Patent Grant
11072223
The invention relates to a control apparatus of a heat exchanging system including a heater core heating system for heating a heater core for heating air supplied to an interior of a vehicle for warming the interior of the vehicle by heat exchanging water, and an engine cooling system for cooling an internal combustion engine by the heat exchanging water.
A control apparatus of the heat exchanging system including the heater core heating system and the engine cooling system is known (for example, see JP 2015-107979 A). The heater core heating system of the known heat exchanging system includes a heater water passage, through which the heat exchanging water flows, and a heater pump for circulating the heat exchanging water through the heater water passage. Further, the engine cooling system of the known heat exchanging system includes an engine water passage, through which the heat exchanging water flows, and an engine pump for circulating the heat exchanging water through the engine water passage.
Further, the known heat exchanging system includes a connection system for connecting the engine water passage and the heater water passage to each other. The known control apparatus applied to the known heat exchanging system separates the heater water passage from the engine water passage when a temperature of the heat exchanging water for cooling the internal combustion engine, is lower than a predetermined temperature.
On the other hand, when the temperature of the heat exchanging water for cooling the internal combustion engine, is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the known control apparatus is configured to connect the engine water passage to the heater water passage to supply the heat exchanging water having a temperature increased by cooling the engine, thereby heating the heater core by heat of the heat exchanging water.
It is requested for the heat exchanging system to activate the heater pump such that the heat exchanging water is supplied to the heater core at a requested core flow rate. The requested core flow rate is a flow rate necessary to be supplied to the heater core for maintaining a temperature of the heater core at a predetermined temperature.
When the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, a flow resistance of the heat exchanging system changes. Thus, a core flow rate which is a flow rate of the heat exchanging water supplied to the heater core, changes when duty ratios of the heater and engine pumps after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, are the same as the duty ratios of the heater and engine pumps before the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, respectively.
Therefore, when the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage while the heat exchanging water having the requested core flow rate, is supplied to the heater core, the core flow rate may decrease below the requested core flow rate. When the core flow rate decreases below the requested core flow rate, a temperature of the air (warmed air) supplied to the interior of the vehicle for warming the interior of the vehicle, may decrease. Thus, persons in the vehicle may feel discomfort.
The invention has made for solving the above-described problems. An object of the invention is to provide a control apparatus of a heat exchanging system capable of connecting an engine water passage to a heater water passage, preventing the core flow rate from decreasing below the requested core flow rate.
A heat exchanging system, to which a control apparatus according to the invention, includes a heater core heating system (30), an engine cooling system (10), a connection system (60), and a shut-off valve (36).
The heater core heating system (30) heats a heater core (31) by heat exchanging water. The heater core heats air to be supplied to an interior of a vehicle to warm the interior of the vehicle. The heater core heating system (30) includes a heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46), through which the heat exchanging water flows, a heat exchanger (33, 34) for heating the heat exchanging water flowing through the heater water passage, and a heater pump (32) for flowing the heat exchanging water through the heater water passage.
The engine cooling system (10) cools an internal combustion engine (11) by the heat exchanging water. The engine cooling system (10) includes an engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19), through which the heat exchanging water flows, and an engine pump (15) for flowing the heat exchanging water through the engine water passage.
The connection system (60) connects the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) to the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46) such that the heat exchanging water flows into the heater water passage from the engine water passage and flows out from the heater water passage into the engine water passage.
The shut-off valve (36) shuts off a particular water passage portion of the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46) between a portion of the heater water passage into which the heat exchanging water flows from the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) and a portion of the heater water passage from which the heat exchanging water flows out toward the engine water passage.
The control apparatus according to the invention comprises an electronic control unit (90) for controlling activations of the heater pump (32), the engine pump (15), the connection system (60), and the shut-off valve (36).
The electronic control unit (90) is configured to control a heater pump duty ratio (DH) for activating the heater pump (32) such that a core flow rate (Vhc) corresponds to a requested core flow rate (Vhc_req) (see a process of a step 1590 in
The electronic control unit (90) is configured to activate the connection system (60) to connect the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) to the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46), shutting off the particular water passage by the shut-off valve (36), and control the heater pump duty ratio (DH) and the engine pump duty ratio (DE) such that the core flow rate (Vhc) corresponds to the requested core flow rate (Vhc_req) and the engine flow rate (Veng) corresponds to the requested engine flow rate (Veng_req) (see processes of steps 1560 and 1570 in
The electronic control unit (90) is configured to execute a control for activating the connection system (60) to connect the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) to the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46) and then, execute a control for shutting off the particular water passage by the shut-off valve (36), a control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio (DH), and a control for decreasing the engine pump duty ratio (DE) (see the process of the step 1560 in
When the heater pump duty ratio decreases, the core flow rate decreases. Thus, the core flow rate may decrease below the requested core flow rate. As described above, when the core flow rate decreases below the requested core flow rate, the temperature of the air (i.e., the warmed air) supplied to the interior of the vehicle may decrease and thus, the person(s) in the vehicle may feel discomfort.
When the engine water pump is connected to the heater water passage, a flow resistance of the heat exchanging system including the engine water passage and the heater water passage, decreases. Thus, when the heater pump duty ratio and the engine pump duty ratio after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, is the same as the heater pump duty ratio and the engine pump duty ratio before the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, respectively, the core flow rate increases after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage.
The control apparatus according to the invention executes the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio after the control apparatus executes the control for connecting the engine water passage to the heater water passage. Therefore, the core flow rate is unlikely to decrease below the requested core flow rate when the control apparatus according to the invention executes the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio. Further, when the engine pump duty ratio decreases, the engine flow rate decreases. Thereafter, when the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system decreases due to a connection of the engine water passage to the heater water passage. However, in this case, the engine flow rate decreases. Therefore, the core flow rate may decrease to the requested core flow rate. According to the invention, the engine pump duty ratio decreases after the core flow rate increases due to the connection of the engine water passage to the heater water passage. Thus, the core flow rate is unlikely to decrease below the requested core flow rate due to decreasing of the engine pump duty ratio.
The electronic control unit (90) may be configured to execute the control for shutting off the particular water passage by the shut-off valve (36), the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio (DH), and the control for decreasing the engine pump duty ratio (DE) after the core flow rate (Vhc) starts to increase after the electronic control unit (90) executes the control for activating the connection system (60) to connect the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) to the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46) (see the process of the step 1560 in
As described above, when the heater pump duty decreases, the core flow rate decreases. Thus, the core flow rate may decrease below the requested core flow rate. As a result, the temperature of the air (i.e., the warmed air) supplied to the interior of the vehicle may decrease and thus, the person(s) in the vehicle may feel discomfort. Further, when the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system decreases. Thus, when the heater pump duty ratio and the engine pump duty ratio after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, is the same as the heater pump duty ratio and the engine pump duty ratio before the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, respectively, the core flow rate increases after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage.
According to the invention, the control for connecting the engine water passage to the heater water passage is executed before the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio is executed. Then, after the core flow rate has increased, the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio is executed. Therefore, the core flow rate has increased when the heater pump duty ratio decreases. Thus, it is ensured that the core flow rate is unlikely to decrease below the requested core flow rate.
The electronic control unit (90) may be configured to execute the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio (DH) after the electronic control unit (90) executes the control for shutting off the particular water passage by the shut-off valve (36) (see the process of the step 1560 in
As described above, when the heater pump duty ratio decreases, the core flow rate decreases. Thus, the core flow rate may decrease below the requested core flow rate. As a result, the temperature of the air (i.e., the warmed air) supplied to the interior of the vehicle may decrease and thus, the person(s) in the vehicle may feel discomfort. On the other hand, when the particular water passage has not been shut off by the shut-off valve after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage, the heat exchanging water flowing into the heater water passage from the engine water passage, meets the heat exchanging water flowing through the particular water passage. This leads to a resistance relative to the heat exchanging water flowing into the heater water passage from the engine water passage. Therefore, when the particular water passage is shut-off by the shut-off valve, the resistance relative to the heat exchanging water flowing into the heater water passage from the engine water passage, decreases. As a result, the core flow rate increases.
