Patent Grant
11530050
The present disclosure relates to a control device, a control method, and a flight vehicle device.
A technology relating to a method for capturing photographs using a camera installed in a radio-controllable flight vehicle has been disclosed (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1). Using the camera installed in such a flight vehicle, it is possible to capture photographs from the sky or a position in which a tripod is difficult to set. Capturing using a camera installed in a flight vehicle brings various advantages in that costs can be suppressed, and safe capturing, capturing at a low altitude or in a narrow place, capturing in proximity to a target, and the like are possible in comparison to when a real aircraft or helicopter is used.
Patent Literature 1: JP 2006-27448A
It is considered that, if such a flight vehicle equipped with a camera enables human beings to effectively capture a situation of a place to which access is not easy for them, it will be very helpful for inspecting structures to which an approach is difficult for human beings. For example, using flight vehicles to inspect social infrastructures such as bridges, tunnels, dams, and roads built across rivers or seas, industrial infrastructures such as airports, buildings, warehouses, factories, and plants can be considered.
Here, images used to inspect structures as described above are required to have precision sufficient for detecting defects having a prescribed size such as cracks. As a method of photographing images having high precision without using a tower wagon, or the like, for example, photographing with a camera fixed to a tripod using a high-magnification zoom lens is considered. This method, however, has a limitation in the photographable range of a camera. On the other hand, if a flight vehicle with a camera mounted thereon is used, it can approach and photograph targets. However, since flight vehicles have difficulty in completely standing still due to wind and the like, and are influenced by vibration resulting from rotation of propellers and the like, it is difficult to obtain images having high precision sufficient for ascertaining exact damage of structures.
Therefore, a novel and improved control device, control method, and flight vehicle device which enable highly precise images to be obtained are proposed.
According to the present disclosure, there is provided a control device including: an illuminating control unit configured to adjust a light amount of an illuminating device according to an inclination of a body of a flight vehicle device that has an imaging device configured to photograph a photographing target and the illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target.
In addition, according to the present disclosure, there is provided a control method including: acquiring an inclination of a body of a flight vehicle device with respect to a photographing target, the flight vehicle device including an imaging device configured to photograph the photographing target, and an illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target; and adjusting a light amount of the illuminating device according to the inclination of the body.
In addition, according to the present disclosure, there is provided a flight vehicle device including: an imaging device configured to photograph a photographing target; an illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target; and a control unit configured to adjust a light amount of the illuminating device according to an inclination of a body with respect to the photographing target.
According to the present disclosure described above, highly precise image can be obtained in photographing using a flight vehicle device. Note that the effects described above are not necessarily limitative. With or in the place of the above effects, there may be achieved any one of the effects described in this specification or other effects that may be grasped from this specification.
Hereinafter, (a) preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. In this specification and the appended drawings, structural elements that have substantially the same function and structure are denoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation of these structural elements is omitted.
Note that description will be provided in the following order.
1. Overview
2. Exemplary system configuration
3. Exemplary functional configuration
4. Exemplary operation of inspection system
5. Application to acquisition of highly precise images
6. Conclusion
<1. Overview>
Before a configuration of a flight vehicle device and a photographing method of a structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, first, an overview of photographing of a structure using a flight vehicle device (hovering camera) 100 equipped with an imaging device according to the present embodiment will be described based on
Checking states of structures by humans is indispensable in operation and maintenance of the structures such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and buildings. Typically, for visual checking of such a structure, commonly, a worker approaches a structure, and visually checks whether or not damage such as corrosion or a crack or looseness of a coupling member such as a bolt has occurred in the structure or performs a hammering test to check the presence or absence of such abnormalities.
For operation and maintenance of a bridge, particularly, a concrete bridge, for example, it is necessary to set up a scaffold at a back side portion of a bridge pier or a bridge girder for a worker who performs a visual inspection and a hammering test of a bridge girder or a bridge pier, or it is necessary to close some lanes or all lanes in order to secure safety of workers or place a work vehicle. For this reason, a cost necessary for an inspection, a cost necessary for a placement of a road guide person due to road closing, and a traffic jam of a detour occurring by road closing can be problematic.
Further, for example, when built above a river or a sea, there is a bridge at which it is not easy to set up a scaffold or it is difficult to set up a scaffold. Thus, in view of such circumstances, a technique capable of implementing an inspection of a structure at a low cost with high safety without influencing traffic is desirable.
Thus, the disclosers of the present application have reviewed a technique capable of implementing an inspection of a structure at a low cost with high safety without influencing traffic in view of such circumstances. Further, the disclosers of the present application have ended up with a proposal of a technique capable of implementing an inspection at a low cost with high safety without influencing traffic using a flight vehicle equipped with an imaging device (hereinafter, the flight vehicle equipped with the imaging device is also referred to as a “hovering camera”) which will be described below.
Regarding such a visual inspection, in the present embodiment, the hovering camera 100 is used to inspect the bridge 1. The hovering camera 100 is a flying body equipped with an imaging device which is configured to perform an automatic flight according to flight information (including a flight path and information of an imaging position of a still image in the present embodiment) which is set in advance. Examples of the information of the imaging position of the still image include a position at which an imaging process is executed, an imaging direction, and a traveling time to a position at which a next imaging process is executed.
For example, when a back side (a bottom surface) of the bridge girder 3 is inspected, the hovering camera 100 is operated to perform an automatic flight to capture the back side of the bridge girder 3. By causing the hovering camera 100 to capture the back side of the bridge girder 3, it is unnecessary to set up a scaffold at the back side portion of the bridge pier 2 or the bridge girder 3 for an inspection of the bridge girder 3, the frequency of lane closing is reduced or it is unnecessary to perform lane closing. Further, for example, when the side (side surface) of the bridge girder 3 is inspected, the hovering camera 100 is operated to perform an automatic flight to capture the side of the bridge girder 3. Thus, by causing the hovering camera 100 to perform an automatic flight and causing the hovering camera 100 to capture the back side or the side of the bridge girder 3, it is possible to inspect the bridge 1 at a low cost while securing the safety of a worker without influencing traffic.
At that time, images photographed by the hovering camera 100 are required to have precision sufficient for checking for fine cracks and the like. In the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment, the flight vehicle includes an illuminating mechanism which illuminates a photographing surface of a photographing target, and the illuminance of the photographing surface is set to be substantially constant. By illuminating a target illumination position (i.e., a photographing place) with a certain level or higher of uniform illuminance, the quality of image photographing is maintained. A configuration of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment and a photographing method of a structure using the camera will be described in detail below.
<2. Exemplary System Configuration>
As illustrated in
The hovering camera 100 is an exemplary imaging device of the present disclosure and serves as the flight vehicle equipped with the imaging device described above. The hovering camera 100 is a flight vehicle configured to be able to perform an automatic flight based on a designated flight path and capture a still image at a designated imaging position through the imaging device. The hovering camera 100 can fly, for example, through four rotors and fly while moving upward, downward, or forward by controlling the rotation of each rotor. Of course, the number of rotors is not limited to the relevant example.
A flight path from a flight start position to a flight end position and the imaging position set for the hovering camera 100 are set as position information of a Global Positioning System (GPS), for example. Thus, a GPS receiver that receives radio waves from GPS satellites and calculates a current position may be incorporated into the hovering camera 100. The flight path set for the hovering camera 100 may be set using all of a latitude, a longitude, and an altitude as GPS position information or may be set using only a latitude and a longitude as the GPS position information, and, for example, a relative height from the base station 600 which will be described below may be set as an altitude.
