Patent Application
20250203584
The present invention relates to a control apparatus that determines an access point cluster for each user equipment in an open radio access network, a method, and a storage medium.
In a known cellular system, radio signal interference between cells may cause the communication quality to be degraded at the cell edge. Regarding this, in Beyond 5G (5G, fifth generation mobile communication systems), CF-mMIMO (Cell-free massive MIMO) is being focused on as a communication scheme that can resolve interference between cells and can make the user throughput uniform. By collectively processing signals transmitted and received by dispersed APs (Access points) at a CPU (Central processing unit), the APs can cooperate so that optimization of the radio signals for which spatial multiplexing is performed for each user equipment is possible.
To reduce the signal processing amount at the CPU, an AP clustering technology has been proposed that selects an AP group (AP cluster) for transmitting and receiving data for each user (Non Patent Literature (NPL 1): E. Björnson and L. Sanguinetti, “Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems”, in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 4247-4261 July 2020.). By cooperative processing being executed only for the transmitting and receiving of signals of the AP cluster for each user, the signal processing amount at the CPU can be reduced.
Regarding determining a specific AP cluster, in order to select an appropriate AP cluster according to the movement of the user, the AP cluster can be controlled using RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller) specified in O-RAN (open radio access network) (NPL 2: O-RAN WG1, “Use Cases Detailed Specification”, v06.00.02). Also, as an AP cluster selection method when using CF-mMIMO, a method of selecting an AP on the basis of an SS-RSRP (SS (synchronization signal)-reference signal received power), which is a known IF (interface) has been proposed (NPL 1), wherein the AP with the highest RSRP is set as the master AP, and the AP with an RSRP within a threshold from the RSRP of the master AP are set as the AP cluster of the UE.
Regarding this, the SS-RSRP may be set as a quality measurement value using a synchronization signal (NPL 3: 3GPP TS28.552, “5G performance measurements”, v16.1.0), and the received power per AP (RU) can be obtained by a DU (distributed unit corresponding to a CPU).
With known AP clustering technology, interference between reference signals may occur.
In other words, with CF-mMIMO, processing is executed to remove interference from signals transmitted and received by the AP cluster using an estimation channel calculated from a reference signal. As a reference signal, a DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for uplink post coding or an SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) for downlink precoding is used.
REs (Resource Elements) used in DMRS/SRS are allocated to each UE that a DU (distributed unit, corresponding to a CPU) connects to in a 3GPP standard (NPL 4: 3GPP TS38.211, “Physical channels and modulation”). An RE region that can be used in DMRS/SRS is defined in the 3GPP standard, and because of an upper limit, depending on the congestion status, reference signal interference between UEs using the same RE occurs, which may lead to degradation of the channel estimation accuracy. In a case where the channel estimation accuracy is low, the interference removal processing using MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) or the like may not function sufficiently, leading to a reduction in the wireless quality.
Example EX2 of
In light of the problems with the known technology described above, the present invention provides technology for enabling an AP cluster to be selected so as avoid interference between reference signals.
A control apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a control apparatus for a radio access network of an O-RAN (open radio access network) specification, the radio access network being provided with a user equipment, an access point that transmits and receives radio signals with a user equipment, a plurality of signal processing apparatuses that execute signal processing for an access point, and the control apparatus, the control apparatus executing: first processing of receiving, from each one of the plurality of signal processing apparatuses, information of a received power of a reference signal which is transmitted via uplink and/or downlink between a user equipment and an access point; second processing of receiving, from each one of the plurality of signal processing apparatuses, information of a resource element allocated to a reference signal from a user equipment that the signal processing apparatus serves; and third processing of selecting, for each user equipment, an access point that serves the user equipment on a basis of the information of a received power received in the first processing and the information of a resource element received in the second processing.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Note that the same reference numerals denote the same or like components throughout the accompanying drawings.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the invention.
