC2, AB1, AB2, AB3 independently of each other, for controlling the engaging pressures PC1, PC2, PB1, PB2, PB3, so that the appropriate two coupling devices (C1, C2, B1, B2, B3) are engaged to shift the automatic transmission portion 20 to the selected operating position or gear position. A shifting action of the automatic transmission portion 20 from one position to another is a so-called “clutch-to-clutch” shifting action involving an engaging action of the coupling devices (C, B) and a releasing action another of the coupling devices, which take place concurrently.
The operating positions PSH of the shift lever 52 consists of: a parking position P for placing the transmission mechanism 10 (namely, automatic transmission portion 20) in a neutral state (power cut-off state) in which a power transmitting path through the automatic transmission portion 20 is disconnected while at the same time the output shaft 22 is placed in the locked state; a reverse-drive position R for driving the vehicle in the rearward direction; a neutral position N for placing the transmission mechanism 10 in the neutral state; an automatic forward-drive shifting position D for establishing an automatic shifting mode; and the above-indicated manual forward-drive shifting position M for establishing a manual shifting mode. In the automatic shifting mode, the overall speed ratio γT is determined by the continuously variable speed ratio of the differential portion 11 and the speed ratio of the automatic transmission portion 20 which changes in steps as a result of an automatic shifting action of the automatic transmission portion 20 from one of the first through fourth gear positions to another. In the manual shifting mode, the number of the gear positions available is limited by disabling the automatic transmission portion 20 to be shifted to the relatively high gear position or positions.
As the shift lever 52 is operated to a selected one of the operating positions PSH, the hydraulic control unit 70 is electrically operated to switch the hydraulic circuit to establish the rear-drive position R, neutral position N, and one of the forward-drive first through fourth gear positions, as indicated in the table of
The above-indicated parking position P and the neutral position N are power cut-off positions (non-drive positions) selected when the vehicle is not driven, while the above-indicated reverse-drive position R, and the automatic and manual forward-drive positions D, M are power transmitting positions (drive positions) selected when the vehicle is driven. In the non-drive positions P, N, the power transmitting path in the automatic transmission portion 20 is in the power cut-off state established by releasing both of the clutches C1 and C2, as shown in the table of
Described in detail, a manual operation of the shift lever 52 from the parking position P or neutral position N to the reverse-drive position R causes the second clutch C2 to be engaged for switching the power transmitting path in the automatic transmission portion 20 from the power-cut-off state to the power-transmitting state. A manual operation of the shift lever 52 from the neutral position N to the automatic forward-drive position D causes at least the first clutch C1 to be engaged for switching the power transmitting path in the automatic transmission portion 20 from the power-cut-off state to the power-transmitting state. A manual operation of the shift lever 52 from the rear-drive position R to the parking position P or neutral position N cause the second clutch C2 to be released for switching the power transmitting path in the automatic transmission portion 20 from the power-transmitting state to the power-cut-off state. A manual operation of the shift lever 52 from the automatic forward-drive position D to the neutral position N causes the first clutch C1 and the second clutch C2 to be released for switching the power transmitting path from the power-transmitting state to the power-cut-off state.
Referring to the functional block diagram of
The step-variable shifting control portion 82 generates a shifting command (hydraulic control command) to be applied to the hydraulic control unit 70, to engage and release the appropriate two hydraulically operated frictional coupling devices (C1, C2, B1, B2, B3), for establishing the determined gear position of the automatic transmission portion 20 according to the table of
The hybrid control portion 84 controls the engine 8 to be operated with high efficiency, and controls the first and second electric motors M1, M2 so as to optimize a proportion of drive forces generated by the engine 8 and the second electric motor M2, and a reaction force generated by the first electric motor M1 during its operation as the electric generator, for thereby controlling the speed ratio γ0 of the differential portion 11 operating as the electric continuously-variable transmission. For instance, the hybrid control portion 84 calculates a target (required) vehicle output at the present running speed V of the vehicle, on the basis of the operation amount ACC of the accelerator pedal 74 used as an operator's required vehicle output and the vehicle running speed V, and calculate a target total vehicle output on the basis of the calculated target vehicle output and a required amount of generation of an electric energy by the first electric motor M1. The hybrid control portion 84 calculates a target output of the engine 8 to obtain the calculated target total vehicle output, while taking account of a power transmission loss, a load acting on various devices of the vehicle, an assisting torque generated by the second electric motor M2, etc. The hybrid control portion 84 controls the speed NE and torque TE of the engine 8, so as to obtain the calculated target engine output, and the amount of generation of the electric energy by the first electric motor M1.