According to the invention, the particular water passage is shut off by the shut-off valve before the control for decreasing the heater pump duty ratio is executed. Therefore, the core flow rate has increased when the heater pump duty ratio decreases. Thus, it is ensured that the core flow rate is unlikely to decrease below the requested core flow rate.
The connection condition may include a condition that the engine circulation condition is satisfied.
The connection condition may include a condition that a first temperature of the heat exchanging water circulating in the engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) is higher than a second temperature of the heat exchanging water circulating in the heater water passage (40, 33W, 41, 31W, 42, 34W, 45, 46) when the engine water passage is not connected to the heater water passage.
According to the invention, the temperature of the heat exchanging water circulating in the engine water passage is higher than the temperature of the heat exchanging water circulating in the heater water passage. Thus, the temperature of the heat exchanging water circulating in the heater water passage may be prevented from decreasing when the heat exchanging water flows into the heater water passage from the engine water passage after the engine water passage is connected to the heater water passage.
The engine water passage (16, 11W, 17, 18, 12W, 19) may include an engine inner water passage (11W) formed in the internal combustion engine (11). In this case, the engine circulation condition may include a condition that a third temperature of the heat exchanging water in the engine inner water passage (11W) is higher than or equal to a predetermined temperature.
The engine circulation condition may include a condition that a difference between a temperature of one portion of the internal combustion engine (11) and a temperature of another portion of the internal combustion engine (11) is larger than or equal to a predetermined temperature difference.
The engine circulation condition may include a condition that the internal combustion engine (11) operates.
In the above description, for facilitating understanding of the present invention, elements of the present invention corresponding to elements of an embodiment described later are denoted by reference symbols used in the description of the embodiment accompanied with parentheses. However, the elements of the present invention are not limited to the elements of the embodiment defined by the reference symbols. The other objects, features, and accompanied advantages of the present invention can be easily understood from the description of the embodiment of the present invention along with the drawings.
Below, a control apparatus of a heat exchanging system according to an embodiment of the invention, will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in
The cooling system 10 includes an engine water passage for circulating the heat exchanging water. The heating system 30 includes a heater water passage for circulating the heat exchanging water.
The heat exchanging system includes a connection system 60 for connecting the engine water passage of the cooling system 10 and the heater water passage of the heating system 30 to each other. Hereinafter, an operation for connecting the engine water passage of the cooling system 10 and the heater water passage of the heating system 30 to each other, will be referred to as “the system connection operation”.
The cooling system 10 includes an engine inner water passage 11W, a radiator 12, an EGR cooler 13, a radiator flow rate control valve 14r, an EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e, an engine water pump 15, an engine inflow water passage 16, an engine outflow water passage 17, a radiator inflow water passage 18, a radiator outflow water passage 19, an EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, and an EGR cooler outflow water passage 21. Hereinafter, the engine water pump 15 will be referred to as “the engine pump 15”.
The engine inner water passage 11W is a water passage formed in a cylinder head (not shown) and a cylinder block (not shown) of the engine 11. The heat exchanging water flows through the engine inner water passage 11W as heat exchanging medium for exchanging heat with the cylinder head and the cylinder block. The heat exchanging water is generally liquid such as cooling water, radiator liquid, and coolant liquid.
When the heat exchanging water having a temperature lower than an engine temperature (i.e., a temperature of the engine 11), flows through the engine inner water passage 11W, the engine 11 is cooled by the heat exchanging water. On the other hand, when the heat exchanging water having a temperature higher than the engine temperature, flows through the engine inner water passage 11W, the engine 11 is heated or warmed by the heat exchanging water.
The radiator 12 includes tubes, fins and the like. The tubes define a water passage(s) 12W. The heat exchanging water flows through the water passage 12W. The fins are secured to the tubes. When the heat exchanging water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the fins of the radiator 12, flows through the water passage 12W, the heat exchanging water is cooled by the radiator 12. Hereinafter, the water passage 12W will be referred to as “the radiator inner water passage 12W”.
The EGR cooler 13 includes tubes, fins and the like. The tubes define a water passage(s) 13W. The heat exchanging water flows through the water passage 13W. The fins are secured to the tubes. When the heat exchanging water having a temperature lower than a temperature of the fins of the EGR cooler 13, flows through the water passage 13W, the fins are cooled by the heat exchanging water. Hereinafter, the water passage 13W will be referred to as “the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W”.
The EGR cooler 13 is a device for cooling an EGR gas. The EGR gas is an exhaust gas supplied to combustion chambers of the engine 11 by an exhaust gas recirculation system. The exhaust gas recirculation system supplies the exhaust gas by introducing the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chambers to an exhaust passage, to an intake passage.
The engine inflow water passage 16, the engine outflow water passage 17, the radiator inflow water passage 18, the radiator outflow water passage 19, the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, and the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21 are water passages, through which the heat exchanging water flows, and defined by pipes, respectively.
The engine pump 15 is an electric water pump driven by electric power. The engine pump 15 is provided in the engine inflow water passage 16. A downstream end of the engine inflow water passage 16 is connected to an inlet of the engine inner water passage 11W. An outlet of the engine inner water passage 11W is connected to an upstream end of the engine outflow water passage 17.
A downstream end of the engine outflow water passage 17 is connected to an upstream end of the radiator inflow water passage 18 and an upstream end of the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20 at a connection portion P1. A downstream end of the radiator inflow water passage 18 is connected to an inlet of the radiator inner water passage 12W. An outlet of the radiator inner water passage 12W is connected to an upstream end of the radiator outflow water passage 19. A downstream end of the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20 is connected to an inlet of the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W. An outlet of the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W is connected to an upstream end of the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21. A downstream end of the radiator outflow water passage 19 and a downstream end of the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21 are connected to an upstream end of the engine inflow water passage 16 at a connection portion P2.
An engine water passage of the cooling system 10 is defined by the engine inner water passage 11W, the engine outflow water passage 17, the radiator inflow water passage 18, the radiator inner water passage 12W, the radiator outflow water passage 19, the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W, the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21, and the engine inflow water passage 16.
In this regard, the engine water passage of the cooling system 10 may be defined by the engine inner water passage 11W, the engine outflow water passage 17, the radiator inflow water passage 18, the radiator inner water passage 12W, the radiator outflow water passage 19, and the engine inflow water passage 16. Alternatively, the engine water passage of the cooling system 10 may be defined by the engine inner water passage 11W, the engine outflow water passage 17, the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W, the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21, and the engine inflow water passage 16.
The radiator flow rate control valve 14r is provided in the radiator outflow water passage 19. The radiator flow rate control valve 14r is a valve for controlling a flow rate of the heat exchanging water flowing through the radiator outflow water passage 19. As an opening degree of the radiator flow rate control valve 14r increases, the flow rate of the heat exchanging water passing through the radiator flow rate control valve 14r increases. Hereinafter, the radiator flow rate control valve 14r will be referred to as “the first control valve 14r”.
The EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e is provided in the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21. The EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e is a valve for controlling the flow rate of the heat exchanging water flowing through the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21. As an opening degree of the EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e increases, the flow rate of the heat exchanging water passing through the EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e increases. Hereinafter, the EGR cooler flow rate control valve 14e will be referred to as “the second control valve 14e”. It should be noted that the second control valve 14e may be omitted from the cooling system 10.
The heating system 30 includes a heater core 31, a heater water pump 32, a heat pump 33, an exhaust heat recovery device 34, a blower 35, a shut-off valve 36, a heat pump inflow water passage 40, a heater core inflow water passage 41, a heater core outflow water passage 42, an exhaust heat recovery device outflow water passage 45, a circulation water passage 46, a heater switch 78, and a temperature setting switch 79.