The control terminal 200 is an exemplary control device of the present disclosure and serves as a terminal that executes control related to a flight of the hovering camera 100. As the control related to the flight of the hovering camera 100, for example, the control terminal 200 generates flight information to be transmitted to the hovering camera 100, gives a takeoff instruction to the hovering camera 100, gives a return instruction to the base station 600 which will be described below. Further, the control terminal 200 may fly the hovering camera 100 when the hovering camera 100 does not fly automatically due to a certain reason. A generation process of the flight information of the hovering camera 100 by the control terminal 200 will be described in detail below but will be described briefly here.
When the flight information of the hovering camera 100 is generated, the control terminal 200 reads the information related to the overview of the bridge 1 to be inspected, for example, an overview diagram of the bridge 1 to be inspected, and causes the read information to be displayed on a screen. Points on the overview diagram of the bridge 1 are associated with points on map data including more detailed GPS information. The associating is preferably performed by at least two sets of points. The overview diagram of the bridge 1 is associated with points on the map data including detailed GPS information in advance, and thus the flight path of the hovering camera 100 is defined as GPS values. Then, the control terminal 200 generates the flight path of the hovering camera 100 based on the overview diagram of the bridge 1. The flight path of the hovering camera 100 is displayed on the overview diagram in a superimposed manner so that it is easily understood by the user (structure inspection worker).
The control terminal 200 may consider a structure or dimension of the bridge 1 or a portion of the bridge 1 to be captured by the hovering camera 100 when generating the flight information of the hovering camera 100. The control terminal 200 may generate the flight information for causing the hovering camera 100 to capture a portion, in detail, considered likely to be damaged when generating the flight information of the hovering camera 100.
As described above, the flight path set to the hovering camera 100 may be set using all of a latitude, a longitude, and an altitude as the GPS position information, but a case in which no altitude data is included in the overview diagram of the bridge 1 is considered. When no altitude data is included in the overview diagram of the bridge 1, the flight path set to the hovering camera 100 is set using only a latitude and a longitude as the GPS position information, and, for example, a relative height from the base station 600 may be set as an altitude.
When the flight information is set for the hovering camera 100, the control terminal 200 preferably generates the flight information so that a distance to an imaging target surface becomes constant when the hovering camera 100 captures the bridge 1. Since the flight information is generated so that the distance to the imaging target surface becomes constant when the hovering camera 100 captures the bridge 1, the control terminal 200 can cause the hovering camera 100 to generate images having the same scale.
The control terminal 200 is a portable device such as a laptop computer or a tablet terminal, and performs wireless transmission and reception of information to/from the hovering camera 100. The control terminal 200 may perform wireless communication with the hovering camera 100 directly with the hovering camera 100. Note that there may be cases in which the hovering camera 100 flies beyond a communication range of the control terminal 200 in an inspection of a structure, particularly, the bridge 1. Therefore, the control terminal 200 may perform wireless communication with the hovering camera 100 through the wireless relay node 400 installed at the time of inspection.
The control terminal 200 acquires an image captured by the imaging device while the hovering camera 100 is flying, and displays the acquired image on the display of the control terminal 200 as necessary. The control terminal 200 may acquire a moving image captured by the imaging device in a streaming manner while the hovering camera 100 is flying and display the acquired moving image on the display. Since the moving image captured by the imaging device is acquired in the streaming manner while the hovering camera 100 is flying and displayed on the display, the control terminal 200 can present a position at which the hovering camera 100 is flying to the user.
The information processing device 300 is a device that processes a variety of information and may be, for example, a device having a function of processing information such as a personal computer (PC), a game machine, or the like. In the present embodiment, the information processing device 300 is a device having a function of displaying, particularly, an image captured by the hovering camera 100 on the display of the information processing device 300 and enables the user to check the state of the bridge 1. The information processing device 300 has a function of calculating an absolute position of damage of the bridge girder 3 from the image captured by the hovering camera 100 and generating damage data which will be described below. The information processing device 300 may have a function of transmitting the generated damage data to the server device 800. Further, the control terminal 200 may have the function of calculating an absolute position of damage of the bridge girder 3 from the image captured by the hovering camera 100 and generating damage data which will be described below.
The information processing device 300 acquires the image captured by the hovering camera 100, for example, from the control terminal 200. The time for acquiring of the image captured by the hovering camera 100 by the information processing device 300 is not limited, and, for example, the information processing device 300 may acquire the image captured by the hovering camera 100 from the control terminal 200 at a time at which one flight of the hovering camera 100 ends.
The wireless relay node 400 is a device that relays wireless communication between the hovering camera 100 and the control terminal 200. As described above, the hovering camera 100 may fly beyond the communication range of the control terminal 200 at the time of inspection of a structure, particularly, the bridge 1. Thus, wireless communication between the hovering camera 100 and the control terminal 200 can be performed through the wireless relay node 400 installed at the time of inspection of a structure. The number of wireless relay nodes 400 is not limited to 1, and a plurality of wireless relay nodes 400 may be installed depending on an inspection range of the bridge 1. Thus, wireless communication between the hovering camera 100 and the control terminal 200 may be performed through a plurality of wireless relay nodes 400. The hovering camera 100 can switch a communication destination between the control terminal 200 and the wireless relay node 400 according to a situation of the radio waves.
The wireless relay node 400 may be installed at an appropriate position on a bridge face (preferably, on a sidewalk) at the time of inspection of the bridge 1. The wireless relay node 400 may be installed so as to be suspended from a parapet of the bridge girder 3. Further, before the inspection of the bridge 1, it is desirable to check whether or not the wireless relay node 400 operates normally, for example, using the control terminal 200 by a certain method.
The position estimation node 500 is a device that causes the hovering camera 100 to estimate a current position. As described above, the flight path of the hovering camera 100 is set, for example, using the GPS position information. At this time, when the radio waves from the GPS satellites are not blocked, the hovering camera 100 can detect the current position with a high degree of accuracy. However, it is not avoidable that the hovering camera 100 flies under the bridge girder 3, if the radio waves from the GPS satellites are blocked by the bridge girder 3 or a multipath occurs due to reflection of the radio waves by the bridge 1, for example, the hovering camera 100 is unlikely to detect the current position with a high degree of accuracy.
In this regard, in the present embodiment, the position estimation node 500 is installed under the bridge girder 3 in order to enable the hovering camera 100 to acquire the current position accurately. For example, an augmented reality (AR) marker or a GPS signal transmitter may be used as the position estimation node 500.
When the AR marker is used as the position estimation node 500, in order to enable the hovering camera 100 to recognize the current position, for example, position estimation nodes 500 are suspended from both ends of the bridge 1, and the hovering camera 100 is caused to capture the position estimation node 500. Further, the hovering camera 100 that has captured the position estimation node 500 is caused to fly between the designated position estimation nodes 500. The hovering camera 100 can detect the position between the position estimation nodes 500, for example, based on an integration value of a sensor (for example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor) installed in the hovering camera 100 and a distance to the position estimation node 500 of the movement destination calculated from the captured image. Thus, the hovering camera 100 captures the position estimation node 500 and thus can acquire the current position even under the bridge girder 3 accurately.
Further, when the GPS signal transmitter is used as the position estimation node 500, in order to enable the hovering camera 100 to recognize the current position, for example, position estimation nodes 500 are installed at opposing corners or four corners of the bridge 10. The hovering camera 100 receives the GPS signal transmitted from the position estimation nodes 500 and thus can acquire the current position accurately even under the bridge girder 3.