The hybrid control portion 84 is arranged to implement the hybrid control while taking account of the presently selected gear position of the automatic transmission portion 20, so as to improve the drivability of the vehicle and the fuel economy of the engine 8. In the hybrid control, the differential portion 11 is controlled to function as the electric continuously-variable transmission, for optimum coordination of the engine speed NE for its efficient operation, and the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 determined by the vehicle speed V and the selected gear position of the transmission portion 20. That is, the hybrid control portion 82 determines a target value of the overall speed ratio γT of the transmission mechanism 10, so that the engine 8 is operated according to a stored highest-fuel-economy curve (fuel-economy map or relation) indicated by broken line in
In the hybrid control, the hybrid control portion 84 controls an inverter 54 such that the electric energy generated by the first electric motor M1 is supplied to an electric-energy storage device 56 and the second electric motor M2 through the inverter 54. That is, a major portion of the drive force produced by the engine 8 is mechanically transmitted to the power transmitting member 18, while the remaining portion of the drive force is consumed by the first electric motor M1 to convert this portion into the electric energy, which is supplied through the inverter 54 to the second electric motor M2, so that the second electric motor M2 is operated with the supplied electric energy, to produce a mechanical energy to be transmitted to the power transmitting member 18. Thus, the drive system is provided with an electric path through which an electric energy generated by conversion of a portion of a drive force of the engine 8 is converted into a mechanical energy.
The hybrid control portion 84 is further arranged to hold the engine speed NE substantially constant or at a desired value, by controlling the first electric motor speed NM1 and/or the second electric motor speed NM2 owing to the electric CVT function of the differential portion 11, irrespective of whether the vehicle is stationary or running. In other words, the hybrid control portion 84 is capable of controlling the first electric motor speed NM1 as desired while holding the engine speed NE substantially constant or at a desired value. For example, the hybrid control portion 84 raises the engine speed NE by raising the first electric motor speed NM1 during running of the vehicle while the second electric motor speed NM2 determined by the vehicle running speed V (rotating speed of the drive wheels 34) is held substantially constant.
To raise the engine speed NE during running of the vehicle, for example, the hybrid control portion 84 raises the first electric motor speed NM1 while the second electric motor speed NM2 determined by the vehicle speed V (rotating speed of the drive wheels 34) is held substantially constant, as is apparent from the collinear chart of
The hybrid control portion 84 includes engine output control means functioning to command the engine-output control device 58 for controlling the engine 8, so as to provide a required output, by controlling the throttle actuator 64 to open and close the electronic throttle valve 62, and controlling an amount and time of fuel injection by the fuel injecting device 66 into the engine 8, and/or the timing of ignition of the igniter by the ignition device 68, alone or in combination.
For instance, the hybrid control portion 84 is basically arranged to control the throttle actuator 64 on the basis of the operation amount ACC of the accelerator pedal and according to a predetermined stored relationship (not shown) between the operation amount ACC and the opening angle θTH of the electronic throttle valve 62 such that the opening angle θTH increases with an increase of the operation amount ACC. The engine output control device 58 controls the throttle actuator 64 to open and close the electronic throttle valve 62, controls the fuel injecting device 66 to control the fuel injection, and controls the ignition device 68 to control the ignition timing of the igniter, for thereby controlling the torque of the engine 8, according to the commands received from the hybrid control portion 84.
The hybrid control portion 84 is capable of establishing a motor-drive mode to drive the vehicle by the electric motor, by utilizing the electric CVT function (differential function) of the differential portion 11, irrespective of whether the engine 8 is in the non-operated state or in the idling state. For example, the hybrid control portion 84 establishes the motor-drive mode, when the operating efficiency of the engine 8 is relatively low, or when the vehicle speed V is comparatively low or when the vehicle is running in a low-load state. For reducing a dragging of the engine 8 in its non-operated state and improving the fuel economy in the motor-drive mode, the hybrid control portion 84 is configured to hold the engine speed NE at zero or substantially zero as needed, owing to the electric CVT function (differential function) of the differential portion 11, that is, by controlling the differential portion 11 to perform its electric CVT function, so that the first electric motor speed NM1 is controlled to be in a non-load state, so as to be freely rotated to have a negative speed NM1.