Hereinafter, the heater water pump 32 will be referred as “the heater pump 32”, and the heat recovery device outflow water passage 45 will be referred to as “the EHR outflow water passage 45”.
The heat pump inflow water passage 40, the core inflow water passage 41, the core outflow water passage 42, the EHR outflow water passage 45, and the circulation water passage 46 are water passages, through which the heat exchanging water flows, and defined by pipes, respectively.
The heater core 31 includes tubes, fins and the like. The tubes define a water passage(s) 31W. The heat exchanging water flows through the water passage 31W. The fins are secured to the tubes. When the heat exchanging water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the fins of the heater core 31, flows through the water passage 31W, the fins are heated by the heat exchanging water. Therefore, the heater core 31 is heated by the heat exchanging water flowing through the water passage 31W. Hereinafter, the water passage 31W will be referred to as “the core inner water passage 31W”.
As shown in
When the compressor 335 is activated, heat exchanging medium is discharged from the compressor 335. The discharged heat exchanging medium flows through the compressor 335, the condenser 332, the expansion valve 333, and the evaporator 334 and then, is suctioned into the compressor 335. When the heat exchanging medium passes through the evaporator 334, the heat exchanging medium removes heat from outside of the evaporator 334, thereby evaporates. When the heat exchanging medium passes through the condenser 332, the heat exchanging medium discharges the heat, thereby condenses. A temperature of the heat exchanger 331 is increased by the heat discharged from the heat exchanging medium. Further, a temperature of the heat exchanging water flowing through the heat pump inner water passage 33W, is increased by the heat of the heat exchanger 331.
Therefore, the heat pump 33 is a heat exchanger for heating the heat exchanging water circulating through the heater water passage.
As shown in
The heat exchanger 341 includes a passage 34W and a passage 34G. The heat exchanging water flows through the passage 34W. The exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chambers of the engine 11, flows through the passage 34G. Hereinafter, the passage 34W will be referred to as “the EHR inner water passage 34W”, and the passage 34G will be referred to as “the EHR exhaust gas passage 34G”.
The exhaust gas control valve 344 is provided in an exhaust passage 113 defined by an exhaust pipe 112. The exhaust pipe 112 is secured to the engine 11 such that the exhaust passage 113 communicates with exhaust ports (not shown) of the engine 11.
The exhaust gas inflow pipe 342 defines an exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1. An upstream end of the exhaust gas inflow pipe 342 is connected to the exhaust pipe 112 at a position upstream of the exhaust gas control valve 344 such that the exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1 communicates with the exhaust passage 113. A downstream end of the exhaust gas inflow pipe 342 is secured to the heat exchanger 341 such that the exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1 communicates with an inlet of the EHR exhaust gas passage 34G.
The exhaust gas outflow pipe 343 defines an exhaust gas outflow passage 34G2. An upstream end of the exhaust gas outflow pipe 343 is secured to the heat exchanger 341 such that the exhaust gas outflow passage 34G2 communicates with an outlet of the EHR exhaust gas passage 34G. A downstream end of the exhaust gas outflow pipe 343 is connected to the exhaust pipe 112 at a position downstream of the exhaust gas control valve 344 such that the exhaust gas outflow passage 34G2 communicates with the exhaust passage 113.
When the exhaust gas control valve 344 is open, the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas control valve 344. In this case, almost of the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas control valve 344 and then, flows into the exhaust passage 113 downstream of the exhaust gas control valve 344. Therefore, almost no exhaust gas flows into the exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1.
On the other hand, when the exhaust gas control valve 344 is closed, the exhaust gas does not pass through the exhaust gas control valve 344. In this case, almost of the exhaust gas flows into the exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1. The exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas inflow passage 34G1, flows through the EHR exhaust gas passage 34G and the exhaust gas outflow passage 34G2 and then, flows into the exhaust passage 113 downstream of the exhaust gas control valve 344.
When the exhaust gas passes through the EHR exhaust gas passage 34G, the heat exchanger 341 is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas. The heat exchanging water flowing through the EHR inner water passage 34W, is heated by the heat of the heat exchanger 341.
Therefore, the exhaust heat recovery device 34 is a heat exchanger for heating the heat exchanging water circulating through the heater water passage.
The heater pump 32 is an electric water pump driven by the electric power and is provided in the EHR outflow water passage 45. A downstream end of the EHR outflow water passage 45 is connected to an end of the circulation water passage 46 at a connection portion P3. The other end of the circulation water passage 46 is connected to an upstream end of the heat pump inflow water passage 40 at a connection portion P4. A downstream end of the heat pump inflow water passage 40 is connected to an inlet of the heat pump inner water passage 33W. An outlet of the heat pump inner water passage 33W is connected to an upstream end of the heater core inflow water passage 41. A downstream end of the heater core inflow water passage 41 is connected to an inlet of the core inner water passage 31W. An outlet of the core inner water passage 31W is connected to an upstream end of the heater core outflow water passage 42. A downstream end of the heater core outflow water passage 42 is connected to an inlet of the EHR inner water passage 34W. An outlet of the EHR inner water passage 34W is connected to an upstream end of the EHR outflow water passage 45.
The connection system 60 includes a connection valve 61, a connection inflow water passage 62, and a connection outflow water passage 63. The connection inflow water passage 62 connects a portion P5 of the engine outflow water passage 17 to the connection portion P4, at which the circulation water passage 46 and the heat pump inflow water passage 40 are connected to each other. The connection outflow water passage 63 connects a portion P6 of the engine inflow water passage 16 to the connection portion P3, at which the EHR outflow water passage 45 and the circulation water passage 46 are connected to each other.
The connection valve 61 is provided in the connection inflow water passage 62. When the connection valve 61 is open, the heat exchanging water may pass through the connection valve 61. On the other hand, when the connection valve 61 is closed, the heat exchanging water may not pass through the connection valve 61.
The embodiment apparatus includes an ECU 90. The ECU 90 is an electronic control unit. In particular, the ECU 90 is an electronic control circuit including as a main component a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an interface and the like. The CPU realizes various functions described later by executing instructions or routines stored in a memory such as the ROM.
The ECU 90 is electrically connected to the engine pump 15, the first control valve 14r, the second control valve 14e, a water temperature sensor 70, an ignition switch 72, an acceleration pedal operation amount sensor 73, and a crank angle sensor 74. Activations of the engine pump 15, the first control valve 14r, and the second control valve 14e are controlled by the ECU 90 as described later.
The water temperature sensor 70 is provided in the engine outflow water passage 17 upstream of the connection portion P5, at which the engine outflow water passage 17 and the connection inflow water passage 62 are connected to each other. The water temperature sensor 70 detects a temperature TWeng of the heat exchanging water flowing through the engine outflow water passage 17 upstream of the connection portion P5 and sends a signal representing the temperature TWeng to the ECU 90. The ECU 90 acquires the temperature TWeng on the basis of the signal. Hereinafter, the temperature TWeng will be referred to as “the engine water temperature TWeng”.
The ignition switch 72 is operated by a driver of a vehicle, on which the engine 11 is mounted. When the ignition switch 72 is set to an ON position, the ignition switch 72 sends a high signal to the ECU 90. On the other hand, when the ignition switch 72 is set to an OFF position, the ignition switch 72 sends a low signal to the ECU 90. When the ECU 90 receives the high signal, the ECU 90 causes an engine operation (i.e., an operation of the engine 11) to start. On the other hand, when the ECU 90 receives the low signal, the ECU 90 causes the engine operation to stop.
The acceleration pedal operation amount sensor 73 detects an operation amount AP of an acceleration pedal (not shown) and sends a signal representing the operation amount AP to the ECU 90. The ECU 90 acquires an engine load KL (i.e., a load of the engine 11) on the basis of the signal.