In the RAN 1, a plurality of access points (AP) 2 (AP #1, AP #2, . . . ) are disposed in a dispersed arrangement. In the RAN 1, from among the plurality of dispersed APs 2, an AP cluster (access point group) for transmitting and receiving radio signals is formed for each user equipment (UE). In the example of
Note that the example of
Each AP 2 of an AP cluster of a certain UE transmits and receives radio signals with the UE via its own antenna 3. For example, two APs 2 (AP #1 and AP #2) of the access point group for the UE #1 transmit and receive radio signals with the UE #1 via each antenna 3.
Each AP cluster is connected in a communication-enabling manner to an O-DU (distributed unit) 6 serving it. The O-DU 6 executes signal processing relating to the AP cluster that it serves. In the example of
The signal processing relating to the access point group executed by the O-DU 6 is, for example, SU-MIMO (Single User MIMO), MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO), or similar signal processing.
The O-DU #1 is provided in a central site 4 and connected to a core network CNW. The O-DU #2 is provided in an edge site #1_5 (here, an underscore is used as a delimiter for differentiating between the identification number #1 and the reference number 5 and the same applies hereinafter) and connected to the core network CNW via the central site 4. A MEC (Multi-access Edge Computer) server 7 is provided in the edge site #1_5. The O-DU #3 is provided in an edge site #2_5. The MEC server 7 is provided in the edge site #25.
A communication control system 10 is connected in a communication-enabling manner to each site 4, 5. The communication control system 10 performs control for each O-DU 6. The communication control system 10 provides information for forming an AP cluster corresponding to the UE to the O-DU 6. The O-DU 6 forms an AP cluster corresponding to the UE that it serves, on the basis of the information provided from the communication control system 10.
The Non-RT RIC 11 and the Near-RT RIC 12 collects information such as KPI (key performance indicators), for example, from the O-DU 6 via an O1 interface. The O1 interface is specified by the O-RAN (NPL 2 described above) specification. The parameters that can be collected by the O1 interface correspond to the parameters specified in NPL 3 described above. Examples of the parameters include DL PRB usage, UL PRB usage, Average DL UE throughput, Average UL UE throughput, Number of PDU Sessions requested, and the like.
The Non-RT RIC 11 analyzes the information collected from the O-DU 6 and performs a settings change for the Near-RT RIC 12 on the basis of the analysis result. Here, the Non-RT RIC 11 provides the settings change information to the Near-RT RIC 12 via an A1 interface. The Al interface is specified in the O-RAN specification.
The Near-RT RIC 12 analyzes the information collected from the O-DU 6 and performs a settings change for the O-DU 6 on the basis of the analysis result. Here, the Near-RT RIC 12 provides the settings change information to the O-DU 6 via an E2 interface. The E2 interface is specified in the O-RAN specification.
Note that as illustrated in
A cluster selection method for implementing interference removal according to the present embodiment will be described below. The present embodiment is as described as follows in terms of the overview, and includes adding information that is collected in a known framework.
In other words, the cluster selection of a known method according to NPL 1 and 3 has the following problem. Specifically, power information such as SS-RSRP is included in the information collected for cluster selection from the DU to the RIC. However, since allocation information for each UE of the DMRS/SRS resource which is the reference signal used in each uplink and downlink is not included, the information is not obtained at the RIC. (In other words, with a known method, at the E2/O1 interface, Performance Measurements information as specified in 3GPP 28.552 (NPL 3) can be collected. In 3GPP 28.552, as the MU-MIMO-related Performance Measurements, scheduling statistical information such as Scheduled PUSCH/PDSCH RBs per layer of MU-MIMO or the like and power information such as SS-RSRP and the like are specified. However, DMRS/SRS-related information is not specified.)
Accordingly, with a known method, the RIC cannot identify an AP with high interference due to the DMRS/SRS resources overlapping across UEs, and the RIC may select, as the AP cluster, an AP with a high SS-RSRP but a low channel estimation accuracy due to DMRS/SRS interference. As a result, at the AP with a low channel estimation accuracy and a large error between the actual channel and the estimation channel, interference isolation by the MIMO may not sufficiently function and high wireless quality may be unable to be ensured.