The hybrid control portion 84 is further capable of performing a so-called “drive-force assisting” operation (torque assisting operation) to assist the engine 8, even in the engine-drive region of the vehicle condition, by supplying an electric energy from the first electric motor M1 or the electric-energy storage device 60 to the second electric motor M2 through the above-described electric path, so that the second electric motor M2 is operated to transmit a drive torque to the drive wheels 34.
The hybrid control portion 84 is further configured to place the first electric motor M1 in a non-load state in which the first electric motor M1 is freely rotated, so that the differential portion 11 is placed in a state similar to the power cut-off state in which power cannot be transmitted through the power transmitting path within the differential portion 11, and no output can be generated from the differential portion 11. Namely, the hybrid control portion 84 is arranged to place the first electric motor M1 in the non-load state, for thereby placing the differential portion 11 in a neutral state in which the power transmitting path is electrically cut off.
When the shifting device 50 is operated to select the neutral position N or parking position P during running of the vehicle by the engine 8, the automatic transmission portion 20 is placed in the power cut-off state, so that a load is not transmitted from the drive wheels 34 to the differential portion 11 through the automatic transmission portion 20. As a result, the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 functioning as the output shaft of the differential portion 11 and the input shaft of the automatic transmission portion 20 is abruptly raised, giving rise to a risk of deterioration of the durability of the second electric motor M2 connected to the differential portion 11 and power transmitting member 18. The above-indicated excessive speed preventing portion 86 is provided to prevent an excessive rise of the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18, for thereby preventing deterioration of the durability of the rotary elements of the differential portion 11 and second electric motor M2.
The excessive speed preventing portion 86 operates according to results of determinations by the above-indicated shift-position determining portion 88 and electric-motor-speed determining portion 90. The shift-position determining portion 88 is configured to determine whether the shifting device 52 has generated a shift-position selecting signal which selects the neutral position N or parking position P. When the shift-position determining portion 88 determines that this shift-position selecting signal has been generated from the shifting device 50, the frictional coupling devices such as the first clutch C1 that have been engaged to establish the power transmitting gear positions (to place the power transmitting path in the power transmitting state) are expected to be disengaged with reduction of the pressure of the working pressure applied thereto. In this case, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is operated to implement a fail-safe control by preventing an excessive rise of the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18.
The electric-motor-speed determining portion 90 is configured to detect the operating speed N of the second electric motor M2 and determine whether the detected second electric motor speed NM2 is equal to or higher than a predetermined upper limit. For example, the second electric motor speed NM2 is detected by a speed sensor in the form of a resolver provided for the se4cond electric motor M2. The predetermined upper limit of the second electric motor M2, which is about 5000 rpm, for instance, varies depending upon the specific configuration of the transmission mechanism 10. For example, the predetermined upper limit is determined by conducting a durability test of the vehicle, as a permissible highest value of the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 upon switching of the shift lever 52 to the neutral position N, below which the rotary elements of the differential portion 11 and the second electric motor M2 can be protected against deterioration of their durability.
The excessive speed preventing portion 86 operates to limit the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 and the operating speeds of the second electric motor M2 and differential portion 11, when the shift-position determining portion 88 determines that the non-drive position (power cut-off position) in the form of the neutral position N or parking position P is established, and when the electric-motor-speed determining portion 90 determines that the detected operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 is equal to or higher than the predetermined upper limit.
Described in detail, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is configured to limit the output of the engine 8, for limiting the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 functioning as the output shaft of the differential portion 11 and the input shaft of the automatic transmission portion, 20 and for limiting the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 which is fixed to the power transmitting member 18 and rotated with the power transmitting member 18. Described more specifically, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 implements a fuel cut control of cutting off or reducing a supply of a fuel to the engine 8, for thereby limiting the output of the engine 8. When the output of the engine 8 is limited by the fuel cut control, for example, a reaction torque of the first electric motor M1 is reduced, and the torque of the power transmitting member 18 is also reduced, whereby the rise of the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 is restricted or limited, so that the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 is limited, whereby the excessive rise of the rotating speed N18 is prevented.