The crank angle sensor 74 sends a pulse signal to the ECU 90 every a crank shaft (not shown) rotates by a predetermined angle. The ECU 90 acquires an engine speed NE (i.e., a rotation speed of the engine 11) on the basis of the pulse signal, etc.
Further, the ECU 90 is electrically connected to the heater pump 32, the compressor 335 of the heat pump 33, the exhaust gas control valve 344 of the exhaust heat recovery device 34, the blower 35, the shut-off valve 36, the connection valve 61, a water temperature sensor 75, a water temperature sensor 76, the heater switch 78, and the temperature setting switch 79. Activations of the heater pump 32, the compressor 335 of the heat pump 33, the exhaust gas control valve 344 of the exhaust heat recovery device 34, the blower 35, the shut-off valve 36, and the connection valve 61 are controlled by the ECU 90 as described later.
The blower 35 is a device for blowing air toward the heater core 31, thereby heating the air by the heat of the heater core 31. The air heated by the heat of the heater core 31, is supplied to an interior of the vehicle.
The water temperature sensor 75 is provided in the EHR outflow water passage 45. The water temperature sensor 75 detects a temperature TWehr of the heat exchanging water flowing from the exhaust heat recovery device 34 and sends a signal representing the temperature TWehr to the ECU 90. The ECU 90 acquires the temperature TWehr on the basis of the signal. Hereinafter, the temperature TWehr will be referred to as “the EHR water temperature TWehr”.
The water temperature sensor 76 is provided in the core inflow water passage 41. The water temperature sensor 76 detects a temperature TWhc of the heat exchanging water flowing into the heater core 31 from the heat pump 33 and sends a signal representing the temperature TWhc to the ECU 90. The ECU 90 acquires the temperature TWhc on the basis of the signal. Hereinafter, the temperature TWhc will be referred to as “the core water temperature TWhc”.
The heater switch 78 is operated by the driver of the vehicle, on which the engine 11 is mounted. When the heater switch 78 is set to an ON position, the heater switch 78 sends a high signal to the ECU 90. On the other hand, when the heater switch 78 is set to an OFF position, the heater switch 78 sends a low signal to the ECU 90. When the ECU 90 receives the high signal, the ECU 90 determines that the heater switch 78 is set to the ON position. On the other hand, when the ECU 90 receives the low signal, the ECU 90 determines that the heater switch 78 is set to the OFF position.
The temperature setting switch 79 is a switch operated by the driver for setting a temperature of the interior of the vehicle which the driver desires. The temperature setting switch 79 sends a signal representing a temperature Tset of the interior of the vehicle set by the driver, to the ECU 90. The ECU 90 acquires the temperature Tset on the basis of the signal. Hereinafter, the temperature Tset will be referred to as “the vehicle interior set temperature Tset”.
Further, the ECU 90 acquires a target of the core water temperature TWhc necessary for accomplishing the vehicle interior set temperature Tset. The ECU 90 sets the target of the core water temperature TWhc as a target core water temperature TWhc_tgt. The target core water temperature TWhc_tgt increases as the vehicle interior set temperature Tset increases. Further, the ECU 90 acquires a difference ΔTWhc of the core water temperature TWhc relative to the target core water temperature TWhc_tgt (ΔTWhc=TWhc_tgt—TWhc). Hereinafter, the difference ΔTWhc will be referred to as “the core water temperature difference ΔTWhc”.
When the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), the shut-off valve 36 is open, the first control valve 14r is open, and the second control valve 14e is open while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In particular, the heat exchanging water discharged from the engine pump 15, flows through the engine inflow water passage 16 and the engine inner water passage 11W and then, flows into the engine outflow water passage 17. A part of the heat exchanging water flowing into the engine outflow water passage 17, flows through the radiator inflow water passage 18, the radiator inner water passage 12W, the radiator outflow water passage 19, and the engine inflow water passage 16 and then, is suctioned into the engine pump 15.
On the other hand, the remaining of the heat exchanging water flowing into the engine outflow water passage 17, flows through the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W, the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21, and the engine inflow water passage 16 and then, is suctioned into the engine pump 15.
The heat exchanging water discharged from the heater pump 32, flows through the EHR outflow water passage 45, the circulation water passage 46, the heat pump inflow water passage 40, the heat pump inner water passage 33W, the heater core inflow water passage 41, the core inner water passage 31W, the heater core outflow water passage 42, the EHR inner water passage 34W, and the EHR outflow water passage 45 and then, is suctioned into the heater pump 32.
When the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), the shut-off valve 36 is open, the first control valve 14r is open, and the second control valve 14e is closed while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In this case, the flow of the heat exchanging water in the cooling system 10 and the heating system 30 is the same as the flow of the heat exchanging water described with reference to
When the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), the shut-off valve 36 is open, the first control valve 14r is closed, and the second control valve 14e is open while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In this case, the flow of the heat exchanging water in the cooling system 10 and the heating system 30 is the same as the flow of the heat exchanging water described with reference to
The flow of the heat exchanging water described with reference to
When the heater pump 32 is not activated, and the engine pump 15 is activated, the heat exchanging water does not circulate through the heater water passage, and the heat exchanging water circulates through the engine water passage. On the other hand, when the engine pump 15 is not activated, and the heater pump 32 is activated, the heat exchanging water does not circulate through the engine water passage, and the heat exchanging water circulates through the heater water passage.
When the connection valve 61 is open (that is, the system connection operation is performed), the shut-off valve 36 is closed, the first control valve 14r is open, and the second control valve 14e is open while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In particular, the heat exchanging water discharged from the engine pump 15, flows into the engine inner water passage 11W. A part of the heat exchanging water flowing into the engine outflow water passage 17 through the engine inner water passage 11W, flows through the engine outflow water passage 17 and then, flows into the radiator inflow water passage 18 and the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20. The heat exchanging water flowing into the radiator inflow water passage 18, flows through the radiator inner water passage 12W and the radiator outflow water passage 19, and then, flows into the engine inflow water passage 16. The heat exchanging water flowing into the engine inflow water passage 16, is suctioned into the engine pump 15. The heat exchanging water flowing into the EGR cooler inflow water passage 20, flows through the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W, the EGR cooler outflow water passage 21, and the engine inflow water passage 16 and then, is suctioned into the engine pump 15.
On the other hand, the remaining of the heat exchanging water flowing into the engine outflow water passage 17 through the engine inner water passage 11W, flows into the heat pump inflow water passage 40 through the connection inflow water passage 62. The heat exchanging water flowing into the heat pump inflow water passage 40, flows through the heat pump inner water passage 33W, the core inflow water passage 41, the core inner water passage 31W, the heater core outflow water passage 42, the EHR inner water passage 34W, and the EHR outflow water passage 45 and then, is suctioned into the heater pump 32.
Further, the heat exchanging water discharged from the heater pump 32, flows through the EHR outflow water passage 45, the connection outflow water passage 63, and the engine inflow water passage 16 and then, is suctioned into the engine pump 15.
When the connection valve 61 is open (that is, the system connection operation is performed), the shut-off valve 36 is closed, the first control valve 14r is open, and the second control valve 14e is closed while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In this case, the flow of the heat exchanging water in the cooling system 10 and the heating system 30 is the same as the flow of the heat exchanging water described with reference to
When the connection valve 61 is open (that is, the system connection operation is performed), the shut-off valve 36 is closed, the first control valve 14r is closed, and the second control valve 14e is open while the engine pump 15 and the heater pump 32 are activated, the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
In this case, the flow of the heat exchanging water in the cooling system 10 and the heating system 30 is the same as the flow of the heat exchanging water described with reference to
When the first control valve 14r and the second control valve 14e are closed while the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
Also, when the first control valve 14r is closed while the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
Next, a summary of an operation of the embodiment apparatus will be described. The embodiment apparatus cools the engine 11 by activating the engine pump 15 to supply the heat exchanging water to the engine inner water passage 11W when an engine circulation condition that a circulation of the heat exchanging water in the engine water passage is requested, is satisfied.