In light of the problem described above, in the present embodiment, resource allocation information of the two reference signals described below for each of uplink and downlink is added to the data collection IF (E2/O1 interface of the O-RAN) from the DU to the RIC, and control is performed to form an AP cluster on the basis of this information. Note that the AP cluster formed as a result can be assumed to mainly be the same for both uplink and downlink. However, the AP cluster formed for uplink and downlink may be different.
Also, hereinafter, Near-RT RIC will be abbreviated to RIC.
Note that before the process of
(a) Transmitting, from the RIC to the CPU, access point group information (information of the AP cluster for each UE) indicating the configuration of the AP group for transmitting and receiving radio signals for each UE from among the plurality of dispersed APs.
(b) The CPU receiving the access point group information transmitted from the RIC, executing signal processing (channel estimation involving interference removal and the like) relating to the access points on the basis of the received access point group information, and forming an AP cluster for each UE.
Alternatively, reforming the AP cluster with the method according to the present embodiment may be continuously performed.
Each step of an embodiment relating to the uplink of
In step S10, each UE transmits a reference signal for SS-RSRP measurement to the corresponding AP (AP of the AP cluster already determined for the UE), and the received power of the SS-RSRP is measured at the AP. In step S11, each AP transmits the information of the SS-RSRP measured for each UE to the CPU.
In step S12, the CPU transmits the SS-RSRP information (information of the SS-RSRP of all APs and all UEs handled by the CPU) to the RIC via the E2 interface.
In step S13, as additional collection information according to the present embodiment as described above in summary, the CPU transmits DMRS resource allocation information to the RIC via the E2 interface. In other words, for all UEs handled and managed by the CPU, the allocation information of the resources (frequency band in an RB (resource block)) of a DMRS reference signal is transmitted to the RIC. (Note that for a cluster already formed before the start of the flow of
In step S14, the CPU selects an AP cluster to be formed for each UE using each piece of information received in steps S12 and S13. In step S15, the information of the selected AP cluster is transmitted to the CPU via the E2 interface by the RIC. In step S16, the AP cluster in the CPU is updated by the AP cluster selected and transmitted, and an instruction is transmitted to each AP and each UE so as to cause the updated AP cluster to be formed.
The cluster selection in step S14 may be performed using the SS-RSRP information received in step S12. For example, as in the known method of NPL 1 described above, the AP with the highest RSRP may be set as the master AP, and the APs within a threshold from the RSRP of the master AP may be set as the AP cluster of the UE.
In the present embodiment, further, in the cluster selection based on the SS-RSRP information as described above, by applying a restriction using the DMRS resource allocation information received in step S13, an AP that may cause interference can be made to not be selected. Specifically, by performing the processing 1 and 2 described below, an AP that may cause interference can be excluded.
To obtain the interference state of the reference signal, the SIR (signal-to-interference ratio) of each UE-AP group between the UEs allocated with the same resources is calculated as follows.
Reference signal SIR=S/I
Here, S is a value received in step S12 as the RSRP between UE_k (k is an identifier of the UE, and k=1, 2, . . . , and so on) and AP_i (i is an identifier of the AP, and i=1, 2, . . . , and so on) and, I is a total value of the RSRP from all of the UE_k′ using the same resource (a DMRS signal at the same frequency band corresponds to the same resource, regardless of the target AP) as UE_k, where UEs other than UE_k are UE_k′ (k′ #k).
A cluster selection restriction is applied so that AP_i with an SIR, calculated as described above, that is equal to or less than the threshold is not included in the AP cluster of UE_k. (If the SIR is greater than the threshold, this restriction is not applied.)
In step S14, as described above, an AP cluster is re-formed avoiding any
APs with a low channel estimation accuracy, and in step S16, the AP cluster is updated to the re-formed AP cluster. This can prevent a decrease in the channel estimation accuracy in the steps following step S17 and the wireless quality can be improved.