The base station 600 is a device installed for takeoff and landing of the hovering camera 100. The base station 600 includes a GPS receiver, and receives the radio waves from the GPS satellites and calculates the current position. The current position calculated by the base station 600 is transmitted to the control terminal 200. Since the current position calculated by the base station 600 is transmitted to the control terminal 200, the control terminal 200 can cause the position of the base station 600 to be displayed on the overview diagram of the bridge 1.
The base station 600 may have a function of checking an operation of the hovering camera 100. Examples of the operation check of the hovering camera 100 performed by the base station 600 include a communication function check, an imaging function check, a flight function check, and calibration of various types of sensors. Further, the calibration method of the sensors of the hovering camera 100 is not limited to the method of using the base station 600. For example, as the calibration method of the sensors of the hovering camera. 100, a method of fixing the hovering camera 100 in a dedicated calibration and correcting the sensors by rotating the hovering camera 100 in a pitch direction or a roll direction may be used.
The charging station 700 electrically charges a secondary battery installed in the hovering camera 100. The hovering camera 100 uses a battery as a power source, and expends electrical power accumulated in the battery during the flight or the capturing. When the battery installed in the hovering camera 100 is the secondary battery, the charging station 700 can restore electric power expended by the hovering camera 100 by charging the battery. The charging station 700 may charge the hovering camera 100 by connecting a cable or the like to the hovering camera 100 and supplying electric power to the hovering camera 100. Alternatively, the charging station 700 may charge the hovering camera 100 by supplying electric power to the hovering camera 100 by a non-contact power transmission scheme.
The server device 800 is a device that stores various types of data. In the present embodiment, the server device 800 may store damage data generated by the information processing device 300.
The inspection system 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has the configuration illustrated in
An exemplary system configuration of the inspection system 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above. Next, exemplary functional configurations of the hovering camera 100 and the control terminal 200 configuring the inspection system 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
<3. Exemplary Functional Configuration>
[3.1. Hovering Camera]
An exemplary functional configuration of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment will be described based on
As illustrated in
The control unit 110 controls operations of the hovering camera 100. For example, the control unit 110 performs adjustment of rotational speeds of the rotors 104a to 104d through adjustment of rotational speed of the motors 108a to 108d, an imaging process using the imaging device 101, control of illumination of the illuminating device 105, and the like. In addition, the control unit 110 can control processes for transmission and reception of information to and from another device (for example, the control terminal 200) via the communication unit 120, and recording and reading of information on and from the storage unit 140. The control unit 110 includes a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a processing circuit, and as the processor or the processing circuit performs programs and processes of various kinds, functions of various functional parts of the control unit 110 are realized. Furthermore, the control unit 110 may include a memory or a storage device which temporarily or permanently stores a program executed by the processor or the processing circuit and data read and written in processes.
In the present embodiment, the control unit 110 controls a flight in which the rotational speed of the motors 108a to 108d is adjusted and execution of the imaging process of the still image by the imaging device 101 based on the flight information transmitted from the control terminal 200. The control unit 110 controls the motors 108a to 108d or the imaging device 101 based on the flight information transmitted from the control terminal 200 and thus can provide an image to the control terminal 200 based on a request of the control terminal 200.
The imaging device 101 is configured with a lens, an image sensor such as a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor, and the like. The imaging device 101 installed in the body of the hovering camera 100 captures a still image or a moving image according to control from the control terminal 200. The image captured by the imaging device 101 is transmitted from the communication unit 120 to the control terminal 200. In the present embodiment, the imaging device 101 performs the imaging process based on the information of the imaging position of the still image included in the flight information transmitted from the control terminal 200. The image obtained by the imaging process of the imaging device 101 is recorded in the storage unit 140 or transmitted from the communication unit 120 to the control terminal 200. When the hovering camera 100 images the bottom surface side of the bridge 1, insufficient brightness due to the bridge 1 blocking sunlight is conceivable, and for that reason, the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment has the illuminating device 105 for making an illuminance in a photographing range uniform during imaging as will be described below.
The imaging device 101 can change the imaging direction, for example, to an arbitrary direction by the control from the control unit 110. For example, when the horizontal direction of the hovering camera is assumed to be 0°, the capturing can be performed in an imaging direction indicated by a range of ±90° vertically. As the imaging device 101 changes the imaging direction, the hovering camera 100 can capture an image in a certain direction and provides a captured image to the control terminal 200. Then, the control unit 110 associates position information of the hovering camera 100 when the imaging device 101 captures a still image, body information at the time of capturing (i.e., information on the hovering camera 100 at the time of capturing), and information of the imaging direction as metadata of the still image.
Note that position information of the hovering camera 100 can also include position information based on positioning by the GPS, and positioning using the position estimation nodes 500. Body information at the time of imaging includes information of for example, an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with reference to a reference plane (for example, a yaw angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle), an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to a photographing target, acceleration, an angular velocity, and the like. The reference plane referred to here is, for example, a horizontal plane with respect to the ground. An inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to a photographing target refers to, for example, an angle formed between the photographing target such as the bottom surface or a side surface of a bridge and the body of the hovering camera 100. As a method of storing the associated metadata, the metadata may be added to an additional information region (for example, a specific region of an Exif format) of still image data, or the metadata may be recorded in an image file, a separate file, or the like as separate data.
The rotors 104a to 104d cause the hovering camera 100 to fly by generating a lift force from rotation thereof. Rotation of the rotors 104a to 104d is caused by rotation of the motors 108a to 108d. The motors 108a to 108d cause the rotors 104a to 104d to rotate. The rotation of the motors 108a to 108d can be controlled by the control unit 110.
The illuminating device 105 is a mechanism for making an illuminance of a photographing range of the imaging device 101 of the hovering camera 100 uniform. The illuminating device 105 is configured to include, for example, a plurality of light sources. As the light sources, for example, LED light sources may be used. Note that a detailed configuration of the illuminating device 105 will be described below. In the present embodiment, the control unit 110 controls a light amount of the light sources constituting the illuminating device 105 according to an attitude (an inclination) of the hovering camera. 100 with respect to a photographing surface of the photographing target. Accordingly, the illuminance of the photographing range of the imaging device 101 can be set to be uniform, and thus precision of images photographed by the imaging device 101 can be improved.
Note that a process of the control unit 110 according to the present embodiment to improve precision of images acquired by the imaging device 101 will be described below in detail.
The communication unit 120 performs transmission and reception processes of information to/from the control terminal 200 through wireless communication. The hovering camera 100 transmits images captured by the imaging device 101 from the communication unit 120 to the control terminal 200. In addition, the hovering camera 100 receives instructions relating to flight from the control terminal 200 using the communication unit 120.
The sensor unit 130 is a group of devices that acquire states of the hovering camera 100, and may include, for example, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a barometric sensor, an optical flow sensor, a laser range finder that measures the distance to the target, and the like. The sensor unit 130 can convert an acquired state of the hovering camera 100 into a predetermined signal, and provide the signal to the control unit 110 when necessary.
The control unit 110 may generate information about an inclination of the body with respect to the reference plane (for example, a yaw angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle) from, for example, acceleration information of the acceleration sensor and angular velocity information of the gyro sensor provided from the sensor unit 130. In addition, the control unit 110 can acquire a distance from the hovering camera 100 to the photographing target based on sensing information of the laser range finder of the sensor unit 130. A plurality of laser range finders can be provided in the body of the hovering camera 100 at predetermined intervals. In this case, the control unit 110 can acquire information of an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to a surface of the photographing target as well as information of an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the reference plane by performing calculation using sensing information from the plurality of laser range finders.