In this embodiment, the engine circulation condition is satisfied when a temperature TWeng1 of the heat exchanging water in the engine inner water passage 11W is equal to or higher than a predetermined water temperature TWeng1_th while the activation of the engine pump 15 is stopped after the ignition switch 72 is set to the ON position and the engine operation starts. Hereinafter, the temperature TWeng1 will be referred to as “the engine inner water temperature TWeng1”.
When the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 increases excessively, the heat exchanging water may boil in the engine inner water passage 11W. In this regard, the embodiment apparatus is configured such that the engine circulation condition is satisfied in response to the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 becoming equal to or higher than the predetermined water temperature TWeng1_th. Therefore, the engine pump 15 is activated, thereby decreasing the temperature of the heat exchanging water in the engine inner water passage 11W when the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined water temperature TWeng1_th. Thereby, the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 may be prevented from increasing excessively. As a result, the heat exchanging water may be prevented from boiling in the engine inner water passage 11W.
The predetermined water temperature TWeng1_th is set to an upper limit of a sufficiently low temperature of the heat exchanging water capable of preventing the heat exchanging water from boiling in the engine inner water passage 11W while the activation of the engine pump 15 is stopped.
The engine inner water temperature TWeng1 may be estimated on the basis of the temperature TWeng detected by the water temperature sensor 70 after the engine operation starts. Alternatively, the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 may be estimated on the basis of a combination of parameters such as the temperature TWeng detected by the water temperature sensor 70 at a time of the engine operation starting, a time elapsing from the time of the engine operation starting, a history of the engine operation after the engine operation starts (in particular, a total amount of fuel supplied to the engine 11 after the engine operation starts), and the like.
Alternatively, the temperature detected by another water temperature sensor for detecting the engine inner water temperature TWeng1 provided in the engine 11, may be used as the engine inner water temperature TWeng1.
In this regard, when between-bores water passages for the heat exchanging water are formed between adjacent cylinder bores defining the combustion chambers of the engine 11, another water temperature sensor is preferably provided for detecting a temperature of the heat exchanging water in the between-bores water passage. The between-bores water passages are so-called drilled paths and are formed to branch from a cylinder head water passage formed in a cylinder head of the engine 11 to between the adjacent cylinder bores.
Alternatively, a water temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the heat exchanging water in a water passage for cooling an exhaust manifold of the engine 11, is preferably provided in the engine 11.
Further, in this embodiment, the engine circulation condition is satisfied when a temperature difference ΔTeng between temperatures of optional two portions of the engine 11 is equal to or larger than a predetermined temperature difference ΔTeng_th while the activation of the engine pump 15 is stopped after the engine operation starts. Hereinafter, the temperature difference ΔTeng between the temperatures of the optional two portions of the engine 11, will be referred to as “the engine inner temperature difference ΔTeng”.
When an excessively large temperature difference is produced in the engine 11, a strain may be produced in the engine 11. In this regard, the embodiment apparatus is configured such that the engine circulation condition is satisfied in response to the engine inner temperature difference ΔTWeng becoming equal to or larger than the predetermined temperature difference ΔTWeng_th. Therefore, the engine pump 15 is activated, thereby decreasing the engine inner temperature difference ΔTWeng when the engine inner temperature difference ΔTWeng becomes equal to or larger than the predetermined temperature difference ΔTWeng_th. Thereby, the excessively large temperature difference may be prevented from being generated in the engine 11. As a result, the strain may be prevented from be generated in the engine 11.
The predetermined temperature difference ΔTWeng_th is set to an upper limit of a sufficiently small temperature difference capable of maintaining the strain produced in the engine 11 in a permitted range while the activation of the engine pump 15 is stopped.
Further, the engine inner temperature difference ΔTeng is estimated on the basis of a combination of parameters such as the temperature TWeng detected by the water temperature sensor 70 at the time of the engine operation starting, the time elapsing from the time of the engine operation starting, the history of the engine operation after the engine operation starts (in particular, the total amount of the fuel supplied to the engine 11 after the engine operation starts), and the like.
Alternatively, a difference between the engine inner water temperatures TWeng1 detected by water temperature sensors for detecting the engine inner water temperatures TWeng1, respectively provided in at least two portions of the engine inner water passage 11W, may be used as the engine inner temperature difference ΔTeng.
In this regard, there are preferably provided in the engine 11, a water temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat exchanging water for cooling upper areas of the cylinder bores (i.e., cylinder liners) defining the combustion chambers of the engine 11 and a water temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat exchanging water for cooling lower areas of the cylinder bores (i.e., the cylinder liners).
The embodiment apparatus may be configured to determine that the engine circulation condition is satisfied when the engine operation starts. Alternatively, the embodiment apparatus may be configured to determine that the engine circulation condition is satisfied when the temperature of the engine 11 reaches or is estimated to reach a predetermined temperature after the engine operation starts.
Further, the embodiment apparatus warms the interior of the vehicle by activating the heater pump 32 to supply the heat exchanging water to the core inner water passage 31W, thereby heating the heater core 31, and activating the blower 35 when a warming condition that the heater switch 78 is set to the ON position, is satisfied.
When the engine water temperature TWeng is higher than the core water temperature TWhc, the heater core 31 may be heated, using the heat of the engine 11 by performing the system connection operation to supply the heat exchanging water flowing in the cooling system 10, to the heating system 30.
Accordingly, the embodiment apparatus opens the connection valve 61 to perform the system connection operation, thereby supplying the heat exchanging water flowing in the cooling system 10, to the heating system 30 when the engine circulation condition is satisfied, the warming condition is satisfied, and the engine water temperature TWeng is higher than the core water temperature TWhc. Hereinafter, a condition that the engine circulation condition is satisfied, the warming condition is satisfied, and the engine water temperature TWeng is higher than the core water temperature TWhc, will be referred to as “the connection condition”. In this case, the embodiment apparatus closes the shut-off valve 36. Thereby, the heat exchanging water does not flow through the circulation water passage 46. On the other hand, when the connection condition is not satisfied, the embodiment apparatus closes the connection valve 61 to stop the system connection operation, thereby stopping supply of the heat exchanging water to the heating system 30 from the cooling system 10. In this case, the embodiment apparatus opens the shut-off valve 36. Thereby, the heat exchanging water flows through the circulation water passage 46.
When the connection valve 61 opens and the shut-off valve 36 is closed while the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
When the connection valve 61 opens, and the shut-off valve 36 is not closed while the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
Therefore, after the heat exchanging water starts to flow into the heat pump inflow water passage 40 from the connection inflow water passage 62, the amount of the heat exchanging water flowing into the heat pump inflow water passage 40 from the circulation water passage 46 decreases gradually. Then, a part of the heat exchanging water flowing into the connection portion P4 from the connection inflow water passage 62 starts to flow into the circulation water passage 46. Thus, the heat exchanging water flows toward the connection portion P3 from the connection portion P4.
Therefore, a flow direction of the heat exchanging water between the connection portions P3 and P4 corresponds to a direction toward the connection portion P4 from the connection portion P3 before the connection valve 61 opens, that is, before the system connection operation is performed. After the connection valve 61 opens, that is, the system connection operation is performed, the flow direction of the heat exchanging water between the connection portions P3 and P4 corresponds to a direction toward the connection portion P3 from the connection portion P4. Accordingly, the flow direction of the heat exchanging water between the connection portions P3 and P4 before the connection valve 61 opens, is opposite to the flow direction of the heat exchanging water between the connection portions P3 and P4 after the connection valve 61 opens.