The output of the engine 8 can also be limited by controlling the opening angle θTH of the electronic throttle valve 62, for example, by setting an upper limit of the opening angle θTH. In this case, too, the output of the engine 8 can be limited to prevent the excessive rise of the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18.
An upper limit of the output of the engine 8 is changed according to the rotating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2.
Referring next to the flow chart of
The control routine is initiated with step S1 corresponding to the shift-position determining portion 88, to determine whether the shifting device 50 has generated the shift-position selecting signal for selecting or establishing the neutral position N or parking position P. If a negative determination is obtained in step S1, the control flow goes to step S5 in which a shifting control or any other control not associated with the limitation of the engine output is implemented.
When an affirmative determination is obtained in step S1, the control flow goes to step S2 corresponding to the electric-motor-speed determining portion 90, to determine whether the detected operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 is equal to higher than the predetermined upper limit of 5000 rpm. If a negative determination is obtained in step S2, this indicates that the second electric motor speed NM2 and the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 will not exceed the predetermined upper limit, and the control flow goes to step S4 in which the output of the engine 8 is held at the present value. In this case, one execution of the control routine is terminated with implementation of step S4.
When an affirmative determination is obtained in step S2, the control flow goes to step S3 corresponding to the excessive speed preventing portion 86, to limit the output of the engine 8, for thereby limiting rises of the speeds of the second electric motor M2 and power transmitting member 18. For instance, the output of the engine 8 is limited by at least one of the fuel cut control and the reduction of the operating angle θTH of the electronic throttle valve 62.
The control apparatus in the form of the electronic control device 80 according to the present embodiment of the invention is configured such that the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is operated to limit the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 functioning as the output shaft of the differential portion 11 and the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2, upon determination by the shift-position determining portion 88 that the power transmitting path between the power transmitting member 18 and the drive wheels 34 is switched by the switching portion in the form of the shifting device 50 from the power transmitting state to the power cut-off state. Accordingly, the control apparatus prevents an excessive rise of the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18, making it possible to prevent the deterioration of the durability of the rotary elements of the differential portion 11 and the second electric motor M2.
The present embodiment is further configured to limit the output of the engine 8 for reducing the torque of the power transmitting member 18. The reduction of the torque of the power transmitting member 18 results in preventing excessive rises of the rotating speed N18 of the power transmitting member 18 and the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 connected to the power transmitting member 18.
The present embodiment is arranged such that the amount of limitation of the output of the engine 8 is larger when the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 is relatively high than when the operating speed NM2 is relatively low. According to this arrangement, the output of the engine 8 is not limited, during running of the vehicle at a relatively low speed (with the second electric motor speed NM2 being lower than the upper limit of 5000 rpm), to prevent excessive rises of the speeds of the differential portion 11, second electric motor M2 and power transmitting member 18, while at the same time the shifting action from the drive position D to the neutral position N can be normally implemented. During running of the vehicle at a relatively high speed, on the other hand, the output of the engine 8 is limited to effectively prevent the excessive rises of the speeds of the differential portion 11, second electric motor M2 and power transmitting member 18.
The present embodiment is further configured to implement the fuel cut control of the engine 8 to limit the output of the engine 8, so that the torque of the power transmitting member 18 is reduced to limit the speeds of the power transmitting member 18 and second electric motor M2.
The present embodiment may be alternately configured to set the upper limit of the angle of opening θTH of the electronic throttle valve 62 of the engine 8, to limit the output of the engine, so that the torque of the power transmitting member 18 is reduced to limit the speeds of the power transmitting member 18 and second electric motor M2.
The present embodiment is further arranged such that the shifting device 50 including the shift lever 52 switches the automatic transmission portion 20 constituting a part of the power transmitting path, between the power transmitting state and the power cut-off state, according to an operation of the shift lever 52 having the plurality of shift positions PSH including the power cut-off positions in the form of the neutral and parking positions N, P.
In the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the electrically controlled differential portion 11 is operable as a continuously-variable transmission by controlling the operating state of the first electric motor M1, so that the vehicle drive torque can be smoothly changed. It is noted that the differential portion is operable not only as an electrically controlled continuously-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is continuously variable, but also as a step-variable transmission the speed ratio of which is variable in steps so that the overall speed ratio of the transmission mechanism 10 can be changed to rapidly change the vehicle drive torque.