The position information acquisition unit 132 acquires information of a current position of the hovering camera 100 using, for example, the GPS, a vision sensor, or the like. The position information acquisition unit 132 can provide the acquired information of the current position of the hovering camera 100 to the control unit 110 when necessary. The control unit 110 executes control of the flight of the hovering camera 100 based on the flight information received from the control terminal 200 using the information of the current position of the hovering camera 100 acquired by the position information acquisition unit 132.
The sensor unit 130 detects an obstacle that may interfere with a flight at the time of the flight. As the sensor unit 130 detects an obstacle, the hovering camera 100 can provide information related to the detected obstacle to the control terminal 200.
The storage unit 140 stores a variety of information. Examples of the information stored in the storage unit 140 include the flight information of the hovering camera 100 transmitted from the control terminal 200 and an image captured by the imaging device 101.
The battery 150 accumulates electric power for operating the hovering camera 100. The battery 150 may be a primary battery in which only discharging is possible or may be a secondary battery in which charging is also possible, but when the battery 150 is the secondary battery, for example, the battery 150 can be supplied with electric power from the charging station 700 illustrated in
The hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment may have the configuration illustrated in
An exemplary functional configuration of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment has been described above using
[3.2. Control Terminal]
Next, an exemplary functional configuration of the control terminal 200 according to the present embodiment will be described based on
The display unit 210 includes a flat display device, for example, a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, or the like. The display unit 210 can display, for example, images captured by the imaging device 101 or information for controlling operations of the hovering camera 100. The display unit 210 is provided with a touch panel, and thus a user can perform a direct operation with respect to the information displayed on the display unit 210 by touching the display unit 210 with his or her finger, or the like.
The communication unit 220 transmits and receives information to/from the hovering camera 100 through wireless communication. The control terminal 200 receives images captured by the imaging device 101 from the hovering camera 100 using the communication unit 220. In addition, the control terminal 200 transmits instructions relating to the flight of the hovering camera 100 to the hovering camera 100 from the communication unit 220. Commands relating to the flight of the hovering camera 100 can be generated by the control unit 230.
The control unit 230 controls an operation of the control terminal 200. For example, the control unit 230 can control a process of displaying text, figures, images, or other information on the display unit 210 and the transmission and reception processes of information to/from other devices (for example, the hovering camera 100) through the communication unit 220. The control unit 230 is configured to include a flight information generating unit 232 and a display control unit 234.
The flight information generating unit 232 generates the flight information to be transmitted to the hovering camera 100. At the time of generation of the flight information, for example, the flight information generating unit 232 uses information related to a structure to be inspected stored in the storage unit 240 which will be described below. When the flight information is generated, the flight information generating unit 232 causes the generated flight information to be transmitted from the communication unit 220 before takeoff of the hovering camera 100.
Here, an example of the flight information generation process by the flight information generating unit 232 will be briefly described. The flight information generating unit 232 reads the overview diagram of the bridge 1 to be inspected when generating the flight information of the hovering camera 100. The read overview diagram of the bridge 1 is displayed on the display unit 210 through the display control unit 234. As described above, points on the overview diagram of the bridge 1 are associated with points on the map data including detailed GPS information in advance. The associating is preferably performed by at least two sets of points. The overview diagram of the bridge 1 is associated with points on the map data including detailed GPS information in advance, and thus the flight path of the hovering camera 100 is defined using GPS values (a set of a latitude and a longitude).
Then, the flight information generating unit 232 generates the flight path of the hovering camera 100 based on the overview diagram of the bridge 1. The flight information generating unit 232 uses information related to a structure such as a construction method, a width, and a span length of the bridge 1, an available flight period of time of the hovering camera 100, and information such as an inspection method of the bridge 1 when generating the flight path of the hovering camera 100. Concrete bridges are classified into reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) according to an reinforcement method and are classified into, for example, a RCT girder bridge, a PCT girder bridge, a PC hollow slab bridge, a RC box-girder bridge, a PC box-girder bridge, and the like. Thus, when the construction method of the bridge 1 serving as an inspection target is known, the flight information generating unit 232 can generate a flight path suitable for the construction method of the bridge 1. Then, the flight information generating unit 232 causes the flight path of the hovering camera 100 to be displayed on the overview diagram of the bridge 1 in a superimposed manner.
The flight information generating unit 232 defines the flight path of the hovering camera 100 using GPS values (a set of a latitude and a longitude) as described above. As the flight information generating unit 232 defines the flight path of the hovering camera 100 using the GPS values, the hovering camera 100 can determine a position at which the imaging process is executed at the time of flight based on the GPS values.
The display control unit 234 controls the display of text, figures, images, and other information on the display unit 210. For example, when the flight information generating unit 232 generates the flight information to be transmitted to the hovering camera 100, the display control unit 234 executes control such that the overview diagram of the structure (the bridge 1) to be inspected and the generated flight information are displayed on the display unit 210.
The storage unit 240 stores various types of information. Examples of the information stored in the storage unit 240 include information related to the structure to be inspected (the bridge 1). Examples of the information related to the structure to be inspected include the overview diagram of the structure (the bridge 1) to be inspected and the construction method of the structure to be inspected. Further, when a location of the structure to be inspected which is considered likely to be damaged is known in advance, the information related to the structure to be inspected may include information of a portion that is considered likely to be damaged.
Further, even when the information related to the structure (the bridge 1) to be inspected is not stored in the storage unit 240 in advance, the control terminal 200 may receive the information related to the structure of the inspection target, for example, from the information processing device 300 at the time of inspection of the structure.
The control terminal 200 according to the present embodiment has the configuration illustrated in
An exemplary functional configuration of the control terminal 200 according to the present embodiment has been described above.
<4. Exemplary Operation of Inspection System>
An exemplary operation of the inspection system 10 according to the present embodiment described above will be described based on
First, the control terminal 200 that generates the flight information of the hovering camera 100 reads information related to the bridge 1 including the overview diagram of the bridge 1 of the inspection target, and causes the overview diagram of the bridge 1 to be displayed on the display unit 210 (step S101). The reading of the information related to the bridge 1 is executed, for example, by the flight information generating unit 232, and the displaying of the overview diagram of the bridge 1 on the display unit 210 is executed, for example, by the display control unit 234. The control terminal 200 in which the overview diagram of the bridge 1 is being displayed on the display unit 210 enables the user to designate a region of the bridge 1 to be inspected using the overview diagram of the bridge 1 being displayed on the display unit 210 (step S102). The process of enabling the user to designate the region in step S102 is executed, for example, by the flight information generating unit 232.
For example, when a part of the bridge 1 is set as the inspection target, the control terminal 200 enables the user to designate an inspection target region in the overview diagram of the bridge 1 being displayed on the display unit 210. Further, for example, when the entire bridge 1 is set as the inspection target, the control terminal 200 enables the user to designate all regions of the bridge 1 in the overview diagram of the bridge 1 being displayed on the display unit 210.
When the region of the bridge 1 to be inspected is designated by the user, the control terminal 200 then generates the flight information of the hovering camera 100 for the region to be inspected designated by the user based on the information related to the bridge 1 (step S103). The flight information generation process in step S103 is executed, for example, by the flight information generating unit 232.