Similarly, when the connection valve 61 opens, that is, the system connection operation is performed, and the shut-off valve 36 is not closed while the heat exchanging water flows as shown in
When the engine circulation condition is satisfied, the embodiment apparatus sets a target DEtgt of a duty ratio DE for activating the engine pump 15 such that a flow rate Veng of the heat exchanging water supplied to the engine inner water passage 11W is equal to or larger than a predetermined requested flow rate Veng_req. Hereinafter, the target DEtgt will be referred to as “the target duty ratio DEtgt”, and the flow rate Veng will be referred to as “the engine flow rate Veng”.
The requested flow rate Veng_req is the flow rate Veng of the heat exchanging water to be supplied to the engine inner water passage 11W for accomplishing a request for the cooling system 10 to prevent the engine 11 from overheating, prevent the heat exchanging water flowing in the cooling system 10 from boiling, etc.
Similarly, when the warming condition is satisfied, the embodiment apparatus sets a target DHtgt of a duty ratio DH for activating the heater pump 32 such that a flow rate Vhc of the heat exchanging water supplied to the core inner water passage 31W is equal to or larger than a predetermined requested flow rate Vhc_req. Hereinafter, the target DHtgt will be referred to as “the target duty ratio DHtgt”, and the flow rate Vhc will be referred to as “the core flow rate Vhc”.
The requested flow rate Vhc_req is the flow rate Vhc of the heat exchanging water to be supplied to the core inner water passage 31W for maintaining the temperature of the heater core 31 equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
In particular, when the embodiment apparatus sets the target duty ratio DEtgt while the connection condition is not satisfied, the embodiment apparatus applies the engine speed NE and the engine load KL to a look-up table MapDE1(NE, KL) to acquire a duty ratio DE1 The embodiment apparatus sets the acquired duty ratio DE1 as the target duty ratio DEtgt. In this case, the acquired duty ratio DE1 is the duty ratio DE capable of controlling the engine flow rate Veng to a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req while the system connection operation is not performed.
On the other hand, when the embodiment apparatus sets the target duty ratio DHtgt while the connection condition is not satisfied, the embodiment apparatus applies the core water temperature TWhc and the vehicle interior set temperature Tset to a look-up table MapDH1(TWhc, Tset) to acquire a duty ratio DH1. The embodiment apparatus sets the acquired duty ratio DH1 as the target duty ratio DHtgt. In this case, the acquired duty ratio DH1 is the duty ratio DH capable of controlling the core flow rate Vhc to a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req while the system connection operation is not performed.
Further, when the embodiment apparatus sets the target duty ratio DEtgt and the target duty ratio DHtgt while the connection condition is satisfied, the embodiment apparatus applies the engine speed NE, the engine load KL, the core water temperature TWhc, and the vehicle interior set temperature Tset to a look-up table MapDE2(NE, KL, TWhc, Tset) and a look-up table MapDH2(NE, KL, TWhc, Tset), respectively to acquire a duty ratio DE2 and a duty ratio DH2. The embodiment apparatus sets the acquired duty ratio DE2 as the target duty ratio DEtgt and sets the acquired duty ratio DH2 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
In this case, the acquired duty ratio DE2 is the duty ratio DE capable of controlling the engine flow rate Veng to a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req while the system connection operation is performed. Further, the acquired duty ratio DH2 is the duty ratio DH capable of controlling the core flow rate Vhc to a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req while the system connection operation is performed.
Then, the embodiment apparatus controls the duty ratio DE such that the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 corresponds to the target duty ratio DEtgt, and controls the duty ratio DH such that the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 corresponds to the target duty ratio DHtgt. Thereby, the heat exchanging water having a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req, is supplied to the engine inner water passage 11W, and the heat exchanging water having a flow rate equal to or larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req, is supplied to the core inner water passage 31W.
In this embodiment, when the connection condition is satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), the shut-off valve 36 is open, and the engine flow rate Veng is larger than the core flow rate Vhc, the embodiment apparatus executes a control for opening the connection valve 61, a control for closing the shut-off valve 36, a control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and a control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32.
In this case, as shown in
On the other hand, the core flow rate Vhc decreases below the requested flow rate Vhc_req due to decreasing of the duty ratio DH. Also, a flow rate Vehr of the heat exchanging water flowing through the EHR inner water passage 34W, decrease below a requested flow rate Vehr_req due to the decreasing of the duty ratio DH. Hereinafter, the flow rate Vehr will be referred to as “the EHR flow rate Vehr”.
Then, the amount of the heat exchanging water flowing into the heat pump inflow water passage 40 from the connection inflow water passage 62 increases. Due to the increasing of the heat exchanging water flowing into the heat pump inflow water passage 40 from the connection inflow water passage 62, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr increase to the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
When the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr change as such, the engine flow rate Veng is smaller than the requested flow rate Veng_req in a period Teng11 between a time when the engine flow rate Veng starts to change and a time when the engine flow rate Veng stops changing. Thus, a requested cooling by the cooling system 10 may not be accomplished, and the heat exchanging water may boil in the engine inner water passage 11W.
Further, the core flow rate Vhc is smaller than the requested flow rate Vhc_req in a period Thc11 between a time when the core flow rate Vhc starts to change and a time when the core flow rate Vhc stops changing. Thus, a temperature of the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle by the blower 35, may decrease temporarily. As a result, persons in the vehicle may feel discomfort. In addition, the EHR flow rate Vehr is smaller than the requested flow rate Vehr_req in a period Tehr11 between a time when the EHR flow rate Vehr starts to change and a time when the EHR flow rate Vehr stops changing. Thus, the heat exchanging water may boil in the EHR inner water passage 34W.
Accordingly, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the embodiment apparatus sequentially executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr change as shown in
Thereafter, the shut-off valve 36 is closed at a time t121 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t120. As a result, the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases. Therefore, the heat exchanging water is unlikely to flow into the heating system 30 from the cooling system 10 through the connection inflow water passage 62. Thus, the engine flow rate Veng decreases. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng is maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req.
On the other hand, although the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases due to closing of the shut-off valve 36, the heat exchanging water is likely to flow into the cooling system 10 from the heating system 30 through the connection outflow water passage 63. Thus, the core flow rate Vhc and the EHR flow rate Vehr increase.
Thereafter, the duty ratio DH of the heater water pump 32 decreases at a time t122 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t121. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr are maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereafter, the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 decreases at a time t123 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t122. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease to the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng is larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req in a period Teng12 between the time when the engine flow rate Veng starts to change and the time when the engine flow rate Veng stops changing. Thus, the requested cooling by the cooling system 10 can be accomplished, and the heat exchanging water can be prevented from boiling in the engine inner water passage 11W even when the system connection operation is performed.
Further, the core flow rate Vhc is larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req in a period Thc12 between the time when the core flow rate Vhc starts to change and the time when the core flow rate Vhc stops changing. Thus, the temperature of the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle by the blower 35 may be prevented from decreasing temporarily even when the system connection operation is performed.
Furthermore, the EHR flow rate Vehr is larger than the requested flow rate Vehr_req in a period Tehr12 between the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr starts to change and the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr stops changing. Thus, the heat exchanging water may be prevented from boiling in the EHR inner water passage 34W even when the system connection operation is performed.
When the embodiment apparatus sequentially executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, the embodiment apparatus may be configured to execute the control for closing the shut-off valve 36 after the core flow rate Vhc has increased after the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61. Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng has increased when the shut-off valve 36 is closed. Thus, the engine flow rate Veng is unlikely to be smaller than the requested flow rate Veng_req.
Further, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed (that is, the system connection operation is not performed), and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the embodiment apparatus may be configured to sequentially execute the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32.