The present embodiment is further configured such that the shift-position determining portion 88 determines whether the shifting device 52 has generated the shift-position selecting signal selecting the neutral position N or parking position P. When the shift-position determining portion 88 determines that this shift-position selecting signal has been generated from the shifting device 50, the frictional coupling devices such as the first clutch C1 that have been engaged to establish the power transmitting gear positions (to place the power transmitting path in the power transmitting state) are expected to be disengaged with reduction of the pressure of the working pressure applied thereto. However, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is operated to implement the fail-safe control by preventing an excessive rise of the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18.
Referring next to
The excessive speed preventing portion 86 may prevent excessive rises of the speeds of the second electric motor M2 and power transmitting member 18, by suitably controlling the speed NM1 of the first electric motor M1.
The flow chart of
Steps S1, S2 and S5 of the control routine of the flow chart of
The control apparatus in the form of the electronic control device 80 arranged to execute the control routine of
While the preferred embodiments of this invention have been described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the present invention may be otherwise embodied.
In the illustrated embodiments, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is configured to limit the output of the engine 8 or raise the operating speed NM1 of the first electric motor M1, for thereby limiting the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18 which functions as the output shaft of the differential portion 11 and the input shaft of the automatic transmission portion 20. However, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 may limit the rotating speed of the power transmitting member 18, by both limiting the output of the engine 8 and raising the second electric motor speed NM2.
In the illustrated embodiments, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 is configured to limit the output of the engine 8 when the power transmitting path is switched to the power cut-off state, but not limit the output of the engine 8 when the power transmitting path is placed in the power transmitting state. However, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 may be configured to limit the output of the engine 8 such that an amount of limitation of the output is larger when the power transmitting path is placed in the power cut-off state than when the power transmitting path is placed in the power transmitting state.
In the illustrated first embodiment, the excessive speed preventing portion 86 limits the output of the engine 8 when the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 is not lower than the upper limit of 5000 rpm. However, the upper limit of the second electric motor speed NM2 may be suitably determined depending upon the specific characteristics of the vehicular drive system in the form of the transmission mechanism 10.
While the first embodiment is arranged such that the amount of limitation of the output of the engine 8 changes with the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2, according to the engine output limiting map indicated in
The first embodiment is arranged such that the output of the engine 8 continuously or gradually decreases with an increase of the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2. This arrangement is not essential. For instance, the output of the engine 8 may decrease in steps depending upon the second electric motor speed NM2
While the engine output limiting map which represents a relationship between the operating speed NM2 of the second electric motor M2 and the output of the engine 8 is used to limit the output of the engine 8, the torque of the engine 8 may be limited depending upon the second electric motor speed NM2, since the output and torque of the engine 8 correspond to each other.
In the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the second electric motor M2 is connected directly to the power transmitting member 18. However, the second electric motor M2 may be connected to any portion of the power transmitting path between the differential portion 11 and the drive wheels 34, either directly or indirectly through a suitable transmission device.
Although the differential portion 11 functions as an electrically controlled continuously variable transmission the gear ratio γ0 of which is continuously variable from the minimum value γ0 min to the maximum value γ0 max, the differential portion 11 may be modified such that its speed ratio γ0 is not variable continuously, but is variable in steps by utilizing its differential function. The present invention is applicable to a hybrid vehicle drive system including the differential portion modified as described above.
The differential portion 11 may be provided with a differential limiting device provided in the power distributing mechanism 16 and operable to limit the differential function of the differential portion 11 for thereby enabling the differential portion 11 to operate as a step-variable transmission having two forward-drive gear positions.
In the power distributing mechanism 16 in the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the first carrier CA1 is fixed to the engine 8, and the first sun gear S1 is fixed to the first electric motor M1 while the first ring gear R1 is fixed to the power distributing member 18. However, this arrangement is not essential. The engine 8, first electric motor M1 and power transmitting member 18 may be fixed to any other elements selected from the three elements CA1, S1 and R1 of the first planetary gear set 24.
While the engine 8 is directly fixed to the input shaft 14 in the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the engine 8 may be operatively connected to the input shaft 14 through any suitable member such as gears and a belt, and need not be disposed coaxially with the input shaft 14.