The control terminal 200 uses information related to a structure such as a construction method, a width, and a span length of the bridge 1, an available flight period of time of the hovering camera 100, and information such as an inspection method of the bridge 1 when generating the flight information of the hovering camera 100 in step S103. For example, when a T girder is used in the construction method of the bridge 1, the control terminal 200 generates a flight path in which the hovering camera 100 repeats levitation and descending at the bottom side of the bridge 1 as the flight information. Further, the control terminal 200 may use information of an image target surface of the bridge 1 when generating the flight information of the hovering camera 100 in step S103. For example, when the user selects capturing of the side of the bridge 1, the control terminal 200 generates a flight path along the side of the bridge 1 as the flight information, and when the user selects capturing of the bottom surface of the bridge 1, the control terminal 200 generates a flight path in which it travels back and forth under the bottom side of the bridge 1 as the flight information.
When the flight information of the hovering camera 100 is generated in step S103, the control terminal 200 then transmits the generated flight information to the hovering camera 100, and transmits a takeoff instruction to the hovering camera 100 (step S104). The transmitting of the generated flight information and the transmitting of the takeoff instruction are performed, for example, by the flight information generating unit 232 through the communication unit 220.
The hovering camera 100 that has received the flight information and the takeoff instruction from the control terminal 200 and then taken off from the base station 600 flied based on the flight information transmitted from the control terminal 200, performs the imaging process, and acquires a still image (step S105). The hovering camera 100 acquires position information when the imaging process of acquiring a still image is executed or body information at the time of the imaging process, and associates the acquired information with the still image. For example, information on the body at the time of the imaging process may include, for example, an inclination of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the reference plane (for example, a yaw angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle), acceleration, or an angular velocity. Further, the hovering camera 100 may transmit a moving image being captured by the imaging device 101 during flight to the control terminal 200 in a streaming manner. As the control terminal 200 acquires and displays on the display the moving image being captured through the imaging device during flight by the hovering camera 100, the control terminal 200 can present a position at which the hovering camera 100 is flying to the user.
Preferably, the hovering camera 100 maintains a constant distance from the image target surface (for example, the side surface or the bottom surface of the bridge girder 3) at all the imaging points when executing the imaging process. As the distance from the image target surface is maintained constant at all the imaging points, the hovering camera 100 can obtain still images captured with the same size.
When a portion considered likely to be damaged is included in the flight path of the hovering camera 100, the hovering camera 100 may change the imaging direction of the imaging device, use infrared rays having different wavelengths, or change a shutter speed for the portion and then capture a plurality of still images. Further, when a portion considered likely to be damaged is included in the flight path of the hovering camera 100, the hovering camera 100 may narrow an interval of positions at which the imaging process of the portion is performed so as to be smaller than that of other portions.
When the imaging process at the last imaging point is completed, the hovering camera 100 automatically flies to the base station 600 in order to return to the base station 600 (step S106). Then, the control terminal 200 acquires the image captured by the hovering camera 100 that has returned to the base station 600 from the hovering camera 100 (step S107). The acquiring of the image captured by the hovering camera 100 may be performed after the hovering camera 100 returns to the base station 600 as described above, but the control terminal 200 may acquire a still image sequentially each time the hovering camera 100 executes the imaging process and acquires the still image.
An exemplary operation of the inspection system 10 according to the present embodiment has been described above. According to the inspection system 10 according to the present embodiment, the control terminal 200 generates the flight information to be transmitted to the hovering camera 100 and the hovering camera 100 can capture images based on the flight information.
<5. Application to Acquisition of Highly Precise Images>
By causing the hovering camera 100 to fly and the hovering camera 100 to capture the bridge 1, a state of a place which is not easily accessible to a worker, for example, the bottom surface of the bridge girder 3 can be checked. Here, an image acquired by the imaging device 101 here is required to be a highly precise image with which a detection target such as damage of a structure can be precisely detected. Thus, in order for the hovering camera. 100 according to the present embodiment to acquire highly precise images, the control unit 110 first performs illuminating control on the illuminating device 105 to make the illuminance of the photographing range of the imaging device 101 substantially uniform.
In addition, there is a concern in photographing using the hovering camera 100 that the body may vibrate due to a disturbance of wind or the like, or operations of the driving system of the body and thus photographed images may appear blurry. Thus, in the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment, the control unit 110 performs a process of eliminating an influence of vibration on the imaging device 101 and preventing captured images from being blurry. The process for acquiring a highly precise image with the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail below.
[5.1. Functional Configuration]
First, functions of the control unit 110 for acquiring highly precise images with the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment will be described based on
The control unit 110 of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment has a photographing parameter setting section 111, a detection information acquisition section 113, an illuminating control section 115, a shutter control section 117, and an attitude control section 119 for the functions for acquiring highly precise images as illustrated in
The photographing parameter setting section 111 sets photographing parameters of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105. The photographing parameters include, for example, a shutter speed and a photographing gain of the imaging device 101, a set illuminance of the illuminating device 105, and the like. The photographing parameters are set in advance in, for example, the storage unit 140 of the hovering camera 100. The photographing parameter setting section 111 acquires photographing parameters necessary for obtaining an image quality required for a captured image from the storage unit 140 and outputs them to the illuminating control section 115, the shutter control section 117, and the attitude control section 119 such that they are set for the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105.
The detection information acquisition section 113 acquires position information of the body and body information at the time of imaging acquired by the sensor unit 130 and the position information acquisition unit 132 of the hovering camera 100. The detection information acquisition section 113 outputs the acquired various kinds of information to the illuminating control section 115, the shutter control section 117, and the attitude control section 119.
The illuminating control section 115 modulates light such that the illuminance of the photographing range of the imaging device 101 illuminated by the illuminating device 105 becomes substantially uniform. The illuminating control section 115 controls the illuminating device 105 such that the illuminating device is turned on and off based on the position information of the body and the body information at the time of imaging of the hovering camera 100 acquired by the detection information acquisition section 113. In addition, the illuminating control section 115 controls a light amount of the light sources constituting the illuminating device 105 according to an inclination of the body included in the body information to attain the set illuminance input from the photographing parameter setting section 111.
The shutter control section 117 controls driving of the shutter of the imaging device 101. The shutter control section 117 causes the shutter to be driven based on, for example, a shutter speed input from the photographing parameter setting section 111. In addition, the shutter control section 117 controls timings at which the shutter is caused to be driven based on the position information of the body, the body information at the time of imaging of the hovering camera 100, and the like acquired by the detection information acquisition section 113.
The attitude control section 119 controls inclinations of the lens of the imaging device 101. Accordingly, the attitude control section 119 can control the imaging device 100 such that a photographing direction is oriented to an imaging range according to an attitude of the hovering camera 100. For example, when the body of the hovering camera 100 is inclined with respect to a photographing plane because it is influenced by a disturbance like wind, the attitude control section 119 controls a driving mechanism for adjusting inclinations of the lens of the imaging device 101 such that the photographing direction is substantially vertical with respect to the photographing plane.