In this case, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr change as shown in
Thereafter, the shut-off valve 36 is closed at a time t131 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t130. As a result, the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases. Therefore, the heat exchanging water is unlikely to flow into the heating system 30 from the cooling system 10 through the connection inflow water passage 62. Thus, the engine flow rate Veng decreases. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng is maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req.
On the other hand, although the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases due to the closing of the shut-off valve 36, the heat exchanging water is likely to flow into the cooling system 10 from the heating system 30 through the connection outflow water passage 63. Thus, the core flow rate Vhc and the EHR flow rate Vehr increase.
Thereafter, the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 decreases at a time t132 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t131. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr are maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereafter, the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 decreases at a time t133 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t132. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease to the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng is larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req in a period Teng13 between the time when the engine flow rate Veng starts to change and the time when the engine flow rate Veng stops changing. Thus, the requested cooling by the cooling system 10 can be accomplished, and the heat exchanging water can be prevented from boiling in the engine inner water passage 11W even when the system connection operation is performed.
Further, the core flow rate Vhc is larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req in a period Thc13 between the time when the core flow rate Vhc starts to change and the time when the core flow rate Vhc stops changing. Thus, the temperature of the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle by the blower 35 may be prevented from decreasing temporarily even when the system connection operation is performed.
Furthermore, the EHR flow rate Vehr is larger than the requested flow rate Vehr_req in a period Tehr13 between the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr starts to change and the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr stops changing. Thus, the heat exchanging water may be prevented from boiling in the EHR inner water passage 34W even when the system connection operation is performed.
Furthermore, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed, and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the embodiment apparatus may be configured to sequentially execute the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32.
In this case, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr change as shown in
Thereafter, the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 decreases at a time t141 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t140. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr are maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereafter, the shut-off valve 36 is closed at a time t142 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t141. As a result, the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases. Therefore, the heat exchanging water is unlikely to flow into the heating system 30 from the cooling system 10 through the connection inflow water passage 62. Thus, the engine flow rate Veng decreases. In this case, the engine flow rate Veng is maintained larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req.
On the other hand, although the flow resistance of the heat exchanging system increases due to the closing of the shut-off valve 36, the heat exchanging water is likely to flow into the cooling system 10 from the heating system 30 through the connection outflow water passage 63. Thus, the core flow rate Vhc and the EHR flow rate Vehr increase.
Thereafter, the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 decreases at a time t143 when a predetermined time elapses from the time t142. As a result, the engine flow rate Veng, the core flow rate Vhc, and the EHR flow rate Vehr decrease to the requested flow rate Veng_req, the requested flow rate Vhc_req, and the requested flow rate Vehr_req, respectively.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng is larger than the requested flow rate Veng_req in a period Teng14 between the time when the engine flow rate Veng starts to change and the time when the engine flow rate Veng stops changing. Thus, the requested cooling by the cooling system 10 can be accomplished, and the heat exchanging water can be prevented from boiling in the engine inner water passage 11W even when the system connection operation is performed.
Further, the core flow rate Vhc is larger than the requested flow rate Vhc_req in a period Thc14 between the time when the core flow rate Vhc starts to change and the time when the core flow rate Vhc stops changing. Thus, the temperature of the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle by the blower 35 may be prevented from decreasing temporarily even when the system connection operation is performed.
Furthermore, the EHR flow rate Vehr is larger than the requested flow rate Vehr_req in a period Tehr14 between the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr starts to change and the time when the EHR flow rate Vehr stops changing. Thus, the heat exchanging water may be prevented from boiling in the EHR inner water passage 34W even when the system connection operation is performed.
When the embodiment apparatus sequentially executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, the embodiment apparatus may be configured to execute the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 after the core flow rate Vhc has increased after the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61.
Next, a concrete operation of the embodiment apparatus will be described. The CPU of the ECU 90 of the embodiment apparatus is configured or programmed to execute a routine shown by a flowchart in
Therefore, at a predetermined timing, the CPU starts a process from a step 1500 in
Step 1520: The CPU applies the engine speed NE, the engine load KL, the core water temperature TWhc, and the vehicle interior set temperature Tset to the look-up table MapDE2(NE, KL, TWhc, Tset) to acquire the duty ratio DE2, and sets the acquired duty ratio DE2 as the target duty ratio DEtgt. In addition, the CPU applies the engine speed NE, the engine load KL, the core water temperature TWhc, and the vehicle interior set temperature Tset to the look-up table MapDH2(NE, KL, TWhc, Tset) to acquire the duty ratio DH2, and sets the acquired duty ratio DH2 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
When the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1550, the CPU determines whether the target duty ratio DEtgt set at the step 1520 is smaller than the last target duty ratio DEtgt, and the target duty ratio DHtgt set at the step 1520 is smaller than the last target duty ratio DHtgt.
When the target duty ratio DEtgt set at the step 1520 is smaller than the last target duty ratio DEtgt, and the target duty ratio DHtgt set at the step 1520 is smaller than the last target duty ratio DHtgt, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1550 and then, executes a process of a step 1560 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1595 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1560: The CPU sequentially executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for controlling the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 to the target duty ratio DHtgt (that is, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH to the target duty ratio DHtgt), and the control for controlling the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 to the target duty ratio DEtgt (that is, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE to the target duty ratio DEtgt) in a predetermined time interval.
Thereby, the core flow rate Vhc, the EHR flow rate Vehr, and the engine flow rate Veng may be prevented from decreasing below the requested flow rate Vhc_req, the requested flow rate Vehr_req, and the requested flow rate Veng_req, respectively when the system connection operation is performed.
On the other hand, when the target duty ratio DEtgt set at the step 1520 is larger than the last target duty ratio DEtgt, or the target duty ratio DHtgt set at the step 1520 is larger than the last target duty ratio DHtgt, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1550 and then, executes a process of a step 1570 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1595 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1570: The CPU executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for controlling the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15 to the target duty ratio DEtgt, and the control for controlling the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 to the target duty ratio DHtgt simultaneously.
When the connection condition is not satisfied at a time of the CPU executing the process of the step 1510, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1510 and then, proceeds with the process to a step 1580. When the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1580, the CPU executes a routine shown by a flowchart in
Therefore, when the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1580, the CPU starts a process from a step 1600 in
Step 1610: The CPU applies the engine speed NE and the engine load KL to the look-up table MapDE1(NE, KL) to acquire the duty ratio DE1, and sets the acquired duty ratio DE1 as the target duty ratio DEtgt.
On the other hand, when the engine circulation condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1605 and then, executes a process of a step 1615 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1620.
Step 1615: The CPU sets the target duty ratio DEtgt to zero.
When the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1620, the CPU determines whether the warming condition is satisfied. When the warming condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1620 and then, executes a process of a step 1625 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1590 in
Step 1625: The CPU applies the core water temperature TWhc and the vehicle interior set temperature Tset to the look-up table MapDH1(TWhc, Tset) to acquire the duty ratio DH1, and sets the acquired duty ratio DH1 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
On the other hand, when the warming condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1620 and then, proceeds with the process to a step 1630 to determine whether a low outside air temperature condition that a temperature Ta of the outside air is lower than a low temperature threshold (in this embodiment, five degrees C.), is satisfied. The low temperature threshold is set to a relatively low temperature. When the low outside air temperature condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1630 and then, executes a process of a step 1635 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1590 in
Step 1635: The CPU applies the temperature Ta of the outside air to a look-up table MapDH3(Ta) to acquire a duty ratio DH3 and sets the acquired duty ratio DH3 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
On the other hand, when the low outside air temperature condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1630 and then, proceeds with the process to a step 1640 to determine whether an exhaust heat recovery condition for executing a control for closing the exhaust gas control valve 344 of the exhaust heat recovery device 34, is satisfied. The exhaust heat recovery condition is satisfied when conditions 1 to 3 described below are satisfied.
(Condition 1) The engine 11 operates.