In step S17, on the basis of the re-formed AP cluster, a signal storing DMRS and data per RB is transmitted to the corresponding AP from each UE; in step S18, each AP transmits the result of demodulation of the DMRS signal and data to the CPU; in step S19, channel estimation is performed using this result; in step S20, weights of the channel estimation result (a channel matrix of estimated characteristics of transmission paths from the transmitting side UE to the receiving side AP) is generated; in step S21, post coding processing is executed; and then the flow of
Each step of an embodiment relating to the downlink of
In step S30, each AP transmits a reference signal for SS-RSRP measurement to the corresponding UE (UE belonging to the AP cluster already determined for the AP), and the received power of the SS-RSRP at the UE is measured and the measurement results are sent back to the AP. In step S31, each AP transmits the information of the SS-RSRP measured for each UE to the CPU.
In step S32, the CPU transmits the SS-RSRP information (information of the SS-RSRP of all APs and all UEs served by the CPU) to the RIC via the E2 interface.
In step S33, as additional collection information according to the present embodiment as described above in summary, the CPU transmits SRS resource allocation information to the RIC via the E2 interface. In other words, for all UEs served and managed by the CPU, the allocation information of the resources (frequency band in an RB (resource block) of a SRS reference signal is transmitted to the RIC. (Note that for a cluster already formed before the start of the flow of
In step S34, the CPU selects an AP cluster to be formed for each UE using each piece of information received in steps S32 and S33. In step S35, the information of the selected AP cluster is transmitted to the CPU via the E2 interface by the CPU. In step S36, the AP cluster in the CPU is updated by the AP cluster selected and transmitted, and an instruction is transmitted to each AP and each UE so as to cause the updated AP cluster to be formed.
The cluster selection of step S34 may be performed using the SS-RSRP information received in step S32. For example, as in the known method of NPL 1 described above, the AP with the highest RSRP may be set as the master AP and the APs within a threshold from the RSRP of the master AP may be set as the AP cluster of the UE.
In the present embodiment, further, in the cluster selection based on the SS-RSRP information as described above, by applying a restriction using the SRS resource allocation information received in step S33, an AP that may cause interference can be made to not be selected. Specifically, in a similar manner to step S14 of
In step S34, as described above, an AP cluster is re-formed avoiding any APs with a low channel estimation accuracy and in step S36, the AP cluster is updated to the re-formed AP cluster. This can prevent a decrease in the channel estimation accuracy in the steps following step S37 and the wireless quality can be improved.
In step S37, on the basis of the re-formed AP cluster, an SRS signal is transmitted to the corresponding AP from each UE; in step S38, each AP transmits the received power of the SRS signal to the CPU; in step S39, the CPU performs channel estimation using this result; in step S40, weights of the channel estimation result (a channel matrix of estimated characteristics of transmission paths from the transmitting side UE to the receiving side AP) is generated; in step S41, the CPU executes precoding processing; in step S42, the CPU transmits the DL data (the weights obtained through the precoding processing) to the AP; in step S43, the AP further transmits the received DL data to the UE; and then the flow of
According to the embodiment described above, an AP cluster can be selected while avoiding interference between reference signals. Various supplementary examples, alternative examples, additional examples, and the like will be described below.
The communication control system 10 includes computer hardware such as a CPU, a memory, and the like, and each function of the communication control system 10 is implemented by the CPU executing a computer program stored in the memory. Note that the communication control system 10 may be configured using a general-purpose computer apparatus or may be configured as a dedicated hardware apparatus. For example, the communication control system 10 may be configured using a server computer connected to a communication network. Also, each function of the communication control system 10 may be implemented by cloud computing. Also, communication control system 10 may be implemented by an individual computer or may be implemented by the functions of the communication control system 10 being dispersed amongst a plurality of computers.
According to the present invention, by using information of resource elements, an AP cluster can be selected so as to avoid interference between reference signals.
According to the communication control system 10 of the present embodiment, a contribution can be made to the infrastructure development of information communication technology. This contributes to Goal 9 of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) initiated by the United Nations of “building resilient infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation”.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-159226 | Oct 2022 | JP | national |
This application is a Continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2023/025068, filed Jul. 6, 2023, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-159226 filed Oct. 3, 2022, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2023/025068 | Jul 2023 | WO |
| Child | 19067279 | US |