The respective functional sections of the control unit 110 control at least one of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 as described above so that highly precise images can be acquired. Control processes of the respective functional sections will be described below
[5.2. Light Modulation Control of Illuminating Device]
First, light modulation control of the illuminating device 105 according to the present embodiment will be described based on
(1) Photographing Conditions
It is required to acquire an image having a certain level of precision in order to photograph a structure with the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment and detect damage of the structure. For example, a case in which a back face 3a of the bridge girder 3 is photographed to detect a crack having a certain degree of size or greater generated on the back face 3a is considered as illustrated in
It may be assumed that, for example, a crack having a width of 0.2 mm or greater is detected using the imaging device 101 having about 4000 pixels (13M pixels) horizontally and 90° as an angle of view. In this case, by photographing a photographing range S with an area of 4 m2 (L1=L2=2 m) at a distance d from the imaging device 101 to the back face 3a of the bridge girder 3 serving as the photographing plane, which is 1 m, an image having the required resolution can be acquired.
On the other hand, it is required that a photographing target is clearly projected with no blurring in an image to be used to detect damage of a structure. Thus, when an image having the above-described resolution is to be acquired, an exposure time in which no blurring is caused in the image (i.e., a shutter speed), a gain for obtaining a clear image (i.e., ISO sensitivity), and a necessary illuminance of the photographing plane in photographing are acquired in advance as photographing parameters.
Here, the exposure time is set to a value at which an influence of vibration of the body of the hovering camera 100 can be eliminated. In normal photographing in which a person photographs an image using a digital still camera, a vibration frequency of hand-shake of a photographer is about 10 Hz. On the other hand, a vibration frequency of the body of the hovering camera 100 has a plurality of peaks according to the rotational speed of the propeller that rotates at several hundreds Hz. For this reason, it is not possible to remove blurring of an image caused by vibration of the body with a general hand-shake correction function incorporated into a lens module of the imaging device 101. Thus, it is desirable to set the exposure time according to the body of the hovering camera 100.
The photographing parameters may be set based on real measurement results using a real machine for the hovering camera 100, or may be set based on results obtained from a simulation based on a model simulating the real machine. The photographing parameters are stored in, for example, the storage unit 140.
When, for example, the photographing range S of 4 m2 is photographed with the distance from the imaging device 101 to the photographing plane set to 1 m, the exposure time is set to 1/250 [sec], the gain to ISO 200, and an illuminance at the time of photographing to 1000 [lux] for the photographing parameters. Note that these values of the photographing parameters are merely examples, and the photographing parameters are set according to photographing conditions, the stability of the body of the hovering camera 100, and the like. If the stability of the body of the hovering camera 100 increases, for example, the exposure time can be set to be longer, and the illuminance at the time of photographing can be lowered.
The control unit 110 controls the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 such that photographing is performed according to the photographing parameters set by the photographing parameter setting section 111.
(2) Configuration of Illuminating Device
Next, a configuration of the illuminating device 105 mounted in the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment will be described based on
The illuminating device 105 may be configured by disposing the plurality of light sources 106 on the body surface of the hovering camera 100. As the light sources 106, for example, LED light sources can be used. Since LED light sources have directionality, reliable illumination is possible in a light emission direction. In addition, the respective light sources 106 may be disposed to have a substantially uniform illuminance distribution in the photographing range S. It is preferable to set the illuminance distribution in the photographing range to be higher than a necessary illuminance at all points within the photographing range S.
The illuminating device 105 may be configured such that the light sources 106 are disposed at the center, four corners, and the center portions of respective sides of a body flat surface 100a of the hovering camera 100 having a substantial square shape, as illustrated in
At this time, the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S can be made substantially uniform by appropriately setting an emission direction of the light sources 106 according to an installation position of the light sources 106. For example, a light emission direction of the light sources 106 provided at the center among the light sources 106 disposed on the body flat surface 100a may be substantially vertical with respect to the body flat surface 100a as illustrated in
In addition, as another exemplary configuration of the illuminating device 105, for example, the illuminating device 105 may be configured by disposing the light sources 106 on diagonal lines of the body flat surface 100a of the hovering camera 100 having a substantially square shape, as illustrated in
Here, as a method of setting the illuminance distribution of the illuminating device 105 in the photographing range S to be substantially uniform, for example, a lens (not illustrated) that is an optical member which adjusts a directionality of the light sources 106 may be provided for the light sources 106, in addition to adjusting a light emission direction of the light sources 106. For example,
By changing the directionality of the light sources 106 and increasing illuminance of radiated light using the lens as described above, the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S can be made substantially uniform. Particularly, with regard to the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment, a light amount of the illuminating device 105 is adjusted according to an inclination of the body, and thus the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S is made substantially uniform as will be described below.
Specifically, by providing a lens that changes directionality and increasing illuminance of radiated light in at least some of the light sources 106 constituting the illuminating device 105 of the hovering camera 100, the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S can be more precisely made substantially uniform. For example, in the example of the illuminating device 105 illustrated in
Note that, although the body of the hovering camera 100 is shown to be a simplified quadrangular body with regard to the illuminating device 105 illustrated in
(3) Light Amount Control of Illuminating Device according to Inclination of Body
The hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment modulates a light amount of the illuminating device 105 according to an inclination of the body with the control unit 110. Although the illuminating device 105 according to the present embodiment is designed to have a substantially uniform illuminance distribution in the photographing range S as described above, if the body is in an inclined state resisting wind or the like, it may not be possible for the illuminating device 105 to realize a target illuminance distribution in the photographing range S at a photographing position. For example, although attitude control is performed during photographing such that the body flat surface 100a of the hovering camera 100 is substantially parallel to the photographing plane while maintaining a set distance d therefrom, the hovering camera 100 may be inclined due to, for example, the influence of wind, or the like. Then, the body flat surface 100a of the hovering camera 100 is inclined with respect to the photographing plane, and for the light sources 106 provided in the outer circumferential part of the body flat surface 100a, a distance from the light sources 106 to the photographing plane may become longer than the set distance d.
Therefore, the control unit 110 controls a light amount of the illuminating device 105 such that an illuminance distribution in the photographing range S is substantially uniform at a photographing position according to an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 sensed by the sensor unit 130 mounted in the body. Since the illuminating device 105 may be fixed to the body and only the inclination of the imaging device 101 may be adjusted, a driving mechanism of operable parts of the hovering camera 100 can be simplified, and as a result, the hovering camera 100 can be lightweight.
Light amount control of the illuminating device 105 will be described in more detail based on
First, light amount control according to an inclination of the hovering camera 100 when the body is inclined with respect to a horizontal reference plane will be described. The control is executed when, for example, the back face portion of the bridge girder 3 of the bridge 1 is substantially parallel with the horizontal plane as illustrated in
First, the control unit 110 acquires an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 based on information acquired by the sensor unit 130. At this time, the control unit 110 determines whether or not the hovering camera 100 is inclined with respect to a photographing plane of a photographing target using sensing information of the laser range finders provided at a plurality of places on the hovering camera 100 as the information from the sensor unit 130. Whether or not the hovering camera 100 is inclined with respect to the photographing plane of the photographing target may be determined based on, for example, whether distances measured by the plurality of laser range finders provided on the same plane of the hovering camera 100 include at least one different value.
When the distances measured by the respective laser range finders are substantially the same (for example, when differences between the respective distances are within a predetermined range), the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S is determined to be substantially uniform, and thus the control unit 110 decides not to perform light amount control of the illuminating device 105. On the other hand, when the distances measured by the respective laser range finders include at least one different value, the control unit 110 determines the hovering camera 100 to be inclined with respect to the photographing plane of the photographing target. Then, the control unit 110 acquires the angle θ by which the light emission plane 105a is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane P with reference to the horizontal plane P because the photographing plane of the photographing target is substantially parallel with the horizontal plane in the present example. The angle θ can be acquired using, for example, acceleration information of the acceleration sensor or angular velocity information of the gyro sensor as the information from the sensor unit 130.