(Condition 2) An output Preq requested to the engine 11, is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value Pth.
(Condition 3) The core water temperature TWhc is lower than a predetermined water temperature TWhc_th (in this embodiment, 70 degrees C.). The predetermined water temperature TWhc_th is set to a temperature capable of preventing the heat exchanging water from boiling due to the activation of the exhaust heat recovery device 34.
When the exhaust heat recovery condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1640 and then, executes a process of a step 1645 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1590 in
Step 1645: The CPU applies the core water temperature TWhc to a look-up table MapDH4(TWhc) to acquire a duty ratio DH4 and sets the acquired duty ratio DH4 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
On the other hand, when the exhaust heat recovery condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1640 and then, executes a process of a step 1650 to determine whether a boil prevention condition for activating the heater pump 32 for preventing the heat exchanging water from boiling in the EHR inner water passage 34W, is satisfied. The boil prevention condition is satisfied when the EHR water temperature TWehr is equal to or higher than a predetermined water temperature TWehr_th (in this embodiment, 95 degrees C.).
When the boil prevention condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1650 and then, executes a process of a step 1655 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1590 in
Step 1655: The CPU applies the EHR water temperature TWehr to a look-up table MapDH5(TWehr) to acquire a duty ratio DH5 and sets the acquired duty ratio DH5 as the target duty ratio DHtgt.
On the other hand, when the boil prevention condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1650 and then, executes a process of a step 1660 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1590 in
Step 1660: The CPU sets the target duty ratio DHtgt to zero.
When the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1590 in
Further, the CPU is configured or programmed to execute a routine shown by a flowchart in
In this embodiment, the radiator water supply is requested when the engine water temperature TWeng is equal to or higher than a predetermined water temperature TWeng_th while the engine 11 operates.
When the radiator water supply is requested, the CPU determines “Yes”, at the step 1705 and then, executes a process of a step 1707 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1710.
Step 1707: The CPU opens the first control valve 14r. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is supplied to the radiator inner water passage 12W. Thus, the heat exchanging water is cooled by the radiator 12.
On the other hand, when the radiator water supply is not requested, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1705 and then, executes a process of a step 1709 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1710.
Step 1709: The CPU closes the first control valve 14r. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is not supplied to the radiator inner water passage 12W.
When the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1710, the CPU determines whether an EGR cooler water supply (i.e., a supply of the heat exchanging water to the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W) is requested.
In this embodiment, the CPU determines whether an exhaust gas recirculation control for introducing the exhaust gas into the combustion chambers, should be executed, depending on the engine speed NE and the engine load KL. When an engine operation state (i.e., an operation state of the engine 11) defined by the engine speed NE and the engine load KL, is a state that the exhaust gas recirculation control should be executed, the EGR cooler water supply is requested.
When the EGR cooler water supply is requested, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1710 and then, executes a process of a step 1720 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1795 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1720: The CPU opens the second control valve 14e. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is supplied to the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W. Thus, the EGR gas is cooled by the heat exchanging water.
On the other hand, when the EGR cooler water supply is not requested, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1710 and then, proceeds with the process to a step 1725 to determine whether the first control valve 14r and the connection valve 61 are closed.
When the second control valve 14e is closed while the first control valve 14r and the connection valve 61 are closed, the heat exchanging water does not circulate through the engine water passage. Accordingly, when the first control valve 14r and the connection valve 61 are closed, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1725 and then, executes a process of a step 1727 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1795 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1727: The CPU opens the second control valve 14e.
On the other hand, when any of the first control valve 14r and the connection valve 61 is open, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1725 and then, executes a process of a step 1730 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1795 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1730: The CPU closes the second control valve 14e. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is not supplied to the EGR cooler inner water passage 13W. Thus, the EGR gas is not cooled by the heat exchanging water.
Further, the CPU is configured or programmed to execute a routine shown by a flowchart in
When the warming condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1810 and then, executes a process of a step 1820 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1895 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1820: The CPU activates the blower 35. Thereby, the air heated or warmed by the heater core 31, is supplied to the interior of the vehicle.
When the warming condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1810 and then, executes a process of a step 1830 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1895 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1830: The CPU stops activating the blower 35. Thereby, the warm air is not supplied to the interior of the vehicle.
Further, the CPU is configured or programmed to execute a routine shown by a flowchart in
When any of the warming condition and the low outside air temperature condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 1910 and then, executes sequentially processes of steps 1920 to 1940 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 1995 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1920: The CPU acquires the core water temperature difference ΔTWhc.
Step 1930: The CPU sets a target compressor output Pcom_tgt (i.e., a target of an output of the compressor 335) on the basis of the core water temperature difference ΔTWhc. In this regard, as shown in a block B1 in
Step 1940: The CPU activates the compressor 335 such that the output of the compressor 335 corresponds to the target compressor output Pcom_tagt. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is heated by the heat pump 33.
On the other hand, when the warming condition and the low outside air temperature condition are not satisfied at a time of the CPU executing the process of the step 1910, the CPU determines “No” at the step 1910 and then, executes a process of a step 1950 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 1995 to terminate this routine once.
Step 1950: The CPU stops activating the compressor 335. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is not heated by the heat pump 33.
Further, the CPU is configured or programmed to execute a routine shown by a flowchart in
When the exhaust heat recovery condition is satisfied, the CPU determines “Yes” at the step 2010 and then, executes a process of a step 2020 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to a step 2095 to terminate this routine once.
Step 2020: The CPU closes the exhaust gas control valve 344. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is heated by the exhaust heat recovery device 34.
On the other hand, when the exhaust heat recovery condition is not satisfied, the CPU determines “No” at the step 2010 and then, executes a process of a step 2030 described below. Then, the CPU proceeds with the process to the step 2095 to terminate this routine once.
Step 2030: The CPU opens the exhaust gas control valve 344. Thereby, the heat exchanging water is not heated by the exhaust heat recovery device 34.
The concrete operation of the embodiment apparatus has been described.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiment, and various modifications can be employed within the scope of the present invention.
For example, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed, and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the CPU may be configured to sequentially execute the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng may be prevented from being smaller than the requested flow rate Veng_req when the system connection operation is performed.
Further, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed, and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the CPU may be configured to sequentially execute the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for closing the shut-off valve 36.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng may be prevented from being smaller than the requested flow rate Veng_req when the system connection operation is performed.
Furthermore, when the embodiment apparatus executes the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for closing the shut-off valve 36, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, and the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32 in response to the connection condition being satisfied while the connection valve 61 is closed, and the shut-off valve 36 is open, the CPU may be configured to sequentially execute the control for opening the connection valve 61, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DE of the engine pump 15, the control for decreasing the duty ratio DH of the heater pump 32, and the control for closing the shut-off valve 36.
Thereby, the engine flow rate Veng may be prevented from being smaller than the requested flow rate Veng_req when the system connection operation is performed.
Further, the embodiment apparatus may be applied to the heat exchanging system mounted on a so-called hybrid vehicle with the internal combustion engine and at least one motor as an apparatus for generating driving force for moving the hybrid vehicle.
Furthermore, the embodiment apparatus may be applied to the heat exchanging system mounted on a so-called plug-in hybrid vehicle with the internal combustion engine and at least one motor as an apparatus for generating driving force for moving the plug-in hybrid vehicle, and a battery for storing electric power to be supplied to the motor, in which the battery can be charged with an external power source.
Further, the embodiment apparatus may be applied to the heat exchanging system mounted on a vehicle in which the engine operation is stopped when a brake pedal is operated, and a moving speed of the vehicle is smaller than a predetermined speed, and then, is restarted when the acceleration pedal is operated.
Furthermore, the heater pump 32 may be provided in the heat pump inflow water passage 40, the core inflow water passage 41, or the heater core outflow water passage 42 in place of the EHR outflow water passage 45.
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