In the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the first and second electric motors M1, M2 are disposed coaxially with the input shaft 14 such that the first electric motor M1 is connected to the first sun gear S1 while the second electric motor M2 is connected to the power transmitting member 18. However, this arrangement is not essential. For instance, the first electric motor M1 may be operatively connected to the first sun gear S1 through gears, a belt or a speed reduction device, while the second electric motor M2 may be connected to the power transmitting member 18.
Each of the hydraulically operated frictional coupling devices used as the first clutch C1 and second clutch C2 in the illustrated transmission mechanism 10 may be replaced by a coupling device of a magnetic-power type, an electromagnetic type or a mechanical type, such as a powder clutch (magnetic powder clutch), an electromagnetic clutch and a meshing type dog clutch. When an electromagnetic type clutch is used, the valve device incorporated in the hydraulic control unit 70 is replaced by a solenoid switching device arranged to switch an electric signal control circuit for controlling the electromagnetic type clutch.
In the illustrated embodiment, the automatic transmission portion 20 is connected in series to the differential portion 11 through the power transmitting member 18. However, the automatic transmission portion 20 may be disposed coaxially with a counter shaft disposed parallel to the input shaft 14. In this case, the differential portion 11 and the automatic transmission portion 20 are connected to each other through a suitable power transmitting member or members in the form of a pair of counter gears, or sprockets and a chain, such that a rotary motion can be transmitted between the differential portion 11 and the automatic transmission portion 20.
Further, the differential mechanism in the form of the power distributing mechanism 16 provided in the illustrated embodiment may be replaced by a differential gear device including a pinion rotated by the engine 8, and a pair of bevel gears which mesh with the pinion and which are operatively connected to the first electric motor M1 and the power transmitting member 18 (second electric motor M2).
While the power distributing mechanism 16 in the illustrated embodiment is constituted by one planetary gear set 24, it may be constituted by two or more planetary gear sets so that the power distributing mechanism 16 is operable as a transmission having three or more gear positions in the non-differential state (fixed-speed-ratio shifting state). The planetary gear sets are not limited to the single-pinion type, and may be of a double-pinion type. Where the power distributing mechanism 16 is constituted by two ore more planetary gear sets, the engine 8, first and second electric motors M1, M2 and power transmitting member 18 are operatively connected to respective rotary elements of the planetary gear sets, and the power distributing mechanism 16 is switched between its step-variable and continuously-variable shifting states, by controlling the clutches C and brakes B connected to the respective rotary elements of the planetary gear sets.
While the engine 8 and the differential portion 11 are connected directly to each other in the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, they may be connected to each other indirectly through a clutch.
In the illustrated transmission mechanism 10, the differential portion 11 and the automatic transmission portion 20 are connected in series to each other. However, the control apparatus according to the present invention is equally applicable to a drive system in which an electrically controlled differential portion and a step-variable transmission portion are not mechanically independent of each other, provided the drive system as a whole has an electric differential function, and a shifting function different from the electric differential function. Further, the electrically controlled differential portion and the step-variable transmission portion may be suitably disposed in a desired order in the drive system.
While the shifting device 50 used in the illustrated transmission mechanism 10 is provided with the shift lever 52 operable to select one of the shift positions PSH, the shift lever 52 may be replaced by a switch such as a pushbutton switch or a slide-type switch, or any switching device, which is operable to select one of the shift positions PSH. The switching device may be operable by a voice generated by the vehicle operator or a foot of the vehicle operator, rather than by hand, to select one of the shift positions PSH. Although the illustrated transmission mechanism 10 is arranged such that the number of the gear positions of the automatic transmission portion 20 available can be changed by operating the shift lever 52 from the manual forward-drive shifting position M to a shift-up position “+” or a shift-down position “−”, the highest gear position available may be set in the manual forward-drive shifting position M. When the fourth gear position is selected as the highest gear position by operating the shift lever 52 to the shift-up position “+” or shift-down position “−”, for example, the automatic transmission portion 20 is automatically shifted to one of the first gear position through the fourth gear position.
It is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative purpose only, and that the present invention may be embodied with various changes and modifications which may occur to those skilled in the art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-187385 | Jul 2007 | JP | national |