If the light emission plane 105a is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane P by the angle θ, an irregular illuminance distribution of light radiated from the illuminating device 105 occurs on the photographing plane Wa that is substantially parallel with the horizontal plane P. For example, in
Thus, by adjusting a light amount of the light sources 106 constituting the illuminating device 105 according to the inclination angle θ of the light emission plane 105a with respect to the horizontal plane P, an illuminance distribution on the photographing plane Wa becomes substantially uniform in the present embodiment.
Thus, with regard to the light sources 106 facing the right regions (the upper right region UR and the lower right region BR) and the light sources 106 facing the left regions (the upper left region UL and the lower left region BL), a light output ratio was changed and then the illuminance difference between the upper right region UR and the upper left region UL at that time was measured. Note that characteristics of the respective light sources 106 constituting the illuminating device 105 are set to be the same, and an adjustment amount of a light amount of the respective light sources 106 is expressed as a ratio when a light amount that the light sources 106 can output at a maximum rating is set to 100%. The result is shown in the graph in the lower part of
As illustrated in the lower part of
If a light amount of the light sources 106 is adjusted so that illuminance differences between respective regions in the photographing range S become zero, an illuminance distribution in the photographing range S can be made substantially uniform.
The hovering camera 100 stores in the storage unit 140 in advance an output value of the respective light sources 106 at which the illuminance differences between the respective regions of the photographing range S are a predetermined value or smaller for each inclination angle θ of the light emission plane 105a with respect to the horizontal plane P. The set output value of the respective light sources 106 may be decided based on, for example, a result of measurement obtained using a real machine, or may be decided based on a simulation result. The control unit 110 of the hovering camera 100 acquires from the storage unit 140 a set value of the illuminating device 105 corresponding to the inclination of the body acquired from the results of measurement of the sensor unit 130, and controls an output (light amount) of the respective light sources 106 of the illuminating device 105 using the illuminating control section 115.
Note that the illuminating control section 115 may control each of the light sources 106 constituting the illuminating device 105, or control the respective light sources 106 for each of predetermined groups. In the case of the illuminating device illustrated in
On the other hand, a light amount may be controlled according to an inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to a photographing target. When, for example, a photographing target such as the back side portion of the bridge girder of the bridge is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane and the body of the hovering camera 100 is inclined as well with respect to the photographing target, the inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the photographing target may be calculated as described below and thereby a light amount of the illuminating device 105 may be controlled.
Also in this case, the control unit 110 acquires the inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 based on the information acquired from the sensor unit 130. The inclination of the body of the hovering camera 100 may be performed using sensing information of the laser range finders provided at a plurality of places on the hovering camera 100 as the information from the sensor unit 130 similarly to above. When all distances measured by the respective laser range finders are not substantially the same, the body of the hovering camera 100 is determined to be inclined with respect to the photographing plane of the photographing target.
When the body of the hovering camera 100 is inclined with respect to the photographing plane of the photographing target, the control unit 110 calculates the inclination angle of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the photographing target, and uses it in control of a light amount of the illuminating device 105. The inclination angle of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the photographing target can be acquired from, for example, when the inclination of the photographing plane of the photographing target with respect to the horizontal plane P is known, the inclination of the photographing plane of the photographing target with respect to the horizontal plane P and the inclination of the body with respect to the horizontal plane P acquired using the gyro sensor. Alternatively, the inclination angle of the body of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the photographing target may be acquired geometrically from distances measured by the plurality of laser range finders.
When the inclination angle of the hovering camera 100 with respect to the photographing target is acquired, the control unit 110 acquires the set value of the illuminating device 105 corresponding to the inclination of the body from the storage unit 140, and then controls an output (light amount) of the respective light sources 106 of the illuminating device 105 using the illuminating control section 115. Note that the set value stored in the storage unit 140 may be the same as information used when light amount control is performed based on the inclination angle θ of the body with respect to the horizontal plane P as described above.
[5.3. Exemplary Control of Imaging Device and Illuminating Device at Time of Photographing]
Exemplary control of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 at the time of photographing of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment will be described below based on
When photographing work based on flight information is started, the hovering camera 100 first sets photographing parameters that are setting information of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 (step S200). The photographing parameters include, for example, a shutter speed and a photographing gain of the imaging device 101, set illuminance of the illuminating device 105, and the like. The photographing parameters are set in advance in, for example, the storage unit 140 of the hovering camera 100. The photographing parameter setting section 111 acquires photographing parameters necessary for gaining an image quality required for a captured image from the storage unit 140, and outputs them to the illuminating control section 115 and the shutter control section 117 to set them for the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105.
Next, the detection information acquisition section 113 acquires position information of the body and body information at the time of photographing acquired by the sensor unit 130 and the position information acquisition unit 132 (step S202). For example, the detection information acquisition section 113 outputs the acquired various kinds of information to the illuminating control section 115 and the shutter control section 117. Accordingly, the illuminating control section 115 and the shutter control section 117 can start control of the illuminating device 105 and the imaging device 101 so as to attain the photographing parameters set in step S200.
The hovering camera 100 continues movement to a photographing point until it reaches the photographing point. Here, when the hovering camera 100 enters a photographing area that is a predetermined range including the photographing point, the photographing point gets closer, and thus the control unit 110 starts preparation for photographing (step S204). First, the illuminating control section 115 turns on the illuminating device 105 (step S206). The illuminating device 105 may have been turned on during the movement to the photographing point, or may perform illuminating of the photographing range S at the time of photographing. If the illuminating device 105 is turned on when the hovering camera enters the photographing area and gets close to the photographing point, the time for which the illuminating device 105 is turned on can be shortened, and battery consumption can also be suppressed.
With regard to the entering into the photographing area, it may be determined that the hovering camera 100 has entered the photographing area at a time point at which, for example, the hovering camera has started reducing its speed to stand still at the photographing point. Alternatively, it may be determined that the hovering camera 100 has entered the photographing area when an area at a predetermined distance from the photographing point is defined as the photographing area and the presence of the hovering camera 100 within the photographing area is specified from position information of the body.
When the illuminating device 105 is turned on, light of the respective light sources 106 of the illuminating device 105 is modulated according to the inclination of the body obtained from the body information as described above. This light modulation is performed at the photographing point such that the illuminance set based on set parameters is ensured and the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S on the photographing plane become substantially uniform.
Next, the shutter control section 117 starts shutter control of the imaging device 101 (step S208). The shutter control section 117 releases the shutter of the imaging device 101 when the hovering camera 100 reaches the photographing point to acquire an image at the photographing point. If the attitude of the hovering camera 100 of this time is in a stable state, blurring barely occurs in the photographed image, and thus a more highly precise image can be acquired. Thus, the shutter control section 117 determines whether the absolute value of the speed of the hovering camera 100 is smaller than a threshold speed vth and the absolute value of the acceleration is smaller than a threshold acceleration ath as illustrated in
When the hovering camera 100 enters the photographing area and the speed linearly decreases as illustrated in
Then, when the absolute value of the speed of the hovering camera 100 is smaller than the threshold speed vth, and the absolute value of the acceleration is smaller than the threshold acceleration ath, the shutter control section 117 causes the shutter to be driven to perform photographing (step S2083). At this time, the shutter speed of the imaging device 101 is decided based on the exposure time set in step S200 of
Note that the shutter control process illustrated in
Returning to the description of
Thereafter, the control unit 110 determines whether or not photographing at all photographing points set in the flight information has been completed (step S218). When there is a remaining photographing point at which photographing has not been completed in step S218, the hovering camera 100 moves to the next photographing point (step S220), and repeats the processes from step S202. On the other hand, when photographing has been completed at all the photographing points in step S218, the hovering camera 100 returns to the base station 600, and ends work.
Exemplary control of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 at the time of photographing by the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment has been described above. Note that, although the case in which both the light modulation of the illuminating device 105 by the illuminating control section 115 and the shutter control by the shutter control section 117 are executed has been described above, the present disclosure is not limited to this example. Light modulation of the illuminating device 105 by the illuminating control section 115 and shutter control by the shutter control section 117 can be executed independently of each other.
[5.4. Lens Inclination Control of Imaging Device]
The control unit 110 of the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment has the attitude control section 119 which controls inclination of the lens of the imaging device 101 as illustrated in
In addition, the hovering camera 100 according to the present embodiment may further have a second driving unit which adjusts an inclination of the lens in a roll direction to acquire more highly precise images. Accordingly, even when vibration of a low frequency equal to or lower than 100 Hz occurs to the body due to a disturbance, for example, wind or the like, the influence of the vibration on photographing can be eliminated by the attitude control section 119 causing the second driving unit to be driven to adjust an inclination in the roll direction.
The first driving unit 162 and the second driving unit 164 for driving the lens of the imaging device 100 can be provided as illustrated in, for example, FIGS. 16 and 17.
As illustrated in
By providing a biaxial servo mechanism in the lens as described above, not only can photographing of the same position be performed regardless of an inclination of the body, but also low-frequency vibration can be removed, and thus more highly precise image can be acquired.
<6. Conclusion>
So far, the configuration of the hovering camera 100 constituting the inspection system 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, inspection work using the same, and control of the illuminating device 105 and the imaging device 101 at the time of acquiring an image have been described. The hovering camera 100 controls attitudes of the body and photographing conditions of the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 mounted in the flight vehicle, without using a large-sized gimbal, a single-lens reflex camera, or the like.
For example, the hovering camera 100 has the illuminating device 105, and the sensor unit 130 provided inside the hovering camera 100 senses an inclination of the body by the illuminating control section 115, and a light amount of the illuminating device 105 is adjusted according to the inclination of the body. Accordingly, illuminance of the photographing plane can be maintained substantially uniformly at a fixed value or higher, and images having a given level of quality can be obtained, without changing parameters of the imaging device 101.
In addition, by increasing a shutter speed that is a photographing parameter of the imaging device 101, the influence of high-frequency vibration that is not resolved with general hand-shake correction is eliminated. Accordingly, highly precise images with little blurring can be acquired. Furthermore, by providing the servo mechanism that can drive the lens of the imaging device 101 to rotate around two axes of the tilt direction and the roll direction, the influence of low-frequency vibration can be eliminated while maintaining a fixed photographing direction.
The preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure has/have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, whilst the present disclosure is not limited to the above examples. A person skilled in the art may find various alterations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims, and it should be understood that they will naturally come under the technical scope of the present disclosure.
In order to make an illuminance distribution in the photographing range S on the photographing plane substantially uniform in the present embodiment, for example, only the inclination of the imaging device 101 is adjusted and the illuminating device 105 adjusts a light amount to make illuminance obtained when light is radiated onto the photographing plane substantially uniform. However, the present technology is not limited thereto. For example, by integrating the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 and adjusting their inclination, the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S on the photographing plane can be made substantially uniform. In this case, since the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 can be controlled as one unit, the illuminance distribution in the photographing range S necessary for photographing can be easily set. Note that, when the imaging device 101 and the illuminating device 105 are integrated, the sizes of operable portions of the hovering camera 100 increase, and thus an increasing overall weight should be taken into account.
In addition, the effects described in the present specification are merely illustrative and demonstrative, and not limitative. In other words, the technology according to the present disclosure can exhibit other effects that are evident to those skilled in the art along with or instead of the effects based on the present specification.
Additionally, the present technology may also be configured as below.
A control device including:
an illuminating control unit configured to adjust a light amount of an illuminating device according to an inclination of a body of a flight vehicle device that has an imaging device configured to photograph a photographing target and the illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target.
The control device according to (1), wherein the inclination of the body is an inclination with respect to a horizontal plane.
The control device according to (1), wherein the inclination of the body is an inclination with respect to the photographing target.
The control device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the illuminating control unit adjusts a light amount of the illuminating device so that illuminance of a photographing plane of the photographing target becomes substantially uniform.
The control device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the illuminating control unit turns on the illuminating device when entering a photographing area in a vicinity of a photographing point at which the flight vehicle device photographs the photographing target.
The control device according to any one of (1) to (5), including:
a shutter control unit configured to control a shutter of the imaging device,
wherein the shutter control unit operates the shutter when a movement speed of the flight vehicle device is equal to or lower than a predetermined value and movement acceleration of the flight vehicle device is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.
A control method including:
acquiring an inclination of a body of a flight vehicle device with respect to a photographing target, the flight vehicle device including an imaging device configured to photograph the photographing target, and an illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target; and
adjusting a light amount of the illuminating device according to the inclination of the body.
A flight vehicle device including:
an imaging device configured to photograph a photographing target;
an illuminating device configured to illuminate the photographing target; and
a control unit configured to adjust a light amount of the illuminating device according to an inclination of a body with respect to the photographing target.
The flight vehicle device according to (8), wherein the control unit adjusts a light amount of the illuminating device so that illuminance of a photographing plane of the photographing target becomes substantially uniform.
The flight vehicle device according to (8) or (9), wherein the illuminating device includes a plurality of LED light sources.
The flight vehicle device according to (10), wherein a plurality of light sources are installed in a two-dimensional array shape on one or a plurality of surfaces constituting the flight vehicle device, the one or plurality of surfaces facing the photographing target.
The flight vehicle device according to (11),
wherein the plurality of light sources are installed in a plurality of regions, and
the control unit controls light amounts of the plurality of light sources for each of the plurality of regions according to the inclination of the body
The flight vehicle device according to (11) or (12), wherein the plurality of light sources include an LED light source.
The flight vehicle device according to any one of (10) to (13), wherein at least some LED light sources among the LED light sources have an optical member that changes directionality.
The flight vehicle device according to any one of (8) to (14), including:
a first driving unit configured to drive the imaging device to rotate the imaging device in a tilt direction; and
a second driving unit configured to drive the imaging device to rotate the imaging device in a roll direction.
10 inspection system
100 hovering camera
101 imaging device
104
a to 104d rotor
105 illuminating device
108
a to 108d motor
110 control unit
111 photographing parameter setting section
113 detection information acquisition section
115 illuminating control section
117 shutter control section
119 attitude control section
120 communication unit
130 sensor unit
132 position information acquisition unit
140 storage unit
150 battery
200 control terminal
300 information processing device
400 wireless relay node
500 position estimation node
600 base station
700 charging station
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-212657 | Oct 2014 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/510,407 filed Mar. 10, 2017, which is a National Phase of PCT/JP2015/073674 filed Aug. 24, 2015, and claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-212657 filed Oct. 17, 2014. The entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180273201 A1 | Sep 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15510407 | US | |
| Child | 15993052 | US |
